Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 153, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 November 1932 — Page 1

—This Is Your Column— You Say It Be Your Own Columnist; Page One Is Wide Open for Your Views.

Editor Timet — I HAPPENED to read an item in the Indianapolis News Nov. 3 in which Harvey A. Grabill stated that you can, at the present time, pick out recipients of charity baskets in Indianapolis by pictures of Roosevelt in their windows. I have a picture of Roosevelt and also of Paul McNutt in my window (not put there through compulsion) but I do not receive a charity basket. Such a statement coming from a professional man, especially an attorney, is absurd. JOHN F. WALSH. M M U Editor Timet — IT appears that the Marion County i Association for Tax Reduction is attempting to represent to the: public taht only those candidates indorsed by said organization are pledged to tax reduction. Asa nominees for state representative on the Democratic ticket, 3, together with all other nominees on the Democratic ticket, am pledged to and will work for tax /eduction. There undobutedly are nominees for the legislature on the Republican ticket who stand for tax reduction, although they were not tXiamed by this association. Such representations are unfair to nominees on the Democratic and Republican tickets who are for tax reduction, but were not named by this organization. MISS BESS ROBBINS. hum Editor Timet — IN his Madison Square Garden speech, President Hoover dwelt at length upon the folly of a plan to alter “the very foundations of our American system." He then went on to say that this depression was “a break of the same type we have met fifteen times in a century!" It seems to me that when you have been hit fifteen times in the tame spot, it is time to move. He also stated: "The hours of labor have decreased, the twelvehour day has disappeared, even the nine-hour day has almost gone. How true! He might have gone on to say that for millions of men the one-hour day has also disappeared. Perhaps in his next speech he will boast of having given his countrymen an opportunity to sit through a no-hour day! PAUL BOXELL. HUM Editor Timet — I WISH to add my mite of appreciation for the unbiased way in which you have presented both sides of the political controversy in contrast to the “King Can Do No Wrong" attitude as followed by the two other local dallies. If the populace only will think back to the eight years of the Wilson administration— from the first to the last—when it was imp:ssible to walk the street for a single square at a time without seeing a heip wanted sign of some kind, in comparison to the no help wanted signs of today, it is hard to see how the electorate can fail to dismiss the C . O. P next Tuesday. W. G. WANSER, U M U Editor Times— Mr. HOOVER says he does not have to engage in promises. Naturally, he wouldn’t; that is what he was engaged in four years ago; it would be foolish for him to throw the same bait out the second time. He knows the American people will not bite. He says he may point to performances. I wonder if he would be afraid to point to these facts: Wheat the lowest in 300 years, corn being burned for fuel because there is no market. , .. . Girls and boys in and under their teens working in factories and mills for a few cents a day, doing the work their lathers or some other man ought to be doing at a living wage; high taxes imposed on the common people; 15 cents an hour paid for road work in Indiana, under the leadership of Republican Governor Leslie and that great senator, James Watson; eleven million people out of work, while the government is putting millions of dollars in the pockets of the rich. These and many other performances Mr. Hoover fails to point out. Let us get the Democratic platform to working, lor the sake of humanity. reader. • B M tt According to The Times, powers Hapgood. Socialist candidate for Governor, charges the Communists with being opposed to freedom of religious worship. That the charge is not true is evidenced by these facts: First— ln Communist Russia, religious liberty is guaranteed by the Soviet Constitution which reads: ‘ In order to guarantee to all workers real freedom of conscience, the church is separated from the state and the school from the church, and freedom of religious and antireligious propaganda is bestowed on all citizens.” Second—An Indianapolis construction engineer. W. A. Worsham, who spent eighteen months in the Soviet Union, has stated publicly on numerous occasions that churches were open, that he himself attended church. Third —Sherwood Eddy and Professor Harry F. Ward, prominent rellgtous leaders who have spent considerable time in Russia, both state that churches are functioning in Communist Russia. Fourth—Winifred L. Chappell, executive secretary of the Methodist Federation of Social Service, is supporting the Communist party and Its candidates, Foster and Ford, in this election. Fifth—As a result of the capitalist depression, the church is receiving less and less financial support so that capitalism in capitalist America probably Is closing more churches than have been closed by Communism in the U. S, S. R. A CHURCH MEMBER.

