Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 145, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 October 1932 — Page 4

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Does He Approve? President H<jover is reported to be reluctant to go to the state of Illinois, where former Governor Small Is a candidate for another term. Hia reluctance is said to be for the reason that he does not wish to be associated in the public mind with an official whose record contained so many disgraceful betrayals of public Interest. Yet President Hoover rushes to Indiana, presumably to save the state for himself, which is understandable, but also to save Senator James Watson, which needs presidential explanation. Does President Hoover approve the action of Senator Watson in the sugar stock deal? To those who hold the belief that a senator of the United States should be free from any possible personal interest in legislation, the transaction is as shameful as any charged against Governor Small of Illinois. The deal is a matter of record. While the sugar tariff was pending, Senator Watson received a block of shares in a sugar company. He did not buy them. At least he did not pay for them. He gave his note. If the sugar company prospered at the expense of the American consumer, Senator Watson could sell his stock and take down a profit where he had invested nothing but his note—or did he invest something more in the way of senatorial interest in the tariff? When exposed, Senator Watson had the temerity to laugh and declare that the stock was as worthless as his note. Does President Hoover approve of this deal? Does he ask them to send back a senator with this ideal of public duty? Borah Versus Smith Senator Borah’s indignation over A1 Smith’s speech at Newark is hard to follow. In attacking the hypocrisy of the Republican prohibition plank, Smith merely was following the eminent leadership of Borah himself, who has been saying unkind things about that straddle ever sinoe the June convention. Whatever change of mind Borah may or may not have had on the subject, the fact remains that the Republican platform dictated by Hoover, and the Hoover acceptance speech, represent evasive bids for both wet and dry votes. Hoover and his platform oppose outright repeal, but open the way for a questionable revision, retaining the federal usurpation of police power, which is one of the worst features of national prohibition. On the important issue of modification of the dry Jaws, pending repeal or revision of the admendment, Hoover is silent. In contrast, the Democratic platform and candidate are for outright repeal of the amendment and immediate modification of the law. Two points made by Borah are worth answering, because they are typical of the misleading dry propaganda in this campaign: One is the charge that the Democratic repeal plan would “leave the dry states overrun by the liquor traffic.” On the contrary, the pre-prohibition laws requiring the federal government to protect dry states from liquor shipments from wet states have not been repealed—that has been decided by the supreme court. Those protective laws would operate automatically, following repeal of the amendment. The other Borah charge is that Smith and his group .subordinate all other national questions to the cry, “Give us beer, give us something to drink.” That is absurd. People do not have to wait for prohibition repeal to get a drink. In most places there is no difficulty in getting a drink now. The demand for repeal goes much deeper than any personal desire to quench thirst, or even than any personal resentment against unwarranted interference with individual liberties. This is proved by the large number of nondrinking citizens who oppose prohibition. * Prohibition is opposed because the experiment has failed; because it has bred racketeering in politics and business, increased crime, corrupted youth, undermined respect for all law, and put a premium on national hypocrisy. Prohibition is opposed because it robs the government of revenues, without stopping the flow of liquor; because the beer tax is much needed in a time of depression, deficit and threatened government credit. Prohibition is opposd because' it has cut across party Jines in such a way as to prevent party alignment and party action on the basic economic issues; because prohibition political trickery has produced a situation in which the bread issue will not be faced until the beer issue is out of the way. Therefore, the prospect of a political showdown on prohibition at the polls ten days hence is one of the few heartening aspects of this campaign., • Out at Last After many months, the suppressed Wickersham commission’s report on the Mooney-Billings trials is given to the public. Its appearance Wednesday in book form is a triumph for American liberals. Every effort was made by the Hoover commission and senate reactionaries to bury this public document and nullify the conscientious work of the commission experts, Dr. Zechariah Chafee, Carl Stern and Walter Poliak. The report deals with only one phase of this “celebrated case,” its lawlessness. The experts reveal “flagrant violations of the statutory law of California by both police and prosecution.” They show how Mooney and Billings were held in jail incommunicado while police searched their homes for evidence; how they falsely were identified; how the prosecution deliberately sought to inflame the public and create an atmosphere that made a fair trial impossible; how the prosecution made no effort to seek out the real criminals or follow obvious clews. Nothing is said of the foul practices within the law, such as caused the trial judge to cry out: “It was the dirtiest job ever put over.” Prom post-trial confessions, we know the trials were unfair; from the government s own experts, we now see that they were Illegal. The report represents the federal government’* second intervention in these famous cases. In 1918 a commission under Woodrow Wilson also held a mirror to them so that the nation could see to what lengths a state had gone to punish two unpopular citizens. Senator Burton K. Wheeler, in an introduction to ths book, hopes that the publication of* the suppressed report will “aid in freeing these victims of judicial tyranny and wiping from our national escutcheon this ugly stain.” * We hope so, too. *

