Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 155, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 November 1932 — Page 4

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Germany’s Real Ruler Germany .will continue under a reactionary dictatorship. Parliamentary government is buried, at least for a while. JThe republic exists in name only, and merely because its opponents are too busy fighting among themselves to take the trouble to junk it. Such is the meaning o! the German national election. The strength of the Von Papan government in the new parliament will be nardly more than in the last, wl)ich voted it down, 12 to 1. Just as the last parliament was dissolved to allow the minority junkers to continue their dictatorship, so the new parliament probably will be sent home promptly. Hlndenburg may decide that It would be too raw to retain Von Papen in office after this overwhelming defeat at the polls, and so unload him. But whether Von Papen goes or stays is no consequence whatever; he is only a puppet. Any one of a score of other junkers could serve as a facade for a monocle cabinet as well as he. The real ruler of Germany today, of course, is General Kurt von Schleicher. He is the darling of the junkers, the maker of cabinets, the boss of Hindenburg, and—the most important of all—master of the army. Von Schleicher, not Hitler, is the Mussolini of Germany. To Von Schleicher the election is pleasing, despite the failure of his parties to poll more than a small minority—he does not need parliamentary strength, finding it far easier to rule without a parliament. It pleases him because it reveals the popular decline of Hitler, the weak competitor of Von Schleicher for Fascist control. Hitler, having suffered a loss in popular vote # from 38 to 33 per cent of the total within three months, no longer can hope to seize the government by legal means. For Hitler It now is the long-threatened, but always postponed, “march on Berlin,” or nothing*. Probably Hitler will not march; if he does, Von Schleicher’s army probably will wipe him out. While these two counter-revolutionary leaders fight for power amid the ruins of the republic, the German people are swinging away from all moderate parties and toward the revolutionary Left. The Communist party carried Berlin. Throughout Germany the Communists gained 13 per cent, compared with the July election, and 60 per cent since last April. Most of the Hitler losses were desertions to the Communists. The big showdown, when it comes, will be between the junker-capitalist alliance, probably still led by Von Schleicher, and the Communists. In either case, there seems little hope for resurrection of the late Republican and peace policies of Germany, which France and Great Britain In their blindness helped to kill. For a decade and more the neutrals of the world have warned that Franco-British imperialism and militarism would destroy the spirit of German pacifism and inflame anew German militarism. That no langer Is a prophecy. It now is a fact.

The Scottsboro Decision None can read without elation the supreme court's 7-to-2 decision granting new trials to the seven Negro boys sentenced to hang for alleged assault in the Scottsboro affair. Here was not only even-handed equity for those of an exploited race, but rebuke for those who pervert the courts of the land as instruments for race and class intimidation. There is nobility in these words read by Justice Sutherland: “However guilty the defendants on due inquiry might prove to have been, they were, until convicted, presumed to be innocent. It was the duty of the courts having their cases in charge to see that they were denied no necessary incident of fair trial.” Such Justice, the seven judges found, has been denied by the Alabama trial court. The Negro boys were denied time and opportunity to obtain adequate counsel. The trial “from beginning to end took place jn an atmosphere of tense, hostile and excited public sentiment.” That they were “ignorant and illiterate” strangers, and stood “in deadly peril of their lives,” made the court's duty to protect their rights more imperative. It was unfortunate that Communists sought to picket the supreme court prior to reading of the decision. Their demonstration, of course, had no effect, since the opinion had been reached some days before. The same can not be said for the picketing mob which helped turn the original Alabama trial into a virtual court lynching. - The supreme court found that the defendants had been denied due process under the fourteenth amendment. “To hold otherwise,’’ it concluded, “would be to ignore the fundamental postulate, already adverted to, ‘that there are certain immutable principles of justice which inhere in the very idea of free government which no member of the Union may disregard.” The decision should be a warning to lower courts, especially of the south, that the Negro race still Is protected by the Constitution of the United States. Education’s Zero Hour This education week is the time to heed warnings of educators and social workers that the American School system is in danger. Hard times and high taxes are crushing the schools. Investigations by the National Education Association of conditions in four-fifths of all cities with populations of 100,000 or more reveal that school budgets are being cut ths year an average of BV4 per cent under last, and 12 per cent under 1930—which in many cases means reduction below the efficiency point. More than 85 per cent of the cities have cut teachers’ salaries, already extremely low. Retrenchment is even heavier in rural sections. “Our schools have reached the zero hour,” writes one state superintendent. “Already, five counties have announced that they will not open school or that they Will cloee after two or three weeks. Other counties will follow similar plans.” - Public education should not need to sell itself to this republic. With all that free scoolihg means, it takes only 3.35 per cent of the national income. The investment in school property is less than 2*4 per cent of the national wealth. Although we are the world's richest nation, we spend relatively less in taxes than major European countries. Education is at once the most valuable and the Cheapest American commodity. It costs only an average of 51 cents a day for educating a child through kindergarten and high school. Its dividends in human values and social benefits are fabulous. While the schools face their zero hour, the call upon their services is greater than ever. Attendance Is increasing everywhere, due to unemployment. More