The Indianapolis Times

VOLUME 44—NUMBER 153

ROOSEVELT TO HIT CLIMAX IN DRIVE TONIGHT - Democratic Candidate to Make Final Appeal at Madison Square Garden. SCORES HOOVER POLICY Nominee and A! Smith Flay President for His ‘Misrepresentations.’ BY FREDERICK A. STORM United Press Staff Correspondent NEW YORK, Nov. s.—Franklin D. Roosevelt prepared today for the supreme effort of his national campaign for the presidency and his final appeal to the American electorate, at a mass meeting in Madison Square Garden tonight. The Democratic nominee went into the home stretch of the race with the apparently complete support of the man who was his chief rival for the nomination—Alfred E. Smith—who Friday night, arm in arm with him on a Brooklyn platform, re-emphasized party harmony and gave his principles full support. In his speech. Governor Roosevelt attacked President Hoover for what he termed “misrepresentation and misquotation” of his declarations on the abolition of poverty. Smith Rouses Crowd Following the Governor, Smith brought laughter and cheers from the audience in,an address replete with native humor and scathing in its satirical references to his opponents. Smith characterized Mr. Hoover as "the real leader of the dry party" and declared that ‘the farmer was forgotten, but the tariff was not." The former candidate told his audience that Mr. Hoover should have gone to the people at the beginning of his term, instead of “now making fourteen speeches a day,” to tell them the state of national affairs. Instead of that, he said, “it is a fact that the only news we had out of the White House for one solid year was a discussion as to where Dolly Gann was to sit when she entered a dining room." Assails Fear Campaign Governor Roosevelt, opening his speech, declared that the “attempt of the President to spread the gospel of fear” was the most "reprehensible act of a campaign that has yielded many examples of unscrupulous appeals for votes." The Governor declared that his opponent's assertion at Des Moines (Turn to Page Two) ROOSEVELT TO STICK Won’t Resign as Governor If Elected President. Bn l nited Press NEW YORK, Nov. s.—Sources close to Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt let it be known today that he would not resign from his present office if elected President Tuesday, as had been reported. The report that Roosevelt would quit as Governor if elected President was heard while he was on his swing through the south. In the Air Weather conditions at 9 a. m.: North wind, ten miles an hour; temperature, 48; barometric pressure, 30.43 at sea level; ceiling, high, broken, lower scattered clouds, hazy low cioucis moving rapidly from northeast, unlimited; visibility, four miles; field, good. Hourly Temperatures 6 a. m 49 8 a. m 47 7 a. m 48 9 a. m 48

See.... Sherlock Holmes At the Apollo As Times Guest Effort ive today and continuing until Friday, Nov. 11. two guest tickets to the Audio theater will he given with each live-time ad. The cost of a want ad in The Times is only 3 cents a \yoril. Every word is spelled out in full. The current attraction at the Apollo is Sherlock Holmes, with ('live Brook portraying the part of the great detective. Your Want Ad Accepted Until 10 P. M. Phone RI. 5551

nnERMINATION of one of the greatest national political campaigns Tuesday, when millions will cast their ballots, will find The Times prepared to give outstanding service to voters. Service, which will include blanket national, state and local coverage of the election and all Its interesting features, actually is started today. On another page of todrv's paper you will find a reproduction of part of the voting machine to be used in Marion county in Tues-

