Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 123, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 October 1932 — Page 4

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Roosevelt on Tariff Roosevelt at Sioux City spoke ably on two root evils—high taxes and high tariffs. Leaving for another address a detailed discussion of federal revenues and expenditures, he stressed the issue of local and state taxes, which represent twothirds of our total tax burden. He showed that sweeping reorganization of local •nd state governments, involving scrapping of many offices and functions of useless and overlapping units, is necessary to lift the tax burden. In his longer discussion of the tariff, he went farther than ever before in a demand for reduction —though not far enough, in our judgment. He was especially honest in admitting that the tariff can not help the farmer, but that, on the contrary, it is responsible for much of the disastrous spread between the price of what the farmer sells and what he must buy. This statement is all the more gratifying because in an earlier speech Roosevelt seemed to be fingering the farm tariff gold brick. We quote his latest statement: "The principal cash crops of our farms are produced much in excess of our domestic requirement. We know, of course, that no tariff on a surplus crop, no matter how high the wall, has the slightest effect to raise the domestic price of that crop. "The producers of all these crops are thrust as effectively outside the protection of our tariff w'alls as if there were no tariff at all. But we still know that the tariff does proect the prices of industrial products and raises them above world prices, as. the farmer, with increasing bitterness, has come to realize that he sells on a free-trade basis; he buys in a protected market. The higher industrial tariffs go, the greater is the farmer’s burden.” His admirable summary of the vicious effects of the present law follows: , “The Grundy tariff largely has extinguished the export markets for our industrial and farm supplies; it has prevented payment of public and private debts to us, and the interest thereon, increasing taxation to meet the expense of our government, and, finally, it has driven our factories abroad,” Asa resolution, he proposes: 1. Reciprocal arrangements with foreign governments, on a trading basis, for tariff reduction. 2. Enactment of reforms contained in the recent Democratic tariff bill vetoed by Hoover; including reduction of log rolling by legislating on single tariff rates at a time, and making the tariff commission responsible to congress instead of to the President. These reforms are necessary. But his proposal for reciprocal tariff treaties is not convincing as an immediate solution. Negotiation of commercial treaties requires many years, and his reciprocity method involves reversal of our present most-favored-nation treaties and long confusion. Perhaps such change is desirable. We are not certain. Assuming that it is good, it is a long-time change and not a method of quick relief. Because we agree fully with Roosevelt that there can be no real prosperity unless and until the high tariff policy is reversed, we urge flat tariff reduction by the next congress, at least to the 1922 Republican rates, and without waiting for prolonged foreign negotiations. The foreign agreements can and will come later. It remains for Roosevelt to say how much of a tariff cut he favors and when. He admits that his * ©wn and his platform's declaration for a “competitive” tariff "is not widely different from that preached by Republicans.” But he says the Republicans are not sincere in this, while the Democrats are. In view of the Democratic record in helping to pass the Hawley-Smoot monstrosity, and the failure of the recent Garner Democratic tariff bill to propose a single rate reduction, Roosevelt's pledge of a “competitive" tariff does not go far enough. At Sioux City he went most of the way toward pledging tariff reform. In his next tariff address he should go the whole way. and commit himself to a definite and immediate cut. The Wrong Economy Next week the new board of review will take up the city budget and listen to appeals of the organizations of big taxpayers for a reduction of rates. One of the spots where these organizations will ask for economy is in the recreation department. They want the community houses closed. They assert that the city has no money to maintain these institutions. If there is any place where such economy should not be put into effect it is in the matter of amusement and entertainment. While it is very important that the jobless have food, clothing and shelter, it is quite as important that they also have some form of escape from themselves. The man who loses his job no longer belongs to industry or business. The family without funds is automatically cut off from the usual means of providing relief from pressing cares by entertainment that requires money. Enforced leisure without some means of entertainment or amusement is not leisure but desperation. In this city, this winter, there is a need for community gatherings that will permit groups to entertain themselves without cost. The communiy center is not a luxury. In these days it is a necessity for those who use these buildings and an insurance for those who want things to keep on as they are.' Politics and Judges The indorsement of Judge Harry Chamberlin by a group of lawyers should result in a determined effort to take the bench out of politics. That any judge should be elected as either a Republican or a Democrat is in itself a suggestion that justice is partisan. Under the present system of electing judges on partisan nominations, the judge must necessarily be a good politician, rather than a good judge, if he expects to remain in office. The case of Judge Chamberlin is a case in point. He is out of favor with the forces of CoffiniSm because he refused to use his office for the benefit of that dominating force in Republican politics. The same condition exists in the case of Judge Clarence Martin of the supreme court. He has written a number of dissenting opinions that appealed to the plain citizen as being good law' and substantial justice. They did not appeal to the political desires of the rules of his party. Under a nonpartisan ballot', at an election held at a different date than that on which other officials are elected, it is likely that both these judges would be indorsed with considerable unanimity. In a partisan election, they must campaign for with r S

