Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 112, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 September 1932 — Page 4

PAGE 4

/ t * I PP J -M OW AMD

Community Amusement That the county officials are seriously thinking of borrowing a million dollars from the government to continue the relief for the needy during next winter should direct attention to some plan for providing things that can be given without money. It is now apparent that the community, either by private charity or taxation, must provide food, clothing and shelter for a larger number of families this year than were on the lists a year ago. That means that many men and women will be without- work and with nothing but time on their hands. That means that there will be as great a need for entertainment as there is for food. The mind never stops. It needs some escape from worry in hard times. Its appetite is constant and imperative. The idle human being must find some way to occupy his, mind or he goes jittering. Night schools are not at present on the schedule of the school authorities. The necessity for economy hit these schools first. They ordinarily provide a most admirable form of mental occupation for about 3,000 each year. This winter, if they can be kept open by volunteer methods, that number can be doubled. But this is but a small part. The neighborhoods must be organized for community enterprises and entertainments. We must go back to the old days when human beings found it possible to entertain themselves without spending money. Recent inventions and complex conditions of city life have built up the tradition that it is necessary to spend money to be amused. The change is of doubtful value. It can be reversed. Every neighborhood should have a community center, preferably in a school house, where neighbors will again be neighbors and where the vast numbers who are being isolated from industry can belong to something. The depression might be worth while if it resulted in creating a surplus of neighborly sentiment. In the end, co-operative methods of amusement might lead to better industrial fundamentals.

Dangers of Bellhop Government One of the dogmas of democracy has been that the people would take great pains in selecting their rulers. Hence democracy would insure the presence of able men in public places. This hardly has worked out in practice. Every conspicuously able man we have had in the presidency since the coming of universal suffrage—Lincoln, Cleveland, Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson—has been the product of a fluke, an assassination, or an abnormal political setup. Just how one would account for Taft in this manner might be obscure at first, but Taft never would have reached the presidency except for Roosevelt,- and Roosevelt was elevated by McKinley’s assassination. Roosevelt’s nomination for the vice-presidency in 1900 was opposed bitterly by the Republican machine. There can be little doubt that the equality of our public officers has declined in direct proportion to the growing difficulty of the problems with which they have to deal. One might have no desire to indulge in the conventional unthinking eulogy of the “fathers,” yet it would be risky to suggest that the caliber of our officials today matches that of those from 1789 to 1828. We were saved for some generations by developments which made it less necessary that we should have extremely capable men in public office. Beginning with the slavocracy before the Civil war, the great economic interests took over the actual task of controlling American society. Industry and finance were the main circus and government the sideshow. The chief thing required of a public official was docility—the willingness to take and execute orders without delay or complaint. Government became the “bellhop" service of the interests. Men of great personal ability, real dignity, wide leaniing, and independence of character were not wanted in public life. They invariably would not take orders with servility and execute them with fidelity. This explains in part why the firm of J. P. Morgan engaged John W. Davis as the firm attorney to handle its difficult legal cases, but was enthusiastically behind Calvin Coolidge for the presidency in 1924, and why the Republican party never has had enthusiasm for its chief intellectual ornament —and a great administrator—Nicholas Murray Butler. The democratic illusion helped us to operate the “bellhop" system successfully for years. The interests ran the country while the people were kept contented by means of the fiction that they really were controlling matters through their elected representatives. But the depression has changed all this. The interests no longer can run their own plants. Business and finance have become the sideshow and govern*ment the circus. Os course, this has not all come about since 1929. It began with the first interstate commerce act, two generations back. The government slowly has been penetrating business and finance, especially since the federal reserve act. Bufc the great invasion of business by government has come with the general economic collapse since 1929. The government has been put into large scale banking by federgl reserve banks, federal farm loan banks, and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. It has gone into farming with a vengeance through the federal farm board and federal loans to farmers. • If some of the great railroads whose debts have been shifted to Uncle Sam by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation fail to get out of the red, the government may have to operate railroads. It will have to step into the soft coal mining industry if this is to be savec! from collapse. It is getting into the engineering and construction business on a large scale. It is not necessary to argue about what the government ought to do. It will suffice to show what it already is doing. If it fails in its new and gigantic responsibilities, western society under capitalism is done for. World civtization hangs in the balance on the outcome of the efforts of the men now in political office. It is no time for the dodos who- could be tolerated when government merely was an expensive luxury, utilized mainly for kidding the people. It is high time for us to ditch the “bellhop” notions and practices and put some men into public office who measure up at least knee high to their problems and responsibilities. How Times Do Change The world, which has always been somewhat cockeyed, more and more resembles Alice through the Looking Glass Land. Andrew Mellon’s companies are recognizing Soviet 1 Russia by trading aluminum wire for oil,” despite

