Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 212, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 January 1933 — Page 14

PAGE 14

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'•>* - *oui Cue Light and th • People Will Und Their Own Way

FRIDAY. JAN. 13. 1933.

j, AN ECONOMY MEASURE. Written into the proposed changes of the highway commission law, designed to abolish the unsavory conditions which have existed for years in that department, is a proposal for real economy. The new board, composed of men who will work at the job instead of listening to politicians, salesmen and contractors, will have power to purchase materials from state institutions. The prisoners of this state could easily manufacture all the materials used in road building and save millions of dollars to the citizens. The state farm is located near one of the great cement producing districts of the state. Brick plants could be operated at both Pendleton and Michigan City. The bids received from the cement makers for the present year suggest the necessity for such action. The bids, with one exception, were identical. They called for an increase of 20 cents a barrel over the price paid last year. That suggests the lack of competition. The problem of how to use prison labor must be solved in advance of the operation of the national law which will prevent the export of prison-made goods across state lines. The logical customer of all such output is the state itself and new ways of using prison labor for state use must be devised. The purchase of road materials has always been conducted on a basis as to invite suspicion that politics and other factors had more to do with awards than a desire to save money for the people. If road materials can be manufactured by prisoners, the money saved might go far to pay the cost of the maintenance of these institutions, a burden growing and already intolerable. At the same time, men in prison can not be kept in idleness. Idle men rebel or go insane. The replacement of the present highway commission with one framed along lines that guarantee greater economy and more efficiency is plainly indicated. When to it is attached a measure for state use of prison-made materials, no member of the legislature should hesitate to approve. THE RECEIVER RACKET Every holder of an insurance policy—which includes most of the families in the United States—is a creditor of the railroads and thus has a financial stake in the pending debtor relief legislation. Allowing reorganization through debt reduction or moratorium by agreement with a reasonable portion of the creditors, rather than by the longer and often disastrous bankruptcy method, the proposed law would give emergency relief to a wide range of corporate and individual debtors who are victims of the depression. But, because of the large number of citizens affected, directly and indirectly, no part of the legislation will be more important than that covering the railroads. It is common knowledge that the bankruptcy racket has been particularly bad in the past in the case of certain railroads which fell victims to unwise or unscrupulous bankers. Experience shows that the courts alone can not afford adequate protection or regulation of these vast and complicated reorganizations; there are too many loopholes in the law, and the judges are too busy and too inexperienced in this highly specialized field. Costly experience also shows that the sole federal agency equipped for such expert supervision of railroad reorganization, the interstate commerce commission, lacks sufficient legal authority. President Hoover, in his special message to congress on Wednesday, stated: ••The provision (of the proposed law) dealing with corporate reorganizations should be applicable to railroads, and in such cases the plan of reorganization should not become effective until approved by the interstate commerce commission.” This purpose can not be achieved, according to the experts, unless the powers of the I. C. C. are increased. First, the I. C. C. should have full authority in dealing with a given reorganization from the beginning, rather than come in belatedly after bankers or others have set up dummy organizations to escape the courts. Second, the I. C. C. should have adequate control of the railway during the entire process of reorganization, with division of authority and jurisdictional conflict reduced to a minimum. Too many killings have been made by Wall Street in this field of railroad reorganization. The public pays. For the new law to wipe out the need for technical foreclosure proceedings is all to the good, but that will eliminate one of the few existing safeguards. Therefore, at the same time the law should set up other and better safeguards for the average unprotected stock and bond owners, including the little fellow, whose all is in an insurance policy or a savings bank. The proposed law may make a bad racket worse, unless it gives the interstate commerce commission full protective powers. TAXATION AND RECOVERY The new income tax plan proposed by the Democrats at their New York conference will not prove very reassuring to those who look for progressive legislation from the President-elect. His stand upon taxation must be regarded as a major test of his realism in attacking our economic problems and in putting us back on the road to prosperity. The income tax plan proposed at the New York conference flies right in the face of sound economics as applied both to just taxation and to the restoration of prosperity. If there is any bed-rock proposition in this whole situation, it is that taxes must be made as light as possible on the consuming masses with incomes of less than $5,000. The necessary burden of increased taxation must be thrown on those with relatively large incomes. There is no possible chance of restoring prosperity unless the purchasing power of the great mass

