Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 172, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 November 1932 — Page 4

PAGE 4

S(*lpm J- M O a. MU

Killing the Primary While lack of funds may demand many economies In government, certainly there should be a stopping point before the people lose entire control of government. If politicians believe that the time has arrived to completely destroy the direct primary as a means of nominating candidates for public office, they are mistaken. Most disquieting is the suggestion that the primary be abolished for the nomination of candidates for mayor and other city offices. Older citizens will have no difficulty In remembering the conditions that prevailed irl most cities betore the coming of the primary. The special interests, generally a combination of .the saloon and the utilities, bossed the bosses and |?amed their candidates on both tickets. When any sacrifice was made, it was the saloon that suffered. The dollar boys were always in control and it was under this rule that many of the troubles of the present day in the matter of utility extortions found their origin. The primary gave the people a weapon by which they had some defense against the organized politicians. To abolish that system at present would only mean that in most of the cities for the next four years there would again come the rule of special interests acting through political bosses. If there be a need of economy, and there is, the simpler way is the adoption of a city manager form of government for all first and second-class cities, made mandatory by the legislature. The sentiment of this city on that question has already been registered. Six out of every seven citizens want it. Instead of killing the primary, a drive for the nonpartisan city manager government would be more in keeping with the promise of the “new deal.” Repeal Versus Tinkering Before joining in the general rejoicing over'the Democratic decision to force a house vote the opening day of congress on so-called resubmission of prohibition, we would like to know more about the nature of that resolution. If it is to be a straight repeal proposition—as pledged by the victorious Democratic party in its platform and campaign—splendid! But if it is to be a mere change in the eighteenth amendment, as proposed by President Hoover and the Republican platform, the sooner it is killed the better. Clearly, the states are ready to vote on the prohibition amendment issues, but it is too much to expect them to vote twice. Therefore, the form of the proposition now put to the states by congress probably will determine the issue for a long time. If the Hoover project lor a modified amendment, “outlawing” the saloon and retaining the federal police power now in the eighteenth amendment, is put to the states it doubtless will be ratified by them as a half-step better than nothing. But that action probably would delay indefinitely any further action on outright repeal. It is very importaht that citizens not be confused by the loose phrases used by politicians in referring interchangeably to repeal and to so-called Hoover resubmission, as though the two virtually were the same. They are not the same, but contradictory. Repeal Is the platform of the anti-prohibitionists. Modification of the amendment is the platform of the retreating drys, who hope to save and to perpetuate the federal police power in prohibition. There is no excuse for any politician to confuse these two programs, for the fight between them was the specific issue at both Republican and Democratic conventions—knd this has been the definite issue ever since. For a Lynchless 1933 The Association of Southern Women for the prevention of lynching ended its Atlanta meeting by announcing that in this year there have been only six lynchings in the United States with only four of these In the south. This is a fifty-year record low. The brutal and capricious decrees of lynch law have sent to sudden death 4,780 persons in the last fifty years and for forty years the average number of victims was 100 a year. The women organizing in a dozen southern states hope for “a lynchless south in 1933.” Their hopes may be realized, since Mississippi, the nation's worst offender in the past, has not had a lynching in more than a year. There are two forces at work to put an end to lynchings in this country. One is a growing determination of law officers and courts to halt the encroachment of mobs upon their prerogatives. The other is public opinion. When we become civilized, we shall not hunt down our fellow human beings in wolfish mobs. Uncle Sam as Banker Charges by Senator Wagner, Representative Swing of California, and others that the government's relief program is not putting men to work fast enough should be studied by congress, with a view to speeding federal loan operations. Whether due to Reconstruction Finance Corporation inefficiency, flaws in the hurriedly passed laws of last summer, or red tape and politics in the states, the facts are disquieting. On July 22 last,, congress increased R. F. C. credit from $2,000,000,000 to $3,800,000,000 to provide lor direct and job relief loans. It also passed the home loan hank act to aid home owners in their mortgage troubles. Out of the $300,000,000 hunger loan fund under schedule 1, loans have been made to thirty-five states and two territories, totaling less than $72,000,000 to date. Out of the $1,500,000,000 made available for selfliquidating works under schedule 2, loans have been authorized for only $137,250,000 on thirty-two projects. With exception of $360,000 just advanced New Mexico for the Rio Grande project, not a cent of actual cash has gone to the states from this fund. Out of the $322,000,000 public works fund under schedule 3. not more than $33,500,000 worth of public works are under way. Treasury officials say that work amounting to $67,885,000 may start this winter, out the added construction of public buildings, the schedule’s biggest item, will not start until early spring. The $120,000,000 item turfled over to states to pay their share of federal road building, can not be called aid in new construction. The twelve home loan banks, for which $125,000,000 R. F. C. credit was made available, have not loaned a cent, nor are they likely to for some time, in view