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIFPR-HOWABD NEWSPAPEB) ow 2.* <l dfc,l3r < xce Pt Sunday) by The Indlananolia Tim*. Pnhil.Mn. 214-220 Went Maryland Street. Indlanapolia. Ind. Price In Mario nr,,,? no ** . copy; elsewhere. 3 cent—delivered by carrier. Cn.® MaU fubacripMon rates In Indiana, $3 e year; outside of Indiana, 65 cent, a month D Emto? LEY ' ROT £ ” d °*: ARD "earl i>- baker, fcaUOr Prealdent Business Manager PHONE— Ullev 5561. Zr~~~~~r 1 TUESDAY. NOV, 8, 1932. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance Newsnsner elation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau crrc^ti,^ 8 °~ “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.” '

and more the education system must absorb "the new' leisure” caused by machines. Tax-ridden communities can remodel their tax system, effect economies In elimination of graft and of useless governmental units, pry loose from the pay roll nonfunctioning officials, and make other necessary and desirable economies. The public schools should be the last, not the. first, to suffer. Destroy Slums In the midst of the campaign’s sound and fury, an excellent undertaking of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation has been overlooked generally. It should receive belated praise. The corporation has agreed to loan approximately four million dollars for construction of model tenemens In New York City, and this is by far the best investment, from the standpoint of human dividends, so far made with the government’s big self-liquidating loan fund. New York state Is the only one so far whose laws in regard to tenement replacement, through limited dividend corporations, comply with loan requirements of the R. F. C. But this fact should be no bar to generous extension of the new policy. New York has other similar projects w r aiting funds and Its neftd for decent living quarters probably is greater than that of any other city. It should ask for and receive more loans for this purpose. Meanwhile, legislatures meeting this winter in nearly all states should not fail to consider slum clearance as one of the best possible answers to the general problem of providing work for the unemployed, and should make all possible haste to bring their laws on this subject into compliance with federal loan requirements. New York’s new model apartments will rent for no more than sll a room. Altogether 1,581 families will be able to live in clean, healthful surroundings for a price they can afford. Hundreds of thousands of others need to be brought out of the slums into the sunshine and air; and now the federal government stands ready to help, If local communities will help, too. Last of the Cabbies There’s more than irony In the death of Tim Murphy of Boston. For years, Tim, with his well-groomed horse and shiny hansom cab, held out against his enemy, the taxi. Other of Boston’s once proud cabbies had gone down to defeat. Tim was the last. Latterly he hfid made a living of sorts by carting rollicking Harvard men about Boston on Friday and Saturday nights. Last Saturday night was football night and business was about. But Tim felt low. He decided to run home for a bit. Tying his ancient nag at the curb, he started to walk homeward. Becoming weak, he hailed a taxi. As the taxi rolled over the familiar cobblestones ward his home, Tim died—in the arms of his enemy. Tim Murphy, of course, is only one among millions. Millions of other faithful workmen have been thrown out, of their jobs by machines —sailors, switchmen, ditch diggers, cotton pickers, glass blowers, miners, and the rest. They are left helpless in an age that has no answer, save charity, for their problem. Anew school for apartment house janitors has been opened in Kansas City. We’ll gladly pay the tuition of ours if he’ll try to learn something about keeping us warm in winter and cool In summer. - ‘ "T** That Canadian farmer who sold two steers for $15.15 and then had to pay a freight bill of $15.10 on them was lucky at that. He didn’t lose money on the deal. "American Fleet Irritates Japan”—News story. Well, a lot of American taxpayers know exactly how the Japanese feel, too. Those states in the east that are driving each other’s trucks off the roads are winning a lot of support—from the pleasure-car motorist! Prance’s plan to organize a European “peace army” reminds us of the man who puts his finger in a mouse-trap to see if It will work. Soviet Russia has started a drive to make marriage offices more cheerful . . . anything to keep the prospective husband from realizing his peril. The principal difference between an amateur and a professional these days seems to be that the amateur is so much more professional. They say the horse is coming back. This may mean more stable employment.