of Americans is preserved and, if possible, strengthened. The standard McGraw-Hill publication, “The Business Week,” makes this proposition very clear. The great majority of manufactured goods and agricultural products, including those on which sales taxes would be levied, are purchased by families with incomes under $3,000, about three-fifths by families with incomes under $2,000, and about one-fifth by families with incomes under SI,OOO. Families with incomes of $3,000 and less paid 73 per cent of the total amount spent for consumer’s goods and services, but had only 30 per cent of the total national savings. Families with incomes of more than $3,000 paid only 27 per cent of the total amount spent for consumer's goods and services, but had 70 per cent of the total savings. Indeed, in 1929, some 28,000,000 families with incomes under $3,000 spent $65,143,000,000 and saved $3,746,000,000—1e5s than one-sixteenth of what they spent. The 513 persons with incomes of more than $1,000,000, spent $87,000,000 and saved $1,045,000,000 — twelve times as much as they spent and nearly onethird as much as was saved by 28,000,000 families. These figures are devastating in their implications as to sound progressive taxation policy. If we want prosperity, we must have increased purchasing power. So far as taxation is involved, this can be secured only through lifting the burden on the masses and raising heavier taxes from the very wealthy, who save much and spend relatively little. Proceeds from the taxation of the latter must be put in the hands of the masses through public works projects, unemployment insurance and the like. This strategy is sound from the most resolutely capitalistic point of view, for, as Benjamin Marsh of the People s Lobby expresses it, “the most productive investment of capital in America today is to enable those who produce it to consume.” The tax plan suggested at the New York conference of Democrats defies progressive economic doctrine. It proposes, for example, to raise the tax on a $3,000 income from S2O to S6O; and on a $4,000 income from S6O to $l2O. At the same time, it would raise the tax on an income of $50,000 from $6,600 to only $10,840; on an income of SIOO,OOO from $30,100 to $33,980; on an income of $500,000 from $203,600 to $283,480. DO-NOTHING DIRECTORS The suit brought by stockholders against the directors of an American subsidiary of the wrecked Kreuger & Toll corporation lor the return of some $35,000,000 is text for a well-deserved sermon on the subject of a corporation director and his duty. This duty is conceived oy the Magazine of Wall Street, without mentioning names, as embracing more than attendance upon directors’ meetings and the drawing of S2O gold pieces. “There are many things that this country needs, but one of the more conspicuous of them is directors who direct,” says this magazine. “We have observed a notable increase m this category, largely due to hard times retrospection on the part of directors concerning what might have been if they had paid more attention to the dictionary and less to the title. “This spontaneous improvement will be accelerated by a few more damage suits and become a stampede if they are successful. We haven’t much sympathy with congress, but brass-hat directors who sit in their clubs and berate that body should remember that they are the congress of business. Have do-nothing directors done any better than donothing congressmen?” PUBLIC BUSINESS A healthy and honest attitude toward public business was demonstrated when the Democratic leadership of the house pushed through the Howard bill requesting the Reconstruction Finance corporation to reveal loans it made in secret early last year. Rumors and claims notwithstanding, we have yet to hear factually of any harm that has come from publication of R. F. C. loans. But more important than this is the evident intention on the part of Democrats to make public business public. Now if Representative Edgar Howard can win his fight against the other secret practices of congresssuch as executive sessions cf committees and secret meetings of conferees —he will have attained a worthy goal. The moon draws the United States and England closer together at certain times, scientists tell us. Maybe that’s what made her appear so imminent to the wets a few weeks ago. A hypocrite is a man who prays for delivery from temptation and then slips out to the auto show. A woman Is Speaker of the North Dakota house of representatives—and of a lot of other houses, too, for that matter.

