Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 204, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 January 1933 — Page 6

PAGE 6

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Rot w. Howard President BOYD GUR LET Editor EARL D. RAKER Ruslnes* Manager Phone —Riley 5531

I" TM

Member of United Pre?*, ScrippsHoward Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland st-eet. Indianapolis. Ind. Price Iri Marion county. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a Tear; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month.

Gift Li'jht and th * People Will Find Thrir O ten Wat/

WEDNESDAY. JAN. 4 1933.

JAPAN WILL PAY Japan is at it again. Last year when she extended her military conquest of Manchuria and made her bloody gesture at Shanghai, it frequently was reported that her aim also was to grab the north China area, south of the great wall. Now with her reported capture of Shanhaikwan, the key wall city which commands the Gulf of Liaotung, Japan is in position to spring at Tientsin and Peiping, the northern capital, or take Jchol province, behind Manchuria. The occupation of Shanhaikwan was almost an exact replica of the seizure of the Manchurian capital of Chinchow just a year ago, or rather the Japanese excuses were the same. There was the same Japanese order for Chinese troops to retire from Chinese territory, the same Japanese bombing of a city, the same general mobilization of Japanese troops in surrounding areas usually preparatory for a wide advance. What the treaty nations will do in face of this latest treaty violation by Japan is not clear—probably nothing. The United States already has put itself on record, through the Hoover-Stimson doctrine, withholding recognition of agreements and territory obtained by force and in violation of the treaties. Rut Great Britain and France, in playing Japan’s game, have sidetracked efforts of the smaller nations to have the League of Nations act on the Lytton report and in behalf of the treaties. The United States can go no farther alone. Effective peace action—even of a diplomatic character—must be international; and international action is blocked by the European powers which have deserted the treaties to go over to the side of militaristic Japan. Though Japan apparently is safe from international pressure, nevertheless she probably will pay and pay heavily in the end. She is awakening and unifying China against her, and thus not only destroying her largest market, but militarizing a lasting enemy stronger than herself. At the same time Japan is forcing Russia, in selfprotection, to complete another military railroad to the danger area, to concentrate a large number of troops, and otherwise prepare for a probable future war In which 600 million Russians and Chinese will defeat eighty million Japanese. Meanwhile, at home, Japan drifts closer to governmental bankruptcy, unbearable taxes to maintain the militarists, and extreme exploitation and suffering which usually end in revolutionary explosion. Maybe not today or tomorrow, but some day Japan will pay. WHERE DID THE SAVINGS GO? An important point usually overlooked in accounting for the depth and duration of the depression is what became of the money the masses had accumulated by the time the depression broke upon us. This issue is comprehensively analyzed by David H. Jackson, an eminent Chicago lawyer and formerly head of the Illinois securities department. His contribution is contained in a chapter on “What Are Financial Rackets?” in the slashing new book edited by Ernest D. MacDougall on “Crime for Profit” (Stratford), the most complete and authoritative volume yet devoted to the increasingly important problem of mercenary crime. Mr. Jackson punctures the common illusion that it has been mainly the rich who have lost as a result of the Wall Street crash, the shrinkage of security values, the slump in real estate, foreclosures, receiverships, closed banks and the like. The rich lost, but most of their losings was done with "other people’s money,” to use Justice Brandeis’ classic phrase. Granting that the bulk of Americans did not get their just share of the national income before 1929, yet if they had been able to use what money they had saved when the crisis came upon us, purchasing power could have been kept up. The depression could have been mitigated and flattened out. But they did not have all their savings, even in 1929, and their losses have rolled up since, in the very years when need was greatest. Where did the money go? Jackson answers this in his clear summary of the development of financial rackets in the last decade. The speculative mania made countless honest, but innocent men and women victims of downright swindlers, who sold them bogus stock of no value whatsoever. Bucket shops swiped by devious methods the money left by customers for stock purchases or switched their clients from good to worthless securities—usually by telephone conversations which could not be used as evidence in prosecutions. Their total toll was about $2,000,000,000 yearly—enough to float a great public, works enterprise. Others, eager to swell their fortunes, entered Wall Street and played the hopeless game against the loaded dice of insiders with their price pegging, pools, short selling, and other manipulations. These securities have shrunk to the tune of $70,000,000,000 since 1929. More conservative persons sought "mortgage houses, which once upon a time boasted that they never had lost a dollar for their clients.” But these mortgage houses had changed their methods and ideals. In the old days, they bought good mortgage bonds on conservative real estate developments, which were needed for residences, offices and factories. In the later days, some of them instigated and engineered absurdly unnecessary building, so as to float great bond issues to sell for pecuniary profit to the trusting lambs. The lambs held the bag when foreclosures, receiverships and evaporated bond values came along. More billions were dropped here. The most conservative people simply put their money in banks. "Formerly the bank of deposit used its surplus money for Investments primarily purchased for itself. The profits of the bank cajne from the surplus of interest on the investments and loans of the bank over the low costs of operation.” But in the golden days before 1929. ‘ the banker was Just a merchant or a broker, selling securities on which he was making a large profit.” Along came the crash. Depositors already had! lost some

