Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 217, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 January 1933 — Page 9

Second Section

STEEL-RINGED POLAND LAND OF FEAR AND ARMED FORCE; FRANCE’S MILITARY YES MAN People Are Restless, With Potential Foes on Every Side; Need Big Army to Balk Invasion, Is Claim. 250,000 TROOPS READY TO MOVE Mighty Chain of Forts Built Along Frontier; Viewed as Tyrant by German and Lithuanian Neighbors. The following article is the fourth of a series bv Richard I). McMillan, United Tress staff writer, on 'Why Doesn’t Europe Disarm?” BY RICHARD I). M’MILLAN United Press Staff Correspondent WARSAW, Jan. 19.—This is the capital of the land of fear and armed force. I have walked through the streets and seen soldiers everywhere, not so many as in the time of .the Soviet-Polish war twelve years ago, but the country today has more than a quarter of a million men under arms, and could put an army of 1,000,000, or more, in the field in a few weeks. Along the frontiers are mighty chains of forts, built under supervision of French military engineers. Behind this ring of steel, behind the battalions of bristling bayonets, the

Polish people are restless and fearful. On every side they have potential enemies—Germany, Lithuania, the mighty masses of Soviet Russia. Poland needs her arms and her army, she says, until her frontier neighbors can be subdued. Poland is France’s military “yes man.” The Polish army is largely French trained, just as her bastions, as I have said, were built with France’s financial and engineering aid. The Poles are France’s most powerful ally and, in the event of war, each would rush to the other’s aid, with Yugo-Slavia and Rumania also flinging themselves into the strife to maintain the status quo. Strong Alliance With France The Franco-Polish pact of mutual assistance brought into being the strongest military alliance in Europe. As long as it exists, Poland will feel comparatively safe. If it were broken, if Versailles were revised, Poland would be prepared to fight for her life. A wave of fear ran through the country when the Radicals and Socialists in France won the last elections. “It then was whispered” a Polish statesman told me, “that M. Herriot, the French premier, would denounce the Polish alliance. It was a false alarm, happily for us.” See Poland as Tyrant Poland’s mode of thinking in relation to disarmament is much the same as that of France. But Poland's geographic situation gives her a more potent argument for security before disarmament than France. The 30,000,000 inhabitants of this Republic, recreated and enlarged under the peace treaties, believe they are the bulwark in Europe against Bolshevism. In the eyes of Germany and Lithuania, Poland is the tyrant of eastern Europe. Under force of her arms, they accuse, Polland has increased her size far beyond the limits laid down by the allies. Lithuania Is Bitter Lithuania is particularly bitter against Poland because of the Polish filibustering expedition shortly after 1920 when Polish troops 15,000 strong seized the city of Vilna and some 60,000 square miles. Poland says this belongs to her ethnographically; Lithuania puts forward the same argument in support of her claim. A feeble country in military strength, which did not become a nation until after the war, Lithuania appealed to the League, but the dispute never has been settled. The powder magazine in eastern Europe in the eyes of politicians is, however, not the Polish-Lithuanian frontier, but the Polish corridor. The firm conviction in the hearts of every Pole is that Germany will not rest until she has wrested the "corridor” from Poland and thus reunite East Prussia to Germany. Germany says she wishes to do so by peaceful means, by revision of the Versailles treaty, but Poland maintains if her army were cut Germany would use force. The Germans say that in ten years Poland will have 50.000.000 inhabitants and in twenty-five she will be mightier than Germany. If the present situation is consolidated by allowing Poland to retain her might and territory she will become the dictatorial nation of central and eastern Europe.

