Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 119, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 September 1932 — Page 4

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Cutting Taxes Two forces are fighting hard to compel a reduction of taxes in this city to the limit of $1.50 a hundred fixed by the legislature. One o! these is composed of large property owners who wish to escape taxation. The other are the political enemies of Mayor Sullivan who wish to discredit his administration in order that they may get back into office. What the property owners who are fighting to establish the low arbitrary limit overlook is that the legislature also passed an income tax law to distribute the burden, but that it was killed. It is most obvious that an enforcement of the low tax limit would destroy all organized government in this city, county and state. The huge burden of interest on debts, incurred during the days of Coffinism, takes almost all the money that could be raised by such a levy. The city government of Indianapolis is called upon to render services that are not given in smaller communities. The great city hospital cares for the sick. That institution relieves misery of the poor. It is absolutely essential unless the people take the attitude that the poor must die if they can not pay for their own doctors. The city has maintained clinics to care for the health of children. It has furnished, at an incredibly low cost, dental service for children. The city has a prenatal service for mothers that is dedicated to healthier children and a healthier race. Even after the fight made by lyfayor Sullivan for reduction of rates for water and electricity, in which he saved the taxpayers many thousands, the charge for water and lights would absorb all the money available for city government after interest on bonds is paid. So, in the end, the question which will be decided by the new board created to review the work of elected officials is whether organized government will continue. A situation may develop where there will be nomoney to carry on. There may be such tax delinquencies that there will be no money to pay any salaries or wages, no matter at what point they are fixed. The tax strike advocated by some real estate leaders would make this certain. But until that time comes, it may be well to remember that the city administration has made a notable record for economy, in strong contrast to the waste and extravagance that ruled under Coffinism. So far, there has been no deflation in public seryice. The departments of health and sanitation have been maintained, more necessary now than in days of prosperity. The recreation system has offered and' must offer escape for those who have no other means, of amusement. The health of children has been protected. The one passible reduction is a heavier slash in wages of all public employes. The wage has already been cut. But even If the wages were cut in half for all teachers, firemen and policemen, a dangerous proceeding in times, the saving in taxes would not bring the levy within the law. The final decision is whether the standards pf communal life shall be deflated. Shall the health, the sanity, the welfare of the people be discarded for the sake of saving dollars? Have we reached the point where dollars are more important than human life? The Wisconsin Challenge Stalin and the Muscovites have received plenty of good news from the United States in the last few years; but perhaps nothing else should be quite as sweet music to their eers as the results of the recent Wisconsin Republican primaries. The La Follette rule in Wisconsin, running over s generation, has been the best and most persistent example of liberal democracy in operation in the history *of the United States. It has developed a noble tradition and produced extensive and creditable achievements. It even met the great crisis imposed by the current depression. Yet the people seemed to have walked out on this liberal regime and invited the plutocrats and patrioteers to march in and take over the government. It would be difficult to conceive of a better ex- ‘ ample of liberalism in action than the La Follette system of the last thirty-two years. It started with reforms designed to break up boss rule and put the people in control of the political machinery of their state. ’ Then came railroad regulation, a movement which the senior La Follette carried to Washington and helped to realize on a national scale. This has evolved into a fair but firm supervision of all public utilities. Labor has been given a square deal in legislation. There has been an effort to work toward more equitable taxation, which would place the burden on the rich in proportion to their capacity to pay. In the administration of the present Governor, he was given authority to levy a general property tax when the state balances fell below $2,000,000. Yet the La Follette taxation plan did not actually go so far as real capacity to pay. It merely was a robust step in the right direction. Another commendable item was enactment of unemployment insurance. If there is any single social policy which the experience of Europe and the United State in the last four years has vindicated, it is the wisdom and necessity of unemployment insurance. The Wisconsin law was a very mild enactment of this point. Governor La Follette has stood shoulder to shoulder with President Glenn Frank in working for liberal ajid experimental education at the University of Wisconsin. The same men and forces which fought La Follette In the primaries have been after Dr. Frank's scalp. Moreover, the La Follette rule alwavs has meant decent respect for civil liberties and the Bill of Rights. It never has been thought necessary to sacrifice freedom and constitutional rights to gain social justice. Yet. withal, the La Follette rule has embodied only a moderate and limited application of modernised liberalism. Both advanced liberal theory and sane practice might have dictated much more vigorous measures. If capitalism could hold the line back of La Follette ramparts, it might dance with frenzied joy. It would be the minimum defense against that Socialism and Communism of which Chappie charged La Follette, with silly abandon. Moreover, the success of such campaign methods as were used by Kohler and Chappie are a striking indictment of political democracy. If any electorate has been trained in democratic methods, & is the Wisconsin public, but it seems to have capitulated