of their money in bad investments made at the advice of the banker-broker. But the worst was to come. More than 4,000 banks have failed in the United States during the depression. Many others have closed temporarily and frozen the resources of their depositors. Still more billions had slipped away. Therefore, to unemployment we have added the accompanying evaporation of the savings of the masses, as a result of everything from downright financial theft to speculative madness on the part of some bankers of upright intent. As the penalty, the depression threatens to become a real struggle for existence. If financial leaders of the country will not of themselves develop a conscience as to the use of “other people’s money,” then it is high time that the government should act. As Jackson well says, “Just why Wallingford shall be condemned for lying openly to a poor investor, and a banker can hide behind a circular which he knows will deceive his customers, is beyond me.” MRS. MOSKOWITZ Mrs Belle Moskowitz entered politics as a social worker. She was a pioneer in the national playground movement, and in rarly efforts to improve wages and working conditions of garment makers in New York City. In both fields she showed qualities of patience, idealism and personal charm which made for real accomplishment. She was best known in recent years as, one of Alfred E. Smith's political aids. Few knew of the advice on social and economic problems she brought to the council hall, and what a part she played in modernizing and humanizing the government of New York state. It was ner desire to extend these ideals and advancements to the national field that animated her to the end. Her death leaves a gap m the ramus of men and women who regard politics as a social science rather than a selfish game. President Hoover has received twenty tons of personal mail since he’s been in the White House. And still they say letters to the President don’t carry any weight. Next to paying his own income tax, one of the hardest things a fellow nas . c bear is seeing some one else get a $50,000 rebate from the government. A whole new race of creatures, tracing their ancestry to man, will popula f e the earth 500,000.000 years from now, a scientist declares. Well, the pollywogs in the ooze didn’t worry; why should we? Electrical appliance manufacturers may claim the credit for “getting mother out of the kitchen,” but it was the social room that got the ashes out of the basement. High school youths who got behind in their studies deserve sympathetic counseling by their parents. Maybe it is the embarrassment of having to ride to school in nothing better than a fourcylinder car The run of books is growing cleaner and they're brushing up plays and movips, but pearl gray fedoras keep on getting smutty in spite of everything. While congress is sharpened up on fractional percentages "by weight” and "by volume,” it might be a good time to increase the glue content of a postage stamp. Football would be a better game if half of the rules were junked, says Gill Dobie. Cornell coach. And then if coaches could resist making changes every year in the 50 per cent they salvage, the fans would ask no more. At any rate, as Mr. Hoover would attest, technocracy can't make a fish strike when it doesn’t want to. If there’s one thing more conspicuous just now than father’s Christmas tie, it’s the bright new license plates on the old family bus. Those cosmopolitan souls with broad interests who like a bit of everything should be having a great time right now with pumpkin pie. The old debate flares again: Should college football players be subsidized or allowed to rake leaves now and then for, say, SI,OOO a semester?

Just Plain Sense __ j BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON —-