Just Plain Sense —. BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

'T'HE important topic now is technocracy. But A righ this minute I am far more concerned about what is happening to English grammar. One feels now’ and then the dangerous impermanency of the world in which w’e live, especially w’hen the standards of spoken and WTitten English crumble under us. I think a person who has spent many years of a busy life trying to learn the proper use of “will” and “shall” is justified in expressing resentment against the educators when they suddenly “right-about-face” on all the old rules. Yet the National Council of English Teachers— God save the mark—recently voted to approve such bad colloquialisms as “It is me,” “Who are you looking for?” “Invite w’hoever you wish,” “had rather” and they have made “farther and further” and “shall” and “will” synonomous. Those of us who have labored and sweated through the years trying to meet the requirements of the pedagogs now find ourselves facing anew world. It is almost as disconcerting as if one found that two and two do not make four. tt tt a TT seems that the crudities of American speech are A not yet sufficiently widespread to satisfy the teachers. And once the dike is down, where will the flood cease? If certain fundamentals of grammar no longer are dependable, and we are going to revise textbooks to suit the questionable taste of the hack writer and the slovenly speaker, how long will it be, do you suppose, before we hear again that sagging carelessness of “I taken it” or even the more reprehensible “I seen” or “I have saw”? The jargon one hears from young people who possess high school diplomas, and that passes for good English or even good American, is enough to make you wonder what the teachers have been doing. Now we know. They’ve stopped working. And to Justify their failure, they propose to rewrite the grammars to suit the exigencies of the unblushingly commonplace. Oh, shades of Mr. Reed and Mr. Kellogg I

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Unhappy Days Are Here Again—- / |T‘S AU. RIGHT? \ / \ 1 / YOU SHOULD \ OR \ MINc I INCREASE TAXES-) Ml kip j V 1 V ‘“'V

■■■■■ SCIENCE " = Neutron Not a ‘Blend’ BY DAVID DIETZ ■—

SCIENCE will have to construct anew picture of the interior of the atom dining 1933. That seems likely as a result of the latest word from the Cavendish laboratory of the University of Cambridge, where Dr. J. C. Chadwick and his associates discovered the neutron last year. They announce now that the neutron is a distinct particle and not a combination of any sort of electrons. The neutron was discovered during experiments to disintegrate or smash atoms. In the course of these experiments, it was discovered that particles about the size of electrons sometimes were released from the smashed atoms. But'these particles moved much faster than electrons and, unlike electrons, exhibited no electric charge. Until discovery of the neutron, scientists had found two types of particles in the atoms of matter, the positive and the negative electron. The positive electron now is called the proton. When the term electron is used, the negative electron is meant. It at first was thought that the neutron was a combination of a proton and an electron. It was pointed out that the positive charge of the one would neutralize the negative charge of the other, thus furnishing a neutral or uncharged particle.* It seems, however, that more recent work in the laboratory rules out this possibility. tt tt tt Discovery of Electron IT is interesting to trace the growth of our knowledge of the structure of the atom. It is entirely a twentieth century history. Until almost the close of the nineteenth century, scientists took it for granted that the atoms of matter wire indivisible. It was the discovery of X-rays in 1895, followed by discoveries of radio-activity and radium in the years following, that made scientists realize that atoms were divisible. The researches of Lord Rutherford and Prof. Soddy showed that the atoms of radium were spontaneously disintegrating into component parts. The first constituent of the atom to be recognized was the electron. It was observed at once that the electric charge of the electron was negative. Early attempts were made to explain the formation of atoms as configurations of electrons immersed in some sort of sphere of positive electricity. Then Lord Rutherford—Prof. Rutherford at the time—showed that the atom possessed a nucleus and that the positive charge was concentrated in the nucleus . Models of the atom then were constructed which resembled the solar system. The central nucleus was compared to the sun while the electrons were believed to revolve around it, just as the planets re’volve around the sun. . Lord Rutherford and many other experimenters in all parts of the world, turned their atten-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE ~ Correct Child’s Defects Early ■ BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

IN Gr at Britain during 1931 almo t 2,000,000 school children •were e: amined by physicians and health officers, with a view to determining the presence of corcorrectible defects. Moreover, an additional million children were studied because of the occurence of unusual symptoms or conditions. The three million chilct-en examined represent almost 60 per cent of the total number attending school in the lower grades. The commonest defects found, in their order of frequency, were: Skin disease, large tonsils and adenoids, defects of vision, eye diseases apart from cross-eyes, other disorders of the nose and throat, malnutrition, infection of the ear, squint—or cross-eyes, deformities, defects of hearing, and nervous diseases. Six hundred thousand of the children were found to have correctible defects, of one type or another.