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishin* Cos 214-220 Weat Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price In Marion County 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week Mail subscriplion ratea in Indiana. $3 a year; outside e>t Indiana. 63 cents a month. ROY HOWARD. EARL, D. BAKER, ’ or President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 3531. MONDAY. NOV. 28, 1832. Member of I nited i’resa. Scrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Assoelation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

of the bitter opposition from banks and loan associations to the law’s liberal provisions. For a relief program so touted by stump speakers in the recent campaign, this is a poor showing. In six months of deepening distress, few relief dollars have found iheir way from Washington into the pockets of the needy. Congress can and should remedy this. Let the Children Teach Us Emerging through the dark clouds of the depression comes a ray of sunshine, putting to shame the scowlers among us and the defeatists and those who would have us believe that there is not peace on earth and no good will toward men as we turn the comer of Thanksgiving and begin the last lap of the year toward Christmas. The ray of sunshine is contained in a little story from Warm Springs, Ga„ where Franklin D. Roosevelt fought his way back to health and the White House. It tells us that there are lines in the faces of the boys and girls there, but that they are lines of laughter as these youngsters rush about in their wheel chairs. Wheel chairs? Os course. These children are cripples, you know. They will get better, no doubt, but it is likely that many of them never will be well again. From childhood to old age some of them never again will walk on healthy feet. They have known the torture of pain. Maybe they will know it again. The less afflicted among them wear braces on their legs and can get about after a fashion, without use of wheel chairs. They are glad of that. Their physical afflictions have became merely incidental to them. Life is what counts and they have found that life has been good to them. Meanwhile, we, our bodies sturdy, our limbs strong, go up and down the land spreading our gloom and saying: “Things couldn’t be worse.” Men jump from tall buildings because they haven’t as many dollars as they used to have. Women take poison because the glamour has gone out of their lives. And those of us who are less violent sometimes feel despair creeping upon us. It would do us good to let our thoughts wander occasionally to that resort in Georgia; to sit, as it were, at the feet of the children there, to get inspiration from the reflection of joy in their eyes; to imbibe the musit of their laughter. If they, the lame and the halt, still believe that the world is a grand place, surely we who are sound in body ought to be able to muddle through. Death Goes a-Hunting The fall hunting season is now on in most states; and already the annual reports of accidental shootings have begun to pour in, in a number which almost leads one to classify hunting as an extra-hazardous occupation. In many sections, especially near the big cities, the country seems to be so thickly settled that it is almost impossible to hunt without undergoing a heavy risk. But ’nidst of the casualties seem to arise from the fact that many of our ardent hunters are men who simply do not know how to handle firearms. There is nothing very dangerous about tramping through the woods with a loaded gun—if you know just how to handle it. If you don’t, however, there are a lot of ways in which you can come to grief. Hunting would be a lot less risky if the man who isn’t perfectly familiar with firearms would decide to stay home and get his thrills by reading a book. That “typical American family,” picked by a national magazine here two years ago, still is typical. The family auto was stolen recently. Beer may be brewing in Washington, but if congress has no better luck than the average home brewer we may expect his apology, “It’s not as good as the last batch,” to become a White House statement. The back-to-the-farm drift this year has brought the farm population up to thirty-two million—only 200.000 less than that of 1910, the record year. That 200,000 was only a trifle compared with the crowd that went back for Thanksgiving dinner. If it’s true that 7 per cent of humanity does the thinking for the other 93 per cent, that leaves most of us in shape to do the kicking.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