The Indianapolis Times (A SCR IPPB-HO WARD NEWSPAPER) OwnM and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 Went Maryland Street. Indlanapolia, Ind. Price In Marion County 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—dellrered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail aubsertptlon rate* in Indiana. $3 a" year: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. - - - —■ * BOi'D (iURLEI. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—RI ley SMil __ ' TUESDAY. SEPT. 27. 1933 Member of United Presa. Scrlppi-Howard New*.papor Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulatlona. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

. i to an unusually cheap brand of demagogery and claptrap. Kohler, an admitted spokesman of the plutocrats, traveled about in a cheap car and feigned democracy. Chappie, a singularly obsessed and irresponsible patrioteer, who has been lecturing about the country making a fervent appeal to the bourbons to muzzle all men with civilised views, descended to even lower depths. He traveled in a rundown car and camped out at night to convince the voters that he was a man of the people. The whole episode Is ominous, not only for Wisconsin and the United States, but also for capitalistic society. f It is to be hoped that a Democratic victory in Wisconsin will intervene to prove that democracy and liberalism are not wholly discredited and abandoned. \. • Killing More Trade Today the United States tariff commission begins hearings designed to kill more of our foreign trade. Again, Russia is to be the goat. It is alleged that importation of Russian asbestos violates the “unfair practice” clause of the Smoot-Hawley act. The allegation seems rather far-fetched, in view of the fact that such Russian Imports during the last year amounted to less than 2 per cent of the total. In any event, such a small amount of trade is not important in itself, either for this country or for Russia. But this case is important as a part of the large movement for destruction of Russian-American trade at a time when our factory owners and unemployed workers by the millions must look to revival of foreign trade as the way out of their suffering. Before asbestos, the embargo hounds were hot against Russian pulpwood and manganese. They charged dumping and forced labor. But their case was so weak that even the anti-Russian officials of the United States treasury department ruled against them. Even though these efforts to erect legal barriers against Russian products fail nominally’ in the future as in the past, they succeed to the degree that they make trade conditions unsettled and difficult. Certainly Russia can not and will not buy in this country unless we give her fair credit terms and unless we of her products in exchange. There is no risk for us on either score. Russia is the one country during the last decade in which all foreign bills have been paid, according to a recent statement in the British parliament. And in the matter of exchange of goods, the trade balance is heavily in favor—s3so,ooo,ooo during the last five years. The drop in our sales to Russia since 1930 has been 88 per cent, while our British, German and Italian competitors have increased their business with Russia 72 per cent. If the administration wants to improve business, here Is one place it can begin at once. \ - - - Sell the Wheat China’s starvinsr ’people will benefit.’and probably American farmers, too, if the federal government goes through with the proposal to finance the sale of 15,000,000 bushels of wheat to that country. First sale from the farm board’s “stabilization!’ stocks several weeks ago was pitifully small, in the face of China’s needs, but it served to demonstrate that satisfying the Orient'sneeds also furnishes a good outlet for some of the enormous surplus of wheat that piled up in private as well as public elevators. Why more was not sold by the board to China is somewhat obscure. This new deal apparently., involves wheat held by the board’s co-operatives, the stabilization corporation’s stock of cash grain having fallen to about 3,000,000 bushels. This corporation might have enough in futures contracts to negotiate the 15,000,000 bushels sale, although its exact'futures holdings seem to be a secret now. But, whoever is the seller, it Is fortunate that the federal government is acting again to help move some of the wheat surplus out of this country. Mrs. Hoover is pictured operating a sewing machine. A stitch in time saves nine votes. Anyway, the romance between Marilyn Miller and Don Alvarado took our minds off Jean Harlow. Consider Gandhi. It is not always necessary to have fine clothes to teach a lasting lesson. * 4 Perhaps the man who can avoid paying an income tax should be drafted as an expert on the immigration law.