The Indianapolis Times (A ICRim-lOWASD NT.WSPAFEB) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indlanapolia Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indlanapolia, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 centa a copy; elsewhere, 3 centa —delivered by carrier. 11 centa a week. Mail subscription rates In Indiana. |3 a year; outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOID OURLET. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley SWI MONDAY. SEPT. 19, 1832. Member of United Press, gcripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Herbert Hoover’s blindness to the existence of anything east of Poland. Moreover, Mellon, arch-defender of our capitalistic setup, has ignored the use of money in this transaction, reverting to primeval barter. Maine has gone Democratic, and the administration’s apologists thereafter virtually conceded Hoover's defeat in November, but, by now, the disclosure by Democratic Jouett Shouse that the organized wets spent money in Maine changes their diagnosis, and the victory is ascribed entirely to the wet trend—by the same Republicans who have been disregarding the two party planks on the subject to herald to the world that Hoover is the country's hope for beer. The treasury department exempts a foolish-woman from paying taxes on her gambling losses because she thought her “system” would beat the game, whereas carefree folks who toss their money on the table just for the sport of it must fork up to Uncle Sam.

A Good Speech Roosevelt’s speech at Salt Lake City was the best of the campaign. It was frank, constructive and specific. He impressed the importance of the railroads’ difficulties upon American but he also offered a definite program for the relief of these carriers. That there is little new in this Roosevelt program, and that its chief recommendations already have been made by the interstate commerce commission to congress and the country does not detract from it. If his party in the house and senate acts speedily jpon those parts of this program already recommended by the I. C. C., and pending in the form of bills, the Democratic presidential candidate will have accomplished much. The Governor’s program is intended especially to assist and relieve those who have invested their money in railroads. His declarations concerning those who have invested their lives in railroads were not equally as strong. While he said that the maintenance of the standard of living of the hundreds of thousands of railway workers is a matter of “vital concern of the national government,” his other declaration that these men and women are “enfitled to the highest possible wages that the industry can afford to pay,” was rather indefinite. Roosevelt’s is a six-point program. He wants the government to continue to stand back of the railroads both for a specific period, during which they must adjust their ‘top heavy” financial structures where necessary. The I. C. C. is already endeavoring to do this, in part, J>y setting up conditions to its approval of Reconstruction Finance Corporation loans. More can be done along these lines. He wants, and rightly, a thorough overhauling of the laws affecting railroad and other public utility receiverships. This is important. He wants I. C. C. regulation of motor carriers, a step advocated by the commission for some time, and one that will be taken with more or less speed if the railroads themselves will get whole-heartedly behind the task. \ He wants the I. C. C. to be relieved of enforcing competition where traffic is insufficient; and he wants railway consolidations to be speedily effected when in the public interest. If the laws ruling the I. C. C. in these matters are changed with the minimum of legislative and executive interference the results will be beneficial. Finally Roosevelt wants railway holding companies placed under I. c. C. regulation, and thus designated as common carriers. There are those in the railroad industry who oppose this, but because the commission has recommended it at least twice, and because a bill providing for such legislation is awaiting action before the hous;, this regulation may soon come about. We hope so. If Roosevelt expects the voters to accept him as a leader, he will hav e to make more speeches of this specific type, on issues on which he is still hazy. Members of the Women’s Organization for National Prohibition Reform want every home to keep a lamp lighted until repeal is accomplished. Which makes us wonder if it's all right for husbands ta get lit up, too. There being no baggageman among them, those Missouri scientists who tested an elephant in numer-. ous ways probably forgot to check his trunk. A recent prison break was blamed on the fact that white ants ate away the foundation for the bars. It won’t be long now before every gangster starts carrying his own ants.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