FOLLOWING hard upon the heels of the election comes the grim visage of war debts. And some of the remarks on this subject seem hopelessly muddled. In listening around, you will discover that the average individual thinks of Italy as a vast Mussolini, of France as a crafty Latin, of Germany as a bloated arstocrat, and of England as a fat and sleek John Bull. We forget, it seems, that in these countries live and toil and suffer and die millions of poor, care-rid-den beings such as we are. That these lowly men and women are victims of the same sort of persecution that we endure; that .they,

too, are tortured by poverty and face futures that are more drab and gloomy than ours. Somehow I feel that if we could visualize the common people of other lands we could arrive at a more humane and friendly state of mind concerning them, and thus regard international questions more intelligently. tt tt tt THE musicians of Bavaria, the peasants of France, the laborers of England, or the workers of Italy did not want the World war

any more than Americans who in 1916 went to the polls In battalions and cast their votes against it. The people who are suffering most today were dead set against that awful event which in every nation was forced upon them by a few individuals and the bungling stupidity of the same unfriendly attitude that we are aiming toward the rest of the world. Those who should in justice pay for costs of war are the Krupps of the earth—who always and everywhere conduct their subtle propaganda and enkindle hatred in the hearts of men and women so that their coffers always may be filled with gold and their children’s children remain forever in security. I am aware that this has a revolutionary sound. But it is a truth I challenge any ma nto evade. Everywhere the humble starve, so that a few may become overlords of wealth. All over the round earth the poor who fight and pay for wars never have a voice in their making. And no matter in what corner of the globe a conflict may rage today, you may be sure that in the end you will do your part of the paying for it. For in the twentieth century there is no such thing as splendid isolation. V

* •" • "V - - ■ "V.KV • - ~ JA > • , , >•••":. ' ' • - < i-.- - • - " ’O':'' . ! w ’■ “- i 5 - w

BY M. E. TRACY NEW YORK, Nov, 28.—Fear still grips the civilized world. It is reflected in the reluctance to curtail armaments, the general cry for relief at other people’s expense, the wild scramble for safety behind tariff walls. That explains why measures for recovery have failed. We have sobbed over our responsibilities, instead of facing

them like men, have tried to make ourselves believe that the depression wasn’t real, and that it could be met with whoopla. There has been a reign of shushiness since 1929, an effort to disguise, or deny the realities. The noisy ballyhoo for relief has served as a smoke screen for the ruthless

grind of circumstances, by which great institutions and even great governments have found themselves forced to impoverish countless multitudes. In the last analysis, we have been striving to save systems and enterprises, rather than human beingp. It was enough if we could keep the latter from starving to death. Few have had the hardihood / to admit that some of the systems and enterprises might be obsolescent and dying a natural death. non Moral Life Confronts Us WE never are going to create a happy, secure world by throwing a man out of his home, or putting him out of work, and then handing him a meal ticket. No more are we going to do it

A READER in Detroit asks me to write about prayer, and he gives me a title to use, “Tuning In on God.” It is a perfect title, and it gives us a hint as to the nature of prayer, if not a key to it. When we hear a man say that it does no good to pray, because our prayers are not answered, it nlay be that he has a wrong idea of what prayer is. For prayer is surely something more than a demand note, something more than dropping a nickel in a slot machine and taking out a piece of candy. After all, what is prayer if it be not tuning our minds to a Mind wiser than we are—adjusting our hearts to a Love greater than our own? If waves of force pass through earth and rock, if certain forms of light pass through substances which we call solid, if electricity can be transmitted with certain direction and intelligent use without even wires; surely “soul-force,” as Gandhi calls it—the mind of man

****** 1 ' i ,

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE It’s Pure Guess on Sex of Unborn Child

This is the first of two special articles by Dr. Fishbein on scientists’ quest for a basis for predicting the sex of the unborn child. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine. UNENDING is the debate! Can the sex of the unborn child be predicted accurately? A common superstition among physicians is the belief, based on a statement made by a German named Frankenhauser, that; it is possible to predict the sex of a child before birth by counting the rate of the heart. Thus, he claimed that a girl's heart was more rapid than a boy’s. • Dr. Joseph B. De Lee. now’ unquestioned dean of American obstetricians since death of the late J. Whitridge Williams, found that a boy is more likely to be born if the heart beat is persistently below 130, and a girl if the rate is constantly 1 above 150.