AUTO INJURIES ARE FATAL TO SARAHCOTTON Butler Registrar Dies in Hospital; Struck by Two Cars. Miss Sarah E. Cotton, 60, Butler university registrar, died today at city hospital of injuries received when she was struck by an auto Monday night at Forty-sixth and Meridian streets. Death ended twenty-one years’ service with the university, during which she gained a wide acquaintance among students and alumni. Miss Cotton succumbed to a fractured skull, inj j ternal injuries, and a M £ fractured arm. She re- " " mained in an unconscious condition since the accident. Her death raised the traffic toll in Marion county for the year to seventy-seven. Miss Cotton was struck while en route from the Butler campus to 22 East Forty-sixth street, where she made her home with Miss Carrie M. Meredith, secretary to Dr. Walter Scott Athearn, president of the university. Police believe she first was struck by a car driven by an unidentified person and hurled into the side of an auto driven by John Bertermann Jr., 20, of 5881 Washington boulevard. Bertermann was arrested on a charge of assault and battery and discharged Wednesday by Municipal Judge William H. Sheaffer. “ ■- ' • - • * *• * One Driver Escapes Bertermann told police that he carried Miss Cotton from the street and summoned police and an ambulance. Driver of the other auto escaped, he said. A member of the Christian church and the Kappa Alpha Theta sororityg Miss Cotton became registrar at Butler in 1912 under Thomas C. Howe, then president. She had served in the post since that time. She was past district president of the sorority. Prior to coming to Indianapolis she taught school in Hancock and Henry counties and taught for a year at Manual Training high school in 1898. In 1903 she entered the office of her brother, Fassett A. Cotton, then state superintendent of public instruction, where she served until 1911. She then entered the business office of Indiana university, where she remained until 1912, when she accepted the Butler registrarship. Born in Minerva She obtained her A. B. degree at Indiana university and her M. A. degree at Lake Forrest college, Lake Forrest, 111. She also attended Leland Stanford university. Miss Cotton was born at Minerva, Ind., Aug. 9, 1854, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. I. Cotton. Survivors, in addition to the brother, Fassett A. Cotton of Anderson, are a niece, Mrs. Charles W. Hyde of Wyoming, 0„ and a nephew, I. W. Cotton of Indianapolis, head of the I. W. Cotton Company, Inc. Funeral services probably will be held Monday. PORKERS CLOSE WEEK WITH GOOD UPSWING Cattle Nominally Steady on Light Receipts; Sheep Unchanged. Firm demand coupled with light receipts again carried hog prices up at the city yards this morning, most sales averaging 15 cents higher than Friday. The bulk, 100 to 300 pounds, sold for $3.50 to $3.60, the latter | figure representing the early top. 1 Receipts were estimated at 3,000; holdovers were 91. Cattle were nominally steady with receipts of 100. Vealers sold off 50 \ cents at $5 down. Calves receipts were 100. Sheep were unchanged, ranging from $5.50 down mostly with a top of $5.75. Receipts were 200.

READ THE TIMES AND CALL THE TIMES FOR REAL ELECTION SERVICE

day's election. With this are full instructions on how to vote, so that no Times reader can offer the excuse that he did not know how to operate the mechanism. In addition, The Times Monday will print a revised list of the location of the county polling places. To augment this service The Times, starting Monday morning at 8, will give the location of voting p’aces to cny one who calls R'. 5131. Thic. vith the published list will give you the last-

Fair tonight and probably Sunday: slightly colder tonight and somewhat warmer Sunday.