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWAKD MtWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214*220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Irtd. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. >3 a year; outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD OURL.BT. KOI W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 6531 SATURDAY. OCT. 1. 1933. Member of United Press, ScHpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

about the same methods that are used to elect a constable. The taking of the courts out of partisan politics is necessary if the courts are to regain any measure of public confidence. It is a matter of some concern Dhat the courts do not generally command public respect and confidence. Even the supreme court in the past has been under suspicion of writing its decisions with an eye to the political future of the members. The city manager decision is a case in point. It is a matter of record that both the United States senators are on record as trying to influence the court in one decision, that of the contempt trial of the late Rev. E. E. Shumaker of the Anti-Saloon League. In that case, Senator Robinson appealed to his colleague to do what he could to save Shumaker from jail. Senator Watson wrote, and it is in the record, that he had written letters to Indiana to see what could be done. Under a nonpartisan system of electing judges, as is now in effect in some states, there is a better chance of getting real judges instead of good politicians on the bench. That change is more important than the election of any particular judge in the coming campaign. The big drive by lawyers of all parties should be for the abolition of a system that forces candidates for judgeships to pass a partisan test rather than to show qualifications for unbiased and uncontrolled actions after election. No judge should be compelled to appeal to party workers for his election. The Forgotten Child The American nation's record on exploitation of children is revolting. It is more than twenty-five years since the evils visited upon child labor by the machine age were displayed publicly, to shock the country. Proposals for abolition of child labor, including the anti-child labor constitutional amendment, have been delayed, and now are pigeon holed in state legislatures. Only six of the necessary thirty-six states have ratified the amendment. Now' more than 11,000,000 adult workers are out of jobs, w'hile hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of children are at work. In 1930, 2,120,000 children from 10 to 17 were found to be working at w'hat the census bureau terms "gainful employment.” But the employment was not "gainful," for it deprived the children of their heritage of humanity, play, health and education. Child employment is even more disgraceful than adult unemployment. The aggravated condition has not been met in 1932 by the major political parties. Neither platform mentions the subject of child labor, although words are used to indicate a haay approval of "child protection.” President Hoover, in his radio address this w'eek to a child welfare conference in New York, called for "steady 'elimination of child labor.” It would help, he suggested, “if more children were eliminated from these few industries where they still are employed.” failed to appeal for ratification of the antichild labor amendment, or for strengthening the United States children's bureau. The Socialist party and the American Federation of Labor alone are agitating for abolition of child labor. It is too bad that our major parties have forgotten working children. Since the first automobile was made by Henry Ford, more than 57,000,000 have been manufactured. The puzzle is: How do they all manage to find the same street to park on? Our idea of a perfect photograph would be realized with a picture of the federal farm board plowing. I A small tow r n nowadays may be defined as a community where they think Teddy Roosevelt is running for President. What puzzles us these days is: How are they ever going to get that legalized beer into cellophane wrappers? Chicago police authorities recently warned thugs to quit stealing automobiles. A word or two of advice to the underworld is not amiss in the newspapers, anyway. A house was stolen from a lot in Kansas City recently. Wonder how long it will take them to learn how to make away with the Chrysler building? Jim Bausch, Olympic hero, has accepted a job with an insurance company. He can take his prospects over the hurdles.