Ferguson

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

World Still Held in Grip of Fear

Tracy

Every Day Religion BY DR. JOSEPH FORT NEWTON

The Grabber’s Answer

by agreeing to build fewer battleships and then raiding each other’s gold reserves. There is a moral side to all the problems we face and it demands more than specific gestures of good will. You can’t . have genuine cooperation, unless you are willing to go down the line, or make people believe you honestly have their interests at heart, unless you are ready to meet them half way in all difficulties. Henry Ford has said that ten Or a dbzen rules would solve most of our problems, if generally obeyed. Moses not only said the same thing, but furnished quite a few of the rules. W_ are pleased to be technical, rather than straight, which accounts for nine-tenths of the trouble we are in. n n n Refuse to Face Truth FEW have admitted that some of our fondest r :earns and deepest convictions might be wrong. Asa general proposition, it has been taken for granted that the existing order must be preserved. We have clung desperately to tb“ gold standard, but without gl, ,x.g much thought to the obvious desirability of creating a common currency for all nations. We have seen the various monetary values go up and down, and have lost billions because of it, without asking why, much less trying to correct the evil. We have advocated disarmament and then authorized trade barriers to make it impossible. u u u Code Full of Holes W’E have medical ethics, diplomatic, and so on, when there is only one genuine article. We have elaborate ritual for

and the Spirit of God—the greatest forces known on earth, can be used. n n u IF this be so, every man, regardless of race, color, or creed, can tune in on a world of purity and power, as a musician tunes in on a world of music. Maybe prayer is not getting from God, but getting to God through the mists and fogs of the mind, not asking Him to do something for us, but to do something in us and with us. It is not begging God to give us what we want, but asking Him to make us worthy to do what He wants us to do. Anyway, if we try to use God for our own ends instead of being used by Him for His ends, our prayer fails —we can not exploit God. It is odd that Jesus did not argue about prayer; he just prayed, and that is the only test. If he needed it in living his good life, it is sheer vanity of us to imagine that we can do without it and live a good life. t Copyright. 1932. United Feature Syndicate)

HOWEVER, it is safe always to tell prospective parents that the prediction is a pure guess. Since the number of girls and boys born is approximately equal, the addict to gahies of chance can be assured of breaking even if he bets on either one or the other consistently, and of having a slightly favorable trend in this direction if he picks boys most of the time, and particularly boys most of the time after a war. From time to time methods have been devised for studying the blood of the mother, with a view to finding in it some substance derived from the unborn child of a distinctly masculine or feminine character. Obviously, any distinctly masculine secretion found in the blood of a pregnant woman might induce the belief that the fetus was masculine, and this, of course, particularly in the case in which there was assurara that no possible ab-

convicting men of perjury, when lying is just lying. In other words, we have a code, whether as applied to governments or hoboes, so full of holes that people can live up to it without being square. The World war supposedly was fought to preserve the sanctity of treaties, but many treaties have been sidestepped, evaded, or broken since it ended, and those at fault have all kinds of technical excuses, yet we go right on imagining that the world can be made over by treaty.

People’s Voice

Editor Times — TN your editorial of “A Democratic Job,” it is claimed that President Hoover showed public spirit by inviting President-elect Roosevelt and his leaders for a conference of the foreign debt situation. I believe every one agrees with that, ’>ut was it quite the public-spirited course to take by sending a i,125word telegram to Governor Roosevelt, just to issue an invitation, with two-thirds of it devoted to complaint against congress’ stand last year? Is not that action, in itself, starting political or partican criticism? wouldn’t it have been better just to send the invitation to Governor Roosevelt and explain the rest at the conference? Wouldn't that have been a better non-partisan stand thereby not subjecting Roosevelt to undue criticism? Roosevelt answers informally and in several places repeats the fact that he accepts and thanks the President for the invitation. Is that shifting responsibility? I interpreted Governor Roosevelt’s last statement as an answer to Hoover’s sixteenth paragraph of the invitation sent. Every one should have a copy of that telegram, as I believe President Hoover intended the public should have. It will come in handy four years from now. A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN. u n tt Editor Times — FREE and unrestricted distribution of farm produce among the states not only would save for the consumer, but also give producers better prices for their produce, one of the fundamental principles of our government. However, instead of this, we have a few selfish merchants who have gone so far as to stop competition by city ordinances and state laws, with licenses so high as to probit free, open competition, for •> their own personal benefit against the people. My experience has been, in shipping farm produce into different cities and state, that these costs are so high that they prohibit the sale of produce to the people. These ordinances are unconstitutional and have been defeated in higher courts. And still they insist on enforcing them against the people. The people pay all taxes and they are the ones who should be protected and not the merchants. So what is this, a government of the people, or a government of merchants? ARTHUR B. HAMILL.

sorption of such secretion could have occurred in the previous two or three days before the examination. man OUITE recently several investigators succeeded in developing a technic for diagnosing w’ith more than a fair degree of certainty the fact that a woman was pregnant. This test, known as the AschheimZondek test, depends on the presence in the urine of a woman of a hormone derived from a gland. More than ten years ago, an investigator named Manoiloff suggested that there are different hormones in male and in female blood and that a test of the blood might be developed which would reveal the circulation of male hormones. However, the test he worked out, and those of many others who followed him, did not appear to work with a sufficient amount of certainly to warrant its general acceptance.