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (excapt Sunday) bjr Ttaa Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marlon County. 2 cen”a a ’ copy; elaewhwe. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana, 33 a year; outside of Indiana, 66 cents a month. . ROY W. HOWARD. TeaRLD. BAKER^ Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley SBfll. . THURSDAY. OCT. 27. 1832. Member of United Press. Hcrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Aasoelation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

More for Less Death and taxes are, of course, still inevitable; yet thousands of taxpayers have concluded* this fall, as their dollars passed from their reluctant hands, that there is no reason why taxes should be so numerous and sc high. And they are right. Mounting federal and state expenditures have been discussed and deplored frequently and constitute a problem which will receive considerable attention this winter. But so far there has bep little recognition of the fact that local government absorbs 53per cent of the total national tax bill; and too little consideration of whether city, county, town, village and district governments return value received for what is spent. In this winter of pinched purses, there probably will be much pondering about what sheriffs actually contribute to law enforcement, about the efficiency of county supervisors as road builders, about the wisdom of having many sets of petty, untrained officials duplicating tasks which one trained executive with trained assistants could accomplish better and more cheaply. A great many states already are experimenting with reform of local government, primarily as an economy measure, and secondarily a s a means of improving governmental service. In these states there has been no case where reorganization, scientifically udertaken, has failed to improve administration of local affairs. A true hard times bargain awaits those communities which are ready to buy more for less.

Curing Cancer Every so often in the unsung but relentless war n disease, a victory is announced. No spectacular v ctory has been heralded in the fight on the great killer cancer, but last week in St. Louis, thirty-one ° t*l C ° Un 71 ICading Specialists a e rf *and that cancer stages discovered and treated in its early They reported more than 8,000 cures of more than aminaT 5 *** Urged annual examination of all persons past 35. s,.r Ce V“ k “ a 10,1 01 150 ’ 000 “ VM *> United ■m *fi Canada ever r year. To save these victims and their suffering is the job of this generation, as the partial conquest of tuberculosis was the job of the preceding one. King Abdul Aziz Ibn Abdul-Rahman al Faisal al Saud ruier o, the -Kingdom of the Hedjaz and Nejd and Its Independencies,” is now merely “ibn Saud ruler of the Arabian Saud kingdom,” through his own desire. Even that’s too much. During . recent riot in Ireland, several persons TlT n <' and by Pl3tol bUllets perha ‘ K th ran out of bricks. Sometimes it is necessary to sell your car to get back on your feet again. A writer says, “I, can remember when the law was a profession.” It sounds as if he might be holding something, back. Quite a few people seem to be finding employment surveying the unemployment situation. Pikes Peak is said to be four inches lower than it was last spring. Just something more for President Hoover to explain. f—. The government is going to build 227 new postoffices. Do your Christmas shopping early. International tangles haven’t a thing on the sleeve lining of last winter’s overcoat. T —* If you think that the old grad who goes back for the big game lacks the fire of his college days just try the stuff in his hip pocket. Alas and alack. If the “straight ticket” were only a guarantee! 0 Experience teaches that when diplomats say a situation is hopeful” they mean the dickering so far has been a flop. Maybe it’s because the dollar goes farther, now that it’s so much harder to find.

