Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 128, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 October 1932 — Page 6

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Fixing Tax Rates The new board of tax review is finding that running a government without money takes on the same difficulty that the Egyptians found in making bricks without straw. Under the law passed by the special session of the legislature, the tax rate is limited to $1.50 on each SIOO. The law sets up a board named by the circuit judge to review the work of officials elected by the people. At least one member of that board has a very definite political interest in discrediting the present officials of the city and county. This appointive board is insisting on cutting the rates to a point where there would be no government. Such a condition may come if it becomes impossible for property owners to pay any taxes, no matter what the rate. That condition could easily come from continued unemployment of large numbers. But until that time arrives, an ordinary regard for safety would demand that tax reductions still permit the government to operate. Under the proposals of the heavy taxpayers demanding the $1.50 rate, the taxes raised would hardly provide for the Interest on public debts. There would be no police department and the whispered suggestion that the schools be closed for all but four or five months a year would be a reality. Under such a rate, there would be no fire department and the sanitary department would be reduced to a point where epidemics might be expected. An effort on the part of discredited politicians to now discredit the accomplishments of Mayor Sullivan ought not to be permitted to invitp this chaos. The truth is that for years the taxpayers, socalled, were acquiescent when extravagance end waste and worse ruled in the city hall and courthouse. Under that bad government, huge debts ware created. The city is now paying for its former years of misrule. It is paying for the years of bossism. Tax reductions are necessary. But there is a limit. Orderly government and the protection of life, property and health are more important in days of depression than in times of prosperity. Elected officials, in the long run, should be more responsive to the public will and have more regard foi the common welfare than appointive boards. The Depression and Medicine Industry and agriculture frequently have been picked upon to illustrate the anarchy and chaos produced by unrestricted competitive ideals. We have r surfeit of shoes and shoe factories, but children and adults go with bare feet. We have a vast surplus of unconsumed wheat, but there are long breadlines. It would seem that the same disastrous results of Inadequate organization and planning also have affected the physicians. Dr. Charles Gordon Heyd, president of the medical society of New York state, has declared that a large number of physicians in our larger cities have been forced to turn to work as 'taxi-drivers, night watchmen, and elevator operators, to eat. The depression has rendered it increasingly difficult for city patients to pay doctor’s bills. They either seek treatment in dispensaries and clinics or face disease without medical assistance. Dr. Heyd tells us that 20 per cent of the families who formerly went to personal physicians now are without medical care. He might have gone further and told us that, taking the country as a whole, more than 20 per cent of the population have been devoid _ of decent medical care for a generation. Every important survey of farm life in the United States during the last quarter century has emphasized inadequacy of medical care in rural districts. As the practice of medicine has been rendered more scientific and has been urbanized through hospital work and connections, doctors have become ever more reluctant to practice among farmers and in small villages. Hospitals are distant or nonexistent. Considerable distances must be covered to call on patients. There are few gilt-edged prospects for high fees. It may be granted that rural practice is less enticing than a Park avenue office in New York City, along with tie-ups with the best metropolitan hospitals. But modern technology has made the rural practice of medicine much more feasible and practicable than it was in the old days of the country doctor of honorable tradition, literary and medical. Formerly, a relative of the sick person would have to make a hard trip by horse and buggy, often over almost impassable roads in the dead of night, to inform the doctor of his need for assistance. The doctor then would have to harness his horse and follow his informant over the same miserable bogs. Today a rural doctor is called by telephone promptly. He backs his car out of the garage and speeds to his patient over paved state or county roads, passable at almost any time of year. If he must consult a laboratory or a specialist, the country doctor can visit a neighboring metropolis in a few hours. Again, the improvement and cheapening of many mechanical medical devices in recent years makes it possible for a country doctor to have equipment which was available, if at all, only in hospitals a generation back. Not only is there a general lack of adequate medical attention in the country; there is a special and alarming absence of scientific treatment of certain types of disease, notably venereal diseases and mental and nervous disorders. If the medical profession can not bring about this desirable transfer of elevator-running physicians to unserved rural sections, then there is a task in medical economy and organization to which the department of agriculture, the department of the interior, or both, well might devote serious attention. ' Here is a ‘ back to the land” movement which has some sense and logic behind it. Human Factors in Politics One of A1 Smith’s greatest gifts as a Governor was his ability to deal with his personal enemies. He could fight and still make them like him. Because of this gift it was possible for him to bring about his many accomplishments in th* face of politically hostile legislatures. Had that certain human quality of his been lacking, he would have been in constant deadlock with the law-making branch of the state. And vnly through law making can a Governor's—cr a President’s—policies finally be put into effect. The term executive, as a matter of fact, in the common acceptance of the word, is a misnomer when applied to a high political office, such as the governorship or the presidency. “Executive” connotes the idea of one who directs by giving orders to subordinates. But you can’t give