TT is, as I feared. Men who fish and keep their dogs in the house are superior. John Wharton of the Scripps-Howard editorial staff says go. and proves it. The man who gets up before daylight and snares a black bass, he explains, need not feel inferior to a king. And I am sure he never does. Mr. Wharton continues: “There are men who will not let their dogs sleep in the same room with them. But there also are men who bum orphan asylums and rob children’s banks.’’ , The case is lost, I guess. For I gather from this that folks—and alas, I am one of them—who put the dog out at night are just poor, miserable makeshiftfs of human beings. We lack the essential kindness, the warm understanding, the divine spark of love that animates those who keep their canine friends on cushions. So if banks are robbed and asylums burned it may be that the weak-witted creatures who perpetrate these deeds are not wholly to blame. They have been deprived by heaven of the highest virtue. Nature has cheated them. They may be the victims Df their own noses, when their olfactory nerves rebel at sleeping, in the same room with a dog who suffers from B. 0., to say nothing of halitosis. * n n YES, I must be wrong. For another gentleman, Joset Mair of Manhattan, also writes that he has searched his memory and can recall no instance of a pose of superiority among dog lovers. Then he hastens to prove the point by asserting that never again will he read anything written by such a benighted creature as myself. Happily for the world and for dogs, my kind are in the minority. Dozens and scores of columnists, notably the eminent Heywood Broun and the equally eminent O. and). Mclntyre, fill their space periodically by writing of the pleasing personalities of their pets. Magazines and newspapers overflow with the virtuous sentiments of men and women who adore their dogs and say so in print. Over and over one reads of how splendid they think themselves. It is impossible that so many good men could be wrong. One other question, however, must be put to Mr. Wharton and other authorities: A& the moral qualities of the fly fisherman superior to those of the man who uses worms?

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

“We Have Legislated Until No Group of Officials Could Enforce Our Laics.” NEW YORK. Sept. 19.—A peculiaV conception of honesty toward all forms of government and public business has developed in this country. It is a technical, quibbling conception, sustained largely by the notion that whatever one can get awa,y with is right. It bears slight resemblance to the conception of honesty which prevails in private life. Absurd laws, machine politics and popular indifference are chiefly responsible for this curious state of mind. Os all three, popular indifference is most responsible. Citizens can not expect their officials to be strait-laced and impartial as long as they tolerate the things now going on. Yfi have legislated until no group of officials could enforce our laws. We have made it impossible, even for the average traffic cop, to do his duty. We have established regulations that we do not expect to be generally obeyed, that we know could not be generally obeyed. We excused such action on the ground that it enables officials to meet emergencies. Asa matter of common knowledge, it is the by-product of impulse and emotion in nine out of ten cases. 000 Law Breaking Common SOME man slips on a banana peel, wrenches his knee and runs to the legislature demanding a law. Some woman gets the idea that if a certain practice were stopped, it would benefit the community, or state, and does the same thing. Popular indifference leaves the door wide open. There is no one present to challenge the demand. Citizens are too busy scraping enough together for taxes. Officials have become hardened to their excessive task. The mountain of laws and regulations continues to grow. The more it grows, the less practical and possible honest enforcement becomes. People laugh, just as though somebody else were to blame, just as though it were all a comedy in whffch they had no part, or for which they paid no price. Breaking the law, whether from carelessness, or by deliberate intent, gets to be common.

These Reform Waves EVERY so often, there is a reform wave, generally riling on the heels of depression. There is nothing like a depression to remind people of what things cost. But for the panic of ’73, Tweed might have gone happily on to the end of his days. The panic of ’93 developed another spasm of righteousness, particularly in and around New York. Each spasm lasted about a decade. Then we sank back where we were. We will continue the risky seesaw', just as long as we refuse to apply the same,rules of common honesty and common sense to the administration of government that we do to ordinary activities. There is not a business institution in these United States that could last out the year, if its employes and its customers man-handled it the way officials and citizens do the government; if they broke its rules to the same effect, neglected their duty, tolerated extravagance and slipped over so many shady deals. 000 Autos for Officials MAYOR McKee of New York City has created quite a sensation by eliminating a few expensive autos. They were closed cars, used principally for pleasure. One of them, which was put at the disposal of former Mayor Walker and which Mayor McKee might have retained, cost SIB,OOO, not to mention the chauffeur and gasoline bill. The mayor’s assistant had one, though not so expensive, and so did the mayor’s secretary Ifnd executive secretary. All told, there were seven, directly or indirectly, connected with the mayor’s office. Then there w'ere twenty-five department heads, each of whom had a fine, limousine, with a chauffeur employed at public expense, as well as gasoline and repair bills. Do you think Standard Oil would have stood for anything like that during the last three years, or even in pre-depression days? .