A law permitting the sale of near-beer has been passed in Alabama. The news does finally get around. One of the newest of the “health juices” is extracted from cranberries. Another juicy business. Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson A LEXANDER,' grand duke -of Russia, in his excel--tl. lent book, gives us a kaleidoscopic view of the huge empire of his homeland and of the long series of blunders that led Europe into war and the Romanoffs to their doom. "Europe,” says the grand duke, “committed suicide in 1914.” Yet, reading all the intimate memoirs studying the detailed stories of the czars, the kings and the kaisers of that period, we are-forced to' the conclusion that Europe did not, after all, commit suicide. She was murdered. It is horrible to realize that such a small group of men can hold in their hands the fate of millions of people. Yet such a group almost annihilated civilisation. Maurice Paleologue, last French ambassador at the Russian court, also has left an interesting and important three volumes that give us a daily story of the court happenings prior to and during the war. m m m FROM it we gather that when kings battle they think of their people as pawns in a huge game they are playing against each other. It is astounding to contemplate their egoism. For at that time each ruler slapped his chest, announced that his cause was just, and God was forever with him. Another fact we get from the French ambassador is that any one of the various diplomats engaged in the dangerous intrigue might have averted the catastrophe. If but one man had been willing to recede even a trifle from his position, thereby encouraging the others to an equal generosity, the war might not have occurred. But diplomats, too, are trained to think of power and not of people, so no man among them would abandon his stubbornness. They, like the generals, stood firm, and the result was chaos. . It the people only could know the trivialities they are called upQn to defend; if they only could see that nine times out of ten their holy causes are the personal animosities and jealousies of a few erring men, I wonder whether they would continue to submit to war—the ultimate tyranny, v u

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says: The President’s Imagined Power Is Jjargely a Matter of Political Pose. NEW YORK, Oct. 27—A President of the United* States is not the all-powerful autocrat that our style of campaigning suggests, or that many people belief.

He can exercise a certain amount of influence over public policy and legislation, provided he possesses the right kind of personality, but he can do very little by himself, or on his own motion. A President of the United States necessarily is under great obligation to his party. He can not defy its traditions, or ignore its advice on patronage, without grave risks. He must co-operate with the crowd back of him. must consult not only official advisers, but with those who have nothing to warrant it, except the votes they control, or the contributions they make. A President of the United States is greatly dependent on congress. He can not make important 1 appointments, 'or conclude treaties, without advice and consent of the senate. He can not obtain hinds with which to run the government, except congress is willing to grant them. He can not get a single law enacted, unless congress is willing, or veto one if two-thirds of house and senate favor it. He can, however, be impeached and put out of office by congress. Largely a Pose THE President’s imagined power is largely a matter of political pose. Asa candidate, he becomes the front and shoulders of his party. His most trivial phrases are picked up and repeated as though they were of superhuman importance.

His opinions, even when carelessly expressed, are accepted as sure to become part of the nation’s ldw or policy in case of his election. •- We sidetrack everything for the presidential candidate in our national campaigns. That is one reason why we get no better re subs. Os vastly more consequence, it represents a dangerous drift in the popular attitude. An outsider would be justified in supposing that this campaign was for the purpose of choosing a dictator, instead of a representative government. He would see and hear little to indicate interest in the legislative branch, save the demand for repeal of prohibition. Even in that particular, he would find the expressions of President Hoover and Governor Roosevelt carrying gjjeat weight. He would gather that while congresional action might be necessary for repeal, a President could force it, and that a candidate’s promise to do so was equivalent to a guarantee. He would gather that most people had come to look upon a presidential candidate in that light, not only with regard to prohibition, but other issues.

He would take all this clamor for pronouncements on the bonus as implying a general belief in a President’s power to get things done. If he were a philosopher, he would regard all this as tending toward dictatorship. Congress Is Important MANY democracies have succumbed to the same careless form of thinking, to an unconscious abandonment of the legislative branch of government for the speedier course of one-man domination. * We Americans are unwise to belittle congress, even for the sake of whoopla. Congress is the one branch of this government which guarantees its republican form, or through which anything like a popular expression of opinion can be written into law. Congress is the essence of our Constitution. Let it fade out of the picture, even by appearance, and this government will become the mere shadow of what it was intended to become. Congress deserves far more attention than it has been getting in the last few years, not only by way of respect, but by way of contact with the people.