INDIANAPOLIS, SATURDAY, NOV. 5, 1932

Auto Victim

Sarah E. Colton

INSULL FIGHTS EXTRADITION; REPORTED ILL State of Greek Finances May Keep Cabinet From Aiding Ex-Magnate. FEAR U. S. REPRISAL Attorneys Contend Treaty Does Not Apply to Aged Chicagoan. BY ANTHONY KEDRAS United Press Staff Correspondent ATHENS, Greece, Nov. 5. Samuel Insull, former head of the wrecked Insull utilities interests, was held prisoner again today in a special room at police headquarters, as the American legation pressed its request for his extradition. The 72-year-old ex-millionaire was arrested at his hotel Friday. He will be examined by physicians today to determine whether he shall be confined in the regular prison or taken to a hospital. Two doctors who examined him today said he is suffering from diabetes, a heart weakness, and irregular blood pressure. Cabinet May Not Act The state of Greek finances may play a part in his extradition, it was indicated. The new cabinet of Panagiotis Tsaldaris may not intervene in his behalf, since the United States government is known to hold a favorable attitude toward the nation's indebtedness. Opposition to the extradition might jeopardize that attitude. Insull, after he had been made prisoner, telegraphed to his wife in Paris, expressing the hope that he wiil oe released today. His attorney. Christo Ladas, planned to appear before the appeals court and obtain his release. Tr snU spent Friday night and this morning in a high state of emotion after it became apparent he was to be arrested. He wept and a heart specialist suggested that he calm himself. Attorneys Seek Release When the police director called at the hotel, he permitted Insull to shave and eat before escorting him to headquarters. Later, the former millionaire was taken back to the hotel, to get his belongings. “I am ir darkness,” Insull said after his arrest. “I know nothing. I only am awaiting developments. His attorneys will seek his release on the gorund that the new extradition treaty between Greece and the United States, which just has become effective through an exchange of ratifications, does not include a provision dealing with persons who arrived in Greece before it was put into effect. POSSE TRAILS BANDITS Gunmen Get $15,000 at Bank, Kidnap Official, Customer. [lll United Press PASCAGOULA, Miss., Nov. 5 Two unmasked bandits robbed the First National bank of Pascagoula Friday and kidnaped the vice-presi-dent and a high school principal. The robbers got $15,000, it was reported. Sheriffs of Jackson county, Mississippi, and Mobile county, Alabama, aided by civilians, formed a posse seeking the bandits and their victims. COOLIDGE TO GO ON AIR Former President Will Speak for Hoover Monday Night. By United Press CHICAGO, Nov. 5 Former President Calvin Coolidge will make a final appeal to the nation in behalf of President Hoover's reelection when he speaks from his Northampton, Mass., home the night of Nov. 7, Chairman Everett Sanders of the Republican national committee announced today. Coolidge will speak on the same program that night as President Hoover, who then will deliver his final pre-election message. FAIL TO SAVE YOUTH 18-Year-Old Football Player Dies Here of Poisoning. Despite blood transfusions from his teammates on the Brazil high school football team. Tommy Knox, 18 died in Riley hospital Friday night of poison that set in following extraction of a tooth. The youth became ill more than a week ago. When volunteers for transfusions were sought, all of Tommy's gridiron companions offered. Ten transfusions were made in an effort to save his life. The 1 body was to be returned to Brazil 1 today.

minute data on where you cast your ballot. The phone sendee will be continued until 4 Monday afternoon. At 7 Tuesday morning The Times will resume this service and continue until the polls close at 6 p. m. Tuesday. MUM THEN, the minute the first national, state or local returns come in, they will be flashed on a huge screen across the street from The Times. Don't forget that a few m nuies rfter 6 will find The Times giving retura-by-return

Clash in State Grid Tilts Today

Prominent in today’s state feature football battles are: Ted Petoskey (top left), Michigan's versatile star who will perform at full back for the Wolverines against Indiana today, and Otis Edmonds (top right), Indiana’s line-smashing, long-

Depression End By United Press WASHINGTON, Nov. s.—Depression university closed its doors for the second and last time Friday, because no more than fifteen students were able to pay $250 for one year’s instruction. Pointing out that such an income would not meet expenses, the faculty said: “Either the depression is more depressed than ever, or among American youth the coonskin coat continues to take the place of the coonskin cap.”

POLITICIAN IS - BOMBTARGET Home of Chicago Precinct Captain Damaged. By United Press CHICAGO, Nov. s.—First violence of the Chicago election campaign broke out today with explosion of a bomb at the home of Bernard A. Weaver, Twenty-first ward precinct captain. Shock of the blast threw Weaver, his wife and five children from their beds. Windows were shattered in a racius of nearly a block. The bomb was placed in a passageway at the side of a two-apart-ment building owned by Weaver. Damage was estimated at SSOO. Weaver, chief state factory inspector, attributed the bombing to factional warfare in the Republican party, in which he is a prominent local worker. WAR WOMEN TO MEET Hoosier Unit of Overseas League Will Open Season. Hoosier unit of the Womens Overseas Service League will meet at 8 tonight in the Ball Residence Nurses’ home, 1232 West Michigan street. Calendar club boxes, to which each member contributes 1 cent for each day of the calendar year, will be opened. Money from the fund goes to disabled ex-serv’ce men and women and to community work. Plans for the winter program will be discussed. * TAX DEADUNE~I S~NEAR Sexton Warns no Extension Will Be Granted for County. With tax collections more than 30 per cent less than the same period a year ago, County Treasurer Timothy P. Sexton today warned that taxes must be paid by 4 p. m. Monday. Delinquent penalties then will be added. “There will be no extension in the tax deadline this fall,” Sexton announced.

service at Maryland street and Capitol avenue. Those figures, and new ones, compiled at high speed, will go into the night extras The Times will put on the streets. Get these extras, because they will have the latest. In addition to the night extras, The Times will have another edition on the street early Wednesday morning, to give developments of the night and early morning. Ben Stem. Times political writer, will be on the job day and night to explain the vote shifts. It will

