Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 110, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 September 1932 — Page 6

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The School Problem

r No one should be surprised at the conflict of Interests now being waged before the school board. On one side are the taxpayers who find themselves unable to pay and who are desperately trying to forestall what threatens to be confiscation of their homes unless the burden is lifted. On the other are those who are interested in presenting a deflation of educational standards and of wages for teachers. It is conceivable that before the year ends, there will be such deficiencies in tax payments that the schools will be closed or teachers be without any pay envelopes. It is necessftry, of course, that the first charge against the school funds is that of interest on bonded debts. Interest keeps on at the same old rate. There can be no reduction there and no interference with the sacredncss of contracts with those whrf loaned money in other years for the construction of buildings and the installation of ventilation systems. If these had been less costly and not included tribute to favored politicians, there would be left more now for teachers and for education. The schools are finally paying for that sad era of their history. Just how far the ability to pay can be made to balance with the demands of parents and of thinking citizens for a high standard of education remains to be seen. In the end it may not be a question of how large a wage, but whether there will be any wage whatever for the teacher. In the meantime, there are some things that may be done co-operatively and without cost. In these enterprises are the night schools that now Beem to be doomed. These must be kept open. There is greater necessity in these times than in days of prosperity. Education will finally furnish all the-so-lution. There are more men and women who demand learning and "frith plenty of leisure to pursue it. The tax problem is just one phase of the big problem of getting men and women back to work at wages that will permit the maintenance of all institutions that make for advancement in education, culture and civilized living. There can be no solution until work is available to all. The tragedy of it is that there is so much to do, so many willing and no sane way of putting those who want to work into jobs. q Wage cutting is harsh business. But these days are not notable for their lack of harshness or tragedy. Ultimate Blame in Stark Case Freeing of the Nassau county (New York) policemen charged with the murder of Hyman Stark certainly is one of the most disgraceful testimonials to the collapse of what we playfully call our criminal Jurisprudence. There seems little doubt that Stark met his death at the hands of the policemen. The judge under whom the indictment was brought said that there was no doubt about it. Yet the men were freed. This will be bound to have a disastrous effect on third degree practices about New York City. The bars will be down. This vestige of medieval brutality in the torture chamber will get anew lease on life. Yet it would be unwise for one to let his righteous Indignation against these policemen and their methods so obscure his vision as to make him unable to identify the real culprit in the situation, which is our contemporary jury trial. Here is where the responsibility centers all along the line in this case and all others like it. The chief reason why the third degree is used is that the police wish to get a record for conviction. The police have adopted a brutal policy today because of the difficulty of getting convictions in many cases. The reason for this is the jury trial, which permits a verdict having little or no relation to the facts in the case. A group more unfitted to perform its logical function than the casual lay jury is hard to conceive. It is desirable to attack the third degree directly and immediately, but the only way in which we shall get rid of this atrocity permanently, as well as prevent the collapse of our criminal justice, is to supplant the jury by a paid body of specially trained experts, who have no other duty than to examine into questions of guilt and innocence. < In such case, material gained by third degree methods would not be necessary and would not' be accepted, even if available. With an expert board, we would not be plagued by the situation which at present exists, where men w-ho are palpably guilty are freed and men against whom there is not a whit of substantial evidence are convicted. Until we tackle the jury system, all our other efforts will be merely secondary flirting with symptoms of the major disease. The Immediate Job National leaders, assisted by President Hoover, are appealing to the country to care for the unemployed this winter. If the enthusiasm and willingness to work and give and help shoulder the responsibility of aiding 25.000,000 men. women and .children, and evidenced in the speeches at Thursday's first meeting of the citizens’ committee in charge of the welfare and relief mobilization is imparted to the country, the'jobless and their dependents need not face starvation. President Hoover said the first task is to “see that no man. woman or child shall go hungry or unsheltered through the approaching winter.” Newton D. Baker, who heads the citizens’ committee, is preaching the abandonment of all theories when the nation is confronted with a hungry child. “Our people,” said Hoover, “are the most generous of all peoples” Now is the time to prove this statement. This, as Louis E. Kirstein so clearly pointed out to the conference Thursday night, is no time for fairweather philanthropy; no time for fair-weather leadership. It was Kirstein, vice-president of William Filene's & Sons Cos., Boston, and president of the Associated Jewish Philanthropies there, who got down to rock bottom in Thursday's relief discussion. He said: “It no longer is a question in an emergency like this whether any individual will give as much as he can, but rather how he will give it—voluntarily or through increased taxation. “Either we must give generously and voluntarily to our social agencies, or we must stop whining when the government is forced to impose the added taxes required for succor until jobs appear. I have little patience with those who raise the cry about the ‘dole’ whenever government funds are involved. “A ‘dote’ is a ‘dole,’ whether the funds come from private charity or public treasuries. As % matter o i —.ajflK