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times — TTAVING only sixteen years’ seniority on ,the railroad' on which I am employed as freight brakeman, I am unable to hold a regular assignment, the man power having been reduced to such extent that I was placed on the extra list two years ago. Therefore, I have much time to sit before my radio that I purchased when I did have a regular job and listen in on the many speakers for the different parties, and of course have plenty of time to read the speeches and opinions of different persons. We have expected the present administration to put high-powered speakers in the field to defend Mr. Hoover and his associataes, but we did expect the representatives of such a pure party to be honest and truthful, Instead, they have resorted to the lowest and most deplorable methods to swing votes for the G. O. P. And can you imagine anything lower than captains of industry going among employes, telling them that unless Hoover is re-elected they will have no jobs. The Ford J£otor Company advocates re-election of Mr. Hoover, stating that any break in the Hoover program will hurt industry. This no doubt was put before the : Ford employes to intimidate them, j and I think nothing less than a ; threat to force them to vote for Hoover. Mr. Ford recently made a drastic reduction in wages, maybe he is afraid that if Mr. Hoover is not re-elected it will hurt his program of wage slashing. I hope the men employed by Mr. Ford will respond to his threat by going to the polls and voting against Hoover, even if they intended to vote for him prior to this threat. If a man were to come to me with the threat “Unless you do, you won't have a job” I think I would give him a bad jaw to nurse for a few days. However, in my opinion, it will be hard for the boys in the field for the G. O. P. to inject into our ears,

Casts Correct Clubfoot in Child

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyseia, the Health Magazine. CLUBFOOT first was described by the father of scientific medicine, the great Greek physician, Hippocrates. He recommended that a child born with its feet twisted be subjected to repeated manipulations, and that bandages then be applied to hold the foot in place until it healed properly. As time went on, various surgeons studied the question more scientificallly, with a view to producing not only a foot that looked well, but also a foot that would be as useful as .possible. The methods of treatment ot clubfeet have varied and changed from early operative methods, which involved removal of portions of bone and cutting of tendons, to manipulative methods which involved

IT SEEMS TO ME

IN a world in which very much now is amiss, it is pleasant to find that at least one pressing problem is being solved by the depression. I refer to the overemphasis placed upon intercollegiate football. With sparsely filled bowls at New Haven and Cambridge last Saturday, it becomes evident that causes very remote from the campus are working to “give the game back to the boys.” If things move as they now are proceeding, we may find football back in the good old days of its infancy, when the chief rivals engaged in combat before nothing more than a small knot of relatives and friends. No more will each move be tossed through the ether on wide hook-ups, and in another ten years the adjectives of announcers will be reserved for cigarets, rather than quarter backs. * a Out of the Glare AND I think it will be better so. Even today, although the throngs are dwindling, the crowds arfd the general interest are suf-

with any degree of satisfaction, the propaganda they are spreading. We have learned through our stomach and empty pocketbook that the Hoover program is not good for the honest working man, willing to do honest labor for a livelihood. It is time the American people think for themselves and let it be known to the select few that this government is for the people, by the people, and of the people. And that we no longer care to accept the views of those who oppose these principles.

I have not lost faith in President Hoover. I never had any in him. I read articles written prior to his election that convinced me that a man' charged with an many unAmerican principles as he could not, and would not, be a good man to place at the head of a nation of people who had suffered from bad government for some time past, in fact since the beginning of the Harding administration. This greatest nation of ours is crying for a man that wifi be honest and upright at the head of our government. To whom shall we turn? Certainly not to Mr. Hoover, who has made such a bad record that he himself must forsake the precedent set by former Presidents to remain at Washington when running for second term and allow his administration associates to do his campaigning, it is so serious that he must appeal to the people to overlook the mistakes of the last three years and give him one more chance to finish the job Can we believe his words? Can we have faith in his promises? Did he not promise as much in 1928? Some will be fooled, but the majority will answer in November, and we will be pleased to see his retirement to private life, and if he chooses, of course, it will be all right for him to go back to England. Yours truly, J. A. RASH. Frankfort, Ind. Who is chairman of the new federal home loan board? Franklin WTFort.

