Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 148, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 October 1932 — Page 4

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st * I er s -MOW A.MJ>

Evasive Candidates With the election only one week away, neither of the two presidential candidates apparently intends to come clean on all major issues. For the most part the''hoover campaign has consisted of repeating, to the point of boredom, a doctored apology for his administration's failures, and of appealing to fear. Roosevelt, in the main, has taken the easy course of finding fault with his opponent's record, rather than committing himself definitely to a program, and on some issues he has taken both sides. There is one outstanding exception. Roosevelt, unlike Hoover, has not evaded the prohibition issue. The Democrat stands not only for outright repeal of the eighteenth amendment, but also for immediate modification of the prohibition laws and a beer tax pending repeal. Hoover opposes outright repeal and favors a questionable revision suitable to many drys; but he is silent on immediate modification of the law. Neither one has a definite or effective program for economic reconstruction, though Roosevelt’s stand is more intelligent and hopeful that the President’s. On the very important question of federal economy, both talk much and say little. Both of them know that qheese paring here and there and even the wholesale abolition of many bureaus would not achieve major economies, that any big cuts must be In the big expenditures, which are the army, navy and veteran appropriations. Yet neither candidate will pledge real economies in these expenditures. Similarly, both evade the war debt issue, though they talk about It. Both oppose flat and unconditional cancellation, which is hardly an issue. But neither honestly is admitting that the debts already have been canceled in part and that the full balance never will be paid. Neither has committed himself on the widely accepted proposal to trade debt reduction for arms reduction. Indeed, on the entire question of foreign policy, both candidates are unusually silent. On the relations of the United States to the league, on Russian recognition, on marine occupation and financial dictatorship in the Caribbean countries, on the Philippines, on future policy in the far east, on disarmament, the candidates have little or nothing to say. While Hoover plunges for an even higher tariff than the trade-killing Hawley-Smoot monstrosity, Roosevelt flops from one side to the other without ever promising an immediate and definite revision downward. The exceedingly grave issue of the restoration of civil liberties, including free speech, free press, and free assembly is nbt considered important enough to merit discussion by the candidates. There are other issues, such as hydroelectric power, control of holding companies and reform in banking laws, on which Roosevelt is much more frank and constructive than his opponent. But this only emphasizes, by contrast, the other Democratic •vasions. ' The explanation doubtless is fairly simple. Roosevelt and his campaign managers seem Jo think they are going to win because of the heavy anti-Hoover vote, and that therefore good politics consists of making few commitments as possible and risking the loss of as few votes as possible. We doubt that trimming is good politics. American voters like forthrightness, as has been proved over and again. To the extent that there is a positive pro-Roosevelt vote, most of it has been won on his forthright position regarding prohibition. During the remaining campaign week, the voters probably would like more frankness from both Hoover and Roosevelt. - '■ 1 1 1 " Seven Men of Preston Just 100 years ago Joseph Livesey, elderly mechanic of the English town of Preston, looked about him, saw the soddenness wrought by drunkenness, took his carpenter’s pencil and scribbled the first total abstinence pledge. Then he induced six other workers to sign. Last week National Temperance League workers gathered in Westminster Abbey to celebrate 100 years of the work started by “the Seven Men of Preston.” These lowly men of Preston were very wise. They did not try to pass laws to make other men stop drinking. They educated their fellows in the evils of intemperance. Their appeals were personal. The movement spread over England and the continent. Today its effects, even in wet countries like Italy, France, and Germany, are obvious. Europe, older and wiser than the United States, chose the way of temperance. We, in our haste, chose prohibition. One hundred years of European temperance has succeeded—at least in part. Our fourteen years of prohibition have proved a .moral, political, and economic blunder. National Honor It was too much to expect, no doubt, even of a high-minded secretary of state, that he should speak to any gathering during the hectic last days of this campaign without putting in a good word for the President in whose cabinet he serves. So, there was some politics in Stimson’s address to the council of the Methodist Episcopal church at Pittsburgh Wednesday night*—a meeting into which, you may think, partisan politics should not have been Intruded. The secretary |jgave' to the President credit for certain enlightened efforts in our foreign relations that properly belong, perhaps, to the secretary alone. But this service to his chief and to his party can be overlooked* for the broad statesmanship that marked Stimson’s discussion of America’s plaoe in the world. It was a proper audience for such discussion, for If Stimson can not have the earnest support of American religious leaders in the program he has laid down, it hardly is worth while to expect such support from other quarters, What he is fighting for, though he doesn’t phrase it, is national honor. He is fighting to make those two words mean something—something to America, something to every other country with which America has treaty relations. “National honor” has been the excuse for many wars—wars that could not be justified on any other ground. And yet, strictly speaking, there never has been any such thing as national honor. Men in their personal relationships usi£lly are honorable, nations seldom are. It is a curious phe-