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPB-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indlanapolia Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marlon County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a year: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOTI) OURLET. BOX W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—RI ley 5581 FRIDA Y. OCT 7, 1932, Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

political system is on an equal rating with the executive. One of Herbert Hoover's outstanding weaknesses has been a deficiency in that quality which Smith possesses in such rare degree. Accustomed throughout his life, up until he became President, to executive work in the order-giving sense, he was unable to adjust himself to the rough and tumble necessities of getting results from hostile politicians in congress. Generally speaking, he was peevish. His manner of approach antagonized. The frequent stalemates in his relationship with senate and house were the outcome. Important in this connection, as relating to the present campaign, is the performance of Franklin D. Roosevelt in dealing with his enemies this week In Albany. He showed a most unusual capacity for coupling fight with tact. His victory over the Tammany crowd that sought to sidetrack Roosevelt’s candidate for the governorship came with a minimum of bitterness. If he could handle his political enemies in congress in the same way he handled the Curry-Lehman situation, he would bring to bear, in event of his election, an essential quality which many political executives, Including Hoover, lack, and which A1 Smith, more than any other political executive of our time, possesses—an ability to deal with human beings and the human factors that, after all, finally determine great public decisions. Repeal Means Economy Expenditure of more money for judicial efficiency is recommended by Chief Justice Charles E. Hughes at the annual conference of senior circuit judges, a body set up by congress to survey the federal court system. More judges are needed, these judges find. Also, there is need for more probation officers to carry out the humane probation system, as well as congressional authority for judges to extend probation in many cases of minor crimes not now authorized by law. These recommendations for increased expenditure may shock some of those who have been emphasizing the need for economy in government and the reduction of tax burdens. But a little consideration of the causes of these needs, and a look beyond the dollar sign into the use to which the comparatively small sum will be put, should convince any citizen or legislator that here Is a good investment. So long as the nation delays getting rid of prohibition, it can not cavil at paying for the increased cost of prosecuting and jailing prohibition violators in increasing numbers every year. Asa civilized nation, can we protest at hiring probation officers instead of more jails and jailers? Anyway, it is cheaper. The complexity* of our life and laws is responsible for the most of the 222,738 federal cases inaugurated in a single year, but 65,960 of them were criminal prohibition cases and 15,455 were civil prohibition cases. Repeal of prohibition is the way to economize in United States courts. B. E. F. Wisdom Representatives of the bonus expeditionary force, meeting Wednesday in a dimly lighted warehouse in Uniontown, Pa., voted to send a committee of ten veterans to Washington this winter to press its demands for immediate payment of the bonus. This committee will act in place of another massed march upon th ’pitol, as originally planned. The nation w.U applaud the veterans’ choice of method as wise, even though it does not agree with the bonus demands. Like any other group of Americans, they have a legal and moral right to petition their government in any peaceful manner they choose. They had this right last winter, when they marched to Washington to urge immediate payment of the bonus, and to show congress and the President the sorry plight to which they had come. Had President Hoover then met them as man to man and told them why their cause was hopeless, we believe they would have folded their tents after the adjournment of congress—possibly even earlier. Instead, he refused to see them and then ordered out troops to eject them with bayonet, tank, gas, and sword. It was a brutal and senseless show of force. The resentment of the ragged veterans and citizens generally was intensified when, after the affair, the administration libeled them as reds, ex-convicts, and hoodlums. Will the President again refuse to see a veterans’ committee? Notables and grandees of Madrid are putting their palaces up for sale, Wanta buy one?