Just Every Day Sense

BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

FROM general observation, I should say that the woman who does nothing but bring up her children seldom brings up very good ones. Hence I can not share in the general excitement about mothers having other work and other interests. The woman who concentrates with deadly earnestness upon this single job of mothering will, in nine cases out of ten. develop a single-track mind. Thinking so much and so continuously about her family, she nearly always ends by thinking for them—and this is where the mischief comes in. Admiration for the old-fashioned woman has become almost a cult with us. We haven’t given any too much thought to the subject, or we would muffle our clamor. To be sure, the old-fashioned mother did rear pretty fair children, and the reason’for that was that she did not spend much time on them. She had no leisure for the business. Since she must cook and wash and scrub and sew for the family, year in and year out, and since she had many instead of few children, she was obliged to let them alone most of the time. * * a LUCK, too, was with her. She had no worries i about traffic accidents or complexes. She generally lived on a farm or in a sparsely populated district where there was plenty of room for the youngtsers to roam at large. Modern children are little slaves. Vassals, first to parental ideas of how they must be reared, next to the regulations set up by the school systems, and, following that, by the conventions of a mechanized civilization. And so it seems to me the youngsters need more rather than less freedom of spirit. They need liberty to develop their own individualities and would. I believe, be better with far less tutelage from parents and teachers. When you consider how’ many times adults have been proved wrong in their opinions, it’s a wonder that we have the temerity left to make many rules for the young. In the face of past mistakes, how can we ever be cure we are right?