The Indianapolis Times (A BCSIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and pnblUhed daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Iffdtanapojis, Ind. Price in Marion Countr 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 eenta a week. Mall subscription rates in Indiana, S3 a year; outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. B °YOOfcR L ET, ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER, Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551. MONDAY. OCT. 31. 1933. Member of United Press. Bcripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way."

nomenon of life that men will do in the mass things they will not do as individuals. It is a survival, no doubt, of the days when every nation's—or every tribe's—hand was against its neighbor. You might not steal from or attack one of your own people, but you were applauded if the offense were against another tribe or nation. / Much of this dog-eat-dog aspect of humanity has given way through the processes of civilization. We see it now most frequently, shall we say, at baseball games, where we don’t care how the home team wins —and in our foreign relations. v The day of assured peace in the world awaits the understanding that nations must be as honorable as individuals. In that day peace treaties will be the solemn obligations they are supposed to be. The cynicism of diplomats, “treaties are made to be broken," will cease to be heard. And in that day a Stimson will not be compelled to press doggedly, as he does now, for the simple keeping of a nation’s word. ' That really is the important thing in Stimson’s far east policy. He is persisting, politely, in a dema'hd that the nations which signed the nine-power pact and the Briand-Kellogg pact shall abide by terms of those pacts. / He recognizes that failure to keep these agreements will render them worthless and that the slow, painful process of building effective machinery for peace will have to begin all over. He is meeting the active resistance of Japan. He Is not getting the active support of Great Britain and France, the next most interested nations. But he continues to press his point. Every lover of peace in every country should support this effort of the American secretary. In its success lies the only hope of forestalling another catastrophic world war. If the peace treaties are made good in the present Asiatic dispute, something new in international relations will have been brought into being. That something will be—national honor v Anti-Alien For some reason hard to fathom, Secretary of Labor Doak has been selected to bring the foreign language vote into the fold for Hoover. In this undertaking, a more serious handicap scarcely could be conceived than the record of the secretary in regard to immigration and deportation. It has been his proud boast that under him, the number of departing aliens exceeds the number of those coming to the United States for the first time in our history. He has sought larger and larger funds for deportation work, stressing this as no previous secretarj has done. Junkerdom in Germany It frequently is taken for granted that the German reich already has succumbed to junkerdom. Such opinions are based upon dismissal of Bruenning, Nazi demonstrations, parade of the boys of the steel helmet, and demand for justice in regard to European armament. Germany is dangerously near to a return to junkerdom, but she has not gone over. The Von Papen government has ruled with exceptional intelligence and moderation, considering the circumstances and difficulties. , * It has resolutely, and thus far successfully, resisted the extremists of the Black Eagle, the Brown Shirts, and the Red Flag. It has gone about as far in opposing militarism and autocracy as any German government could today and still hope to remain in office. But it can not go on forever sitting on a rumbling volcano. Those who wish to see Germany saved from its “military masters,” as Woodrow Wilson used to call them, will do well to support those reasonable German demands which will sap the strength of the extreme apostles Os revenge. Reduction of armaments throughout Europe to the level enforced in Germany, a customs union with Austria, modification of the more flagrant abuses relative to the Polish Corridor, admission of the dishonest and inaccurate character of the charge of sole German guilt for the World war would do wonders to stave off junkerdom In Germany. They would do much to restore moral integrity and good-feeling in international relations throughout the western world. They would, moreover, enable the western nations to face the Japanese issue with better grace and a united front. > Perhaps that cigar store chain that went into receivership the other day didn’t set the price high enough on automobile tires. There's one office that always seeks the man . . . It is the tax collector’s office.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

