Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 158, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 November 1932 — Page 8

PAGE 8

St* ** 3 - HOW A.M o

Business Optimism The hopeful attitude of American business men toward the results of the election shows how lightly they took the campaign’s stern alarms and how widespread is their faith in the dawning of a better day. In case there remain among them ahy partisans whose bitterness blinds them tn new hopes and op--1 jrtunities ahead, we commend to their attention s atements of some of the nation’s business leaders, particularly to that of Alexander Logge, head of International Harvester Company and former Hoover farm board chairman. Leggc: “Political uncertainty has ended with the decision at the polls, and it is helpful to have this disturbing factor out of the way. There is no doubt that general confidence in an important element in the revival of business, and the belief of a large majority of the voters that a change of government will tend to improve business, should in itself help to bring about that condition.’’ Here are others: W. H. Woodin, president of the American Car and Foundry Company: “The forces making for business recovery will move steadily ahead at an accelerated pace.’’ Will H. Hays, president of Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America: “The depression is on the run. We will finish the fight now. Everything else is chores.’’ M. H. Aylesworth, president of National Broadcasting Company: “Business, in my judgment, progressively will reflect the widespread confidence of the hour that we are on the threshold of real recovery.’’ George F. Johnson, chairman of Endicott-Johnson Corporation: “The overwhelming decision is the best thing that could have happened. I look for immediate and continued improvement.’’ J. C. Penney, chairman of J. C. Penney Company: “Without reservations, I anticipate an upswing in the general feeling of our people and a winning return to better conditions under the leadership of Franklin D. Roosevelt.” Sam Lewisohn, investment banker: “I am confident that business men can feel that in Franklin D. Roosevelt they have a seasoned and constructive executive.” Alfred P. Sloan, president of General Motors Corporation: “The strong mandate given the new administration is certain to establish great confidence the world over that national and international questions, vital and fundamental in the building of a broad foundation of economic recovery, will be dealt with aggressively and constantly, something that apparently has been impossible before ... I am confident that business will push forward aggressively.” * Leadership It took vision and courage for Sanford Bates, federal prison director, to build the Northeastern penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pa. This prison, being opened today, is the most modern and scientific institution of punishment in the world. Here is the sort of leadership the government owes the states. And it is leadership in what probably is the most backward phase of American statecraft, the treatment of law breakers. Over the portals of most of the nation s 3,000 penal institutions we have inscribed in effect: "Abandon hope all ye who enter here.” Over the chapel stage of this new prison, Bates has inscribed this from Bacon: “That which is past and gone is irrevocable; wise men have enough to do with things present and to come.” To carry out this ideal of hope, the new prison is equipped with every modern facility for treating the physically, mentally, and morally sick. Its cell blocks are graduated so that the inmate may w r ork himself to liberty by his conduct, each promotion being to a cell better .than the one he leaves. There are school rooms for adult education, a beautiful library, athletic field, vocational training shops, a stage for prison talent shows, cheerful surroundings, and a touch of beauty. Some will call this maudlin sentimentalism gone riot. It is not. It is practical sense, as practical as Christianity. For 150 years the United States has followed the old world method of punishment. It has tortured, cowed, humiliated its lawbreakers. We did not need the Wickersham commission to tell us how dismally this system has failed. But that commission reminded us that our $100,000,000 prison system is making criminals instead of making better men. To win against the growing and costly menace of crime, America must stop being emotional and vengeful toward criminals and become scientific. Science teaches that we can not lump all misfits into a brutalizing routine and expect results. ’ We must treat each one as an individual, segregate the sick from the well, approach them all as human beings, punish only when necessary. And at Lewisburg there is at last a scientific prison. We believe, with Director Bates, that it will work. But should it fail, it can not fail so completely as the old way. Political Upsets , The decisive defeat of Herbert Hoover and the Republican party invites historical comparison with other party upsets. The first was the resounding defeat of the Federalists in 1800 by Jefferson and the Demo-cratic-Republican party. In 1790 it looked to many as though the Federalists were as impregnable as the Rock of Gibraltar itself. They had all the prestige associated with Washington’s name. They carried through with amazing success the problem of establishing the new government. But many factors conspired to effect their undoing. They inherited the hatred of the Constitution from the ratification struggles of 1787-1789. They too openly served the moneyed classes and expressed disdain for the masses. Hamilton and Aijams quarreled bitterly, and this split their party. Finally, the folly of alien and sedition laws added the last straw and they never had a chance in the election of 1800. The Democratic-Republican party of Jefferson and Its successor, the Democratic party of Jackson, held the reins of government for forty years. They went down to defeat at the hands of the Whigs in 1840. The Democrats had to bear the onus of the crisis in 1837. There is some semblance to the situation in 1932, but the Democrats had defied rather than served the eastern financial interests. Jacksonian democracy was alleged to promote incompetence and demagoguery. Patriotism also was invoked to defeat the Democrats. The hero of Tippecanoe was nominated by the Whigs. But their joy was short lived. Harrtsop quick-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time# Publishing Cos., 214-220 Wost Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Jnd. Price In Marlon County. 