Barter Bureau Starts Friday Commencing Friday, Jan. 20. The Times Want Ad Department will inaugurate a "Swap.” or Exchange Bureau. ’ r o Readers If yei have anything to “Swap” and can not locate a suitable trade in the want ads, you can phone or visit The Times Want Ad department for complete information on swaps that have been offered during the previous two months. Just ask for the swap bureau and describe your want. If then you have not found a suitable -’swap” or trade, just place a small “swap” ad—costing only 3 cents a word. Your swap will be listed FREE in the swap directory for two months. Phone Your “Swap” Now to RI. 5551

Full Leased Wire Service of the United Press Association

GANG RESCUE PLOT IS DENIEG Wounded Indiana Prisoner Will Be Shifted to Another Hospital. By United Press TRAVERSE CITY. Mich., Jan. 18. —State police denied rumors today that they are investigating a plot to free Wayne Robinson, 25, Bloomington (Ind.) bank robber, wounded when captured. Captain Earl Hathaway of the police post here said he has ordered the wounded’s name removal from a hospital in Hart, Mich., to Mercy hospital, Manistee, preparatory to his arraignment on a murder charge. He will be moved either today or Friday, depending upon his condition, the state trooper said. Hathaway told the United Press the state’s plan to move Robinson is simply a matter of economy. Robinson has confessed, Hathaway said, that he was one of four bandits who held up the Haleva State bank, killing Ellsworth Billman, cashier, in their escape. His three companions are serving life sentences in Marquette branch prison.

Japanese Advance Writes New Page in Long History of Anc ent Manchu Capital .Tphol's plllfprinir naci mil n A k. a | n .._ __ _

Jehol's glittering past and nebulous ; present are contrasted in the following i article. It’s the second of three stories ; describing for The Times readers the north China province that now is being invaded by Japanese forces. By NEA Service JEHOL, whether garbed in splendor or in unpatched tatters, has been accustomed, almost from the first, to furnishing the stage sets for plays of dynastic power, political strategy, personal ambition, and conquest. ; The chess board of 1933 means but | another game of pawns and kings | to this vast area of tumbling temj pics, palaces and hovels. But now it is no longer a plotting ground or a hideout for fugitives from the south; it is under the gun, seeking to keep the north safe for China and interfering with Japan's Manchurian plans. Jehol City, once encompassed with | a seven-mile wall, has stretched to ; Jehol province—and Jehol province ! now is some 500 miles in length. It iis a relatively new- state, broken | from old Manchurian alliances. In contrast to the pompous ele- ! gant “Sons of Heaven,” Jehol City I now is under the command of a | product of modern predatory ! schemes and campaigns. The mil- | lions of Mongols and Chinese scatj tered over the countryside have paid I heavily to the brigand chiefs, ma- | rauding warriors and Manchurian war lords who followed their own dreams of power after the last Manchu had fled to safety and the i flag of the new Chinese republic came to wave in the breeze, i Whereas Emperor Kang-Hsi, creator of Jehol, had been kindly, generous, and aided the farmers, | recent invaders have stolen the purses until Jehol has sunk into Poverty and herdsmen have fled to : the hills to escape bandits. a a a AT the moment, the pleasure casile of kings is the headquarters of General Tang Yu-Lin, governor of the Jehol province. Tang Yu-Lin is a graduate of the Manchurian bandit campaigns. His particular chieftain was Chang Tso-Lin, one-time Manchurian chief, who sought to spread | bis power to the southward of the Great Wall after gaining control of the "three Eastern provinces.” The story went that Tang was ordered to Jehol by Chang to drive out a brigand leader; that Tang had ambitions of his own and his | power was feared: that it was decided to leave him in charge of Jehol w’ith an army at his comi ntand. There he has stayed, defying Japan. Just outside his headquarters offices are the famous old Manchu gardens, or “Gung.” where once were sylvan pools and lakes and > groves and other beauty spots. Just beyond these gardens today has j sprung up the relatively new capi- | tal town of Chengteh. Where landscapes once had laid oti' hills and fi'wer beds there .new are planted a enals of am- ! munition. Guns are mounted and

The Indianapolis Times

SEATTLE SWAP PLAN SUCCEEDS

Aggressive Jobless Group Works Out Its Own Relief

Not a cent changes hands ... (1) The two women collect and launder clothes of members of the Houston, Tex., Unemployed Citizens’ League. ... (2) When they return the finished work, they are given script certificates for the work done. ... (3) Then they exchange these certificates for food.