Just Every Day Sense

By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

IT is interesting to ponder upon what would be the robable state of mind of married men if Peter, Arno’s Aenaissance of Romance should occur. tFor Arno says hat romance will return only when we j accept te truth that occasioal extra-marital betrayal | does not mean tragic betrayal. He thinks, moreover, that American women exhibit j a childish vanity' when they resent it, and show a lack of self-confidence and sophistication. Arno, perhaps, is correct in his diognosis of our attitude to the philandering husband. But let us suppose that every wife took his advice. The men would be upset dreadfully. I can imag- j ine nothing that would so confound the husbands or sweep from under their feet the moorings of complacency. A dose of complete indifference from the “wronged wife” might halt their strayings, but it would destroy j their belief in thPmselves. And that would be a pity. . am* INDEED, such program tfould take away most of the zest of life for men. They don’t, as a general thing, care two whoops for the ladies they pursue, but they do get a tremendous kick out of feeling they are skillful in pulling the wool over the wife’s eyes. Most of the clandestine affairs that go on these days, I am convinced, are not the result of naughtiness. but of boredom. A man feels his life slipping away and secs himself forever as a sort of domestice appendange—Mrs. Smith's husband—and so any trifling departure from the ordinary routine offers him a thrill. Men seldom prefer their sweethearts to their wives. They would be appalled at the idea of having to marry their Dulcineas. But they do obtain a pleasurable excitement from the thought that they possess the makings of a Don Juan. The Casanova complex, I have no doubt, lies at the bottom ol every male heart. And the life of the average man is dull—deadly dull. And so these puerile affairs, these shoddy romances, these foolish flirtations, even those magnificent romances that result in divorce and broken homes, merely are weak flights ..from reality—attempted escapes from the killing l iponotony of life amid machines.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

Says:

Some Things Are Beyond the Pale of Anthmetic; We Can’t Put Charity, Charac- ' ter and Art in Figures. NEW YORK, Sept. 27—Figures r,lwavs'have been easy for me. I never had to be taught the simpler processes of arithmetic. At the age of 6. I was able to do problems in complex fractions, or partial payments without much difficulty, though by methods all my own. I do not know how. or when, the faculty originated. Some of my elders regarded it as a gift from Providence. Maybe, they were right. “The boy has a great head.” they I would say, and, because of their misguided chatter, I began to feel the same way about it. One day I saw an idiot add up the numbers of the cars of a freight train as it went rushing by. That was a terrible shock. Some years later, I saw a gum-chewing girl add up a column of figures ten feet long by.punching keys on a little machine, and that was worse. It was a crushing disappointment Ito discover that arithmetic was purely mechanical and had no intellectual significance. u n n Folly in Figures I THINK the civilized world, and particularly the business side of it, is suffering from a similar disillusionment. People are beginning to realize that figures don’t and can’t tell the whole story. As might be expected, it leaves them rather breathless. They had been quite throughly sold on the idea that figures don’t lie. Figures don’t lie when confined to their proper sphere, which is inorganic matter, but they are wholly unreliable when applied to life. Think of attempting to rate the work, or influence, of a Shakespeare in figures. Yet fools have tried it, or something equally preposterous. Not only that, but they have convinced myriads of people that the thing could be done. Charity by Statistics THIS is a world of tables and statistics, with skyscrapers standing for progress and charity measured by the number of free meals. That is not its least affliction. Statesmen, financiers, philosophers, and common folk are trying to state every sort of value in figures. It can t be done. There are things beyond the pale of arithmetic—art, imagination, character. Some people describe these things are imponderable. Napoleon, who was about as coldblooded a mathematician as the world ever produced, said that the imponderables were all-important even in war. * u Wealth on Paper f I ''HE late season of prosperity which deceived us so completely was a product of figures—so much wealth here, so much there, and so much somewhere else, but with little to show for it, except on the ledger. And nqw we are trying to fathom the depths of this depression with more figures, just as though they could reveal ’ the queer emotions it has stirred, or relieve the inner misery. We actually are trying to rate human happiness in dollars, trying to find out just how much we have lost by counting the bankroll and how much cash we must put up to buy it back. We seem to have forgotten that some people found it possible to be ,happy before a mint was established, or an adding machine devised. Convenient as statistics may be, we can not hope to acquire some of the essentials simply by counting noses. Money has come to be a necessity, but not because of its intrinsic value. What makes money worth while is the things that can be done with it. To an alarming extent, we are disregarding those things while we count the gold. To an alarming extent, we are mistaking the symbol for what it symbolizes.