OURS is not only an illogical buj an unfair A mind,” pencils Mr. G. M., “as is proved by your continuous gibes at bachelors. Do you think your attitude is a sensible one?” Well, perhaps not. One can’t be always sensible, especially Jn the midst of a political campaign. But I find it highly amusing to see the bachelors come to the defense of their kind. A good many of them feel maligned and rather hurt at any innocent fun poked in their direction. Frankly, I am not sorry fer them. Especially when I remember—as Iso vividly do—all the jokes their sex has perpetrated about old maids and mothers-m-law. Why, If you began now and reiterated the harsh remarks every day for twenty years, you couldn't catch up with all the senseless and cruel things that have been said by men about the women who belonged to these two particular groups. Gentlemen should not complain when they are asked to take a small dose of the bitter medicine they have been so eager to force on women. PPM T HAVE watched middle-aged spinsters visibly A shrink and a stricken look apjkar in their eyes as they sensed the Imminence of a remark about old maids that was supposed to be uproariously funny buj which was in reality only unkind. I don’t suppose there ever was a spiritual martyrdom that exceeded in torture that endured by the oldish girl of twenty-five years ago. Not only did she bear the sorro.w of an abnormal and lonely life, but she had to listen to these jeering references Wherever she went. n , was k ut, t tor village jokes and provided all the local wags with material for their witticisms. And mothers-in-law! What they have had to bear at the hands of. masculine humorists, nobody can tell! Convicted without a trial, the campaign of slander has planted a dislike for them in the minds of everybody. The old maid, the mother-in-law, the stepmother. Contemplate these, if you please, and then"tell me that we should shed tears over tfee suffering caused by jokes about bachelors.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy . Says:

Until Unemployment Has Been Overcome to a Large Extent, It Is Useless for Us to Expect Return of Good Times. NEW YORK, Oct. 31.—1f some one told you' to go to the wilderness and start a nation, offering you a billion dollars without men, or a million men without money, which would you take? The men, of course,- because human experience teaches you that men can start from scratch and not only take care of themselves, but produce wealth. It is with that idea that we should have begun the battle against depression. We should have admitted that capital can not, and will not, move by itself, and we should have visualized the greatest danger as reduced consumption by the 'scared, bewildered and discouraged masses. Mass buying power was created at the bottom and must be replaced at the bottom. Until unemployment has been overcome to a large extent, it is useless for us to expect a return of good times. Nothing has broken down but the conveyor system of commerce. If we could start it going.-we’d be all right, but we can not do that, except at the source of power. p p st Work Is First AS every one knows, our industrial system depends on a circular movement. It requires work to create buying power, and buying power to create work, but, as between the two, work comes first. The production end of business, which depends on selling things, could not stand the strain of providing a sufficient amount of work before it collected. It could, and would, have done a great deal, however, with the proper guidance and help. The help should have come, not through an extension of credit, which the production end of business w T as unable to use, but through an extension of credit in such way as would have put large numbers of people at work in other lines. n n # FOR three years we have flirted and floundered with the theory that if capital could be mobilized, the problem would be solved, when the problem hinged on mobilization of man power, restoration of confidence, reawakening of courage. People feel, as well as think, and it often is difficult to separate their feelings from what we call intelligence. Time and time again, a confident, but poorly equipped army has beaten one which possessed everything except enthusiasm. Human capacity is beyond any method of bookkeeping yet devised. By the ledger, production should have turned out a financial success, but it did not. By the ledger, this depression represented little more than a paper loss at the outset. By the ledger, we have just as many men, women, and children desiring the good things of life as we did three years ago, just as much land, just as many buildings, just as good a mechanical equipment and just as great a wealth in raw resources. By the ledger, the increase of taxes which congress authorized should have balanced the budget. * PUP Hoover Clings to Error PRESIDENT HOOVER still swears by the ledger, while Governor Roosevelt puts his faith in people. That is the real difference between there two men. The former shows us a set of blue prints and specifications. The latter first would inspire us with the idea of rebuilding. The people of this country need inspiration, but how can they get it, unless it is brought down wherfe they live, they are made to feel that the country is somewhat concerned with their well being, not as beggars standing in a breadline, but as individuals who want nothing so much as an opportunity to pay their way. Essential as charity may be for relief, it is futile as a means of recovery. Our only hope of overcoming the depression lies in reducing unemployment, and that hope won’t mean much, until it finds expression at Washington.