Questions and Answers

Who were the first printers in England and America? William Caxton was England’s first printer. He learned the art at Cologne, and, with Colard Mausion, started business at Bruges, removing in 1476 to Westminster, where he set up a press at the ‘‘Red Pale” in Almonry. In the United States the first press was in Cambridge, Mass., in 1638. The Rev. J. .Jesse Glover had left England with it, but died on the way over. It son Matthew, a lad of 18 years, who was set up by Stephen Day and his had some knowledge of printing. Has James A. Garfield, chairman of the resolutions committee of the Republican national convention, ever held public office? Hfc is the son of President James A. Garfield, and entered politics in Ohio in 1896 as a member of the Ohio State senate. In 1902 he was appointed United States civil service commissioner and was secretary of commerce and labor in the McKinley administration and secretary of the interior under Roosevelt. Who holds the world diving record in an ordinary diving suit? Frank Crilley of the United States navy descended 306 feet during the salvaging of the submarine off Honolulu in 1917. When will the Chicago world’s fair be held and when was the ; last* one? “A Century of Progress Exposition” in Chicago is scheduled to open June 1, 1933. The last world’s fair, held in the United States, was in Philadelphia, from June to De--1 cember, 1926.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Mental Test Is Not Infallible

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. ALMOST everyone now knows there are tests which are supposed to measure the mental ability of children and of adults. Physicians have been inclined to consider these tests of some value, but are not inclined to accept them in toto, as proving certainly the mental capacity of those tested. One psychologist feels that the tests show the limits of the possibilities in educating a child. How'ever, it is not safe to say that the mental future of the child can be predicted at 11 years of age, since some children mature much more slowly than do others. In a consideration of this subject, Professor E. J. Swift points out that no two individuals have exactly the same environment or the same experiences, so that it is

IT SEEMS TO ME by h ™ d

BY one of those curious quirks in our Comdex scheme of politics, the utlijnate fate of James J. Walker was :, not decided along the sidewalks of New York, but in the smallish towns and pasture lands of the State of Maine. When Maine went Democratic, Walker went blooey. The relationship between the Pine Tree State and the somewhat less adamant Walker may seem obscure, but it is realy very simple. Tammany likes Walker, but there is something the Hall likes even better than its bonnie prince. Tammany always tries to play winners. The organization never came to its present strength by backing lost causes and leading the front line of forlorn hopes. When the surprising news was announced from way down East, Mr. Curry said he had expected it all along. This may be a little less than completely accurate, for the boss never even would have played around with the project of Walker rehabilitation if he had realized from the beginning the certainty of Mr. Roosevelt’s election. a # Rolling Bandwagon Along AMONG the tigers there is small love for the Governor, and if there was a chance to aid in his defeat, open revolt might be sanctioned. But it is beyond Tammany’s "power to stop Mr. Roosevelt. He now is in the comfortable position of being able to lose New Yotk and still sweep oh. to victory. Under the circumstances, he will not lose New York. Mr. Curry has no intention oi putting up a last-ditch fight to no better purpose than to alienate the Democrat who will sit in the White House. The possibility of federal patronage is heavier in the scale than a willingness to salve the ego of a playboy politician. The organization will give Walker three cheers, but not a nomination. It realizes that the little fellow has gone over the top of the hill and Tammany prefers to stay on the sunny side of the mountains. And so in far-off Maine they blew “taps” over the political career of

Ever Make It? Ever make iced cocoa, coconutade, colonel’s mint cup, currant punch, lemon snow, orange honey cocktail, grape punch, prohibition mint julep, spruce beer, Turkish punch? These and dozens more of home-made, nonalcoholic drinks are explained, and directions for making them are contained in our Washington Bureau’s bulletin on the subject. You will find in it dozens of refreshing and delicious drinks—some of which you never heard of—with full directions for concocting. Fill out the coupon below and give your family or your guests anew kind of drink. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 194, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New "York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, HOME-MADE NONALCOHOLIC DRINKS, and Inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cpver return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE Z am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Another Gas Attack

extremely difficult to evaluate intelligence without taking into account the conditions under which those studied have lived. 000 THERE have been some remarkable examples of sudden increase in intelligence shown by children who were changed from one teacher to another. For instance, a daughter of a university professor was found to have an intelligence quotient of 75. Her father, after a searching conversation with the child, discovered that she disliked her teacher and her school so much that she simply could not make progress in her studies under the circumstances. She was placed in another school. When her intelligence was studied six months later, she attained a rating of 140. The difficulty seems to be in determining just what it is the tests actually measure. They seem to be