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says: Hoover Will Go Down Into History as One of Our Most Thoroughly R e p u and i a ted Executives. • NEW YORK, Nov. B.—This is the tenth time I have sat down to forecast the result of a presidential I election the night before it took place. Only once have I felt at* all perplexed. That was in 1916, when i Hughes ran against Wilson and threw away his chance by giving Senator Hiram Johnson of California the cold shoulder. It is difficult to see how any impartial observer could have miscali culated the result on any of the eight other occasions. Contrary to popular belief, recent elections in this country have been far from close. Neither has campaigning played much of a part in determining them. Asa general proposition, the vote would have been about the same if taken in June, instead of November. Much as that may reflect on professional politics, it is to the credit of popular intelligence. The vast majority of people do their own thinking. The dominating factor in all campaigns is whether the party in power has given satisfaction. If it has not, arguing does little good. u ideal for Republic IN my own judgment, that is the ideal conditipn in a republic. I would have small faith in the future of this country if I felt that the majority of people were unable to judge and be guided by the record of an administration. Furthermore, I believe that they are justified In appraising the record by its effect on Their own lives. What purpose does a government serve if not to make things better for the majority of people? If that is not the great ..objective, why all this talk about living standards? ’ Outcome of this particular election has been a foregone conclusion since last spring. Roughly speaking, the average family failed to get that “chicken In the pot,” which it had been promised. In thousands of cases, it not only failed to get the chicken, but lost the pot. Call such an attitude vulgar, if you like, but it’s human and it makes votes. s n tt Must Feel Prosperity RIGHTLY, or wrongly, the people of this country have been trained to associate prosperity with the administration of government, not as it can be demonstrated by statistics, but as it can be felt and experienced by the average individual. You just can’t make ten million unemployed people believe that a great victory has been won over depression, or that they ought to forget their poverty on election day, because some banks and business institutions are able to borrow money from the government. After telling this country that it could live and get along all right in “splendid isolation,” you can’t persuade it that the depression needed to years because the rest of the W'orld was in bad shape. n tt >t Not Much for Hoover SUCH a set-up removes all doubt as to how this election’ will go. President Hoover is sure of carrying only two states —Maine and Vermont. He probably will carry New Hampshire, Deleware, Kansas and Wyoming. He may carry Massachusetts, Connecticutt, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, though I doubt it. When you have said that much, you have said it all. Considering the huge majority with which he was elected four years ago, President Hoover will go down as one of the most thoroughly repudiated chief executives in our history; will go to take his place with the Adamses and Martin Van Buren, and his party will be years recovering from the shock. The calamity howling, resorted to in a desperate effort to change votes at the. last moment, will not outlive the election returns. The first and most pronounced effort of the change which the American people have decided to bring about will be a feeling of renewed hope. People simply won’t go on glooming when they get what they want.

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—ln twenty years of being a reader and admirer of Scripps-How’ard papers around the country, I crave the indulgence of the editor and any Times readers whose toes I step on in my remarks. 1 should say mostly Star readers and writers, because this letter really is more addressed to the Star. The Scripps-Howard editors have shown themselves unafraid to champion the cause of the “forgotten man.” The editor probably will recall old “Neg” Cochran, and what a fighter he was on the News-Bee up in Toledo. Well, I was an admirer of his twenty years ago. I also read the Columbus Citizen and Cincinnati Post, and in any town I’m in and can't get hold, the ScrippsHoward papers, I feel a loss. • I don’t always agree with all the opinons of the editor of The Times, but a person can not ignore the fact that The Times is a progressive paper and a champion of the masses. For about nineteen years I have been a Republican, but after listening to some of the drivel M. W. Pershing and some others write, I thank God I am not one of those diehards who can not change his political belief. I would venture to say some of these bif.ter-enders for Hoover, Watson & Cos., like Mr. Pershing, don’t know there is a depression on, but I .happen to know that the depression started for me in 1930 and there were at least ten million of us then and quite a few more millions since. Mr. Pershing always is deriding ex-President Wilson and praising Hoover, Watson, etc. While not agreeing with Wilson in international policy and some of his other policies, I can not see how he can compares those times with these. I never have seen, and hope never to see again, timees like these. He brings up some arguments about rents, soup houses, factories being closed and so forth from 1914 to 1817 that are so silly and nonsen-

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE F6ur Factors Enter Into Infection

B 1 DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeta. the Health Magazine. IT has been estimated that 50 per cent of all diseases about which medicine knows most are caused by attacks on the human body by germs capable of causing disease. If one includes all the diseases which represent complications and after-effects of infections of the hujnan body, the percentage probably is much greater. Students of infection are inclined to include four factors as chiefly responsible for infection of the body: First, the presence of a germ with sufficient toxic power to grow in the body; second, a sufficient number of these germs to overcome attacks by the body against the germ; third, some special condition in the body that makes it possible for the germ to live and grow, and fourth, some method of getting the germ into th,e body.