Questions and Answers

What is the inscription on the tombstone over the grave of the first Mrs. Woodrow Wilson? The tombstone erected over the grave of Mrs. Woodrow Wilson at Rome, Ga., bears the following inscription: “Sacred to the memory of Ellen Louise Axon, bom 15 May, 1860, at Savannah, Ga., died 6 Aug. 1914, at Washington, D. C. “A'traveller between light and death The reason firm, the temnerat? will. Endurance. foreste-t. strenjrti and skill A perfect woman, nobly planned. To warn, to comfort and command; And vet a spirit still and bright. With something of angelic light.” How many times was Woodrow Wilson elected President and how many times did he run? He was candidate for President in 1912 and 1916 and was elected both times. When and how was St. Pierre on the island of Martinique destroyed? How many lives were lost? In May, 1902, an eruption of Mt. Pelee destroyed the city of St. Pierre, and 26,000 persons, the entire population, were killed.

M TODAY Sf* "ISTHE- vs ‘ WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY f U. S. TROOPS ADVANCE Oct. 31

ON Oct. 31, 1918, Turkey surrendered to the allies. This armistice was signed at Mudros. on the Island of Lemnos, to take effect at noon. The complete military collapse of Austria was seen when the Italian forces captured the mountain pass of Vadal and cut off fifteen Austrian divisions. The defeated nation sent a deputation through the Italian lines to discuss terms of an armistice. Formal meetings of the supreme wac began at Versailles* '

Another One of Those Things, Eh!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Bed Is Best Place to Cure a Cold

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgela, the Health Magazine. SIR ST. CLAIR THOMPSON, one of the leading authorities in England on diseases of the nose and throat, a consultant for the king, recently has expressed his views as to the best methods of handling a cold. He says: “If every patient at the onset of a common cold went to bed and remained there for "thirty-six hours to three days, in an isolated and well-ventilated room, he would not only cease ;o be a focus of infection, but he would curtail his attack and escape most if not all complications.” He poin.s out further tnat practically every- case of established chronic infection of the sinuses, with perhaps the few exceptions of those that, originate from infected teeth or infected swimming pools, probably begins as an acute condition following a common cold. Such complications affecting the sinuses usually clear up promptly if the patient is put to bed, kept warm, and has the material drained from the sinuses by a competent pnysician once a day, as long as there is considerable darinage. There are various methods of