Walker. He is not going to run now, no matter what the courts decide, or ever again stand for public office. And within five years from now if anybody says ‘“James J. Walker,’” the average New Yorker is going to mutter: “Where have I heard that name before?” Herbert Hoover willl not be forgotten quite so quickly. The American people manage as a rule to remember their ex-Presidents. 0 0 0 Becoming a Shade Delphic WHILE the prophetic mood is on me, I would like to set down the prediction that Franklin D. Roosevelt will ride home upon a landslide. The Hoover total will be but little better than that which Mr. Taft received in the Bull Moose year of 1912. According to my careful calculations, the Republicans will carry Vermont, New Hampshire, IJtah and Pennsylvania. And they have a chance in California. The rest are Democratic. This column will not deal much from now on with the forthcoming election. The excitement has gone. By now it’s a procession, and I have grave doubts as to whether Herbert Hoover ever will pass any given point. I find myself beginning to feel sorry for him. Inf the days of his might and majesty, I did not like the man at all. I don’t like him now, but it would be a harsh commentator who had no sense of the ■pitifulness of his position. The last gesture of a promised whirlwind campaign wiv,h Herbert Hoover speaking here and there and every which where is too tragic to be .a subject of laughter. The fact is that Herbert Hoover is the most inept speaker who has lived in the White House for many years. With each adress he will sink deeper into the slough of despond. Radio is the ruination of the great engineer. The acceptance oration had distinct merits to the reading eye, but it was not a good broadcast. 3 Franklin Roosevelt sits comfort-

tests of school attainment rather than tests of judgment and reasoning power. Obviously school attainment must be due to a considerable extent to intelligence, but whether it is wholly due to intelligence or only partially so seems questionable. Certainly, willingness to learn, attention, judgment and similar factors must play some part. No doubt, the child w'ho likes school will proceed much faster than one who does not. Apparently, therefore, it> would be better to call the tests mental tests rather than intelligence tests. There are numerous instances of children who did badly in the intelligence tests and who left school at an early age, and w'ho later developed great success in life through discovering an interest which was attractive and to which they gave all they had in them.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

ably upon the ether, but to Hoover each wave length is a bucking broncho. For him there is no future on the air. 0 0 jr Seeing Travelers Off GOOD-BY, Horbert Clark Hoover. Farewell, James J. Walker. Though I have not loved you. either one, I think that by now you. have both come to that state of immunity which is the right of those who live within the shadow' of the statute of limitations. And my lack of warmth for these gentlemen does not extend to any malicious wishes for their future in a private capacity. In saying "hail” and immediately farewell to these two who were giants once in the market place there is need to utter nothing more than “happy landings.” And to both I would gladly cede the right to a chimney corner seat, a soft pillow, a f;ood book, and the privilege to curl up. (Copyright. 1932. by The Time*)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Realtors of the city, you say in your editorial, “Resort to Force,” in making threats as to what they will do if the threatened higher taxes are railroaded through, are showing the first direct threat of revolution. Do you forget how the United States of America origin!! ted? Do you forget the war of the American Revolution? Do you overlook the fact that the signers of the Declaration of Independence were all ex- 1 treme revolutionists? Do you not recall that the underlying cause of that revolution was^-taxation? Do you cast slurs on the name of George, Washington, because he had revolutionary ideas and, in fact, used violence to enforce those ideas? If you think that the property owners of this city are going to stand for a $3.19 tax rate, you are mistaken. Through this office we afe responsible for or control the payment of about $50,000 a year in taxes. Should this high tax rate go through, it will be the simplest matter In the world for us to withhold the payment of this amount. It is a certainty that others will join the movement, particularly if backed by the Indianapolis Real Estate Board. Twenty other persons in a situation similar to ours, and the amount unpaid would be $1,000,000. When in Chicago some time ago I saw posters in the windows exhorting the people of Chicago not to pay their taxes. Whose name was on these posters as sponsor? The Chicago Real Estate Board. You see, the fundamental principle involved is that the taxpayers hold the draw-strings on the purse in their grasp. And the draw-strings are on the verge of being pulled tight shut. A MEMBER OF THE INDIANAPOLIS REAL ESTATE BOARD.

Daily Thoughts

The fathers have eaten soar crapes and the children's teeth are set on edge.—Ezekiel 18:2. All power of fancy over reason 1s a mark of insanity.—Johnson.