Just Every Day Sense

By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

A GRAND thing about this depression is that it has widened women's horizons. The need for more social service workers and for more personal charities has given many a housewife anew perspective on life. Women, when things go well, are likely to limit their friendships to small groups. They have special little cliques, a few intimates, with whom they play and whose family secrets they know, and that often will be the extent of their social sphere. And so comfortable will they find themselves in this small, easy-going crowd that soon they dislike to meet other w'omen whose interests may be alien to their own. Hence their outlook on life can become dangerously narrow'. They miss many fine contacts and many inspiring experiences. For you can not understand woman unless you know many different kinds of women. And you never will realize true friendship unless you can have friends in several stations of society. a a o DO not ignore the little serious-minded neighbor who toils over her foreign missionary work, for she may have splendid ideas to give you. Don’t scorn a chat with your laundress, who may be wiser in many ways than you are. Don't fail to get a glimpse of the dreams and ambitions of your manicurist, or of the pale little thing who stands behind the counter of the flve-and-ten. All these people make up your civilization and your world and it would be a great pity to die without haring understood them. I know any number of sheltered women who, after spending a week at the city commissary where the destitute come for food, or after working at the children's home or the day nursery, have been born again. They are new beings, aglow with interest in life and people, and deeply concerned over the fate of men and women with whom they would not have rubbed shoulders three years ago. And how improved they themselves are by this experience! For though you may have all culture and all knowledge, without an understanding heart you are but half a woman.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

Outside Meddling With New York's Affairs Only Helps Tammany. NEW YORK. Oct, L—Tammany will re-elect James J. Walker mayor of New York if it can. It already has used judicial nominations to set the stage. Its indorsement of Samuel H. Hofstadter, who headed the Seabury investigating committee, can be construed in no other way. Its first objective is to prove that it can defy gnd thwart Governor Roosevelt. To this end. it has disregarded his judicial appointments. To this end, it wiil endeavor to prevent the nomination of Herbert Lehman for Governor. The position taken by Tammany places it in defiance of tne state of New York and the national Democratic organization. That tends to strengthen it in the eyes of New Yorkers. Like the people of every other community, New Yorkers want home rule. In one sense of the word, Tammany is standing for home rule. Its opponents will do well not to overlook that point. tt a a Meddling Aids Tammany IT is easy enough to write diatribes against Tammany; they are like Ford jokes. They only help Tammany, especially when baSed on the proposition of outside interference. After all, Tammany is a New York institution. If the people of New York don't like it, theirs is the power to get rid of it. Outside meddling has done much to strengthen Tammany. Those who invite or invoke it make a grave mistake. The present situation is complicated by a natural resentment against state interference with city affairs. The arbitrary removal of high city officials by the Governor, no matter how justifiable it may appear on moral grounds, hurts local pride in New' York, and gives the dominant political organization an opportunity to pose as champion of home rule. It is well enough to argue that officials are unfit and ought to be removed, but if the majority of people v'ant them, what are you going t© do? u a Danger in Law THERE is fundamental danger in clothing the chief executive of any state with such pow'er as the Governor of New York now exercises wuth regard to city officials. Democratic government is supposed to preclude the necessity of one elective official removing another. We can not adopt the premise that the people of a state represent great intelligence than the people of a city. It is consistent with the principles of democracy to subject officials to removal by regularly constituted courts, through due process of law. They should not be immune to grand jury or impeachment proceedings. All that, however, is very different from the kind of proceedings which have recently taken place in New York. Up to New York Itself I HOLD no brief for Tammany hall, or the political philosophy for which it stands. I think the people of New York could do better without it than with it. I think such an organization tends to breed corruption, favoritism, lawlessness, and bad government. I think New- York City is one of the worst managed communities in America, that its economic condition is alarming, and that drastic remedies are in order. I think that Tammany is largely responsible for the extravagance and incompetence which have led to such state of affairs. But w'hen all that has been said, it does not prove that meddling by the state, or any other outside force is the best corrective. On the contrary, it suggests that outside meddling is likely to make matters worse, and this is borne out by past experiences. In the end, we are going to find out that New York never will be cleaned up until New Yorkers are ready to do it.

Questions and

Answers

How much has the United States loaned to Foreign countries, ex-' elusive of the United State government loans? At the end of 1981 the value of private loans was estimated at $7,539.000,000. When and where was Sir Harry Lauder born and where did he make his first professional appearance? He was bom in Portobello. Scotland, in August, 1870, and his professional debut w T as made as a boy at Arbroath. Scotland. Who was the first premier of the republic of Poland? Ignace Paderewski, the, pianist. What is the annual salary of the Governor of Ohio? SIO,OOO. Name the author of the quotation: "Truth crushed to earth shall rise again”? William Cullen Bryant in "The Battlefield.” How old is Adolph Hitler of Germany? Forty-three. Name the largest city in Central America? New Guatemala, capital of the republic of Guatemala. What is the next time after 12 o’clock that the hands of a clock overlap? About 54 minutes after 1 o'clock. Are any United States coins minted in foreign countries? No.