IT SEEMS TO ME

THERE still seems to be some doubt about Senator Borah’s vote, but many commentators agree that the speech of Alfred E. Smith in Newark was politically unwise. I suppose it was unwise because it was one of the most candid made by anybody during the campaign. There is a curious sort of tacit arrangement among Republicans and Democrats never to blurt out anything to which the spirit fully may move you. And this repression extends beyond candidates and into the ranks of voters. We are so accustomed to having public men say quite a lot less than they really mean that it startles us when anybody gets up on a platform and talks as if he were sitting in a room with a close friend. Not even those w'ho are walking a little softly and saying, ‘Shush! Shush!” in regard to Al’s speech would care to contend that he didn’t mean every last word of it. There is only a small disposition to question its accuracy. Everybody knows that the religious issue was peddled far and wide by Republican campaign speakers in 1928. p p p Cure by Walking ’Round BUT even those who think that it was monstrous and unfair rather would not have the matter mentioned again. Now, surely they can’t believe that prejudice can be cured or wiped out by the simple process of never admitting that there is such a thing. AfLp.r all. -we tried that rather unsuccessfully here in regard to the problem of unemployment. The whole strategy of leaders in the beginning wak based on the hope that if joblessness was kept secret, millions of people never would realize that they were out of work. No problem ever has been settled in any country until the settlement is just and fair and right. Surely that isn’t true of the year 1928. People who sw'ept whole states from their moorings by buzz-buzzing around the country with silly little innuendoes certainly are not convinced that the use of the religious issue in politics is a bad thing. The trouble is that it w-orked. airi it w'orked with terrific effectiveness. We can’t afforfi to forget it, because there the technique lies ready for the next unscrupulous politician to take up as a scythe to cut across the real issue in some other fight. A1 Smith was the man who received the brunt and burden of this attack, and now some of his suppefeed friends and well wishers say: “That’s all very true, but. after all, it happened four -years ago. Let bygones be bygones.” p p p It Still Must Be Settled I DON’T care if it happened a hundred years ago. It still should be a matter of public discussion and concern. This ugly thing palled religious prejudice still is wiggling, and somebody had to set his heel into its head. I’m glad A1 Smith did it. I was not an admirer of his conduct during the weeks following the

attempting to harden people against colds, but, so far as is known, such hardening will not prevent a cold. Indeed, long-continued freedom from an attack seems to be the ideal situation for the development of an attack . However, it is well for the prevention of colds to insist on plenty of fresh and frequently renewed air, particularly in the bedroom: to insist on proper elimination through the skin, and on cleanliness maintained by daily bathing. Almost everybody knows the best methods for getting rid of a cold promptly. First, take a warm bath, then go to bed and keep w T arm, if necessary with hot water bottles and a covering over the head. In the meantime, the windows should provide plenty of ventilation. It is not desirable to urge bowel action if it is normal, but if there has been constipation the bowels should be stimulated with proper medication. A person must take plenty of water, preferably in the form of warm drinks such as tea, milk, lemonade, or orangeade. It is not well at such times to crowd the digestion, so that food

HEYWOOD * 1 BROUN

convention, when he went into the silences. It seemed to me that he was entitled for his own good and sufficient reasons to support Roosevelt, Hoover or Thomas. ✓ He even might have come out for Upshaw if it law within his power to give reasons for his choice. But he has been whipsawed by the commentators and politicians, many of them within his own party. They said —and in this one point I agreed —that a public figure like A1 Smith owed it to the country to declare himself one w'ay or another. But these same people who said that now are complaining because when Smith broke through his silence he said precisely what he thought and felt in very plain and simple language. ip p p They Don’t Know Al WHAT did they expect? After all, Al has been carrying on a process of cerebral fermentation ever since Chicago. Did they think that he was going to get up and say that it is better to be rich than poor, honest than crooked, brave than timid? Could they by any chance have imagined that he would finish up by reading a short poem by Edgar Guest? Anybody who thought such silly things could not have known Smith.