This is the fourth of six stories describing: the growth of the “Back to Barter” movement. BY ROBERT TALLEY NEA Service Writer 'VJS7'HEN 50,000 jobless men and ’ * women, willing to work and determined not to beg, take the offensive, against misery, something is very likely to happen. It happened in Seattle, where an organization known as The Unemployed Citizens’ League has taken relief into its own hands in probably the most aggressive movement of the unemployed in America. Tired of asking help from others, these moneyless men and women are helping themselves—and getting a living by exchanging their labor directly for the necessaries of life. No organization of mere human derelicts, Seattle’s Unemployed Citizens’ League, is a wide-awake and up-to-the-minute concern. Its membership includes jobless workmen, teachers, accountants,

. A. ... A....

Ancient temples of Jehol proudly stand in the path of the Japanse invaders.

piled in niches which once held golden Buddhas long since stolen by desperate mandarins in flight. Motor trucks wait about. Walls bristle with armament, a a a ENERAL TANG has decided to defend the old town to the end. having spurned Japan’s offer of a part in the Manchurian consolidation. Japan is determined to oust him. Tang, so narrators state, has been living in something slightly less than Manchu luxury himself. He had a liberal assortment of wives and favorites, a most lordly larder, and has been heavily taxing the poor landsmen. It is obvious, too, that Jehol is the key to Japan’s Manchurian policy. Hostile neighbors just over the hills from the Mukden railroad would be upsetting to Japan's consolidation plans. Nor do the experts underestimate the psychological and strategic factors involved in the presence of a foe to China's north—for the legends of ancient invasion are filled with tales of Tartars who invaded from the north. And in that olden time only Emperor Kang-Hsi, who built the first pleasure palace, seems to have been moved solely by a poetic spirit and a feeling for the beauty of the place. To him it was a sentimental spot; a true re'.'ug place for a monarch who fought, while ‘wanting peace

INDIANAPOLIS, THURSDAY, JANUARY 19, 1933

Back to Barter — No. 4-

salesmen, truck drivers, lawyers, actors, doctors, carpenters architects, seamstresses, cooks, and men and women of about every other occupation. There are only two qualifications for admission: 1. You must be without a job. 2. You must be willing to work, for yourself and for your fellow-members as well. Suppose you lived in Seattle, were out of a job and joined this league of unemployed— Regardless of whether you had formerly been a bank cashier or a day laborer, you would be credited for your work at 50 cents an hour—everybody gets the same. You would do, under the direction of the leaders, the kind of work assigned. You would not be paid in money, but in goods and services. If you needed food, clothes or shoes you would get them—food that jobless men earned by working for farmers, clothes that jobless tailors and seamstresses made or repaired in the league's shops; shoes that jobless cobblers made or repaired.

and whose kindness became a legend. In verses he penned, scholars have found the line: “I always have loved this spot, and I am alone with my heart's desire.” a a a WHILE historians picture most of his sons as a sorry lot, his grandson, Chien-Lung, became a world power. There was dynastic method in the lavish expenditures of Emperor Cnien, who added acres of rich temples and palaces to his honored ancestor’s beginnings. It is written that Chien-Lung wasted no great inward devotion upon the lama priests and their

See “Hot Pepper” at Apollo, As Times’ Guest With every five-time Want Ad placed in The Times Thursday. Friday and Saturday of this week, you will receive two truest tickets to the Apollo theater. Times Want Ads cost hut 3 cents a word, with liberal discount for cash or prompt payment. Special weekly rate of seven days for the pricp of five. Every word i” a Times Want Ad is spelled out in full. To Place a Times Want Ad Call RI. 5551. or Bring It to Times Want Ad Headquarters, 214 West Maryland St.

IF your landlord were clamoring for his rent, a suave committee from the league—probably composed of a lawyer, an architect, and a contractor—would see him for you. Perhaps the landlord could be persuaded to let the league’s workmen make repairs or improvements on the property in return for the rent; if he declined, perhaps he might be ehown the danger of letting a house stand vacant when somebody might tear in down for firewood. If he still refused, perhaps there would be a gentle hint of alterations necessary to conform with the city’s fire, sanitary or building ordinances. If your water were turned off, a league committee would see the city water department for you. These city officials would be reminded that an uninterrupted water supply is essential to public health—and perhaps there might be a subtle hint of 50,000 outraged voters at the next election. Too aggressive to sit back and