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H S D

I’M for shorter presidential campaigns. I don’t mean necessarily that they should start later in the year, but there should be a breathing spell. Each nominee might have a week or so in August to outline his program, and then it might be a fine idea for all the candidates to gq into seclusion and just think for five weeks. During this lull the rest of us could also be thinking. Only the candidates would, be debarred from talking, of course. During the intervals between work and play the average man profitably might look around in search of another average man and then discuss with him calmly enough the points of cleavage between the nominees. But red fire, ballyhoo, swings around the country, speeches from the rear platform—all these things would be punishable by a fine of not more than SIOO cr three months in jail. 8 8 8 A Chance to Catch Breath AFTER a decent pause, during which the country might have time to digest the points involved,

sical I shall not try to answer them. I just will let the readers who lived during those days answer more in detail if they so wish, Mr. Pershing, I notice, mentions some of the miners who have gone back to work in Indiana and the 1,600 men going back, to work at the Beech Grove shops. Well, Mr. Pershing, if I understand correctly that he was an exnewspaper editor, should know how that is worked. If they say 1,600 went to work, it was more likely 600 or maybe sixty. I and thousands of others have answered some of those ads and found them wanting in truth. Now, in closing, I want to say that this -letter was written by an exRepublican, and when I say “ex,” I mean very much so. I hope the readers will bear with this poorly written epistle, because I am not an ex-editor, but a machinist wjio has lost about $3,500 irr wages during this Hoover-chicken-in-every-pct depression. After twenty years of dumb voting, I am going to vote intelligently —cast a vote straight for the Socialist party. I would rather waste my vote, as they put it, than to vote for either of the two old parties, and I figure for the first time in my life I am using my vote intelligently. One last word, Mr. Pershing: If President Hoover and Senator Watson really wanted to do so much for our country, why did they wait until the tail-end of the administration, or just before election? J. C. KENT. 408 North New Jersey street. Editor Times—l am convinced firmly that the grand old Hoosier state is going to do herself proud on Nov. 8 by sending to the United States senate her gifted son, Frederick Van Nuys. How I wish every citizen in Indiana knew Fred Van Nuys as I know him. I am spe|king particularly as one associated w-*h him in the 1913 and

The Last Word!

Were it not for the fact that human beings develop within their bodies conditions which make it difficult for germs to live and grow, the .human race long since would have been destroyed by the bacteria. However, the resistance which the human being has because of these conditions is not absolute. In the first place, the condition of the human being changes from time to time and there is evidence that resistance is decreased when the body is undernourished greatly, or when a person is exceedingly fatigued, or when he has been exposed to sudden severe changes of temperature, or in several other ways. Therefore, the line of defense varies in its strength from time to time and when the enemy is sufficiently numerous, or sufficiently strong, it breaks through. For this reason, even in the most severe epidemics, some people es-

the candidates might be allowed to come out of their caves and speak a little more. By now some new problems have arisen, and also the voters would be in a position to task intelligent questions. They would have some idea of what it was all about. There might even be a law forbidding anybody to make a. public political speech except the men or women actually running for office. It has been highly confusing to have to look at Mr. Hoover through a Mills darkly or to decide whether the excellent speeches of A1 Smith actually have any relationship to the plans and policies of Franklin D. Roosevelt. For instance, I am puzzled at the attitude of some who have declared that they intended to vote for Roosevelt up to the time that A1 made his Newark speech and spoke about religious bigotry. An analogy was drawn between this address and the remark about “Rum, Romanism and Rebellion,” which is supposed to have defeated Blaine. In the case of that lost and lamented leader I think he had every right to complain, because, after

1915 sessions of the Indiana state senate, where he was loved and admired by all of his associates, Republicans as well as Democrats. His genial personality, unquestioned sincerity and honesty, courage and unusual ability were recognized by all. No one ever has uttered a single word of criticism of his public record or private life. Fred Van Nuys will honor his state, and his state will be honored, by his presence in the senate. I predict that he will not occupy a seat in this great body more than a year until he is recognized as one of the foremost statesmen in our country. When I say this I am expressing the sentiment and belief of every Democrat associated with him in the state legislature—and of a number of prominent Republicans as well. Hoosier citizens should be proud of the opportunity to vote and work for a man like Fred Van Nuys. “They love him best who know him best.” What greater tribute could be paid to any man? CHESTER A. M’CORMICK.