T AM always dubious when I hear business women giving advice about, home and family management to housewives. The suspicion that they know little about their subject will not down. And sometimes they become as bombastic as tjte man who declares that he could run the house efficiently by working a mere half-hour a day. The latter, of course, speaks from the depths of a vast ignorance. And the woman who never has run a home generally does likewise.. Yet no one is more ready to instruct wives and mothers as to how they shall live and what they shall do than their sisters who have made outside careers for themselves. Indeed, most of the excellent formulas for happiness in the home emanate from the typewriters of those who never have done a day's kitchen work in their lives. You will have noticed. I am sure, how fond those women are of cooking who never have to cook. tt a tt IT is unfortunate, indeed, that a chasm has developed between the home and the business woman. And it grows wider every day. That is the result of our natural human failing, which causes us to think we can regulate the other fellow's business better than he can. Women, for the sake of their own future and the future of the country, should be more tolerant of one another. It is stupid, for instance, for the housewife to assume that every girl who works in an office has a perfectly spiffy time and conducts herself like the average movie gold digger, or that such a girl does not work as hard or often much harder than she herself does. But then it is equally stupid for the woman in business or the professions to contend that all housekeepers should be gay and glad and chipper at the end of a long day of dishwashing and cooking and sweeping, and to insist that there is nothing much to be done around home except loaf and play bridge. Asa matter of fact, nobody has a perfect cinch these days. The important thing for each of us is to do our job as well and cheerfully as we can, and to fight the intolerance and misunderstanding that rears its ugly head between us.f

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES '.

ELECTRIC CURRENCY THAT KEASURES ALL VALUES jN KILOWATTS IS BEtNfr ADVOCATED*

y / VOLTS |V* — ——-y^

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—Some time ago your paper carried an article headed "Communism a Foe to Christianity,” by Dr. Wilson of Detroit. The doctor either willfully lies or is ignorant of facts. True, it is against the un-Christian teachings of religion and tolerates nothing but facts. It does not permit teachings of "Chauvinism and hatred.” It doesn't teach that it is right for one class to starve and exploit the other, doesn’t permit poor, innocent children to starve or be thrown from homes into the street to make profit for some "Christian business man. It teachers and enforces brotherly love. As tradition teaches us, Christ was crucified. Why? Didn’t he revolutionize the teachings of the old Bible, overthrow the money changers in the temple and rebelled against the order of the day? Weren't the teachings of the old Bible Chauvinism, and didn’t Christ throw out his arms and proclaim so to the whole world? Did he discriminate against his fellow-man because he wasn’t a Jew, or abuse the foreigner, Catholic, Negro or mongrel? He sought out and comforted the needy and down-trod-den. He attempted to teach “true Christianity” to the world and was crucified. Didn’t the Apostle Paul say, "There is a division among you, which ought not to be?” Religious superstition and false teaching have held the masses in poverty long enough. Let truth and light shine through. We must throw of! the shackles and become a free pleople. Communism tolerates and is true Christianity itself. The Baptist, church claims to-ex-ercise more freedom today in Russia than before. In fact, a clause in the Russian constitution guarantees to ail workers real freedom of conscience, separation of church and state, church and school, and freedom of religious and anti-religious propagahda. We have a similar clause in our Constitution, but church dominates state, school and politics, the latter being very evident against Smith in 1928. Which country is living Christianity? Which God do we choose to follow; One who permits and teaches that it is the divine wish to starve poor people and poor, innocent, helpless children to death for profit, or one who teaches “Help thy brother as thyself,” throughout the world, no more bloody wars to make profit, and let each one live and produce for the benefit of humanity? You do not put on Communism. The way of a Communist is selfsacrificing and hard. You must be "Born again, with a true humanitarian spirit.” We have ministers, rabbi and priests who would teach the truth, if they could. Also some men of wealth have conscience and convictions, but all are “slaves of the system.” Imagine the minister of John D.’s church criticising him for his tactics of starvation in the coal re-

— DAILY HEALTH SERVICE = ■ - Indigestion Has Variety of Causes

THE term, “indigestion,” so widely is used to imply so many different things that it almost has lost its real significance. The term implies poor digestion, but actually may represent trouble with the stomach, the gall bladder, the mouth, the intestines, or the liver. Drs. Julius Fried enwald and Samuel Morrison, writing on indigestion in Hygeia, direct attention to the fact that there maybe trouble from excessive acidity of the stomach, chronic inflammation or stones in the gall bladder, failure to digest food which then ferments, and in some cases purely nervous diseases in which there actually is no fundamental weakness of the tissues. After describing the way in which digestion actually occurs, they call attention psrticularly to the symptoms which people usually suffer with either indigestion or dyspepsia. There is a sense of fullness, vague pain, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. * a a IN a few cases indigestion takes place because people’s teeth are so bad that the food is not chewed

Simply Shocking!