Just Every Day Sense

By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

THE most foolish argument advanced by the opponents of married women in industry, in my opinion, is this: That, with a wife working, a man’s sense of responsibility is lessened, he may lose his ambition, and after a while be content to allow her to support him entirely. Now if that is the sort of male this generation is breeding, then the sooner we eliminate him, the better for everybody. Os all ridiculous notions, this takes the grand prize. Stated plainly, it can mean only one thing. If anybody is willing to support him, your American man is willing to sit back and be supported. I do not believe that. There are plenty of shiftless, no-account men around, but there are many more of the other kind who, if they had a whole harem toiling for them, still would want to work. To be without a job long does something harmful to a man’s spirit. It lowers his morale. It shames him so that he may, if forced to idleness too long, sink into a lethargy from which he will find it hard to emerge again. 0a m ' BUT even so, that’s a poor excuse for keeping women idle by law or public opinion. And right now, the men need competition. Nothing will do them so much good in the long run as to have to keep on their toes, lest they lose their lcng-boasted masculine superiority. The truth is they are spoiled terribly. Repeating to themselves the pleasing myth that they are by nature more capable and intelligent than women, they have come to believe it themselves. Thus they have developed a dangerous tendency to rest too long upon their laurels. And that is bad for them, and for the civilization they are building. I believe in American men. And. because I believe in them, I never could agree that when every woman works, every man will lose the desire to do so. They can not be such poor creatures as this idea implies.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

-Says:-

Government Costs Must Be Squared With Diminished Sources of Revenue. NEW YORK, Oct. 7.—Whether considered from a national, state, or local standpoint, the para- ; mount issue of this campaign is j drastic reduction in public expendij tures. Government costs must be ! squared with diminished sources of j revenue, not only as a matter of I fairness, but to liberate all possible ; credit for relief work and promotion of all activities essential to recovery. For three years, we have proceeded on the assumption that maintenance of public pay rolls and public budgets would help restore wages, prices and profits in private enterprise. The assumption has proved false. Not only has private enterprise failed to respond as expected, but towns, cities, states and even tne nation itself have sunk deeper and deeper into debt. Though the earning power of the American people has shrunk by onehalf during the last three years, their tax bill remains about the same. In some instances, the tax bill has risen. Such condition can nqt continue. Tne lack of proportion it represents already has become appalling. In 1928, 14 cents of every $1 earned in this country went for taxes. That was bad enough, but now the amount stands at about 30 cents. In other words, where the average taxpayer had 86 cents out of each dollar he earned to use for business or living expenses four years ago, he has only 70 cents today, and the number of dollars available has shriveled to one-half. B B B Must Make Sacrifices IT is absurd to suppose that we can meet and overcome an emergency like that which exists without making sacrifices, but the sacrifices will be futile unless made intelligently and with an eye to fairness. With ten million people out of work, with an incalculable number of business enterprises gone bankrupt, with an enormous amount of property being sold for taxes, or placed in hands of receivers, with an endless stream of evicted tenants pouring forth on the streets of every city, and an equally impressive stream of sold-out farmers looking for shelter in every section, public officials should be warned. Though we may have escaped certain perilous phases of this depression, we have not conquered it, by any means. We are not even sure that the tide has turned, nor can we be sure until our revenues have been brought into line with our expenditures, or vice versa. The increase of taxes by which the federal budget was supposed to have been balanced has proved inadequate. The very day that President Hoover told us how completely Uncle Sam s house had been put in order, the treasury department came out with a report showing a tremendous deficit for the first quarter of this fiscal year. The next day, stocks went down 4 or 5 points. New York Is Example TT is the same story in most of the states, counties and municipalities. Government, whether Democratic or Republican, whether local or national, has shown a poor disposition to play fair, or meet the issue squarely. In New York City, the real quarrel is over a cut in the budget. That is why Tammany wanted to save Walker, it generally was understood that he would protect the padded pay rolls and “honest” giaft. For precisely the same reason, taxpayers wanted to get rid of him. Mayor McKee began to slash expenditures as soon as he took Walker's place, and that is why Tammany does not want him. That is why the Tammany controlled board of estimates took the budget making power out of his hands. New York City is no exception to the prevailing situation. On every hand, the people are to be found fighting for reduction in government costs, while intrenched politics is to be found fighting just as hard against it. Those who see only a funny side to this state of affairs should read the recent history of Chicago.