The Indianapolis Times <A OCRIPPB-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) and ptibllahed daily (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Tim** Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 centa a copy; elsewhere. 3 cent*—delivered by carrier, 12 centa a week. Mall subecriptlon rates in Indiana. *3 a year; outside of Indiana, 85 centa a month. BOH) HURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL 1)7 BAKE R Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 8861 FRIDAY. SEPT. 16. 1932 Member of United I’re**, gcrtppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulation*. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

fact, we have been having during the last three years In the United States the most expensive dole of any western country. “The raising of money for welfare and relief work ! ... is a challenge to business and financial men and our lay leaders. Insofar as responsibility can be assigned to any group for the present world-wide economic collapse. It would seem to me that the business and financial group plainly Is indicated. “It is we who attract capital, engage labor, ask the public to buy our wares. It is we w r ho extol a system of free enterprise and Individual initiative. We must! be willing, therefore, to tackle problems of funda- j mental reorganization. “There still are plenty of men of wealth in this country. Many of these are standing on the sidelines and criticising. These men are slackers. We must shame them into doing their duty, just as w e shamed men who sought to dodge in 1917.” There is the appeal of the welfare and relief mobilization from a man who knows. It can not be disregarded. The Japanese Joker Another peace treaty has been scrapped. By recognizing the alleged independence of the Manchurian territory she stole from China and now controls, Japan virtually has destroyed the nine-power treaty guaranteeing the territorial and administrative integrity of China. Japan, after a year, now officially confirms the conquest of her militarists. That treaty will remain worthless unless and until the United States and the other signatory powers reaffirm it. by outlawing Japan as a violator. The United States has done its part to date. But it can not go on alone. On the eve of Japan’s recognition of the new puppet state, President Hoover and Secretary of State Stimson repeated their earlier declaration of policy that the United States will refuse to recognize any territory or agreements achieved by force. But this American declaration has not been sufficient to stop Japan. No one expected it to be. The moral and diplomatic force necessary to preserve treaties must be a world force. Japan defies the American government and American public opinion. But Japan would not be so quick to defy all the large world powers. That is the joker in the international pack today. The support of the European powers—or at leasttheir tacit approval—seems to have gone to Japan, the treaty violator, rather than to the treaty they are sworn to uphold. Great Britain and France have refrained from joining the American declaration outlawing the fruits of Japanese conquest. Great Britain and France further have obstructed efforts of the smaller European nations to hold Japan to her League of Nations peace obligations, an(| now those two powers are reported trying to modify or postpone league action against Japan on the basis of the forthcoming league report. Encouraged by this appearance—accurate or inaccurate —of British and French support of Japanese militarism, the Tokio government is reported in the heat of vast war preparations, with munition factories under forced production and large military imports from America and elsewhere. On the spot, some observers think Japan is preparing for war against Russia, while others say she is getting ready for a war with the United States. Under the circumstances, American officials must recall that the price of the nine-power treaty was the sacrifice by the United States of certain naval and defense rights in the Pacific, If that treaty has been destroyed beyond repair, the United States should know it quickly. The test is whether Britain, France and the other signatories of the nine-power treaty and of the Kellogg anti-war pact are going to defend the treaties against Japan. When we say defend, we do not mean with armies and navies; we mean defend the treaties with joint moral, diplomatic and economic pressure —which is more in keeping with the spirit of the violated treaties and more effective than war. Two steps are imperative at once. The United States should demand openly that Great Britain and France declare themselves publicly. The United States should ban all military shipments from this country to Japan. Tax cuts have benefited the farmer greatly. Last year he was S2OO short of having enough to pay his S2OO tax bill. This year his tax bill is only $l5O and he's only $l5O short. The deflation has hit Hollywood a terrible blow. Some of the biggest moguls now have only one yes-man. The new president of Mexico is Abelardo Rodriguez, and you can be pretty sure he's not Irish.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs, Walter Ferguson