F. O. B. Detroit

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

forcing the foot into proper position, and finally to a gradual change in the position of the foot brought about by a series of plaster casts and wedgings. Today hundreds of children born with clubfeet have been treated by modern methods, with exceedingly successful results. The exact cause of clubfeet is not known. Apparently heredity has some influence in the matter, because it is found in some 4 per cent to 5 per cent of the cases that someone in the family has had trouble with this deformity previously. Dr. J. H. Kite believes that it is desirable to handle the cases as early as possible, because molding is much simpler early in life than later. Each year after a child has begun to walk, a longer and longer

ficient to make close and punishing newspaper scrutiny inevitable. I do not think that it is desirable from the standpoint of the undergraduate and particularly of the player himself. The nervous tension of the contest is heavy, and I don’t think that youngsters of 19 or 20 should be placed under the additional burden of having to face next day’s headlines and possibly next day’s extremely candid reportorial comment. For instance, I found in one running story of the game by an intelligent sports writer the most savage sort of treatment for Dean, the Harvard kicker: “Dean’s punt at this point was wretched.” “Again Dean fizzled badly.” “His next try was ludicrous.”

Now, upon the precise yardage covered by the kicks all this was fair t enough, but I think it is far too "much to fling in the face of any lad who supposedly is playing a game for the fun of it and doing the best he can. tt tt * Twilight of Big Three Fortunately fates beyond the economic factor also are working to decircusize college football. The leaders of the great tradition in this section of the country are mostly fallen upon more or less evil days. Last year Princeton football grew so fe*ble as to be a matter which the student body tried its very best to forget. Certainly it was nothing to sit up nights about, and even a short cheer could be accomplished only by allowing each rooter the privilege of keeping his tongue in his cheek. The ugly scandal was circulated that Princeton had gone “smooth.” And this means that some of the undergraduates actually were reading books and indulging in conversation about Hemingway, Cather, and Lewis. The score of each game when duly posted served to drive the students deeper and deeper into intelectual activities. It was a bad football team, and that’s the way culture is born. At New Haven this year there are brighter prospects than have been known at Yale for many decades. I mean for poets, essayists, and those who want to take a fling In fiction. The fact that Yale so far has failed to win a single game should serve to send a thrill of pride along the spine of the entire English department. It may even inspire the chemists, the Latinists, and the Greeks.

Those old rough edges which were used to scarify opponents have been worn down mightily since the beginning of the season. Yale has grown smooth with a vengeance in everything save its running attack. And when ah Eli play is piled up for no gain because of lack of power or inept execution the shock as the carrier meets the stone wall in front of him is felt in distant quarters. Some freshmai sitting near the top of the Bowl sighs once and then brightens as he says to himself, “I think I’ll write a poem.” m m Out of Lodge of Sorrow MUCH of thp great literature oi the world has been distilled out of frustration, and this year New Haven offers that commodity

time is required to correct this type of deformatory. Children treated during the first year of life could have their treatment completed with twenty-three weeks; the second year of life, twenty-four and one-half weeks, and the sixth year, forty-one and seven-tenths weeks. Out of several hundreds of children studied ’by one specialist, 88 per cent had the< condition successfully corrected without operations through regular molding of the feet in repeated treatments, using casts and wedgings. It is one of the marvels of modern science that children who formerly would have hobbled through life the subjects of pity, now are enabled to walk about with feet that resemble those of the normal child, and thereby are given opportunities for success and happiness.

Ideals and opinions expressed in (his column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

HEYWOOD BROUN

heaped up and running over. The double wing back may fail, and, even so, there is always Pegasus, the flying horse. It was particularly appropriate that Army should administer the worst of the trouncings received this year by the big Blue team. After all, it is the object of West Point to turn young men into second lieutenants, and the development of independent thinking need not be a matter of grave concern in the functioning of their curriculum. At Harvard, I am sorry to state, things are not so good. It is true that Dartmouth outplayed the Gi’imson, but by a sad twist of circumstance Harvard won. The renaissance has been delayed. But, after all, only by the margin of a field goal. (CoDvridbt, 1932. by The Times)

today m ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

CONFLANS IS SHELLED October 29 ON Oct 29, 1918, Americans shelled the Conflans region. French attacked on a seven-mile line east of Laon. Rhine Germans were in wild flight. In Italy, pilled, forces captured Conegliano, five ’ miles from the Piave, and pushed on along a front of thirty-seven miles. Continuing its efforts for immemediate cessation of hostilities on its fronts, Austria-Hungary sent a note to Secretary Lansing, asking him to iAtervene with President Wilson for an immediate armistice. In Germany, the federal council approved the bill amending the constitution in the form adopted by the reichstag. The Bavarian premier notified Berlin that the Bavarian royal family would claim the imperial throne in the event of Kaiser Wilhelm’s abdication. The republic of Czechoslovakia was proclaimed.