Entered as Class MaMsr at PostoFiee, Indianapolis

punting, pass-tossing full back. Below (left) is Bob Stewart, Butler's hardrunning, 170-pound full back, and on the right is Bob Eels, Drake half back, who tangle at Fairvlew bowl today. t

VAN NUYS TAKES CLEAR-CUT STAND

Six-Point Program Is Given in Anderson Speech by Senate Candidate. BY BEN STERN ANDERSON, Ind., Nov. s.—Frederick Van Nuys, Democratic nominee for United States senator, went on record squarely here Friday night for the following progressive legislation : 1. Old age pensions. 2. Unemployment Insurance. 3. Federal aid for ex-service men. 4. Reducton of governmental expenditures. 5. Breaking the grasp of the power trust. 6. A bill making it a federal offense to Intimidate employes in an election. Van Nuys also assured the more than three thousand men and women gathered in the high school gymnasium that he never would vote for tariff which would lower the American standard of living “as it was before the Hoover boom." Parade Is Gigantic A Madison county parade for the “home town boy who made good,” which lasted for an hour and a quarter, preceded the meeting. Oldtimers here said it was the greatest ovation ever accorded anyone in their memory here. VanNuys formerly was prosecuting attorney for the county and represented it several terms in the state senate. Step by step VanNuys took up the issues of the day and declared himself for progressive legislation. “As I predicted early in this campaign, every special interest in this country has lined up for my oppon(Turn to Page Two)

Starting Monday in The Times Pink ‘T Am a Fugitive From a Chain Gang” The Story That Rocked the World! Based upon Warner Bros.’ sensational picture hit of the same name which comes to the Circle theater next Friday. You’ve read about the chain gang in screaming newspaper headlines . . . Now read the real story as told by a man who lived it. . . . Six breathtaking chapters adapted from the best seller by Robert E. Burns, who twice escaped from chain gang prison camps and who is at this moment still a fugitive. Don’t Miss the First Chapter.

be the climax to his recent tour of the state, when he sounded out the vote trend in the various districts. MUM TT'ROM the wires of the United -*■ Press will come the national and state news that will interest every voter. Some of the greatest political writers in the United States will be writing about the election. Every word will carry a punch. And here's the summary of The Times election service:

Dreams By t nited Press NEW YORK, Nov. 5.-The presidential election Tuesday will be “a stampede,” the fchairman of the Democratic and Republican national commiittees predicted today. Said Everett Saunders of the Republican committee: “It’s a Hoover stampede at the last hour.” Said James A. Farley of the Democratic committee: “It’s a Roosevelt stampede." Said one political commentator: It’s dream day in America."

CLAIM AUTOPSY BEFOREJEATH Officials Sued for $35,000 by Husband. By l nited Press MILWAUKEE, Nov. s.—La Salle Falk sued authorities today for $35,000 on charges that they started to perform an autopsy on his wife while she still was alive. He accused Coroner Henry Grundman, two of his assistants, and four police with taking Mrs. Falk to the morgue, pronouncing her dead and beginning an exploratory operation before she died. Four hours later Dr. Edward Miloslavich, famous pathologist, announced that a spark of life remained in the body. A fire department rescue squad worked an hour and a half in vain before Mrs. Falk was pronounced dead a second time. The case attracted International attention last February. Coroner Grundman later announced his belief that his first death diagnosis was correct. Mrs. Falk slipped on a piece of ice while taking a short cut through a vacant lot near her home. Police, who believed her dead, took the body immediately to the morgue where Coroner Grundman confirmed their belief and began the autopsy. CAR LOADINGS SLUMP Decrease of 24,531 Shown From Preceding Week. By United Press WASHINGTON, Nov. 5. Car loadings of revenue freight for the week ended Oct. 29, showed a decrease of 24,531 cars from the preceding week, according to reports of the car service division of the American Railway Association today.

Your voting place by phone or by reading The Times. Instructions on how to vote. Last minute news in print and on the screen across the street from The Times. Every detail in extras. If you’ve lived in the precinct thirty days, the ward sixty days, and the county six months, you don’t have to register. And if there's anything else you want to know, call The 'limes. Then look for The Times elections day and night for the real news.