gions of Kentucky, or of Henry Ford’s for the massacre of unemployed in Detroit. They must be looked up to as Christian leaders of their community. Some ministers do muster courage to preach their convictions. They are ostracised, their congregation divided, or their churches closed. A good example of this is the Bishop Manning and the Rev. Dodd case in New York. Os course, we don’t need to leave home to find it, either. There will be mass misery, starvation, Fascism, terror and persecution, but when the masses pull

So They Say

I owe thanks to Greek justice for the sympathy expressed.— Samuel Insult Sr., former Chicago utilities magnate, upon refusal by Greece to grant his extradition to the United States. The Governor of Oklahoma apologizes only to his equals.— Governor W. H. (Alfalfa Bill) Murray of Oklahoma. I think a balanced budget is the cornerstone of recovery.— Speaker John Nance Garner, Vice-President-elect. I want to retire in time and give the young people a chance.— Antonio Scotti, barytone, on eve of his retirement from the Metropolital Opera Company. If the Indian is lazy it is because the government has made him so by supervising every deof the Ogallala Sioux tribe, tail in his life.—Chief Wi-hi-ni-pa nephew of Sitting Bull.

Every Day Religion • BY DR. JOSEPH FORT NEWTON

IN ancient Florence, in the days of Savonarola, the mighty preacher, the hearts of men were stirred deeply. Touched by the sad lot of the poor, they opened "The Bank of Pi,” where people could borrow money without ruinous interest rates. What a name, itself a stroke of art, showing us how to do beautiful things in a beautiful way. Later, as the flaming eloquence of the preacher melted their hearts, the people built a “Bonfire of the Vanities.” What a picture—men bringing the frills of fashion, the gewgaws of pride and show, and burning them in the city square, vowing before God to live more simply! In his story of “Tuscan Cities,” Howells tells of the Brothers Misericordia in Florence, who went about masked and wearing robes of disguise to do acts of merej 7 , helping families in direst need. They kept their masks and robes in a chapel, in locked and numbered drawers, so as to hide

BY DR. MORRIS FI3HBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medicall Association and of Hveeia. the Health Macaiine. properly or is swallowed too soon. Asa result, very little saliva is mixed with the food and the starches w'hich ought to be digested through action of the saliva are not really acted on fully. Proper chewing of food, rather than the bolting of large masses, is a fundamental step in prevention of indigestion. There are, of course, various diseases of the stomach itself which cause it to fail in its functions. These, however, are usually sufficiently serious to bring the person promptly to the attention of a physician, who, by the making of a careful examination, can determine the nature of the disturbance. A real examination of the condition underlying indigestion includes not only a careful record of the patient's experience in taking food, but also examinations of the excretions of the body, studies qf the blood, and analysis of the contents of the stomach

the religious mask from before their eyes, forget all prejudice and discrimination; anew day willl be born. Communism will sweep the world and there will be peace on earth, good will toward all men. WILLIAM GROVE. Editor Times—“Kokomo Firemen Salaries Cut.”—A bullseye for another city board of works to shoot at! Come on, let’s practice up and reduce these wartime salaries to present living conditions, not only for firemen, but for all public employes. Forget the selfishness and let’s try to live and let live. Love thy neighbor as thyself. Why overload the already overburdened taxpayer and unemployed for the selfish politicians? A real application along these lines will relieve a lot of unrest in our nation and lighten up our load of taxes. A TAXPAYER AND UNEMPLOYED. Editor Times —Just a little note to tell John M. O'Connor how narrowminded he is about the street car service. For the first thing, the rate is 7 cents. Where else will you find this fare for so much service? Before talking, find out how many men have been fired, and also take notice that the men get more money on one-man cars. Furthermore it is impossible to be hurt on the new street cars as you mentioned. So wake up, and don’t forget your mother and wife are much safer with the new street cars, as you are yourself. We have the best street car service in the country. Who says we haven’t? E. A. BELL.