Questions and Answers

Please give the locations of the most ancient cities of which there are any records and name the most ancient one that still exists. Archeologists believe that the earliest cities were built by the Sumerians in the Tigris-Eupharates valley, possibly as early as 4,500 B. C. Some of these old sites have been excavated. Damascus is believed to be the oldest city that has existed continuously. On what continents were horses indigenous? It is thought now that the evolution and development of the horse occurred in the central plains of North America. What is the meaning of the name “Betty": It is a nickname for Elizabeth and means “God is her oath.” ■* Have the giant redwood trees of California been injuerd by cutting archways through the trunks large enough for the passage of an automobile? No. They are able to live and grow.

m TODAY ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

BULGARIA ASKS PEACE Sept. 27

ON Sept. 27, 1918, Bulgaria made overtures for peace with the allies, asking for a 48-hour truce in which to make terms. In reply. Great Britain cilled for unequivocal submission. West of Verdun, the American troops continued theil* savage advance, while French troops, east oi Rheims, experienced success in gaining five miles in two days’ fighting. British, in the Cambrai sector, advanced on a 14-mile frent. German forces of occupation began to retire, from Rumania. British cavalry in Asia Minor drove Turks northward through Meezeris and joined with the Arab forces of the king of Hedjaz.

, i

Hair Elimination May Be Dangerous

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of (he American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. W'HEN women get superfluous hair on parts of the body where hair ordinarily should not develop, they are likely to become exceedingly unhappy about it. Frequently they resort to all sorts of dangerous methods to get rid of the hair and try all sorts of schemes, that have no effect, for the same purpose. The condition is not unusual. Every sideshow in a circus has the dog-faced boy and the bearded woman. There are, of course, cases on record of human beings who have had thick growths of hair at the base

IT SEEMS TO ME

MR. HOOVER’S cohorts are expressing keen delight about the election returns in Wisconsin. This is hardly a time when anybody should grudge Republicans whatever crumbs of comfort they may derive from the current political situation. And yet, as an impartial observer of the 1932 race, I must protest that the primary scarcely spells a vindication for the great engineer. If liberals deserted La Follette In his hour of need, they did so largely because of their belief that no hope longer existed in the party to which he gave astensible allegiance. It is salutary that the progressive machine in the state went down to defeat. The fiction of the label was becoming a little too preposterous. Young Bob, the senator, and his brother Phil, the Governor, are no more Republicans than I am, and it is an excellent idea that the w'hole organization should be compelled to run up its true colors. ana A Failure to Be Logical WHETHER these insurgents will turn to the Socialist or the Democrats I do not know. In all logic their adherence ought rightfully to be to Norman Thomas, but in American politics much does not go by logic. The conquered Republicans may turn out all Democrats over night. But in any case the crushing defeat administered to the La Follette faction is hardly liftsly to profit President Hoover much in the long run. A gentleman who has proved himself an expert in the matter of collecting hatreds has merely discovered a complete new set to add to his album. And these scourged liberals of the Badger state are a mean lot when aroused. They are set to pay back at the polls the punishment which was visited upon them. a y a a Hints From Chicago THE result hardly should be set down as a complete surprise. In the Chicago convention the lib-

Roosevelt and Garner What do you know about the lives and achievements* of the men the Democratic party is offering as its candidates for President and Vice-President? Much as you have read and heard about these men, there are undoubtedly a lot of facts about them you would like to verify; some you have forgotten; other facts you may not know. Our W’ashington Bureau has published as the second of a series of bulletins on the party candidates, anew bulletin giving biographical facts about the lives and careers of Frajiklin D. Roosevelt and John N. Garner. You will want this bulletin for reference purposes. Fill out the coupon and send for it. - ' COUPON HERE Dept. 198, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue. Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin BIOGRAPHIES OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY CANDIDATES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs; NAME \ , v". •. A _ . \ , STREET AND NUMBER ■ \ CITY STATE I apj a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