“XTTHY,” inquires a lady who views the national VV scene with alarm, ‘ do so many modern women feel that the routine of the office is less tiresome than the routine of the home? Why do they prefer to drudge downtown rather than in their own kitchens?” The answer is that the office hands them a pay check every Saturday night. And there is nothing startling nor shocking in that. No slander to our sex is implied. Making a home and rearing children is the most splendid of all creative jobs—and the most poorly paid. Women, I feel sure, would fall to it with greater zest if they were rewarded in some more solid coin than fine words and editorial praise. From some unknown source has come the idea that we are by nature far less selfish than men. So deeply has it become established in the public mifid that it now holds an almost sacred implication. * m m YFT where are the facts that prove it? While it is difficult for mothers to earn money and at the same time make a good home for their children, it is foolish to suppose that they might not desire greatly to do both. Men have been excellent fathers and yet not abandoned the hope of accumulating a fortune. Merely because we supply the infants for the race is not sufficient reason to believe that we never may have any other ambition. Indeed, if our business gods are to be believed, it is reasonable to insist that the most worthwhile work should receive the greatest remuneration. If this is true, then, by all odds, housewives and mothers should get large salaries. Yet ie go on expecting them to work for years without any actual money to call their own. Some day we shall ditch this silly idea. When we do, marriage and homemaking will become the chief feminine occupation. Working for one's room and board is not so inspiring. The men, we notice, resent it fearfully. Only the dumbest woman would do so, especially when she is asked to keep it uj*~Ande finitely.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

•Says

We Are Not Going to Rehabilitate American Industry Until t World Markets Have Been Reopened to Its Products. NEW YORK, Sept. 16.—Desirable as it may be for presidential candidates to make themselves clear on domestic problems, it is equally, if not more, desirable that they should do so with regard to foreign policies. A President's power to guide and determine the relations of this country to other countries is of vital importance. In dealing with domestic problems, the President must collaborate with congress. He can recommend and veto measures, but he can not get them adopted without the co-opera-tion of congress, or prevent their adoption if two-thirds of the members of house and senate insist on it. In the field of foreign relations, congress is far more likely to be governed by the President's views, while he needs only the senate's consent to confirm treaties. BUM Must Restore Trade THE next President of the United will have vastly more say-so about our relations with Soviet Russia and the settlement of foreign debts than about the bonus or farm relief. Os even greater significance, the return of genuine prosperity, is, perhaps, more dependent on a wise readjustment of our foreign relations than on the solution of any domestic problem. We are not going to rehabilitate American industry until world markets have been reopened to its products. The idea that we can bring about real recovery through any rearrangement of the methods or systems by which we live off each other, is absurd. The trade we have lost and are continuing to lose must be restored. It must be restored not only to enable us to sell more, but to enable other people to buy more. The next President of the United States will fail and bad times will continue, unless something practical and effective is accomplished to liberate international commerce from the strangling influence of tariff walls and demoralized credit. BUB Reckoning Day Near LIKE those of most European countries, the leaders of our own have fallen for a cheap, pandering brand of statesmanship, telling their own people what sounds pleasant, while they jockey for advantage when the day of reckoning comes. They know, and have know T n for several years, that the day of reckoning is not far off, that the economic set-up which they are trying to sustain is just a house of paper, that the debts they keep carrying forward as assets never will be paid. They know that a drastic readjustment, if not cancellation, is inevitable. They know that all these bombastic declarations and resolutions are just a smoke screen to obscure the approaching end. They know that the Dawes plan, the Young plan, the moratorium, and the pact of Lausanne mean that Germany reparations are cut and that war debts must soon travel the same road. n B B Face Issue Squarely WHY not face the music like men? What is the use of deceiving ourselves? We are not going to collect eleven billion dollars from European governments, or anything like it. We have only one chance in the matter. We can call a conference to revise the debts, or we can force European governments to repudiate them. For horse-trading purposes, the latter course might be better, but the result would be the same in either case, or nearly so. and we should have no illusions about it. Once the debt situation is cleared, those tariff barriers which have been erected largely because of it must be torn down. In no other way can we hope to reopen the channels of international trade and regain adequate markets for American industries.