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—l see in the News Kenneth L. Ogle’s explanation of the retirement of Rear Admiral Byrd of the navy. Mr. Ogle is right in his statement of the government’s retirement policy. The retirement of Admiral Sims and General Pershing at the age of 64, the statutory age of retirement, was in line with this policy. However, I do question the good taste andfpropriety of retired officers taking a stand against any veteran legislation, regardless of their private opinion. But Mr. Ogle is speaking of the government’s implied contract with Admiral Byrd—that contract “entered into with each regular officer when he enters the service.” In addition to retirement, for age, this contract, as Mr. Ogle pleases to call it, provides for two other claims for retirement: Thirty years’ service or disability in line of duty of such degree as to unfit one for active duty. This regardless of length of service. Has Admiral Byrd kept this contract? Admiral Byrd was bom in 1888. He was graduated from the United States Navel Academy in 1912; retired in 1916 for disability caused from a bad fool. So far, so good, as no doubt the retirement board based its action upon the best medical opinion. But the board evidently was wrong, as he was placed on the active list at the outbreak of the World war. Tnis, too, is regular and in line with sound government peiicy.

should be light. Loss of appetite and interference with the sense of taste, due to the cold, usually help to take care of this. The aches and the feverish feeling associated with the common cold can be relieved by any of the home remedies that most people know about. It is not desirable to check the flow of mucus from the nose, since this is one of nature's methods for protecting the inflamed membranes and of getting rid of the infection on the surface. Above all, however, there should be warmth, and plenty of it, as well as good ventilation for comfort and for recovery. Many people recommend use of injections of vaccines of various kinds for the common cold, but there is no good evidence that they are especially valuable, either in prevention of future colds or for treatment of an active cold. It is particularly important to be sure that a severe infection does not begin in tHe ear and gradually get worse. At the very first sign of the involvement of an ear, it is well to call a physician who will take action to open the ear if pus in any considerable amount is forming.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are tbose of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

In fact, it you ask me, I think he didn’t say enough. I would like to hear him speak out in the same spirit on many other problems, including that of Tammany rule in New York. His weakness, his fatal weakness, lies in the fact that h* i s a strict party man. It would be stretching it a good deal to say that he never muzzled himself. But, for all that, there is an explosive quality in the man, and on certain subjects he has made himself clear. One rumor at least r has been spiked. The talk was going around in certain Republican sections that Al Smith really was hopeful of a victory for Herbert Clark Hoover. They are protesting now to be highly delighted with the Newark speech, on the ground that it will help their candidate. But the smile is that of a fighter who has taken a punch on the end of his chin and wants the crowd to think he never felt it. None of the followers of Smith need be in any doubt longer as to how he stands in the national election. His passion for Roosevelt may be less than profound, but, after all, it would be hard to have it quite as strong as his bitter, undying opposition to Herbert Clark Hoover. (Copyright. 1932. by The Times)

But from here the record departs from that policy. In 1925 he takes an extended sick leave (presumably his foot again) and heads private polar expeditions, requiring more physical and mental endurance than any war-time service. During all of this time, he was drawing full pay from the navy. * In 1929, he was placed on the retired list, with the rank of rear admiral. Admiral Byrd is only 44 years of age. Since his activities of the last eight years disprove his disability claim, is he not morally bound to serve twenty more years in the navy? 1 dd not disparage Admiral Byrd’s achievements. He deservedly is a national hero, but let’s gqt the record straight. He was jumped over the heads of a long line of commanders and captains and made a rear admiral and then retired, not in fulfillment of his contract with the government, as Mr. Ogle claims, but in recognition of kis contribution to science. A slight disability merely served as an excuse. This contribution had nothing whatever to do with the navy, except to add to its glory. There are those who believe that when he returned, covered with honors and fame, he should have gone back to active duty with the navy with his rank of commander and fulfilled that contract of which Mr. Ogle speaks. He should have done this or resigned, letting the popular acclaim be his honors and the fortune he is making from his writing and plat- . -