tion to attempts at smashing the nucleus. In fact, when we speak of smashing the atom, we really mean smashing the nucleus, since the outer electrons seem to be held very loosely and to be lost and regained with great ease. tt tt tt Proton Was Found TN time, the positive electron, or A proton, was identified. It now is believed that the lightest of all atoms, hydrogen, has a proton for a nucleus. One outer electron is associated with this proton. It was thought that the heavier atoms had nuclei built up of combinations of protons and electrons, while numbers of outer electrons, ranging from two for helium to ninety-two for uranium, were associated with these nuclei. At first, it was assumed that the outer electrons revolved around the nuclei. This picture of the atom as a miniature of the solar system reached its height in the Bohr theory, developed by Dr. Neils Bohr of Copenhagen, who had been a student of Lord Rutherford. It seems more likely today, however, due to the studies of Prince De Broglie and Professor Schroedinger, that the motions of the electrons are far more complex. But if the neutron is a distinct particle, it means that we must make changes in our notion of the interior of the atom comparable to those occasioned by discovery of the electron itself. Scientists were rather pleased with the nation that there were just two fundamental particles of matter, the proton and the electron. On the other hand, it always was a source of mystery why the proton was so very much heavier than the electron. It would seem as though if there were just two fundamental particles in the universe that they ought to be exactly alike except for their electric charge. Now the neutron enters the field as a third, and if there are three, perhaps there ar others, as yet undiscovered. Questions and Answers Q —Was congress controlled by the Democrats during both of President’s Wilson’s administrations? A—Congress was Democratic in both branches until-the last two years of his administration. The sixty-sixth congress, that convened May 19, 1919, had a Republican majority in both houses. Q —How can zinc articles be cleaned? A—Make a paste of rye bran, stirred into boiling water, add a handful of silver sand and a little vitriol. Rub the zinc with this paste, rinse with water, dry, and polish with a cloth.

Editor Journal ot the American Medical Association and of Hvteia, the Health Magazine. THE authorities emphasized particularly the necessity for proper co-operation between the physician and the family, as well as inspection by the school nurse to detect defects at the earliest possible moment and to secure suitable correction. In Great Britain attempts have been made to develop special classes for children with certain types of defect. It has been found that it is difficult to get children into a class called a stammering class, when they stutter and stammer, but it is a fairly simple matter to get them to attend a speech class. Great Britain also is paying special attention to the question of the preschool child; that is, the child between 1 and 5. Twenty-seven per cent of such children are found to have physical or mental defects, including

Times Readers Voice Views... Editor Times—What is the matter with the south side? When the “Big Man from the North” condescended to come to Indianapolis and “show us” how to run a street car system, he gave the residents of the south side one of the hardest blows they ever have received in re-routing Shelby street cars over the now existing route. While it is true he has given us the latest thing in new cars, he has discommoded the people,, hurt rental property, forced some to ride the busses, others to get out their “flivvers,’’ caused some to walk, and incidentally reduced the income of the street car company. Some will be forced to move to other parts of the city, where they hope to get better and more convenient service. This condition has been brought about by routing the cars from Virginia avenue over South street to Illinois street and then north. If he could have selected a dirtier, more rotten, and inconvenient route, we suppose he would have done so. We have no objection whatsoever to the running of bars out Illinois street; that part is O. K„ but we want them run over Maryland or Washington street west from Virginia avenue, eliminating the hardships he has forced upon us. He also has done an irreparable injury to the city market, causing many customers to discontinue patronizing it on account of the long walk to and from Illinois street. Again: What is the matter with the south side? Residents of the south side have taken so many hard blows on the chin that this last one has about knocked them out completely. We are sending out the S. O. S., but we have about lost all hope. A TIMES READER.