ceremonials. Outwardly, he gave the impression of being most devout. This was a crafty, if costly, scheme in his political plans. KangHsi having established friendship with the khans, princes, chiefs, and tribes whose lands and powers stretched over many Mongolian miles, Chien-Lung wanted to clinch their loyalty for the Manchus and thus claim as loyal vassals the Mongol hordes. He carried his expensive game to the point of bringing from India, the powerful Tashi Lama; built a lavish temple for this prince of the church and scattered a path of gold, gems and g:.ts to the very doorway of the Jehol palace. These two, seated in the throneroom, represented at the time an incredible strength. a a a AND all the time, a shrewd smile must have played about the monarch's mouth as he feigned almost passionate piety. It was not so simple for the weaker emperors of th£ future to follow his stride. Few, in fact, seemed ever to find the same appreciation and feeling held for this beauty spot by the worthy Kang and Chien. And today, entrenched in the ruins of their poetic and cunning handiwork, a former follower of bandit chieftains now holds sway; his favorite wives safely escaped to the southern cities and military plans building about him. In all her present tatters, Jehol is perhaps a mightier stage set than ever. a a a NEXT; Glamorous tales of Jehol. MARGARET CLAYTON CLAIMED BY DEATH Lifelong President of City Will Be Laid to Rest Friday. After an illness of two weeks, Mrs. Margaret L. Clayton, lifelong resident of Indianapolis, and Tabernacle Presbyterian church member, died Wednesday at her home, 4063 Park avenue. Funeral services Will be held at 11:30 Friday in the Flanner P. Buchanan nortuarv at 25 West Fall Creek boulevard. Burial will be in New Albany. 377 FLIERS IN STATE Hold Transport Licenses, Government Figures Reveal. Indiana has 377 individuals holding government airplane pilot licenses and 163 licensed and 121 unlicensed aircraft, according to a department of commerce announcement today. Os the licensed pilots, 116 hold the highest, or transport licenses, twenty-five hold limited commercial, one holds an industrial and 235 hold private licenses,

wait for work, the league has gone out to hunt it. Salvage of all sorts, including nails carefully extracted from old lumber, and cast-off clothing that has been remade by skilled league tailors, has proved a veritable gold mine. Old machinery, junked trucks and autos have been rebuilt for the league’s transportation and manufacturing units. Such things as the league has been unable to swap for on a large scale—gasoline, for instance—its suave committees frankly have “chiseled”; for instance, pointing out to an oil company that it would be better to donate 1,000 gallons of gasoline than to face higher taxes for relief. u u a DENVER has copied parts of the Seattle plan in its Unemployed Citizens’ League of Colorado, organized by Charles D. Strong, a Denver architect. With branches in several nearby cities and towns, its sponsors claim a membership of 45,000 persons, including dependents. Among other enterprises it lists a coal mine, a woodcutting camp, eighty trucks, and certain forms of manufacturing. The work began last fall, with the labor of jobless men on farms in return for foodstuffs. In some cases, harvesting was done on shares. All the food, fuel, and clothing thus far produced has been used in direct relief, leaving nothing to be bartered. Members co-oper-ate with the Red Cross in distribution of flour from surplus government wheat and in the making of clothing from Red Cross cloth. The Denver league is represented on the recently-formed mayor’s committee to supervise administration of federal relief money obtained by the city. In Houston, Tex., a band of jobless men and women who are pledged not to accept a cent of money, are earning the actual necessities, and a few of the luxuries, of life through the Unemployed Citizens’ League of Houston. Each member exchanges his labor for commodities or services that accumulate to the league's “treasury” and are distributed equally. n n n MONEY is the one thing that Houston’s jobless will not work for, and it is absolutely forbidden to figure it in any of their calculations. A laundry, a shoe shop and other enterprises are operated, and, in one case, the men earned milk for their families by repairing and cleaning an alley in the rear of a large dairy. In Waterloo. Ia„ there are 2,100 members of the Waterloo Unemployed Relief Club, all getting their living from an organization that was built upon potatoes. Last summer, when unemployed men sat idle on park benches, somebody conceived the idea of working for farmers in return for food. Trucks were borrowed and soon 165 men were off to Hollendale, Mich., where huge crops of potatoes awaited digging. The diggers earned several carloads of potatoes, onions, cabbage and other vegetables. The Rock Island railroad donated the freight. Os the cabbage, 100 hogsheads were made into kraut. nan THE club was organized, its membership fee a dime. The simple principle of “No work, no eat” was enforced. Wood-cutting camps arose to provide fuel, a barber shop was opened, a lodging house followed, then a furniture shop and a shoe shop, and, finally, a mill to grind their com into meal. Not long ago these men husked corn for farmers and w r ere paid in live hogs. Jobless butchers cut up the hogs. Since a hog does not consist wholly of succulent pork chops, these unemployed men reasoned that there would be only one fair way to divide this meat, share and share alike. They ground it all into sausage. NEXT: How various scrip plans designed to overcome the lack of money have succeeded and failed; Grand Rapids and other cities.