2 cent# a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rate# In Indiana, $3 a year; outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. KOY W. E4RL D BAKKR Editor President Business Manager’ PHONE—Riley 5551. FRIDAY, NOV. 11, 183a' Member of United Pres#, Scrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ly died and his Vice-President, John Tyler, proved more of a Democrat than a Whig. The Whigs staged a fluke comeback In 1848, nominating the popular hero of the Mexican war General Zachary Taylor, whose Interest in politics is indicated amply by the fact that he never had voted in his life. He qualified as a Whig by saying that if he ever had voted he would have supported Clay. Splits within the Democratic party, especially the defection of Van Buren and the “barn burners,” helped the Whigs to victory in November. But Pierce came back with a Democratic victory in 1852, and the Democrats held their ground until hopelessly split by the Civil war. The Republican party came out of the Civil war with credit for saving 'the Union and with most of the northern generals available for presidential candidacy. Had they avoided the most venal corruption in federal administration and the most unpardonable savagery in reconstruction, it is doubtful if the Democrats ever would have regained the status of a major party. But the Republicans played into their hands by their incredibly unwise and irresponsible policies. As a result, Tilden, with a reputation for reform born of his fight against Tweed in New York City, won the presidency in 1876, only to have it stolen by a partisan decision of an electoral commission. In 1884 the reputation of Blaine and the Republicans for graft, the echoes of the internecine feud between Conkling and Blaine, the secession of the reforming Republicans (Mugwumps), and such accidents of the campaign as the Burchard speech served to put Cleveland and the Democrats Into power. There was a see-saw until 1896, when the Republicans came back by a large majority and held power until they manhandled Roosevelt at Chicago in 1912 and provoked the Bull Moose movement. This provided the greatest upset since 1860, for Wilson went in by a tremendous lead over both of his competitors, though he received far less than half of the total votes cast in the election. By 1920 the people had become tired of the strenuous character of the New Freedom and the strains of the World war. “Normalcy” may be a bad word, but it expressed the emotions of the United* States and' served to put Harding and Coolidge into the White House. There wall be many explanations of the overturn in 1932, but any valid interpretation will have to reckon with such facts as *he mushroom Coolidge prosperity, the extravagant Republican promises in 1928, the depression which came instead of the abolition of poverty, and the failure of Hoover to rise to his responsibilities. Beer This Winter Prospects of beer legislation this winter are bright. The election was a sweeping wet victory, but the new wet congress and administration will not take office until March. Therefore, some have feared the lame duck session of the old congress in December would sidestep the issue, as it did last spring. This now seems less probable, as a result of statements by Democratic leaders. Garner, Robinson, and Harrison, among others, premise to support modification of the Volstead act to legalize and tax beer this winter. Vice-President-Elect Garner will retain during the lame duck session his old position of power as Speaker of the house, which already is under Democratic control. Robinson is Democratic leader in the senate and Harrison is the ranking Democrat on the finance committee, which handles tax legislation. It will be noted that these three key Democratic leaders in congress are all from the south, the oncedry region which was expected by some dopesters to betray the wet platform pledge following the election. If these and the other Democratic leaders really fight for Volstead modification at the winter session, they probably can succeed. For public sentiment was sufficiently overwhelming in the election to influence the large number of prohibition straddlers, both Democratic and Republican, in the lame duck session. The number of wet votes might not be large enough to pass modification over a Hoover veto, but the President may not veto such measure. His hands are free, since he took no position on modification—as apart from amendment repeal—in his campaign speeches. There are two very potent reasons why he should not block modification. One is that such action would be clearly in defiance of the public vote, which will be registered in beer legislation at the spring special session of the new congress, anywav. But the clinching argument is that the beer tax, which will raise upward of half a billion dollars annually, is needed immediately to help balance the Hoover budget now in the red. America turns out the best jazz musicians,” a dance orchestra leader cpines. Yep, and it seems that the worst remains.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