It Seems to Me: +— *+ BY HEYWOOD BROUN

THERE practically is no real opposition to the lame duck amendment any more, and its case is logically unanswerable. And yet one thing can be said for the present system. A President who knows that he has been defeated and that only a few- more months of service are left to him often may take on anew candor, frankness and courage. To be a little more specific than that, I must say that in the recent conferences Mr. Hoover has acquitted himself better than Mr. Roosevelt.

The Governor still is politically minded. His position is in many ways difficult. Even before he officially becomes President, he has been inducted into a national office. Right now Franklin D. Roosevelt is the leader of the Democratic party. He knows that he must live and work and win or fail with this organization. Like most parties in America, very varied elements enter into its composition. Soner or later Roosevelt will have to choose which wing of the party he will favor. But. naturally, he wants to put off that difficult decision as long as possible. nun It Is a Tough Spot. * YET, admitting his difficulties, it is not too encouraging to find Governor Roosevelt seeking shelter in statements such as the assertion that he is merly a private citizen. Nor can I approve his passing the buck to Hoover.

| Ideals and opinion* j expressed in this : > column are those of I one of America's I most interesting ; ; writers and are presented without j j regard to their J I agreement with the | editorial attitude of | j this pa p e r.—The Editor. ii

various European nations to our government has no relation whatsoever to reparation payments made or owed to them.” This can serve as a soothing slogan to the “every last nickel” boys but it just isn’t good sense. No fair and comprehensive view of international finance can fail to note how closely these factors are linked. n tt tt Against European Co-operation. I LIKE even less Governor Roosevelt’s declaration that “in no case should we deal with the debtor governments collectively.” That seems to be the supreme heresy. Surely by now we ought to begin to have some conception that a phrase such as “the family of nations" has a literal and precise meaning. Most of the ills which vex the world are rooted deeply in excessive and stiff-necked national feeling. During these last desperate years we have been suffering from the extreme shortsightedness of the world in its refusal and inability to cooperate. Os course, we are not the only sinners. Other natiofls also are afflicted with their 210 and 300 per cent patriots. Big navy men and saber rattlers seem to grow in almost any soil. But the United States must assume a very considerable part of the guilt for the promotion of disorganization. We cut the heart out of the League of Nations by our refusal to enter. We have given the coldest sort of reception to the world court, and in our insistence that each troubled debtor must come to our door separately we are warring against any effective move toward a United States of Europe, which would certainly be a monster step toward international peace and world prosperity. tt a tt u lnternational” Also Includes Us. < THE American reaction to the word “international” is curious. We act as if it were an adjective applying to every nation but our own. Sometimes we behave as if other people were creatures living on another planet and having no relationship to us whatsoever. We simply won't accept the fact that modern civilization actually has brought about an organic cohesion among all inhabitants of the earth. A bruised toe may be far away from the centers of perception, but it can hurt as much as an injury to the ear. We can not if we would, divorce ourselves from our neighbors. And here, again, we indulge in a curious interpretation of words Everybody in politics would leap to affirm his faith in the doctrine that we should love our neighbors. But he takes “neighbors” to mean the people in the house next door, or, by the widest interpretation, the constituents in his own district. Put a little ocean or even a river in between and he very calmly can contemplate the misery and woe of any on the far side of the water There is no salvation for any single one of us without co-operation, and I hope that this thought will come to Roosevelt in the days before him. j (Copyright. 1932, by The Times)