Questions and Answers

Are the diplomatic representatives of Bolivia and Paraguay in the United States ambassadors? They hold the rank of minister. What is the term of thee Governor of New Jersey? Three years. When did Christy Mathewson play his last game in a world baseball series? Oct. 11, 1913, when he pitched for the New York Giants against the Philadelphia Athletics and was defeated, 3 to 1. : i -V ~. t :

cape, although there are conditions in which practically every one attacked is unable to resist the invasion. Such conditions occur, for example, when a population among whom a disease never has previously appeared suddenly comes in contact with the disease. This occurred in the Faroe islands, when measles was brought by a ship carrying white men, at which time more than half the population of the islands died of measles. It some times happens that the resistance of the body to one disease is broken down by a mild attack of a previous disease. For instance, a person who has had Influenza or diabetes or tuberculosis, thereafter may develop pneumonia or typhoid fever or rheumatic fever or tuberculosis much easier than! he would have previously. S

Ideals and opinions expressed In this column are those oi one of America’s most interesting writers' and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

all, he didn’t say the offensive words himself. He never noticed them, and they had not the slightest relationship to his own qualifications or lack of them. But some chance remark of even the most obscure partisan sometimes will be visited upon the poor defenseless head of the candidate himself. tt tt tt Pin the Blame on Me I HAD a letter from a man the other day who announced that he was going back to Hoover, after a strong inclination to support Norman Thomas. He said he had decided to do this because he had recently learned that I went to speakeasies and that I even had spoken well of the old-fashioned saloon on certain occasions. But it was quite impossible for me to figure out the precise relationship between my vices and the politics of Norman Thomas. For too many years people have been voting for or against some particular candidate because he was good to his mother or not particularly kind to his wife. I am wondering when America is coming of age. An election is an intelligence test in a rather vital way. If Herbert Clark Hoover is returned to office today, I think It will show that ths intellectual age of the voting population is approximately 5Vi years. If Governor Roosevelt is chosen, I am willing to stretch a point and agree that we have a national I. A. of 6 years. But when are we going to grow T up? Why, may I ask, these last few final weeks of fury, in which all the potential Lincolns and Jeffersons act like angry tots of 3 and 4? # tt tt One More Plot Story ONLY yesterday I read that Ruth Nichols had crashed in a plane dedicated to a nonstop flight across the continent in the interest of President Hoover. Immediately it was darkly hinted by a minor official in Republican national headquarters that the plane had been tampered with. He quite evidently was pointing in the direction of the Democrats. But could anything be much more preposterous? Miss Nichols is an excellent flier—one of the best—but, as far as I know, her reputation as an orator is far more fragmentary. To put it frankly, who would care whether, she got to California to make a speech for Hoover or not? To be even more blunt, jdst what masses are palpitating to hear Hoover or Roosevelt once again? When will any of these candidates learn to get off the stage and give the voter a chance? (CoDvriKht. 1932. bv The Time*) Where Is Liberia Do Negroes hold office there? It is a Negro republic in West Africa, where only Negroes can vote and hold office. Where does the Yukon river rise and empty? It rises in a number of small I streams and tarns in British Coi lumbia, its main forming basin or j reservoir being Lake Bennett, and | empties into Norton sound, Bering 'sea, about sixty miles southwest of St. Michael.