Daily Thoughts

Though I walk in the midst of trouble, thou will revive me; thou shalt stretch forth thine hand against the wTath of mine enemies, and thy right hand shall save me. —Psalms 138:7. He only is exempt , from failures who makes no efforts.—Whately.

BELIEVE IT or NOT

' ' _——■<, W WON ,7 O e> A ROSE BOSH vTcL rs WORLD SERIES /100 YEARS OLD jj g wes f 1 " S rouin g a Double moo Theo shad j-, in Hildesneim, Germany Cbught b</ J.£> Shook, Tract,, C&lrt. V (planted by emperor Charlemagne) J 10-1

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE T. B. Bug’ Is Given Intensive Study

This is the third of four special articles hy Dr. Fishbein on scentists’ fight to eradicate tuberculosis. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Ilvgeia, the Health Magazine. THERE are companies in New York which specialize in raising money for needy educational and philanthropic institutions. These specialists first locate some individual with sufficient money to give part of it away—a task not so difficult in 1929—but considerable of an effort in 1932. Then they make a study of the history, the desires, and the habits of the person concerned. They find out the day of his birth, the number of persons in his family, the dates of any deaths that may have occurred. They look into the type of car that he drives, his favorite amusements, and indeed everything that can be known concerning him. They then take advantage of every one of his little weaknesses in their solicitation of funds. He is

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE political point involved in Gandhi's hunger strike is of necessity obscure and perplexing to the average American. Few of us have sufficient knowledge to pass upon the merits of a controversy concerning the "untouchables.” But the victory won by the little man in a loin, cloth is far more important than the immediate issue involved. It seems to me that he has answered the cry of those who say, “Well, of course, pacifism is all very pretty, but it isn't practical.” I can think of no happening in recent world affairs in which anybody has proved himself so intensely practical as Gandhi. He is, if you like, a religious, a political and an economic fanatic. But, then, nobody has ever said that nonresistance was easy. It can be made effective only by the determination of an individual or a group of individuals. n n tt Sense and Sentiment YOU may argue, if you please, that Gandhi's "death or victory’ slogan when he began his fast was a sentimental gesture—that even if he died he had proved nothing. But this argument is raised by those who believe that if you kill somebody else you have hammered home the justice and the logic of your cause. Gandhi chose the better way. He proved not only ’ his sincerity, but his determination. Whether it is reasonable or not, the world has ample proof that w'hen a man dies for an idea that idea will live on. If Gandhi had called upon his followers to take up arms and meet the forces of the British government in the field it is possible that the English troops might have had a difficult time of it, although, with their inferior equipment, it is hard to see how' the Indians could have prevailed. But in any case the issue would have beccme obscured beneath the battle smoke. At the end of a fewmajor engagements, hardly a man on either side would have known just what he was fighting about. It is very hard to carry on an argument when the' guns begin to shoot. tt tt Kept Them to the Point BUT Gandhi managed to concentrate the eyes of all India upon the case in point, and nothing but the case, by centralizing the struggle within his own frail body. Sixty-three years of age and weighing eighty-four pounds, Gandhi pitted that eighty-four pounds against the might and majesty of the British Empire. The might and majesty of one undaunted human spirit prevailed. It always will.

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

likely to be asked for money on his birthday; he is likely to be asked for a donation to commemorate the life of his favorite relations. He is provide with occasions that will put him into a genial humor and then solicited for his contributions while in a "giving” mood. It is somewhat similar to the type of study the scientists are now making of the germ of tuberculosis. They are looking into the natural history of this extraordinary bug. They are taking it apart and studying it chemicalty. They are finding out what it Twill do under various circumstances and in various environments. They are breeding it into numerous generations and they are studying the effects on these various generations of different types of diet and air and similar conditions. They are studying not only the effects of the germ as a whole, but the effects of its protein, its fat and its sugars. Obviously this type of study must yield information of great value in controlling the grow'th and develop-