_OCT. 31, 1932

sciencel —BY DAVID DIETZ *

Vacuum Tubes Are Playing Important Part in Remaking World of Industry. THE little vacuum tubes in your radio set are the grandfathers of a great family of all sorts at tubes, some of dhem giants, some of them dwarfs, that seem destined to find wide applications in the world around us. In fact, they are playing an important role in remaking the world of industry. Among the giants, which might be considered grandchildren of the original radio tubes, are the socalled “power pliotron- tubes.’’ These are the tubes used in radio broadcasting stations to broadcast the waves which you receive upon your radio sets. They range in size from tubes with a power rating of five watts to those of 500 kilowatts power. 4 kilowatt is 1.000 watts. These tubes, according to Dr. A. W. Hull, assistant director of General Electric research laboratories, are beginning to find application in industry. One of their uses is to generate high frequency currents which can be used to heat metals. This new' way of bringing metals to high temperatures is proving important in many industries. High frequency currents also may find a use in medicine. Experiments have shown that they can be used to raise the heat of the blood, in fact, induce a fever. These “radio fevers” now are being tried out as means of treating arthritis and paresis. * a tt Window of Aluminum Experiments also are beinfc carried on in the use of high frequency currents, such as the power pilotron tubes develop, as a means of sterilizing milk and other foods. Another interesting tube which has been developed in the G. E. laboratories is a powerful cathode ray tube. This is a glass vacuum tube which has an aluminum plate at one end. This plate is known technically as a ‘‘window,” and it is a window for electrons, since these can make their way between the atoms of the aluminum as easily as small flies can make their w’ay through a fence of large wire mesh. An electric current—which is a stream of electrons—flow's from an electrode at one end of the tube toward the aluminum window. By putting a high positive potential on the window, the electron stream is attracted so forcefully that it hits the window at an extremely high speed. The result is that the electron stream passes right through the window into the air for a distance of two or three inches. In the ordinary Xrray tube, X-rays are produced when a strearj of electrons strikes a metallic target inside the tube. By permitting the electron stream from the cathode ray tube to strike a metallic object, it 1s possible to produce X-rays in the air. Thus is a great convenience to scientists. One of the sure tests of the presence of a minute amount of a substance is the method of X-ray chemical analysis. Method Simplified X-RAY chemical analysis is particularly useful in dealing with the heavier chemical elements which are very difficult to analyze by ordinary chemical means. * It is the only method which will identify the presence of some of the very rare elements. Prior to development of the cathode ray tube, X-ray analysis was very difficult, because it was necessary to insert the substance to be analyzed into an X-ray tube. The substance took the place of the target in the tube. The X-rays which were generated then were spread out into a spectrum. The chemical elements present then were identified by the lines present in the spectrum. Since the cathode ray tube pro-i duces an electron stream in air, it is only necessary to .bring the substance to be analyzed near the tube. The electron stream then is trained on it. As U result, X-rays are produced in the air which then are analyzed in the usual fashion. Another important vacuum tube is the photo-electric cell. As Dr. Hull points out, the photo-electric cell is older than many people think. The first ones were made about forty years ago. But most of the development of the tube has come within the last five years, because of their important applications in the making of talking movies. The newest photo-electric cell de* veloped at the G. E. laboratories is the caesium photo tube, known as the PJ-23. It is 100 times more sensitive than previous photo-electric cells.

form appearances his compensation. It is not my purpose to discuss in this letter the *merits or demerits of veterans’ legislation. Mr. Ogle's skirts are clean, and if he considers it his duty to take a stand I admire him for it. His motives are lofty and I respect them. But if I agreed with him in all things, which I do not. I would consider Admiral Byrd’s position as that of the pot calling the kettle black. It certainly takes a lot of crust for him to utter even one syllable about economy in veteran expenditures when he is drawing $4,500 & vear, under the guise of a disability, which, in view of his past activities, could not have existed.. VETERAN.

Daily Thought

Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? for riches certainly make themselves wings: they fly away as aiv eagle toward a heaven.—Proverbs 23:5. Riches either serve or govern the possessor.—Horace. Where is the Mohave desert? It is an arid section of the Great Basin, which lies just north of the Colorado desert, and includes the greater part of San Bernardino county and the eastern portions of Los Angeles and Kern counties California, embracing an area dS about 15,000 square miles*