It Seems to Me .... by Heywood Broun

I KNEW De Pachmann, ‘ who died in Rome last week, and among the artists he was rare in that he lived up to the most fantastic and fictional concept of the great musician. If a playwright undertook to set him down as a character in a comedy, any audience , would be dubious as to the authenticity of the figure. It would seem as if the dramatist strained too much after a bizarre effect. And yet the eccentricities of the man were not affectations. I always felt that a sound philosophy underlay his curious concert manners. I note that Leopold Godowsky has referred to him as a “miniaturist.” “His field,” says the composer, “was limited, but within its narrow range he was supreme and inimitable.” Underneath Godowsky’s compliment I seem to catch some

minor degrees of dental and visual disorder. In these children the defects most commonly found are dental decay, rickets, disease of the tonsils and adenoids, anemia, abnormalities of the heart and rheumatic symptoms. IT is exceedingly important that children of this age who suffer with correctible defects be found at the earliest possible moment, because disease in the years from 1 to 5 may make a lasting impression on the health of the child. A survey of this report from Great Britain indicates that the care of both the preschool child and the school child in the United States is better in general than that given to children abroad. American methods of organization and the general interest of physicians in the care of the child in this country seem to have led to the type of co-operation among physicians, parents, and health departments which yields the best result*.

M.E. Tracy Says:

WHY NOT CURB MACHINES?

TIME was when humanity tolerated the unlimited power of men. and not only tolerated but glorified it as the only means of maintaining order and preserving government*. Time was when despotism of the most ruthless sort was considered not only necessary, but desirable. Time was when the idea of putting any check on the power of leadership found little favor with even the best minds. You know this as well as I do. and you know

how men were forced to abandon the philosophy. You know that the civilized world no longer believes in unlimited pewer of government or in the theory of permitting any individual or group of indivduals to exercise it for an unlimited period of time. You know that in this country we elect a President every four years and that custom decrees a maximum of two terms. You know that a new British parliament must be elected once every five years, if not oftener, that the French president holds office for only seven years, and that most governments definitely are restrained from doing certain things by constitutional provision. a a a Why Not Apply Idea to Machines? IN other words, humanity has come to recognize the necessity of curbing the ambition, greed, and ingenuity of strong personalities. Now why hasn t somebody thought of applying the same idea to machines? Why do we assume that a machine must be good, no matter how much havoc it creates or suffering it causes? Leisure, of course, is the great excuse, but how much leisure do we want and what are we going to do with it? We are going to study and be cultivated, say some, but to what end? Large numbers of people have found leisure in the past, but they spent vastly more effort in finding ways to get rid of their surplus physical energy than in becoming cultivated. The leisure made possible in our colleges runs largely to sports, wild parties, and novel ideas, particularly with regard to sex. The leisure made possible in ancient Rome found its greatest expression in brutal pastimes. tt tt tt Old Issue Faced in New Form 'T'HE leisure made possible in seventeenth and eighteenth century A France led to another, though scarcely less obnoxious, form of high jinks. There is little reason to suppose that leisure made possible through machine despotism would turn out any differently from that made possible by human despotism. The deadening influence of dependence on the one hand, and discipline on the other, goes with both. Bitter experience taught our forefathers to weigh the disadvantages of human despotism against its benefits. The responsibility of providing t food, shelter, clothing and ideas can not be shoved off on any concentrated form of power without shriveling the intellect of those who profit by it. We have come to a very old issue in anew form. We merely should have to fight our way back over ancient battlegrounds if we permitted mechanical power to be made the basis of tyranny. Wise limitation appears the only alternative.

Every Day Religion - BY DR. JOSEPH FORT NEWTON _

TvON’T pity! Help! A-' So runs the slogan on a poster to be seen all over America in these dismal days, when life is a grim fight against hunger in our cities. It is effective and to the point of the situation. Sob stuff is cheap; the time has come for all to act, and act together, if tragedy, appalling and unbelievable, is not to befall our people. It makes us think of the famous sermon which Dean Swift preached for charity in Dublin. He tooK for his text the words: “He that giveth to the poor lendeth to the Lord.” His entire sermon consisted of one sentence, but it said everything: “You that like the terms, down with the dust.” No one ever forgot that terse, timely, telling sermon, without frill or flourish, and it hit the target. To a man in dire distress, if not actual misery, John Wesley wrote a letter of warm sympathy. But the letter was only the “text,” and he added what he called an “expository note”—in other words, a five-pound bank note. it a tt TT was the most effective way A of “expounding” his feelings, and that is the kind of commentary we must write on our words of pity today. Sympathy is noble, but we must do something definite about it. But that is not all—one wishes the slogan had been Pity and