One man with a trtie concern is worth an army ,of a million. A few standing shoulder to shoulder can hold the pass. The function of the fighter who trusts to spear or gun ends with his death. Knock him down and the path is clear. But the British government finally did have the sense to realize that Gandhi dead still would go marching on in the newly kindled passion for his cause. And what he succeeded in doing need not be an isolated episode attributed to the peculiar psychology of the east. In some respects his task was harder than if he had been a leader in England, America or Germany. After all, we have means of close communication with a multitude which were not available to him. He could not, for instance, talk to his countrymen over a coast-to-coast radio network or be syndicated through vast chains of newspapers. The matter was more arduous, and yet there seems to have been not the least doubt in even the most remote portions of India as to what Gandhi stood for and why* a o a What Is the Joke ? TO me one of the strangest things in the whole magnificent saga has been the attitude of most Americans. It hasn’t been hostile so much as amused. We have had Gandhi ditties, Gandhi radoi jokes and vaudeville gags. He has been the cartoonist’s delight. But why is jt funny? When a man sits down and says, "Here I will remain and fast for the sake of the

T ?sQ£ Y 0 ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

ST. QUENTIN REGAINED October 1 ON Oct. 1, 1918, French' troops entered St. Quentin and extended their lines east of the city. The Germans were driven from the Aisne hills northwest of Rheims. The British engaged in heavy fighting all, along the Cambrai-St. Quentin sector, taking the northern and western suburbs cf Cambrai. Belgians cleared Roulers of foes. Americans advanced in the AisneMeuse sector and repulsed German counter-attacks near Cierges and at Apremont. Germany prepared to evacuate Belgium. The British, aided by Arabs, took Damascus,

**rtstered O. • \3 1 PfttCßt Offle* RIPLEY

ment of the germ in relationship to human disease. The next step has been to determine the way in which the germ gets into the body, and then what happens to it after it is in the human body. Once in the tissue of the lung, the germ produces definite changes. It has been found that its growth and the progress of these changes can be prevented by various procedures which will put the lung at rest. These procedures involve not only actual rest of the entire individual in bed, but specific rest of the lung brought about by the weight of sandbags applied to various portions of the body, and the use of pulmothorax, which is the injection of air around the lung, forcing it to collapse. They involve also the use of various surgical procedures, which bring about a complete and permanent collapse of the diseased lung, and finally the cutting of nerves which control the movements of the diaphragm and thereby bring about the rest of the lung.

pv HEYWOOD 151 BROUN

liberties of my people,” I can not see the joke at all. At least, I can not see Gandhi as the butt of it. The joke is on us, who go about our way saying that this or that should be done, but never having the stamina or the courage to pit our will against forces w-hich oppress us. Rossibly we are growing a little blase about starvation. I do not know that Gandhi’s equivalent is among us, but if he rises up I prophesy that here, among the hardheads and the rational, he will sweep on to triumph. That sort of determination is triple-armored and can not be swept aside by any irrelevancy or violence. (Copyright, 1932, by The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Recently a commentator reviewed an article by Bruce Barton on “Don’t Change Horses” in one of your city's papers and made Lincoln’s re-election the major reason for not changing now. Second, that Roosevelt should not appeal to the people. It's "class appeal.” There is no comparison between Hoover and Lincoln in time or circumstances. In 1864 few Democrats were in congress and the south was under martial law. However, Lincoln believed in change.' Many times he changed generals over night. Many Democrat generals were promoted, chief among them Grant, a life-long Democrat and four years later nominated and elected by G. O. P. Suppose Washington had said “let King George go on, he is on the job, the tax question is important.” Have we a tax question today? France changes government frequently if needed. England does likewise. Why should we not change after a decade of mistakes, broken promises and great poverty everywhere, except at the top? There must be a change. • What can Roosevelt do, but appeal to the people? Hoover says "they need more instruction.”' Roosevelt assumes they know and have felt the results of misrule. The commentator thought there might be abler Democrats. We grant there are many able Democrats. Are there no other abler G. O. P. leaders? Roosevelt was the desired choice in convention. Give him a sympathetic congress and he will obtain results. \ "Give Hoover four years more?” Why, when Hoover says many times in his acceptance essay, “I will continue and maintain, this and that? ils that what the people want? Do

Ideals and opinions expressed In this column are those ol one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor. *