12 Nobel Prizes to U. S.

WHEN Dr. Irving Langmuir famous scientist of the General Electric laboratories, was awarded the Nobel prize in chemistry for 1932, he was made a member of one of America's mast select circles. For only twelve Americans ever have won that most coveted of awards. Os the twelve, four no longer are living. The Nobel prizes are divided into five classifications, three of which are scientific. The five are: Physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and promotion of peace. The first time the prize ever came to America it was for promotion of peace. President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the prize in 1906 for his work in bringing the Rus-sian-Japanese war to a conclusion. The second time it came to America it was in the field of physics. That was in 1907, when it was awarded to the late Professor Albert A. Michelson, famous throughout the world as the “high priest of light.” n n u Chicago Triumph IN addition to Michelson, the winners of the Nobel prize in physics were Dr. Robert A. Millikan in 1923 and Dr. Arthur H. Compton in 1927. The Nobel prize in physics has been somewhat of a triumph for the University of Chicago. Dr. Michelson was professor of physics at the University of Chicago until the time of his death. Both Millikan and Compton received their training in Michelson’s laboratory. Millikan left his post as professor at Chicago to become director of the California Institute of Technology. Compton still is a professor at Chicago. Just as the Nobel prize in physics has been a triumph for the University of Chicago, so the Nobel prize in medicine has represented an American monopoly for the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Both winners of this prize are members of the institution, Dr. Alexis Carrel, who received the prize in 1912, and Dr. Karl Landsteiner, who got it in 1930. The two winners in the field of chemistry have been the late Dr. T. W. Richards of Harvard university

Daily Thought

And when Delilah saw that he had told her all his heart, she sent and called for the lords of the Philistines, saying, Come up this once, for he hath shewed me all his heart. Then the lords of the Philistines came up unto her, and brought money in their hands. —Judges 16:18.

In matters of business, no womai stops at integrity—Dr. Johnson.

I think somebody ought to tap Franklin D. Roosevelt on the shoulder and remind him that the campaign is over and that he won by an enormous majority. Surely this is much too soon for Mr. Roosevelt to begin looking forward to 1936. Herbert Hoover has been far more effective in nis public statements since defeat than he ever was in the days of victoiy. But, as far as I'm concerned, neither Hoover nor Roosevelt is facing the debt problem in a realistic manner. Congress, too, is still treating the question as a local political issue rather than a vast and complex economic question. Least of all do I like the most recent pronouncement of Governor Roosevelt. It may please voters to say, “The indebtedness of the

By DAVID DIETZ

in 1914 and Dr. Irving Langmuir this year. Only one American ever has received the literature prize. He is Sinclair Lewis, author of “Main Street,” “Babbitt” and other wellknown books. He received the prized in 1930. The four Americans who won the peace prize have been Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, Elihu Root in 1912, Woodrow Wilson in 1919, and Charles G. Dawes tn 1925. n u u Nobel and Dynamite THE Nobel prizes were established by Alfred Bernhard Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer. He made an immense fortune from the invention of dynamite and other high explosives, and from exploitation of the Baku oil fields. The fact that his inventions made it possible for the world to carry on wars on a previously unknown scale may have been one of the things that inclined him to found a peace prize. It is important, however, to remember that the peace-time uses of dynamite in mining, forestry, quarrying, agriculture, and so on, are very great and important. Nobel was born in Stockholm on Oct. 21 1831. He patented dynamite in 1862. In 1876, he invented ‘ blasting gelatin,” the first of the high explosives. This was made by using guncotton to absorb nitroglycerin, thus soaking one explosive with another. Thirteen years later, he pro- , duced ballistite, the first smokeless powder. He died in 1896. A summary of the American winners of the prize, the year of the award and the field is as follows: 1906—Theodore Roosevelt, peace. • 1907—Dr. A. A. Michelson, physics. I^l2 —Dr. Alexis Carrel, medicine. 1912—Elihu Root, peace. 1914—Dr. T. W. Richards, chemistry. 1319—Woodrow Wilson, peace. 1923—Dr. R. A, Millikan, physics. 1925—Charles G. Dawes, peace. 1927—Dr. A. H. Compton, physics. 1930—Dr. Karl Landsteiner, medicine. 1930—Sinclair Lewis, literature. 1932—Dr. Irving Langmuir, chemistry. Has Henry Ford a plant in Russia? No, but he aided the Russian government in establishing a plant which makes tractors under Ford patents. What does honorificabilitudinity mean and v>'hat famous author used it? Shakespeare used it in “Love’s j Labor Lost," Act 5, Scene 1. It means homorableness. What doe* the name Freda meant' It is from the German and means “mild tempered. -

NOV. 28, 1932

f ' JR j|lf

BROUN