The Forgotten Man!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

of the spine resembling an animal’s tail. ' The girl who has a mustache gives it constant concern and tries to discount it by bleaching and by many similar methods. There seems to be no doubt that the growth of hair is associated with glandular conditions, since such excessive growths are likely to appear in women jusjt after they have passed through adolescence or after they have passed the change of life. Dr. Agnes Savill recognizes that the glands and their action may be at the basis of such excessive growths of hair, but also points out that it is extremely difficult to find just which gland may be responsible

eral group failed to won majority representation. Indeed, one of the most interesting speeches in a dull week was that delivered by a Madisqn judge who commented upon the fact that the state had turned straight once again. He mentioned the manner in which the Wisconsin delegation for many years invariably brought hi a minority platform, which was duly voted dow'n by the assembled postmasters. It was the proud boast of the speaker that down payments were to be made for every indignity visited upon the stahvarts by men whom he termed “renegade Republicans.” But though the people afflicted with the La Follette idea may be at the moment a minority faction in the Republican ranks they are for all that well organized and compact. a a a They Might Change Sides AT the slightest signal from their defeated leader they will march in bulk over to the enemy’s trenches with all flags flying. Herbert Hoover has gained no new friends; he simply has established the validity of one more revolt. One of the most interesting features of the Wisconsin battle was the triumph of‘John B. Chappie in his contest against Senator Blaine. I think it is highly unlikely that young Mr. Chappie is actually on his way to Washington. He is likely to find the judgments which operate in rfn election of much sterner stuff than those which prevail in a primary. And yet if Mr. Chappie goes down to defeat in November, the state will suffer in some respects and also the nation, not to mention certain writers of columnar comment. If Mr. Chappie fails, we have all lost a talking point. Whatever the prophecies, he is still in the running and if elected John B. Chappie will stand revealed as the silliest of all the senators. I am aware that this is a large order, but I have both read and listened to the speeches of Mr. Chappie. No man now prominent

or to treat the condition on the basis of such an ill-defined cause. There is no evidence that the use of face creams will provoke the growth of hair. There is no reason to believe that exposure to wind and sunshine is responsible. Since the fashion for exceedingly light stockings came into vogue, women also have become especially sensitive about growths of hair on the legs. • # There are some who .have felt that the exposure of the leg increased the growth of hair, but some of the worst cases of excessive hair on the legs that are known have occurred in women who never have exposed the bare skin to wind or sun. In his next article. Hr. Fishbein will discu.s treatment of superfluous hair. 1

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

in public life can match him in the creation of pure nonsense. He has played a formula for more than two years. The premise on which he began was the assumption that the University of Wisconsin had gone completely Communist. a a a Supports Old Moralities POSSIBLY there were a few bold spirits in the university who were prepared to do their protesting by voting for Norman Thomas. But the mere matter of the comparative vote never has been accepted as a complete characterizer by any one. Mr. Chappie's fight with Glenn Frank and the other authorities in Madison had only a passing political tie-up. Mr. Chappie's chief objective in campaigning was to'restore into respect Whistler’s mother and other old ladies of her age. Dancing, free love, and free speech are all upon his blacklist. He ran upon a platform of support for the ancient moralities. Mr. Hoover’s position is pretty much the same. I do not think the alliance will profit either very much. Mr. Hoover and Mr. Chappie lined up side by side merely present a slightly wider target for those who would use their ballots as if they were brickbats. The easiest thing next to beating a Hoover is to beat two Hooveft,. (Copyright. 1932. by The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Two Sundays ago at 4 o'clock I heard an Indianapolis man speak through the radio about the depression. He said two women were found asleep at night in University park with only newspapers for covering and men have been sleeping in Military park at night. It seems a shame these things are happening and . winter coming on. Can’t the city take over an unused building. Tomlinson hall, so they at least cart have a shelter at night, or the churches should let them sleep on the benches for humanity's sake. \ I understand the Negro churches take care of their people and have a fund for that purpose, and it seems that white people should not have to go through this. Won’t someone start a movement to relieve this condition, as it looks as if there is going to be much suffering this winter. MRS. G. DALY. What is the world court? The permanent court of international justice, accessory to the League of Nations, and established in accordance with article 14 of the league. For how long waa A1 Capone sentenced to serve in prison and how much was he fined? His sentence was for eleven years and his fine is $50,000. Are President Hoover and Governor Roosevelt Masons? Hoover is not; Governor Roosevelt is. How old is Billy Burke, actress and widow of Florenz Ziegfeld? Forty-seven. When did Coxey’s army of unemployed arrive in Washington, D. C.? May 2, 1894. What is biology? The science that deals with ifcatter in the living state.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting: writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

SEPT. 27, 1932

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ.