their identity even from their fellow ministers of mercy. Each put on his robe and mask by day or night, lest his neighbor in distress might see his face or know him by his garb. tt tt tt ON another page of the same book Howells tells how, when the city of Siena, for some offense, was under a temporary interdict, a citizen, out of devotion to his city, carried a little model of the city hall his cloak, so that when he got a blessing for himself he got it also for the city he loved. How much we need beauty in our lives, not simply as a decoration, but as a loveliness inwrought. Why should we not be experts in knowing what is good to do, but also artists in the way we do it? Any act, if done with skill, taste and tact, is a thing of beauty, if it be only a gesture of courtesy or a work of sympathy. (Copyright. 1933. United Features Svndicatei

wTien removed with a stomach tube, and X-ray pictures which show whether the stomach is in proper position and whether its outlines are intact. tt B tt npHE treatment of indigestion depends definitely on the cause. The physician will probably advise a diet suitable to the individual patient. He will study whether the bowels act sufficiently. He will determine whether any of the diseases mentioned are present. In most cases he will advise care in avoiding the use of foods that are either too cold or too hot. Sometimes he will recommend the treatment of minor infections in the teeth, the tonsils, and the throat, which may be associated w.:h disturbances of eating and digestion. In cases where failure to enjoy food and to digest it properly, depend on nervous conditions, it is advisable to establish a good hygienic routine, with proper rest and exercise, particularly enough sleep, and also the overcoming of various fears and doubts in the patient’s social life.

M. E. Tracy Says:

TECHNOCRACY? NEW MADNESS

TECHNOCRACY, they call it—the idea of subordinating everything to scientific management—just as though we had more than scratched the surface or could produce anything more spiritual than a ten-ton truck. Have we gone mad with a little knowledge, or is this only another manifestation of the time-honored urge to seize on any plausible excuse for advocating some form of all-inclusive rule?

Technocracy, plutocracy, aristocracy, theocracy—what is back of them all, save the ambition to run things, the holier-than-thou complex in different guises? You’d think, to hear some folks talk, 'hat we actually had trans-

formed human nature, had discovered a process of producing souls, and were ready to set up machines for perfecting the entire race. You'd think that a few improvements in our system of communication and transportation had put us in direct touch with the sources of creation. * a tt u Not So Much Progress YOU'D think that a few experiments with mice and guinea pigs had acquainted us with the secrets of cosmic consciousness, if there is such a thing, and that we were prepared to manufacture not only living bodies, but omniscient minds in a laboratory. We have made progress, to be sure, though not such an awful lot. when you consider the ranges of the known universe, much less the unexplored mysteries of thougl\t. We have counted millions of stars, but don’t know what a single one of them is like, and found the electron, but are not sure whether we are much nearer the realm of indivisibility. We have made the sick room a technical, cold-blooded chamber, but have yet to kill the dying man’s desire for a cool hand on his forehead or a baby's hunger for mother love. We have psychoanalyzed sex appeal, but can’t tell wliat two it may draw together in the moonlight. We have learned how to cast plate glass by the acre, but have yet to find a way to prevent gangsters from throwing bricks through it. We realize how much people can do by working together when they are moved by a common am-

. SCIE y CE ==n- ==.- Theory J ars Astronomy m...- BY DAVID DIETZ

THE moon, the earth, the sun, and the Milky Way may all be the same age, all formed during a common process of evolution. This revolutionary theory, contrary to generally accepted ideas in astronomy, was advanced in Atlantic City by Dr. Harlow Shapley, world-famous director of the Harvard observatory, in an address before the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Shapley called for a complete revision of all theories relating to the origin of the moon, the earth, the solar system, and the Milky Way. He said that the chief accomplishment of astronomical study during the last few years has been to reveal the irr.dequacy of all theories regarding the evolution of the universe and its component parts. The commonly accepted theory has been that our sun evolved along with the other stars of the Milky Way from the condensation of a parent gaseous nebula at some remote date, perhaps fifteen trillion years ago. Our earth and the other planets were thought to have been formed about two billion years ago from material pulled out of the sun by the gravitational pull of a star which passed close to the sun. The moon was thought to have taken shape from material thrown off by the earth before the surface of the earth had solidified. a a a New Theory Suggested SHAPLEY said that recent studies had brought up more objections to these various theories than they were able to meet. In their place Shapley suggests a new theory. “I propose that, we consider the possibility that the moon, planets, and sun are all of the same age and that they have arisen in a secondary swirl or eddy of the parental spiral nebula out of which the local galaxy or Milky Way may be supposed to have generated,” he told his audience. ‘■Qn this view the moon has not been born from the earth or the earth from the sun. Present members of the solar system merely are survivals of the original heterogeneous population of this particular secondary swirl.” In this connection, it is interesting to point out that recent studies of the theory of the expanding universe, such as those by Eddington, indicate that the universe can not be more than 10,006,000,000 years old. The old estimate of fifteen trillion years was based on theories of the evolution of stars. Regarding these theories, Shapley told his audience, ‘'in the opinion of many astronomers we now are p. ‘ically without any theory' of evolution of the stars. ‘‘We have a great burden of facts and reasonable explanations of superficial things about stars. Inside facts are lacking. We do not know how galaxies of stars come to exist.” a a a Astronomers Puzzled DR. SHAPLEY also pointed out that astronomers are faced with a still larger problem; namely, the relation of our own galaxy or Milky Way to the million or more similar galaxies or spiral nebulae in space. ‘‘Whether our own galaxy is a simple, typical system or a complex system of two, three or more galaxies, we can not tell,’’ Dr. Shapley said. ‘‘We are just now at the beginning of the accumulation of knowledge of galaxies as galaxies. Within ten years we may have