Questions and Answers

Name the school in Oregon that challenged in the United States supreme court the constitutionality of the state compulsory school law. How was the case decided? The suit was brought by the Hill Military academy, a private school. The Oregon supreme court decided that the law was unconstitutional and the decision was upheld by the United States supreme court, June 1, 1925. Is the story of the ‘Tied Piper of Hamelin,” by Browning, based on fact? It is based on the legend of a ratcatcher named Bunting in Westphalia, who in 1284, when h e failed to collect for his services, enticed the children of the city into a cave where 130 perished. How many r00m.9 does the Vatican contain? It has 20 courts, and about 1,000 halls, chapels and apartments. What color is the Caledonia rose? When first opening it is slightly lemon tinged, but changes to pure white as it develops. Who played opposite to Richard Barthelmess in “The Bright Shawl”? Mary Aster. How may Negroes are members of the Roman Catholic church in the United States? Which state has the largest number? .There are 124.324 in the United States and 61,615 in Louisiana.

Daily Thoughts

For the kingdom of God is not meat and drink; bat righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. —Romans, 14:17. An honest man’s the noblest work of God.—-Pope.

Hanging His Clothes on a Hickory Limb

Two Causes of Child Malnutrition

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygcia, the Health Magazine. IN the White House conference on child health and protection, one phrase was heard repeatedly; namely, malnourished children. It is difficult to conceive in this country, even in a time of universal economic stress, that any considerable number of children do not get sufficient nourishment, but actually there are children starving with plenty of food, and there are many cases of children who get insufficient food. Malnutrition in children is due to one of these two causes, either insufficient food or unsuitable food. There are, of course, other cases, in which secondary diseases, such as infections in the tonsils or teeth, or hookworms in the bowel, or malaria may be responsible for a lack of sufficient nourishment for

IT SEEMS TO ME

IF there is an election and*, if James J. Walker runs, it is going to be fancy. It will provide the residents of New York with a chance to vote for the defendant, the accuser, and the judge all on the same ticket. This concept is not my own, but that of Morris Hillquit. But this is no fantasy from any partisan point of view, but the exact and literal factual lineup. Mr. Walker has announced that he wishes to run for the sake of vindication. But vindication from whom? He resigned under fire upon the plea that Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt was conducting the hearing in a way prejudical to his rights anr> in violation of all decent sense of justice. And yet James J. Walker purposes to run as the ally and ticket mate of Franklin Roosevelt. In other words, the argument, as I understand it. from the Walkerian angle, that Governor Roosevelt, having been inept, unfair, and biased as the ruler over a single problem, now should be set up as the executive having jurisdiction over the vital concerns of the millions. b a A Politician Often Forgets WITHIN my own lifetime I have heard it said that James J. Walker was the victim of a vicious and a partisan attack brought against him suddenly and without reason by Republicans who are wolves, roaming in packs and seeking lone wayfarers whom they may devour. And the chief wolf, the one with dripping fangs, who snapped at the immaculate heels and even the trouser leg of James J. Walker, was identified as Samuel Hofstadter, the head of the legislative committee appointed to pry into affairs which should be both private and sacrosanct. I'm sure I heard statements to this effect from Walker and his followers and supporters. Imagine, then, my surprise to read in the daily press the well-confirmed report that this same Hofstadter has been selected by Mr. Curry as one whose nomination Tammany would be delighted to support and sanction. It doesn’t seem to make sense to any one who is not accutomed to

Bye, Baby Bunting — Daddy’s going hunting—but let’s hope he knows about getting his hunting license, and what game he is allowed to shoot —otherwise he may get himself in trouble! Our Washington bureau has ready for you a complete bulletin giving i. summary of the hunting laws of all the states of the union. It gives the cost of a hunting license to residents and nonresidents of all the states; a complete list of open seasons for all sorts of game, and other information that the nimred needs for his fall hunting trip. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 203, Washington Bureau. The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin Hunting Laws of the States, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled. United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

children, and thereby illness and absence from school. B B B ONE investigator mentions particularly a third group of malnourished children, which he calls the ‘‘tired child.” Such a child does not appear to be i”. in any way. It is merely fatigued. It has what is called a low vitality potential. It is just simply not enough alive. It does not keep up with the other children in school, and it does not play as actively as d6 normal children. In addition, there is the type of child who seems to have supervitality and who thereby overdoes everything. Such a child stays up late, never stops playing until exhausted, never stops studying until it falls asleep at the desk, and keeps up this program day after day and night after night until the point of breakdown. There are, of course, children who begin life with constitutions in-