Capital EDITION PRICE TWO CENTS Outside Marion County, 3 Cents

HOOVER FLAYS OPPONENT FOR HIS ‘EVASIONS’ President Describes Fight He Has Waged Against Depression. IN ST. PAUL TONIGHT Major Address Scheduled in Mormon Tabernacle at Salt Lake City. BY HENRY F. MISSELWITZ United Press Staff Correspondent ABOARD SPECIAL TRAIN, EN ROUTE WITH PRESIDENT HOOVER, Nov. 5. —President Hoover will deliver a major campaign address in the Mormon tabernacle at Salt Lake City Monday, en route on his final campaign tour, which will end at his. Palo Alto, Cal., home Tuesday. The announcement came today as the President took the whirlwind finish of his re-election drive into the agricultural northwest, after dramatically picturing his fight against economic depression in an address at St. Louis. Plans for the campaign to the Pacific coast were completed as the President entered his second day os intensive stumping in the midwest farm belt. The Salt Lake City speech was scheduled on a stop between noon and 1:30 p. m. (mountain time* Monday. Goes to ft. Paul The President’s route, as had been forecast by the United Press, will take him from St. Paul tonight to Omaha Sunday morning. His special train then proceeds across Nebraska to Denver for a thirtyminute stop at 8 p. m. Sunday, leaving at 8:30 p. m. for Salt Lake City. The itinerary calls for twentyfour scheduled stops between St. Paul and Palo Alto, where he will arrive at 1:15 p. m. Tuesday. Mr. Hoover’s appeal to the voters to go to the polls on election day will be made to the nation Monday evening, probably at Elko, Nev. The train is due there at 7 p. m. for an hour’s halt. A busy day, with frequent backplatform appearances, was scheduled for the nation’s executive today, in a trip that cut across the corner of Illinois and through the heart of Wisconsin to Minnesota. The day’s principal speech was arranged for Madison, Wis., with a major address at St. Paul tonight. Football Crowd to Attend A colorful home-coming football crowd was ready to greet President Hoover at Madison, where he will speak in the University of Wisconsin fieldhouse just prior to the Wis-consin-Illinois football game. Thousands of alumni and football fans thronged to the state capital to augment the huge crowd expected. At St. Paul, an old-fashioned torchlight parade will welcome the President. Mr. Hoover will speak in the St. Paul auditorium at 9:30 p. m. The President’s St. Louis address, delivered to an audience of 10,000 in the coliseum where Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke last ■ month, stressed his fight against depressing economic influences and reiterated his stand on the prohibition issue. He attacked the Democratic repeal plank, which he described as “evasive,” since southern members of the party would not agree to outright repeal of the eighteenth amendment. Raises Saloon Bugaboo “Democratic sponsors of outright repeal,” said Mr. Hoover in the onetime center of the brewring industry, “know that their own strongholds in the south will not accept the proposal for outright repeal and consequent return of the saloon and resultant lack of protection to dry states.” It was Mr. Hoover’s first mention of the prohibition issue in an address since his acceptance speech. He attacked what he called Demoratic attempts to blame Republican policies for the depression and charged his Democratic opponent was closing his campaign without declaring himself on many issues. He charged Governor Roosevelt with failure to explain how his farm relief program would be carried out, asked what Roosevelt proposed to do about the bonus, what explicit government economies he would recommend, and “whether he will support Messrs. Wheeler, Norris, Huey Long, W. R. Hearst, and others in thetr long-continued efforts to put government into large business undertakings.” Cite* Return to Work Mr. Hoover declared more than a million unemployed had gone back to 'work since congressional adjournment removed the “malign influence” of the Democratic house of representatives. The Democratic campaign has been based, he said, on “colossal falsehood,” misrepresentation, false premises, vague promises and shifty positions.” He pictured two specific example* of the fight made by his administration against world-wide depression. One was an intimaate glimpse of the behind-the-scenes negotiations to save the Central Republic Bank <fc Trust Company of Chicago from falure. The other was the consultations leading to declaration of the German moratorium. The dramatic story of circum- J stances leading up to the granting 4 of an $83,000,000 loan by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the Central Republic Bank it Trust. Company, Chicago's “Dawes” bank, was told in detail by the President. He revealed the story to refute, he said, criticisms by Democratic campaigners of the loan.,