Questions and Answers

When did Rhode Island ratify the Constitution of the United States? May 29, 1790. Rhode Island was not represented in the constitutional convention and did not ratify until measures were taken to treat the state as a foreign power. Who is the author of the maxim: “He serves his party best who serves his country best?” President Rutherford B. Hayes in his inaugural address. Give the area and population of Delaware. Area, 2.370 square miles; population, 238,380. During what months is the United States supreme court in session? October to May. What are the superstitions about the moonstone? They are supposed to be potent as a love charm, an aid to memory and a cure for leprosy. WTio actually invented the electric light? Credit for the basic discovery of the electric light probably is due to Sir Humphrey Davy, an Englishman, who observed in 1810 the electric arc and produced the incandescence of a fine platinum wire in connection with his famous experiments with a 2,000-cell battery. In 1862 an arc lamp was installed in a lighthouse at Dungeness and supplied with current from a combrous magneto-electric machine. This lamp was used for many years and generally is credited with being the first electric lamp in regular service.

Daily Thoughts

Lay up for yourselves treasures In heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal.—St. Matthew, 6:20. Riches expose a man to pride and luxury, and a foolish elation of the heart.—Addison.

Take "Physical Test Before Football

This is the first of two timely special articles on football and health. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of H.vgeia, the Health Magazine. THE opening of the football season brings to mind the serious discussion that followed the closing of the 1931 season, relative to accidents and fatalities resulting from the game. The popularity of football, attested by crowds of many thousands, and the fact that vacant lots as well as the fields of high schools and universities already are the scene of early practice, indicates that the game , has not lost in its appeal to the young man. This column is not concerned particularly with the moral aspects of football, although it does represent a game that is designed particularly to build stamina and to put the steel fiber In character. The hazards of football are those which result from other athletic activities, but in addition there are

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE lawyer who has been assigned to defend Herbert Clark Hoover asserts that there were 1,069 criminals in the bonus army. Furthermore, it is advanced that this number includes only those who were identified out of 4,723 who applied for loans to get back home. And this, when figured out. means a percentage of 22.6 of the entire outfit. It sounds singularly effective until one remembers that AttorneyGeneral Mitchell is President Hoover's man, and an individual assigned to do the very best he can under the circumstances. Even a casual examination of the figures reveals that Mr. Hoover is somewhat more concerned with the newspaper headlines than with the precise facts under consideration. In the first place, the nice, round and swinging total of 1,069 includes' 220 who were tried for various offenses and acquitted. Surely neither Mr. Hoover nor defense counsel is going to contend that the mere matter of an accusation brands anybody with a felon’s stripes. Not Precisely the One IT is fair to assume that under the even-handed justice which prevails during the reign of the great engineer the 220 who got off were guiltless as charged. That leaves us 849 to account for. Now. in this list I find certain tabulations which I should think Mr. Hoover would hesitate to make. Among the high crimes and misdemeanors set forth is “Vagrancy—--107.” And of this number no less than sixty-nine convicted. But is Herbert Clark Hoover quite the man to carry on a definitive and punishing campaign against those who have no homes or occupations? Until proof was furnished to the contrary, I always had assumed that Herbert Hoover must love the jobless, because he made so many of them. It is a little as if Circe had hauled a neighbor into court upon the com-

Ever Make It? Ever make iced cocoa, coconutade, colonel’s mint cup, currant punch, lemon snow, orange honey cocktail, grape punch, prohibition mint julep, spruce besr, Turkish punch? These and dozens more of home-made, nonalcoholic drinks are explained, and directions for making them are contained in our Washington Bureau’s bulletin on the subject. You will find in it dozens of refreshing and delicious drinks —some of which you never heard of—with full directions for concocting. Fill out the coupon below and give your family or your guests anew kind of drink. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 194, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, HOME-MADE NONALCOHOLIC DRINKS, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE lam a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.) |

The Pressing Need!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

special dangers because of the nature of the game. An athlete who is overtrained looks thin, drawn and worried. He is too tired to sleep. He becomes surly. He loses weight beyond what is ngeessary for hardening. Overexertion is bound to have a serious effect on the heart. Because of the possibilities of harm associated with athletics, no young man should undertake football without first having a thorough medical examination, which will indicate whether or not his body is capable Os undergoing the strain. Not everybody is physically fit to play football. It is well to begin training lightly. The best coaches do not permit scrimmage until ten days have elapsed after the beginning of the season. It is customary to take light work on the days foliowing games. Football players must have plenty of plain, wholesome food which they know agrees with them. They must have plenty of sleep and just enough work.