OCT. 1, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Cave Dwellers’ Remains Are Found in Ozark Hills of A rka nsas. REMAINS of an ancient cavedwelling population have been found in the Ozark hills of northern Arkansas by Winslow M Walker. archeologist of the Smithsonian institution. To date, it has been impossible to identify these ancient cave-dwell-ers with any of the known Indian tribes. In the largest of the caverns. Walker found ten burials, the bones,, probably representing twelve persons. "Six were very young children and infants,” Walker reports. "The bones of a dog were found near one of the child burials in a position which indicated careful interment. with the forelegs crossed over the hind legs. •• “This is interpreted as indicating, that among this primitive people the dog was kept as a pet, especially as no fragments of burned or broken dog bones were found in the refuse heaps. • Draped around the face and body of one tiny infant was a necklace made of about 600 fresh-water snail shells. "Besides the children, there were two men. a woman and an adolescent. boy. All were buried in a flexed position, except one man, whose bones evidently had been tied in a bundle and dropped into a hole, where they were found partly resting on the flexed skeleton of the woman." a tt a Weapons and Tools FRAGMENTS of a crude, undecorated pottery were found in the graves. There aLso were weapons, tools, and ornaments made of stone, flint, bone and shell. "There were no traces of wooden objects or textiles of any kind,” Walker reports, "but spear and javelin heads, knives, drills and scrapers were numerous, all made from native flint |nd showing rather crude workmanship. There were hammers and grinders made of water-worn stones, with little artificial shaping. "Mussel shells used as spoons were found inside box-turtle shells, which had been scraped out to serve as bowls. "The most unusual object found was part of an antler tip notched near the end which was part of an 'atlatl’ or throwingstick used for hurling darts. This is a more primitive weapon than the bow and arrow. “Nearly three W'eeks was required to clear this cavern of the ash, charcoal, and dirt which in some places had accumulated to a depth of five feet. The burials were scattered from front to back of the cave and ranged in depth from 10 to 32 inches. "Following this discovery curious examples of ‘rock drawing’ in the same region were studied. Whether these W'ere made by the cave dwellers can not be determined. a a tt Carvings Found AT two localities Walker found pictures and symbols carved on the rock. At a third site, he found pictures painted with red ochre. "Humans, snakes, tracks, sun, moon, stars and unrecognizable forms, were depicted,” Walker says. "Pottery, flint, and bone fragments in a pile of ashes and refuse under the rock shelter indicate strongly that these figures were the work of Indians. "Some curious rocks bearing carvings were found in a field several miles aw'ay. There were thirtythree of these rocks, with only their flat surfaces exposed at the level of the ground. On these surfaces were inscribed geometrical jfigures—circles, combinations of circles and dots within circles. "Time and weather so nearly had obliterated the carvings that it was necessary to dust fine sand into them to bring them out clearly. In addition to purely geometric designs, there were realistic repre-" sentations of human hand and footprints and of tracks of animals. “They probably were made with a ceremonial purpose and may constitute the records of clan or tribal gatherings. “Carvings also were found on the walls of an enormous sandstone cave. They were carved into the soft rock as deep as half an inch in some places. "There were realistic figures of men and turtles, birds and other animals, some geometric figures of diamonds, straight bars and disks and—most suggestive of all—numerous representations of conventionalized human beings and an animal strongly suggesting a horse.”

farmers and twelve million unemployed want more of it? The change is at least eight years overdue. But a start has been made. Mellon in England. A Democratic house. Mellon, the head of prohibition, left it untouched and the nation two billion in the red. He is absent, but his influence remains. Do voters want more of it? G. O. P. spellbinders say “four months will elapse before anew leader may assume charge,' 1 and v in the same, breath say “we have now stopped the panic before the worst winter in history comes upon us.” Think that over, and remember thirteen months passed before the present congress turned a wheel toward correcting the situation. Hoover wanted to rule without congress, and did put the unpardonable moratorium over. If the proposed change had been made four years ago, would we have the Insull debacle? Thousands in our state soon will feel the effects of the Insull bubble. Three Governors and the state commission have given him almost a free hand. Think of thousands of utility users who have been pleading for lower rates while their cash was pouring into this bubble. That concern alone took more than the average family taxes from its users, over and above what it should have charged. Yet a few standpatters cry “don t change horses. ’ All great nations nave changed, some over night. Shall the people go from bad to < worse, after ten years of continued rule, with the same leaders who promise to “continue as is?” • X. Y. Z. When is absolute zero in temperature reached? / When molecules of matter have no motion.