NOV. 8- 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Telephony Has Reached the Stage Where Conversations Can Be Carried on Between Any Two Cdntincnts. DEVELOPMENT of world-wide telephony has reached the stage where it is possible to carry on a conversation between any two continents on earth. In some cases, this can be done by direct circuit. In others, either Europe or North America must be used as a relay or “switching” point. This development, which has come about in the last five years, was described Gherardi, vice-president and chief engineer of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, and Frank B. Jewett, president of the Bell Telephone laboratories, in a paper presented before the International Electrical Congress in Paris. Overseas radio telephone experiments were carried on in 1915. The human voice was sent from Washington to Paris and from Washington to Hawaii. The war. however, delayed further developments at the time. The first inkling which the public received of what was in store was when a radio link was established between the California coast and Catalina Island in 1920. This radio link made it possible to carry on a conversation with the telephone users of the island from any telephone in the United States. “In 3927,” Gherardi and Jewett tell us, “after a period of intensive experimentation and development work, commercial service between Europe and North America was opened to the public. This was the first step in the expansion of telephonic service from a continental scope to a world-wide scope.” tt 8 tt Thirty-Seven Circuits THERE are at present, Gherardi and Jewett tells us, 37 intercontinental circuits, totaling about 168,000 miles in length. “All are radio circuits,” they say. “One. in the New York-London group, is a long-wave circuit operating at approximately sixty kilocycles; the others are short-wave circuits in the range between 6,000 and 23,000 kilocycles.” The direct circuits connect North America with Europe, South America and Hawaii; also Europe with South America, eastern Asia, Australia and Java; also Java with eastern Asia. A circuit between North America and eastern Asia and a circuit between Europe and South Africa now are in process of development. “Europe and North America, the two largest highly-industrialized areas of the world, contain about 90 per cent of the world’s, telephones,” our two authors say. It is natural that intercontinental telephone business in volume should develop first between those two areas. Here service is maintained on a twenty-four-hour basis and a group of four circuits is in use. “Elsewhere, however, intercontinental connections consist at the present time of a single circuit o-* more frequently, the part time’usa of a circuit, the apparatus being arranged to share its time between two or more distant terminals.” tt 8 8 Pioneer Conditions and Jewett say truly VJ that one can not help but be impressed by the rapid development of world-wide telephony. They hasten to add, however, that we are “in an early stage of development and present service suffers limitations of pioneer conditions.’” Dependence in so many cases upon a single intercontinental circuit, which often is shared on a party line’ basis between two or i?mifa£ mi M a 7 points ’ is one of these limitations, they continue. , Another is the variation in transmisson characteristics and the susceptibility to interruption, which mpTf 6 f PrCS T nt stage of developradl° are characteristic especially of short-wave circuits on some of the more important routes. he , raP 7 y with whlch th e first have teen taken is perhaps the best assurance that advance will continue to be rapid as the commer“a" and f ° r , lncreasin e amounts ot service develops.’” Plans are under way to extend greatly the number of circuits and the points reached, the two authors The world-wide telephone network when completed, according to present plans, will link together the countries having 99 per cent nf telephones & SS&'Z ?rad P e C ° f the wor W’s foreign related to the establishthe P °lhTT rC ° ntinental circults 15 ?, b Sh^ ent of telephone •umce from European and North t 0 a number of pasthe g Nnrth Se i S H n °i mally °P era ng on tne North Atlantic and other passenger routes,” they say. P in SL addi F on ’ work 18 advancing ” hle . ( equipment of fishing fleets, ' e , t . c> hut this service pertains fpipnvT y '^ e continental telephone service.”

M TODAY $3 A WORLD WAR \ anniversarv

DRIVES continue /'AN Nov. 8, 1918, the American army drove German troops out of the last dominating position east of the Meuse. French troops continued their drive, capturing Mezieres. as the German envoys discussed possible peace terms with allied representatives. Prince Maximillian of Baden resigned as chancellor of Germany, but his resignation was not accepted. The Bavarian republic was established, as revolutionary groups seized Hamburg. Bremen. Bremerhaven, Cuxhaven and Schwerin. Daily Thought A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation.—lsaiah 60:22. I would rather be right tharj president.—Henry Clay.