Second Section

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoffiee, Indianapolis

COMPLETE CONGRESS FLOP CONCEDED BY DEMOCRATS; ENTIRE PROGRAM FIZZLES Split Party Opinion, G. O. P. Opposition, and Senate Filibuster Unite to Spell Doom of Ambitious Plans. SPECIAL SESSION HELD CERTAIN Budget Balancing, Beer, Repeal and Farm Relief Left by Wayside; Bankruptcy Bill Only One With Chance. BY WILLIAM F. KERRY l nited Press Staff Correspondent WASHINGTON, Jan. 19.—Democratic congressional leaders today conceded the complete collapse of their onceambitious program for the short session. Prohibition repeal, beer, farm relief, and budgetbalancing legislation, one by one, have fallen prey to divided party opinion, a senate filibuster, and determined Republican opposition.

BUDGET FIXING BRANDED PERIL Balancing at This Time May Prolong Depression, Say Economists. By Scripps-Jloicard Newspaper Alliance WASHINGTON, Jan. 19.—Balancing the budget in 1934 will result in prolonging the depression, economists and political scientists of the University of Chicago say in a document laid today before President Hoover, President-Elect Roosevent, governors of all states, and members of the incoming congress. . “Balancing the budget on an annual basis is ordinarily not an impossibility,” say the professors, “but if practiced during a severe depresion, such a procedure, requiring as it does a heavy load of taxation at a peculiarly inappropriate period, will tend to prolong the depression. “On the other hand, the failure to take advantage of a period of prosperity to build up financial reserves will tend to make inflationary and speculative booms the more pronounced.” The signers of the statement, in sharp disagreement with the views of Mr. Hoover as expressed in his recent message to congress, are Frank Bane, Paul Betters, Carl Chatters, Paul H. Douglas, S. E. Leland, H. A. Millis. C. E. Ridley, H. C. Simons, Donald Slesinger, Jacob Winer and Leonard D. White. As an alternative to annual balancing of the budget, the group proposed balancing a long-term budget with regard to economic cycles.

45,000 ARE EXILED BY SOVIET ORDER Entire Population of Three Settlements Deported. By United Press ■ MOSCOW, Jan. 19.—The entire population of three Cossack settlements in the Kuban region, totaling 45,000 persons, according to the 1929 census, was exiled into the far north today as the first move of the government’s plans for wholesale shifting of populations. The mass deportation was considered exemplary punishment. The government decreed recently that “socially undesirable” classes would be put to work in regions where they could contribute most to industrialization. Grain collections were slow in the Kuban region. The exile was not mentioned in the Moscow press, but was proudly displayed in Rostov newspapers. FLOOR LEADER FORCES MINE BILL PASSAGE House Approves Hourly Inspection Measure by 86-0 Vote. Scoring members he described as “betraying their trust at the behest of mine operators,” Representative Edward H. Stein of Bloomfield, Democratic floor leader of the house, today made a successful plea for passage of a bill compelling hourly inspection of coal mines. The vote was 86 to 0. The house also passed a bill providing for printing names of electors for president and vice-president on separate ballots. Senate amendment of a house bill declaring a moratorium on sales of preoerty for delinquent taxes until February, 1934, was concurred in. The amendment struck from the original bill the classifying of special assessments, such as the Barrett law, as taxes. LAST SURVIVOR DEAD Civil War Veteran Taken at Danville; Services to Be Here. Funeral services for Robert S. Hall, 90, Hartsville, only survivor of Company H, 12th Indiana infantry, who died Wednesday at the old soldiers home at Danville, 111., will be held at 8 tonight in the Shirley Brothers funeral parlors, 946 North Illinois stret. Burial will be in Breckenridge, Mo., Friday. STEFFENS’ WIFE IS HERE Ella Winters to Talk on Soviet Russia at K. of P. Building. Ella Winters, wife of Lincoln Steffens, will speak on “Women and Children in Soviet Russia” in the K. of P. building at 8 tonight. The [lecture is sponsored by the Friends of the Soviet Union.