THERE, has been a babble lately over the right of women to propose. This perhaps is a subtle attack upon marriage itself and promoted, it may be, by the Reds. At any rate, any one who knows anything at all about the nature of man realizes that such a thing well nigh would put the justices of the peace out of business. Theoretically, it may be right and fair for girls to pop the question, but if they are seriously intent upon getting married, they would better not try It. Consider this, for instance: The right of women to propose automatically would establish the right of men to say “No.” And how they would say it! Then, too. the weapons they possessed after marriage would be too sharp edged. One and all they so easily could retort to wifely accusations, “Well, you wanted to marry me, didn’t you?” m a AS it is, they take particular delight in broadcasting that they were chased and captured by their women that nothing they could do. no resistance they could make, prevented their being dragged to the altar. For this reason, the wife who lived in an age when women actually did the proposing would be piling up misery for herself. She would have no peace at all. She never could escape the consequences of her pre-matrimonial enthusiasm and probably would end by murdering her husband. Modern though I am, I think men ought to be permitted to retain this one privilege. Realizing how easy it is for the smart maid and the experienced widow to solicit a proposal, it is only fair to allow men to feel themselves aggressors in the matter. And it gives them such unmitigated pleasure to believe they voluntarily are bestowing hand and name upon the damsel of their choice. To deny them this would be to perpetrate the greatest cruelty of the age. It would be taking candy from the baby. After all, their fond belief that they now propose Is only an Illusion. Let them keep It. *

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says; ~

The War Debt Set-Up Could Be Changed So That Each Government Would Owe Its Own People. NEW YORK. NOV. 11.—Dry and disagreeable as it is, the subject of war debts seems entirely appropriate to Armistice day. Maybe that is why England decided to bring it up at this particular moment, through some contend that she was moved to do so by Governor Roosevelt's victory. Putting such speculations aside, it is not a bad thing to recall what the war cost. Had taxpayers been given anything like a fair break in history, war would be far less popular than it is. This is one occasion when bonds, notes, and accounts payable play a real part. Let us be fair enough with posterity to make the most of it. All the gold in the world was not sufficient to pay one year’s interest on the debt to which humanity had bound itself when the armistice was signed. 0 0 0 Gold Can't Repay ALL the gold in the world would not pay what the allies owe us today. We are. and have been dealing with credit—paper promises, based on what might, could, or would be done, if and when. When the allies touched this government for ten billion dollars, they merely asked it for credit. The only way this government could grant such an enormous credit was by issuing bonds and borrowing from the people. In other words, the transaction began with the confidence of the American people in their own government. It goes without saying that all people have more confidence in their own government than in any other. For this reason, a government is able to handle accounts with its own people with less trouble than those with a foreign government. Inter-government debts are bound to get mixed up with patriotism, politics and pride. 000 Should Owe Own People AS one who pretends to no expertness in economics, it strikes me that the first essential of a satisfactory war debt settlement is to alter the credit set-up so that each government will owe its own people, or such outsiders as are willing to buy its securities. As now arranged, .the international debt situation represents a kind of tribute in the popular mind. Germans resent having to dig up so much for France each year, and though, in lesser degree, perhaps, Frenchmen, Englishmen, Italians, Belgians, and many others resent the idea of having to dig up so much for the United States. This feeling becomes more intense as time goes on, leading to excuses on the one hand, and irritation on the other. It will be a thorn in the side of the peace movement as long as it lasts. 000 Would End Chaos MEANWHILE, it seems clear that if we can afford to trust the governments that owe us, their own people can, and that there is nothing to prevent them from issuing bonds to their own people and paying us whatever amount may be agreed to in cash. Such a settlement would leave each government free to handle its own debt problem and end one of the worst and most confusing international entanglements that ever existed. The last twelve years should have shown us the folly of attempting to carry out the plot of debt as originally conceived. We have no currency system or collecting agency adequate to do the job. This still Is a world of sovereign states, and state obligations should be readjusted to fit that basis.