hint of view which always has appeared to me heretical. I refer to that state of mind which witholds something from the artist who does not choose to spread himself across vast surfaces. tt it tt Among Larger Pygmies AND that is a notion which leads us to such palpable absurdities as figures carved upon the sides of mountains and “the largest mural paintings in the world.” Not to mention that giant motion picture theater which was but lately the world’s largest music hall. De Pachmann may not have belonged among the great pianists, but he was supreme as an interpreter of Chopin. It was some English critic years ago who referred to him as the Chopinazee. And there was much in this pun to meet the eye, for De Pachmann was curiously squat in figure, with long arms and hands disproportionately large. When the mood was on him, he seemed almost to swing back and forth upon a grand piano. I heard him play several times in his apartment here, and once in a Carnegie hall concert, which infuriated many of the better critics. He had become old and his eccentricities had grown upon him, but he remained for all that in a state of grace. To him a piano was an intimate instrument, and as a “miniaturist,” Carnegie hall presented a canvas too large for his scope or interest. He liked to play where four or five were gathered together. “There are too many fools in any thousand,” he once said. a tt Obscure, Erroneous FOR reasons obscure and erroneous, De Pachmann drew the impression that I was a person of musical understanding. It is true ' that I loved to hear him and sat i as rapt as any connoisseur while i he played. But when he talked to | me in technical terms, I managed ! to conceal my ignorance by offer- ! ing only assent and never any 1 comment.

-JAN. 13, 1933

- i

TRACY

Help, for It implies that pity is a kind of amiable weakness. No so. It is one of the mightiest forces on earth. In the wonderful story of “Rab and His Friends,” when the students in the hospital crowd into the operating room, they seem careless and heartless; but they are not. •‘Don’t think them heartless," said the good physician. "In them pity, as an emotion, ending in itself, or at best in tears and longdrawn breath, lessens, while pity as a motive is quickened, and gains power and purpose. It is well for poor human nature that it is so.” Yes, indeed; and when this terrible time has passed, pity as a motive must not end. It must make use of all the facts of science, and the finest sagacity, put an end to the crazy, clumsy plight we are in, when people starve in a world where there is too much food. (Copyright, 1933. United Features Syndicate*

Daily Thought

Lord, thou wilt ordain peace for us: for thou also hast wrought all our works in us.— Isaiah 26:12. tt a u Blessedness is promised to the peacemaker, not to conqueror.—Quarles.

They kept most of the notice* from the old man after his lasi Carnegie Hall appearance, bat he hit upon one or two which were severe and said to three of us who were his friends, “You liked; that is enough.” He was insulated happily against criticism, for anybody who praised him became at once a great musician and the rest either were i ignorant or malicious. I think the attitude always has been a useful one to creative artists. Asa pianist I felt that De Pachmann was always reaching out and trying to bring people in closer to himself and the keyboard upon which he perched. His style of concert was not unlike what the older vaudeville theater called a pianologue. There was always a running fire of comment from the performer himself. “Bravo, De Pachmann!” he would say to himself in a loud voice as he played a passage and found his interpretation excellent. And he would throw in little bits of autobiography and reminiscence as he went along. It was in Carnegie Hall, as I remember, that he prefaced one piece by saying, I once heard Mme. Schumann Play this. Oh, my Gold!” a an Both Words and Music TOURING a waltz the old " gentleman sometimes would get up from the piano stool, cavort about for a step or so, and then sit down again. And always there was a muttering and a chattering from him as he swung high in the treetops, intoxicated by the sounds w'hich he brought forth from the big black box. Temperament is an ungainly thing unless it is part of the organic structure of an individual. I do not like to see any artist slip into a mannerism as if it were a garment. But these moods of De Pachmann were in his marrow. It seemed to me then and it seems to me now that the finest of all who deal with sound and shape and color must be those who look upon their own creation and cry out aloud, ‘'Bravo!’* (CoDjrislit. 1933. by Tto Tlm)