The program will be put over until the special session, which congressional leaders today will tell PresidentElect Roosevelt now is inescapable. One piece of legislation leaders of both parties are convinced must pass immediately—the drastic Guardia-McKeown bankruptcy bill, designed to scale down debts and permit extensive industrial reorganization upon a sounder financial basis. Has Good Chance It is conceded better than an even chance of approval. The house judiciary committee expects to report the bill today. The tragi-comic collapse of budget-balancing will be made official Friday, when the house ways and means committee inters the remains of the Democratic tax plan. Majority party members of the committee already have caucused and decided that nothing can be done about taxes in the remaining six weeks of the muddled short session. This tvas their answer to President Hoover's plea for immediate taxes and bigger economies. The senate filibuster, led by the leather-lunged Huey Long of Louisiana, has prevented the passage of any important legislation in that body, except for the Philippine independence act. First of eight appropriation bills necessary to keep the government running has yet to be approved finally. Beer Legislation Halted Beer legislation, passed by the house, still is languishing in senate committee. Its sponsors’ hopes are waning as each day brings closer the end of the session on March 4. On prohibition repeal, senate and house leaders are divided hopelessly. Speaker Garner and Democratic Leader Rainey have declared they will not let the house consider any repeaj proposition not in direct accord with the party’s platform pledges. The controversial domestic allotment plan of farm relief, burdened by an insurgent house with everything from peanut bounties to butterfat, is before a senate committee, where it faces extensive revision and the delay of public hearings. Hoover Veto Certain Democrats concede that, even if it passes the senate, a long chance, it will be vetoed promptly and decisively by President Hoover. The special session remains. Garner and other leaders have stated repeatedly that in the event of the failure of any one part of the Democratic program, the new congress would be summoned. Leaders concede it will have not one, but many measures to deal with, running the complete gamut from mortgage-burdened farmers to prohibition, taxes, economy and wavering banks. CHIEF RAILROAD DIES HERE Albert A. Hyatt, 66, Will Be Buried Sunday in Danville, 111. Following an operation. Albert A. Hyatt. 66, of 5217 Broadway, chief dispatcher of the Peoria and Eastern railroad, died Tuesday at the Methodist hospital. Funeral services will be. held at 3 Saturday in the Flanner As Buchanan mortuary, 25 West Fall Creek boulevard. Burial will be in Danville. 111., Sunday. Mr. Hyatt was employed by the Big Four and Peoria & Eastern railroads for thirty-five years. He was a member of Capital City Lodge. F. and A. M.; the Scottish Rite and the Mystic Shrine. SIDES WITH~HUEY LONG Pennsylvania Man Attacks Glass Bill at Bankers’ Meeting. Siding with Senator Huey P. Long in his fight against the Glass banking bill, C. F. Zimmerman, Huntington, Pa., Pennsylvania Bankers’ Association secretary, Wednesday at the midwinter convention of the Indiana Bankers’ Association in the Claypool, urged retention of unit banking as opposed to federal branch banking. “The Glass bill is a dangerous one,” he said. “Its Section 19 would allow the large banking powers to shoulder the smaller banks out of the picture.” FLYING TACKLE HERO Youth Hears Woman's Screams, Nabs Alleged Purse Snatcher. Don Bugle, 26. alleged purse snatcher. was captured early Wednesday night when Richard Jones, 18, of 2505 East Tenth street, brought him down with a flying tackle at Tacoma and Ninth streets, after Mrs. Bertha Morse. 849 Tacoma avenue, screamed that her purse containing S2O, was taken from her.