plaint that she kept pigs within the city limits. It Could Be You or Me AND then I find no fewer than twenty-four whose criminality consists of “driving while intoxicated.” And in this instance I haver a right, without prejudice, to inquire, “Aren’t we all?” since I can not operate a motor vehicle even when supremely sober. “Drunkenness” and “infractions ; against the liquor laws” comprise a j total of no less than 159, and so j Counsellor Mitchell’s picture of a desperate group of unscrupulous; bandits and militant revolutionaries I begins to fade under the sharp acid of figures. And I mean his own. Take away once more from that swaggering total of 1,069 the figure “Military offenses—B4.” Now, some of our best and most treasured citizens are not only frank, but eager, to admit that they went A. W. O. L. under slight provocation or none at all. There is also the slightly indefinite tabulation of “Suspicion and investigation—63.” Not to mention the vague “Miscellaneous—4l.” Taking out of the grand total these •classifications, which are insufficiently strong to merit the label “criminal,” we do not find j much of a showing for Mr. Hoover’s legal apologist. According to my nonpartisan editing, the end result reads, “Criminals out of 4,723 — 413.” And it must be remembered that Mr. Hoover's advocate uses “police record” and “criminal” as synonyms, which I hope is a little less than true. I mean I have a police record. I have been arrested. They took me in for acting as a picket in a strike. I always have hoped that I might, nevertheless, stand for public office in some future election without being stigmatized and disqualified as a criminal. Indeed, I was very proud of being arrested. I said to the policeman: “Now, is

The moment any player shows signs of dullness, listlessness or loss of appetite, his weight chart must be studied to see if he is losing weight excessively. At such times he may be given a layoff, and permitted to take it easy until the weight loss stops. No longer do coaches give their men breathing exercises. Running exercises and the usual practice are quite sufficient to develop the wind. It has not been shown that the capacity of the lungs can be increased in any. wav by standing still and inhaling deeply for from 15 to 40 minutes. Too little attention has been given to the mental aspects of the football player. Far more harm is caused by keying men up and keeping them keyed up over long periods of time than by any amount of exercise under conditions in which the strain of keying is absent. Next—What a football player should eat . . . the treatment of injuries. '

RV lIEYWOOD 151 BROUN

this all signed, sealed and delivered? There’s no mistake? I'm arrested, all right? Would you mind taking a taxi instead of walking to the station house?” B B B Comparison of Records BUT not to be personal about it, I would like to see some comparison between the police record of the dangerous bonus army and that of the class of Harvard university 1910. Or, if you like, Yale 1910. I don’t think this would make the figures for major crimes more than a shade higher. Indeed, I would like to see a comparison between the bonus army and Congress 1932. Or, to be a bit more mean and searching, Warren Harding’s cabinet 1920. Any sort of thoroughgoing research will show, in my opinion, that the bonus army constituted a fair cross-section of the American people. That is not the impeccable standard of perfection, and yet It seems to me a mass deserving of something more than the cruel punishment meted out by President Hoover’s hysteria. (Copyright. 1932, by The! Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Many people are under the impression that the soup house on Maryland street, across from the county jail, is maintained by local charitable organizations. This is a mistake. It is maintained by donations made by the city police, firemen and city and county employes, and besides feeding hundreds there, many more married men carry home soup, milk and bread to their destitute families, while at the Wheeler Mission a married man can eat, but can not carry anything home to his family. This city soup house was established by our city and county Democratic officials. Men who patronize this place only do so through necessity and many are forced at night to patronize one of the Hoover downtown hotels, either University or Sullivan park, using a newspaper for a blanket, and if we should be so unfortunate as to have to suffer four more years of Republican “prosperity,” we will all be going around in barrels and grazing with the cattle. The Republican party always has classed the voters as imbeciles and if Hoover is elected it only will prove a Republican theory. And if Jim Watson can sell Hoover to Hoosiers, it not only will prove Jim a master salesman, but prove to the world that Hoosiers are buyers of gold bricks and easy marks. Now our senior senator has had the major appointments on good federal positions a long time and he will be a tough old pig to root away from the trough, but as his old friend Herb will have to resume ranching, we might as well send Jim back to the farm. Should he visit our fair city in his coming campaign, us Souphounds invite him to dine with us, and maybe he can give us a better recipe on how to make soup, and the papers all can headline the grand and glorious news: Watson Dines With Hoover's Souphounds.” WILLIAM LEMON. 213 West New York street. * ■