Questions and Answers

What are the religious affiliations of Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt? Episcopalian. How many persons speak or understand the English, French, and German languages? English is spoken by 160,000,000 and is understood by 60,000,000 or more who do not look upon It as their native tongue. German is spoken by 90,000,000 and is understood and used by 20,000,000 more. French is spoken by 45,000,000 and understood and used by 75,000,000 more. When and by whom was the Centigrade scale for thermometers first devised? By Celsius of Upsala, Sweden, in 1742. Does Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh receive any pension from the federal government? No.

m TODAY ,9 S/ti IS THE* Vp r WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

THE WAR ENDS

ON Nov. 11. 1918, fighting on the western front ceased at 11 a. m., after the German envoys had signed the armistice terms. Before the fighting was stopped, however, the British captured Mons. In Germany, Field Marshal von Hindenburg placed himself and the army under command of the new people’s government. THE END.

Daily Thought

Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew a right spirit within me.—Psalms 51:10. The effect of every burden laid down is to leave us relieved; and when the soul has laid down that of its faults at the feet of God, it feels as though it had wings.—Eugenie de Guerin.

Another Big Game Hunter in White House

I I 5 ran ISHliigii I tn

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Fever Is Reaction to Germ Poison

DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. WHEN germs get into the body and release their poisons, the tissues react usually in definite ways. One of the reactions of the body is fever. This apparently is due to the effects of the germ poisons on the nervous mechanism of the body which controls temperature. Associated with the fever there is a speeding up of the chemical changes that go on in the body, so that there may be perspiration and, as a result of the increased activity, a loss of weight. For this reason, it has become customary to “feed fevers” rather than starve them. Associated with the disturbance of the nervous system, there may

IT SEEMS TO ME

THIS is going to be a column without politics. Not a single major issue will be discussed nor any of the names of leaders great or late and lamented. And so it will ramble and deal with trivial subjects, such as the fact that if you give a columnist a bad name that reputation will stick. Years ago I encouraged the idea that I was a dowdy dresser. There may even have been a grain of truth in it. But after a while it became a line—almost a pose. And for five years I have been trying to live it down. Asa matter of fact, at the present time I have a valet and three suits of clothes, the gray and the blue and the brown. The brown has a patch over the right knee on account of trying to get into a rumble seat, but the two others are new. These suits are pressed regularly once a week, whether they need it or not. But what good does it do me? Absolutely none whatsoever. I went the other day to Cleveland, and a newspaper man interviewed me. I didn’t know that I would be interviewed, but just to be on the safe side I took with me the extra pair of pants for the gray suit._ And I packed this garment carefully myself at the bottom of the bag. 000 Solomon in All His Glory SO I was ready for the emergency when the young man said, “Might I ask you a few questions?” I had been told that he was the self-same reporter who wrote so harshly about Rudy Vallee that the singer went down to the office in search of him. Accordingly, my whole idea was to be nonchalant, as if being interviewed were a regular thing in my life, and also witty, charming and informative. Not too much of the “I used to be a regular reporter myself” sort of business and yet just a touch of the “we news writers should stick together.” I tried to give solid, substantial answers about the progress of the American drama, the gold standard and the tariff. And then in the later editions the story appeared, and the newspaper man said, “Broun, as usual, was dressed in shaggy tweeds, which

Contract Bridge Rales Here they are, in anew bulletin just off the press of our Washington information bureau. You know that the international committee just has formulated new rules for contract bridge that make essential changes in the scoring. Our Washington bureau has put them into understandable form in its new bulletin on Contract Bridge. This bulletin, written particularly to aid and guide the former auction bridge player, who has now' taken up contract, or who wishes to take up contract, condenses into practical form a few guiding principles in contract bidding and play, and gives also full instructions in scoring and explains essential differences between auction and contract. Don’t tear your hair, over the new scoring rules—just fill out the coupon below and send for this bulletin. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. SP-CB, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the new bulletin Contract Bridge, containing the new scoring system, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled United States postage, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY * STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times (Code No.)

be dizziness and loss of appetite, also vomiting and an increased activity on the motion of the bowel which helps to cause loss of material from the body. Due to accumulations of fluid or swelling of tissue, there may be aches and pains in the joints and in the muscles. Interference with the action of the kidneys may cause fluid to be retained in the body. The blood usually responds by an increase in the number of the white blood cells, but there are some conditions in which the number is decreased, notably influenza and typhoid fever. Because the fever is considered to be one of the mechanisms of the body in defense against the attack of germs, scientific medicine does hot always attempt to reduce the fever too suddenly or too rapidly by the use of drugs.