HEYWOOD 151 BROUN

reading his favorite newspaper while standing on his head. And yet I am perhaps a little dense in my reception and interpretation of Tammany logic and psychology. If it is true, as James J. Walker many times avowed, that Samuel Hofstadter was among the most arch of all the rouges, wouldn’t the idea come inevitably to the Wigwam, “Here is a man well fitted by all our standards sos the bench?” B B a How About Seabury? BUT why did a clever man like Mr. Curry miss a trick? I’ll grant that the suggested backfield of Roosevelt, Walker, and Hofstadter suggests great deception and a triple threat. But where is Seabury? If only he had been included as a senatorial nominee and the man to call the signals, the balance would have been so perfect that nobody could have denied these horsemen a blanket indorsement for the AllAmerica. Samuel and. James and Franklin! See how they run. And they can kick and dodge and pass. Politics seldom has provided stranger bedfellows or better allies in a broken field. Os course it is still distinctly possible that Tammany will not go to the length of reducing the big conflict between the major parties to a palpable absurdity. Mr. Curry may be moved by the argument, “Os course, it’s good strategy, but is it art?” Our perambulating Pericles seems less than certain of his own mind. In far-off Pa:is he is quoted as saying, “If I had any sense, I would go away and keep quiet, because I realize it would ruin me physically if I went back into politics.” But after examining the major premise of the lost leader, I still remain less than wholly convinced that this is a complete disclaimer of his intention to stand for office again if possible, u u Tigers Are Known to Grin TAMMANY is rot without a sense of humor, and there is the suggestion that it may endeavor to take the public’s mind off the depression and all our woes by mak-

herited from parents who are themselves malnourished, anemic, or weak. These children did not have enough nutrition during the period before birth and this deficiency continues until the death f the child, which in such cases frequently occurs at an early age. The handling of all these children presents physically the same problem. What is demanded is more rest, less activity, and a program in school and in play adjusted individually to the physical ability of the child concerned. Os course, children with such diseases as asthma, hay fever, heart disease, or any of the other disturbances that have been mentioned should have complete and careful diagnosis and the best medical care. Good medical care given to such children early in life means a vast saving to the community in the care of defectice adults at a later period.

Ideals and opinions expressed In this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

ing the race for mayor a rip -snorting farce. The latest names advanced as possible substitutes for Jimmy are those of Grover Whalen and Samuel Levy, our borough president. The only recollection I have of Mr. Levy concerns his appearance at a banquet given by the Jewish Theatrical Guild to James J. Walker. Dozens of famous actors were waiting to do their turns, but when Mr. Levy rose to make a speech he was determined that it was going to be a speech and not a few remarks. He had provided himself with a manuscript which if laid end to end would have reached from here to Trenton. George Jessel was the toastmaster, and after the first hour or so he began to tug at Mr. Levy’s coattails. But the orator was not sensitive. When they dragged him out he was still functioning. Oh, well, let him be mayor. It wouldn’t be the funniest thing which ever has happened to us. (Copyright, 1932. by The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Back in 1926 and 1927, when I complained that the farmer was not getting his share of and that he was being carried along with the tide, money being loaned to him on imaginary futures, I was given such silly answers as "No wonder, they ride around in automobiles all day, and spend more time with their radios than they do their farming,” and other silly statements# of the same type. I came to the conclusion then, that, with the tax rate on real estate constantly increasing and the farmer’s income constantly decreasing, it merely would be a matter of time until he would be unable to carry the tax load, and the bubble would burst. It did not take a smart man to figure that out. Under our system of government, real estate always has carried the tax load. It is a very simple kind of taxation. If you have it, you can’t hide it, and, therefore, when more money is needed for government activities, a few more cents is added to the real estate tax and the problem is solved. A few years ago one person would say to another, "There ought to be a law.” A minority would be formed, another law would be passed, people hired to enforce it, more money needed to pay the help, a few more cents added to the real estate tax until we have reached the present state of affairs where two-thirds of the citizen of the United States are working to keep the other one-third happy and contented on some government pay roll. But now the farmer and the home owner are beginning to sit up and take notice. The farmers I know are not interested in high protective tariffs, with wheat at 32 cents and corn at 20; in the excellent record of the farm board, with its regulation of the law of supply and demand, and the home loan bank, which will enable building and loan associations to liquidate frozen assets, but they are interested vitally in their governments, local, state and national. They have realized that the present state of affairs has been brought about by too much government,