Washington to Hoover The life stories ot all the Presidents, brief but comprehensive, are contained in our Washington bureau’s bulletin, THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Facts about their lives and services, their families, their politics, their accomplishments. You will find this bulletin a valuable reference source during the political campaign this fall. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE Department 201, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or uncancelled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and N0.... City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code NoJ

'OCT. 27, 1932

’jsCIENCEI BY DAVID DIETZ Passenger Pigeons, Once Millions Strong, Are Extinct in United States. r I 'HE passenger pigeon has gone A the way of the dodo. It Is extinct. Once it was one of the most abundant creature* upon the North American continent. But the last one died in 1914 and its stuffed form now graces a shelf in one of the exhibition rooms of the Sniithsonian institution of Washington. During the last few years there have been frequent reports that the passenger pigeon still exists in remote localities. Letters frequently are received by various institutions from persons claiming to have seen one. The Smithsonian institution believes that all plausible clews should be investigated. Nevertheless, it feels certain that the passenger pigeon is extinct. The last authentic report of the bird being seen in the wild state was received in 1898. The last known passenger pigeon died in captivity in the Cincinnati zoo at 1 p. m. on Sept. 1, 1914. That day marked the closing chapter in the book of what man had done to the passenger pigeon. For it was the spread of the city, the cutting down of the forests, and the slaughter of the pigeons by the thousands that led to thek extinction. * Size Is Deceptive o EPORTS regarding the passen-A-V ger pigeon range from statements of bird lovers that they have seen one of the birds somewhere to the wildest sort of stories. “Unfortunately,” says Arthur C. Bent,, ornithologist, who has prepared a brief report on the subject for thp Smithsonian institution “the mourning dove often is mistaken for the passenger pigeon. In the west, the band-tailed pigeon has been mistaken similarly. T seems to be a common Idea that the passenger pigeon easily is recognized by its size, which is larger than that of the mourning dove. All ornithologists know how deceptive size can be.

“Even to an expert ornithologist, a mourning dove may look as large as a passenger pigeon. The fact that the observer may have seen thousands of these birds in previous years, and has handled and plucked them, does not necessarily mean he is a good judge of the bird.” Among the stories circulated to account for the extinction of the passenger pigeon are tales of forest fires, tornadoes, epidemics of disease and drowning of large numbers of the birds. One story is that they became exhausted while flying over the Gulf of Mexico and that immense numbers fell in and were drowned. There seems to be many stories in circulation that the birds existed in large numbers and then suddenly were wiped out. It is believed by some that the bird still exists in small numbers in remote parts of northern Michigan and Canada, Bent says. tt a u Birds Lost Heart BENT, however, is not inclined to believe that colonies of passenger pigeons still exist. “It seems quite probable,” he says, “that a bird accustomed for tges to living together in large numbers and close ranks, whether in feeding, migrating, roosting cr nesting, might find it impossible to continue these functions satisfactorily with greatly reduced and scattered ranks. It is probably no mere figure of speech to say that under those circumstances such a communistic bird would ‘lose heart,’ nor is it fanciful to suppose that sterility might in consequence affect the remnants.” When the white man first arrived on this continent, the carrier pigeon was present in incredible numbers. An account written in Pennsylvania in 1740 says of them: “The big as well as the little trees in the wood, sometimes covering a distance of seven English miles, became so filled with r,hem that hardly a twig or branch could be seen that they did not cover.

“When they alighted on the trees, their weight was so heavy that not only big limbs and branches the size of a man’s thigh were broken straight off, but less firmly rooted trees broke completely under the load.” The American naturalist, Alexander Wilson, calculated that there were .two billion birds in a flock which flew over Frankfort, Ky, in 1832. J ’ The flock took four hours to pass and Wilson estimated (hat it was 240 miles long and a mile wide. He says that the sky was darkened by their great numbers. Daily Thought For even the Son of man came not to be ministered onto, bat to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.—St. Mark 10:45. Mercy turns her back to the unmerciful. —Quarles. How many imigrants were admitted to the United StAates in 1930 and 1931 and how many departed? The 1930 figures are immigrants, 241,700, and emigrants, 50,861; the 1931 figures are immigrants. 97,139, and emigrants, 61,882.