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those ol one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

.SEPT. 16, 1932

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ

Atmospheres of Four Major Planets Found to Contain Ammonia Gas. AMMONIA gas exists in the atmospheres of the major planets, Jupiter, Saturn. Uranus, and Neptune. This discovery has been made at the Mt. Wilson observatory by Dr. Walter S. Adams and Dr. Theodore Dunham. Dr. Adams, director of the famous Mt Wilson observatory, described the new discovery to me in an exclusive interview during the meeting of the International Astronomical Union at Cambridge. Mass. For a century or more, astronomers have been puzzled by the consttution of the major planets. The telescope reveals Jupiter to be an object of great beauty, but also one of great mystery. The planet Is richly colored, various shades of red and brown predominating, with here and there an olive green. The markings, for the most part, are arranged in belts of alternate lighter and darker shades stretching across the planet, parallel to the equator. The belts are not permanent, but vary in number, color, width, and detail from year to year. Small spots and other markings in them change frequently, lasting usually only a few weeks. At one time it was thought that these markings could be explained on the theory that the planet had a surface still in a molten or liquid condition. B B B Frozen Clouds THE idea that Jupiter had a molten surface had to be abandoned however, when measurements by Coblentz and others with the termocouple, an exceedingly delicate thermometer, revealed that the temperature of the planet must be about 140 degrees below zero on the centigrade thermometer. Accordingly, it was suggested that the planet may have a small solid core surrounded by an extensive and very dense atmosphere. It was suggested' that the surface of the planet may be covered with a thick layer of ice and that the clouds may consist of frozen gases, such as carbon dioxide, for example. Saturn, the ringed planet, presents much the same sort of case as does Jupiter. The disk of Saturn is marked with belts, though they are not so well defined as in the case of Jupiter! The equatorial zone of Saturn possesses a bright yellowish color, while the polar regions are greenish in color. Uranus is revealed by the telescope to have a sea-green color. Surface observations are not very satisfactory, due to the faintness of the disk, but it seems rather certain that the planet resembles Jupiter and Saturn and presents therefore the same problems. Neptune is yet farther from the sun than Uranus and therefore still more difficult to study, but It seems in general to present the same problem also. The finding of ammonia gas in the atmosphere of these four planets by Adams and Dunham marks the first step in solving the riddle. Incidentally, the discovery strengthens the belief of astronomers that these four planets can not be the abode of life as we know it. However, it should be noted that our own atmosphere does contain some slight traces of ammonia gas. BMP Bands Analyzed THE Mt. Wilson astronomers have succeeded in their attack upon the major planets by using the 100-inch telescope, the world's largest telescope, in conjunction with an extremely powerful spectroscope. The spectroscope is a device which spreads light into a rainbow of color. The simplest spectroscope is a small glass prism. If the light of the sun is examined with a spectroscope, it is found to be crossed with a large number of dark lines. These lines are caused by the various chemical elements in the sun Now the planets shine by reflected sunlight and therefore the spectrum of a planet should be that of the sun. Asa matter of fact, however, the spectra of the planets contain large dark bands known as absorption bands. These bands are due to the fact that certain wave lefigths of sunlight are absorbed by the atmosphere of the planets. Heretofore, it has not been possible to make much headway in study of these bands. The combination, however, of the 100-inch telescope with an extremely powerful spectroscope. gives a spectrum of such length that the dark bands are spread out sufficiently to reveal the fact that they contain an internal structure. In other words, the larger bands are separated into individual components. , This makes it possible to analyze them and to determine what gases are responsible for them. It was in this way that the existence of ammonia in the atmosphere of the major planets was discovered.

v T ?s9£ Y A®IVERSARV

BULGARIANS RETREAT Sept. 16.

ON Sept. 16, 1918, allied troops continued their hot pursuit of the Bulgarian Second army, which had been completely beaten in the offensive which started the day before. The breach between the First and Second Bulgarian armies was widened and the position of the Second army was extremely critical. The advance of the two days opened up the way for an allied drive into the heart of Bulgaria j itself. , Military observers reported that ; Bulgarian resistance was half- ; hearted and expressed the opinion | that Bulgaria soon would be out of ; the war. Paris was bombed by a large squadron of German planes. Six persons were killed and fifteen were injured. One plane was brought down by anti-aircraft fir*. Mb*?-. T * ' ■?.' f v