-SEPT. 19, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

“ Epidemic” of\Big Telescopes Comes; Several Giant Ones to Be Built in Near Future. BIG telescopes seem to be announced with such rapidity these days that it is somewhat difficult for the casual reader to keep them all in mind. Last week, astronomers from all nations, 'attending the meeting of the International Astronomical Union witnessed the laving of the cornerstone of the Oak Ridge station of the Harvard observatory, a few miles from Cambridge. Mass. This observatory is to house a 61inch reflecting telescope. It was announced that the instrument to be completed in a few months, will be the fourth largest telescope in the world. But that announcement wasn't very old before it became apparent that it would not hold that distinction for long. v Anew big telescope is being planned which will make it necessary for the ratings to be changed again. * The second announcement was from the University of Chicago and the University of Texas. The two have joined hands to build an 80inch telescope on one of the mountain peaks in the Davis ranee of Texas. 6 The new telescope, when completed, will become the second largest in the world. It is hoped to have it in operation by 1938. But ratings will have to be revised when the 200-inch telescope, planned by the California Institute of Technology is built. It will be the world's largest and so every other telescope will be put back one place.

First Big Telescopes THE first big telescopes were ot the type known as refractors. The refractor is the most familiar type to the layman. It has a small lens or eyepiece at one end and a big lens or ‘‘object glass” at the other. Among the big telescopes of this sort built during the latter years of the nineteenth century, were the 26-inch refractor for the United States naval observatory, the 36inch refractor of the Lick observatory on Mt. Hamilton, Cal., and the 40-inch refractor of the Yerkes observatory of the University 01 Chicago. The 40-inch refractor never has been surpassed in size. It is understood. of course, that the size of a refractor refers to the diameter of the big lens, or object glass. Two problems have prevented the building, of a large refractor/ The chief one is the difficulty of casting a lens larger than forty inches in diameter. Several attempts to date have been failures. A second difficulty —but one which no doubt could be solved if the lens were once produced—is the problem of mounting the lens at the top of the tube. When it is remembered that the mirror of the 100-inch telescope at Mt. Wilson weighs about eight tons, it will be seen that this is no simple problem. All telescopes larger than the 40-inch have been reflectors. The reflector uses a concave mirror, instead of an object glass. This mirror is mounted at the bottom of an open tube and concentrates the light upon a small auxiliary mirror at the top of the tube, which in turn reflects it into the eyepiece. 000 Today’s Score Card THE reflecting type of telescope is easier to build for two reasons. First, since the light is reflected from the silvered top of the mirror and does not have to pass through it, a block of glass which would not make a satisfactory lens will make a satisfactory mirror. Second, the engineering problem of mounting the mirror ab the bottom of the telescope tube is much simpler than mounting a lens at the top. At one time, the Mt, Wilson observatory in California held a monopoly on big reflectors, with its 60-inch reflector and its 100-inch reflector. The 100-inch telescope, of course, still is the largest in the world. The 60-inch telescope, however, eventually was equaled by one of similar size built for the southern station of the Harvard observatory, the Harvard Kopje conservatory at Bloemfontein, South Africa. And it was surpassed by the 72inch telescope built by the Dominion astrophysical observatory in Victoria, B .C. More recently, it was surpassed by the 69-inch reflector at the Perkins observatory of Ohio Wesleyan university, Delaware, O. Now it is to be surpassed a third time by # the new' Harvard 61-inch reflector. When this goes into operation the standing will be as follows: First, the 100-inch at Mt. Wilson; second, the 72-inch at Victoria: third, the 69-inch at Delaware; Fourth, the 61-inch at Harvard; fifth, the 60inch at Mt. Wilson and the 60-inch in South Africa. But this score-card will have to be revised when the new 80-inch telescope is completed in Texas, and it will have to be revised a second time when the gigantic 200-inch in California finally is built and put into operation.

& T ?s9£ Y ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

BRITISH DRIVE FORWARD September 19

ON Sept. 19, 1918, British forces ■on the Hindenburg line near St. Quentin launched a great attack on a twenty-mile front and drove forward more than four miles, taking thousands of prisoners and many villages. French troops operating on the same front encountered more stubborn opposition, but held positions won against several furious counterattacks. British, Greek and French forces operating against the Bulgarians in the Balkan peninsula continued .their drive, taking forty-five villages and entering Bulgaria at one point. The situation of the Bulgarian army was critical, and Bulgarian envoys were reported requesting immediate aid from Germany and Austria if Bulgaria was to continue in the wax.