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

were strangers to the tailor’s iron and bagged at the knees.” Now, as a matter of cold, sober fact, you could have cut your finger on that crease and they weren’t tweeds and they didn’t bag at the knees. I had a hairert, a barber’s shave and a bright and shining face. But the old reputation persisted. 000 Won’t Accept a Change BEING overweight is the same sort of problem. Not long ago I took heft to heart. I ran two miles every day and ten on holidays. At the end of six months I was thin as a rail. The doctor advised rest in bed and an occasional eggnog. But my leanness remained a professional secret between me and the physician. Everybody ‘else went on talking and joking and wisecracking as if I were as fat as ever . My name was Frankenstein, and, I had created a monster which’ could not be demolished. And so I haven’t worked very hard lately to get thin. There would be no use in it. Nobody would know. And that matter of work is another field in which the myth has destroyed the man. In the years of my sloth I decided to adopt a shrewd piece of advice once offered by George Bernard Shaw. I think it is in “Pygmalion” that one of the characters remarks in effect that if you have a vice and can't get rid of it it may be a smart thing to make a virtue of it. Accordingly, I began to write about myself in the column as an intensely lazy man. I perfected a slouch and a southern drawl. It amused me to rise at dawn and write columns of how I always stayed in bed until noon or later. Such people as read the column accepted this as true fact. I even convinced myself. I had been a little lazy, but by dint of hard work I managed to recreate myself into torpidity. 000 Can’t Live It Down EUT changing circumstances of one sort and another threw me into new responsibilities. I took over a string of obligations in the courts of a year which made it nec-

A fever that is not exceedingly high or prolonged is not especially harmful to the body, particularly if the amount of fluid in the body is watched and enough of the right type of food is put into the body to prevent too great a wastage of the tissues. A normal temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. A great many investigations indicate that temperatures over 100 degrees Fahrenheit are unfavorable to the growth of bacteria and may inhibit the action of some of the poison developed by the bacteria. As will be shown later in the disdiscussion of many of the individual infections which attack human beings, it is much better to prevent infections than to endeavor to treat them after they have been established.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those ol one of America's most interesting writers and are presented witbont regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

essary for me to work fifteen or sixteen hours a day. None of these stunts was in any sense sacrificial, but all of -them absorbed both time and interest. I dashed about from place to place making speeches, attending rehearsals, sitting in conferences. And yet even people who saw me streaking from place to place with the speed of an antelope would still remark, “Isn’t that Broun the laziest man you ever saw?” Os course not all the myths which I created about myself were punishing. There were two which I made up that happened to be distinctly flattering. I refer to the legend of generosity and moral courage. Asa matter of plain fact, I am much more timid than indolent and stingy and And in any case I’m going to make it my life work from now on to create a different sort of role for myself—on paper. (Copyright, 1932. by The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Recently a number of articles have appeared in local papers advocating as a cure for the present economic crisis the mandatory withdrawal of married women from industry. One such paragraph states “That wives are not doing interesting office work because of the desire to develop and exercise latent powers or to participate in the struggle of today, as much as it is their desire for money and position.” I wonder just how many would be left in industry if pay envelopes were not forthcoming. While many vitally are interested in their jobs as such, the economic reason is the real reason most of us are on the job, and sex or the marital status of the worker has little to do with the need for money. In His infinite wisdom, God created woman to be a helpmate to man, not a plaything, not yet a servant, but his co-worker. When life was simple all men tilled the soil or hunted and fished, and women baked, cooked, spun and wove. But civilization marched on. The occupations of the home were carried out into the factories, and women of necessity followed. We may decry this fact, but we can not stem the tide of evolution. For weal or woe, progress ever is onward, and we can no more bring back the conditions of yesterday than we can condense the plant into the seed from which it sprung. Talents are varied in women, just as they are in men, and while some find happiness in domesticity, others see different lines of endeavor as their life work. This new competition is unwelcome to the men who are not sure of themselves and the present industrial crisis has been their cue to agitate women's removal from industry. So that they may have apparent justification for their policy, they have fabricated the pleasant fiction that married women tlo not need jobs. Unfortunately, this is not borne out by facts. Os the million married women gainfully employed in this country, unbiased statistics show that 95 per cent are working because of economic necessity. Five per cent are so-called pin money workers. There probably are as great a percentage of workers among other classes, single men with no dependents, married men who hafe more than a competence, single women, daughters of wealthy fathers, who do not need their wages for “bread and milk.” It is a long cry from "Amnrica,