JAN. 4, 1933

* ' J ■** m i TR4CY

bition, but we do not appreciate the sacrifice and self-control that are necessary to keep them satisfied. tt a a Mcrcbj Change of Name THE appetite for place and power is as strong as it ever was. This dream of technocracy is rooted in the idea of fat jobs for some, whole others do the dirty work, in rigid discipline for the multitude while a few give orders. Such a set-up is no better in the name of science than it was in the name of law or militarism. Love of liberty is irrepressible, not only with regard to politics, but with regard to all the important phases of life, and it has produced more for the common good than any system can or would. In fact, it has produced every' system and it rests on the instinctive desire to produce other systems, which is irreconcilable with the idea of making any system permanent. We must continue to compromise with the love of liberty and the element of personality, whether we like it or not. and that is the real virtue of democratic institutions.

Daily Thought

Judge not according to the appearance, but judge righteous judgment.—St. John 7:24. nan EXTREME justice is extreme injustice.—Cicero.

a clearer picture, thanks to the rapid accumulation of powerful telescopes.” Dr. Shapley said that while there were about a million galaxies within range of present telescopes, there was no reason to suppose that it did not extend to very much greater distances, since the number of galaxies showed no falling off with increase in distance. He also said that it was too early' to accept the theory of an expanding universe as an established fact. He urged that future researches be directed to five important fields: ‘‘A consideration of the general time scale of the universe; a study of the place of asteroids and comets in the solar system; further exploration of the transneptunian regions, where other Pluto-like bodies may be found to throw light on the limits of the solar system; investigations of the interior structure of the earth, and investigations of changes in the orbits of planets over great intervals of time.” Questions and Answers Q—What was the numerical rank of Theodore Roosevelt as President oi the United States? What will be the numerical rank of Franklin D. Roosevelt? what was the numerical rank of Grover Cleveland? Was he counted twice? A—Theodore Roosevelt was twenty-sixth President; Franklin D. Roosevelt will rank as the thirty-second; Grover Cleveland was the twenty-second and also the twenty-fourth, being counted twice, since the administration of Benjamin Harrison, who was the twenty-third President, intervened between Cleveland's two administrations. Q —How many persons were employed in laundries in 1930? A—The 1930 census e - umerated 240.704 laundry operatives, consisting of 20,573 delivery men; 6,337 foremen and overseers; 19,293 laborers, and 194,501 other operatives. There also were 361,033 launderers and laundresses not in public laundries. Q—What is Mecca? A—Capital of the Kingdom of Hejaz; birthplace of Mohammed and sacred city of Mohammedans, to which pilgrimages are made. Q —ln which country did the custom of the Christmas yule log originate? A—The Scandinavians gave us the yule log in their feast of Juul. when a great fire was kindled in honor of Thor. The Goths and Saxons called the festival Jul. and thus we get the words “yule” and “yuletide.” Q —What name corresponds to Santa Claus in France and Germany? A—ln France he is called Bonhemme Noel or Pere Noel; in Germany the name is Christkindlein—Kris Kringle. Q—What is the origin of the Christmas tree? A—One legend is that Martin Luther wished his wife and children to realize the beauty of the snow-covered forest, and brought a little fir tree into the room and covered it with candles to resemble a snow-laden tree. By some persons this is considered to be the origin of the Christmas tree, but there are many other legends in other countries about it. Germany immigrants probably brought tne custom of having a Christmas tree to the United States. Q—Between what dates is the Yellowstone national park open to motorists? A—June 1 to Oct. 15.