.OCT. 7, 1932

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ

Man Still Impotent Before Wrath of Hurricanes, Earthquakes and Volcanoes. MAN builds skyscrapers that 1 tower into the sky. He sails above the clouds in the airplane and the airship. But occasionally nature reminds him that she still is supreme. He has not learned to conquer the earthquake or the volcano, the hurricane or the tornado. When na- 4 ture stirs restlessly, man is reminded of how puny he really is. The news of the last two weeks tells the story. The hurricane that swept the West Indies, centering most of its wrath on Puerto Rico, killed about 200 persons, injured about 2.000 more and made 75,000 homeless. A severe earthquake on the pen- w insula of Chalkidiki, Greece, killed more than 300 and injured 1.000. Two hundred refugees who took shelter on the Island of Amodiana are reported to have lost their lives when that island was swallowed by the sea following the quake. It is probable that the island did not sink, but was swept by a tidal wave caused by the quake. September is the second month this year that nature has shown her restlessness. In April of this year, a number of volcanoes in the Andes mountains came to life, darkening the sky with smoke and showering South American cities with ashes. It was on April 11 that the volcanoes along a 400-mile strip of the mountain region of Chile became’ f active. Light earthquakes accompanied the volcanic display. Three Forces THUS in a few months, Nature has shown three of her deadliest forces, the earthquake, the volcano and the hurricane. Man has had reason to fear these three since the beginning of history. We find the earthquake described in the Bible, which Ezekiel prophesies, “And the mountains shall be thrown down, and the steep places shall fall, and every wall shall fall to the ground.” And yet man never has fled th& % regions where these scourges are most likely to occur. Hendrik Van Loon, in his “Geography,” wonders why it is that men have insisted throughout history in locating farms on the slopes of volcanoes. They have done it where those scopes were unusually fertile. Similarly. many regions subject to earthquakes or to hurricanes have attracted men because, when Nature slept, they were pleasant places to live. California is subject to earthquakes and Florida to hurricanes. Earthquakes are most common in zones known as the seismic regions. These are zones of weaxness in the earth's crust that developed during the last period of mountainbuilding. As b result, many of the zones lie along great mountain ranges. Japan is the region on the earth’s surface where earthquakes are likely to occur with greatest frequency. The seismograph registers an average of three quakes a day there. Most of them, however, are faint and harmless. The Dutch East Indies constitute another seismic region. India is a third. The earthquake which did the greatest damage in recent times occurred in Japan on Sept. 1, 1923, in the Tokio and Yokohama district. The first violent shocks were followed by fires. More than 100,000 people lost their lives. B B B About Volcanoes VOLCANOES sometimes occur in isolated localities, as Mt. Etna in Sicily. Most volcanoes, however, are arranged in lines; a fewer number in groups. Mt. Vesuvius near Naples is at the end of a long line of volcanoes of which the others are extinct. About 500 volcanoes have been known to be active in historic times. The extinct volcanoes in existence . total about 5,000. *, Volcanoes occur where the crust of the earth has undergone the greatest amount of shifting and upheaval and as a result is the weakest. The greatest number of active volcanoes are found in the region of most recent upheaval, the shores of the Pacific ocean. They also occur along the shores of the Mediterranean, in Asia, India and the Dutch East Indies. At present there is only one active volcano in the United States. It is Lassen peak in California. At one time, there were a number, including Mt. Hood, Mt. Adams, Mt. Baker, Mt. Ranier and Mt. Shasta(* Since both earthquake regions and volcanoes are associated with weaknesses in the earth’s crust, the two sometimes are found together. Thus Japan is so unfortunate as to be both an earthquake region and the possessor of active volcanoes. A hurricane is a severe windstorm whose path of destruction may be several hundred miles wide. Hurricanes originate in the tropics somewhere north of the equator It was a hurricane that caused the damage to Galveston on Sept. 8, 1900, when more than 6,000 persons lost their lives.

M TODAY agt* WORLD ANNIVERSARY

YANKS WIN IN ARGONNE Oct. 7

/'AN Oct. 7, 1918, Americans won a V-/ hot battle for possession of the north end of the Argonne forest, taking Chatel-Chehery and the commanding positions on the Aire. The British advanced on a fourmile front north of the Scarpe and captured Oppy and Blache St. Vaast. The French took and a French naval division entered \ Beirut. with its heavy taxation, and what they want is not more government, but less, and a lot less. ‘ ? In my humble opinion the state $1.50 tax law is just a start in the right direction, and if our present bunch of politicians can read, they will understand that the farmer and the home owner are calling a halt on the squandering of public money for the benefit of whatever party.* happens to be in power. SEDGWICK R. AKIN.