INOV. 11, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Brilliant Display of Meteors Expected by Astronomers in November. , /k STRONOMERS are hoping foi a more brilliant shower of shooting stars this month than have been seen at any time in the last sixty years. They are pinning their hope on the November meteors, known as the Leonids, because they appear to originate in the constellation of lion, or Leo. These celestial fireworks are seen each year in November. But every thirty-three years they are particularly brilliant. In 1833. the display was so brillant that it seemed as though the whole sky was raining fire. In fact, this spectacular event aroused so much interest in the scientific world that the modern study of meteors may be said to have been put in motion by it. Again, in 1866, there was a most spectacular and brilliant display of shooting stars. On the night of Nov. 13, 1866, so many meteors were seen flashing across the sky that observers near London were unable to record all of them. They came so rapidly that the astronomers were able only to note the brighter ones. A spectacular shower was expected in 1899, but to the great surprise and disappointment of the astronomers, it did not take place. Astronomers now are convinced that the planet Jupiter was to blame for the lack of a show in 1899. In 1930 and 1931 the November I showers were extremely good and it is for that reason, that astronomers expect a big show this month. m m u Watch Eastern Sky THE constellation of Leo comes over the horizon about midnight, Professor J. J. Nassau, director of the Warner & Swasey observatory of Case School of Applied Science, says. The meteors, therefore, will be visible in the eastern sky between midnight and sunrise. Dr. Nassau says that he and his associates at the observatory plan to begin their watch on the night of Sunday, Nov. 13, and to continue it until the night of Nov. 19. He says, however, that the most spectacular shower is to be expected on the night of Nov. 16. He adds, however, that it is likely to occur a night earlier or later. Dr. Nassau expects to have two observing parties on the job, one located at the observatory and one twenty-five miles out in the country. In this way they hope to get records which will enable them to calculate the heights at which meteors appeared, the lengths of their trails, and the speed at which they were moving. “The average meteor is no larger than a grain of sand,” Dr. Nassau says. “It enters the earth’s atmosphere and becomes luminous, as a result of friction against the atmosphere, at a height of about eighty miles. “It burns itself out, as a rule, by the time it has come down to a height of forty miles. “The average speed of a meteor is about thirty miles a second. That explains why so tiny an object as a grain of sand can generate such a fiery trail. “Asa result of its high speed, it possesses a tremendous amount of energy.” * tt B Meteoric Swarm 'T'HE an °ual November shower of A shooting stars is due to a great swarm of meteors—chunks of rock grains of sand, dust and gaseous material—moving around the sun in a great elliptical orbit. One end of the orbit is near the sun. The other is near the orbit of the planet Uranus. While some material seems to be scattered throughout the entire orbit, most of it is concentrated on one big swarm It takes this swarm thirty-three years to go around the sun. The orbit of the swarm cuts across the orbit of the earth. Our earth therefore passes through the orbit of the Leonids each November. The result is a display of shooting stars. 8 But once every thirty-three years the swarm itself is at the point where the earth cuts through its orbit. Therefore, every thirty-three years we should get an unusually fine and spectacular shower. As noted before, the expected display did not occur in 1899. Astronomers believe that this was due to the gravitational pull of the planet Jupiter, which that year passed close enough to the swarm to bend it out of its normal path. Astronomers believe, however, on the basis of the displays of 1930 and 1931, that there should be a good show this year. Astronomers have traced the history of the Leonids back to the year 126 A. D. the Land of Opportunity,” to an America where one certain class loses the right to work because they have bread and milk. If such a communistic theory is to be tried out, would it not be more equitable to make the right to work contingent upon a starvation status for every one? Might it not barely be possible that a few bachelors would not starve if they gave up their jobs to the more needy? With ten million unemployed, the shifting of the burden of unemployment from one set of shoulders to another, by shifting one million jobs, will be of no material help. It is because of these grave injustices advocated by those too ignorant of economic issues to know whereof they speak that the National Association of Working Women is espousing the cause of the married woman in industry. I wonder if all those so glibly advocating placing the burden of the depression on this particular class would subscribe to the tenets of the National Association of Working Women: "As a temporary expedient, it is the patriotic duty of every one (man and woman alike, married or unmarried) who can do so, provided he or she has a job which can be equally well filled by another, to relinquish that job to a more needy individual. But this is an emergency measure only, and is unthinkable as a standard to be set up for civilization now in the making.” IDA S. BROO, National Association of Working Women.