Integraph Is New Machine That Will Simplify Teaching of Calculus. A MECHANICAL device which does for calculus what the slide rule and the adding machine do for ordinary arithmetical calculations has been developed by a Cleveland engineer, John M. Barr. Barr, formerly manager of the industrial motor department of the Westmghcuse Electric and Manufacturing Company, now is president of the Integraph Company of | Cleveland. He calls his device for mechanizing the calculus," the in- | tegraph. The integraph just has been adopted by Cleveland college, the downtown branch of Western Reserve university, and a course in its use is being taught there this semester by Dr. Charles W. Coppersmith, associate professor cf engineering drawing at Case School of Applied Science. Cleveland college operates in affiliation with Case school. A slide rule is a source of boundless amazement to the student who sees one for the first time. Having learned to multiply and divide in the usual manner, he is surprised to find that the process can be.done in a fraction of the usual manner merely by sliding one graduated ruler within another and reading off the answer on the graduations. MOM Use of Machines THE adding machine is becoming so familiar that the amazement which greeted its first introduction into the business world is being forgotten. Today, the adding machine, or more exactly, the calculating machine, for present-day machines also wil subtract, multiply, divide extract square root, and so on, are being used in all scientific laboratories. They have supplanted to a large extent, both the use of logarithms and the slide rule. These calculating machines are also in general use by statisticians in banks, insurance companies, and so on. From time to time, scientists have developed specialized calculating machines of great complexity for specialized purposes. Among these are the harmonic wave analyzers, such as the tidepredicting machine of the United j States coast and geodetic survey, I and the machine developed by Dr. | Dayton C. Miller for analyzing j sound waves. Complex machines recently have | been developed by Dr. A. F. Douglas of the University of Arizona and Dr. C. G. Abbot, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, for analysis of sunspot cycles. The integraph developed by Barr is not a complicated piece of apparatus. It consists of two celluloid instruments on the general order of the celluloid triangles used by draftsmen and architects. One instrument performs the process' known in calculus as integration. The other is used in combination with the first one, to perform the process known as differentiation. It is a little difficult to explain the importance of thesfc instruments to the layman not familiar with the basic notions of calculus. Their usefulness, however, will be apparent at once to engineers w'ho have to use the methods of calculus* daily in their work. tt n u Simplifies Teaching THE integraph permits of socalled graphic solutions of mathematical problems. That is, the data to be studied is reduced to a curve which is then drawn or ‘‘plotted" as the mathematicians say, on ruled paper. The integraph then is applied (o this curve in such ways that additional curves are obtained. Pointe along these additional curves represent, when translated back into numerical data, the solution for which the engineers are seeking. Barr believes that the integraph is not only a useful tool for engineers, but that it simplifies teaching of calculus to students. "It is a well-known fact that a majority of students find calculus very difficult.” Barr says. "Many students come out of their course in calculus with inferiority complexes. "The integraph, by making the subject graphic, permits the student to visualize the mechanics of calculus and so gives him a better grasp of the fundamentals of the subject. "The idea that calculus could be reduced to mechanical methods really started w r ith Leibnitz, the great German mathematician and contemporary of Isaac Newton, w-ho was one of the inventors of calculus. He developed the notion that mathematics was simply a species of geerings. He . developed certain geerings which are still used today in some calculating machines. "Viewed from this viewpoint, integration is the result of the accumulation of certain geerings, w'hile differentiation is the establishment of the geer ratio.”

Daily Thoughts

Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is not work, nor device, nor knowledge. nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest.—Ecclesiastes 9:10. Unless we put heart and soul into our labor, we but brutify our actions.—H. W. Shaw.

Your Questions Answered You can get an answer to any answerable question of fact or information by writing to Frederick M. Kerby. Question Editor, Indianapolis Times Washington Bureau, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, enclosing 3 cents in coin or postage stamps for reply Medical and legal advice can not be given, nor can extended research be made. All other questions will receive a personal reply. , All letters are confidential. You are cordially invited to make use of this free service as often as you please. Let our Washington Bureau help with your problems.