Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 109, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 September 1932 — Page 4

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Resort to Force Now come the real estate men of this city with the declaration that unless taxes are greatly reduced they will resort to force. Here Is probably the first direct threat of revolution that has been made in the depression. Police have been used to break up meetings of radicals, congressional committees have hunted for reds, the attorney-general of the United States explains to the nation that the bonus army was made up of Communists, but it remained for the realtors to openly declare that unless their taxes are cut, they will “stand ready to appeal to the higher powers, whether this be the power of cpurts, the power of the vote or the power of force.” If this means what it says, if judges refuse to see eye to eye with them on the matter, they will organize to defeat the judges. If they fail to overthrow the judges by ballots, they expect to take the law into their own hands and make a stand with whatever weapons they have to defy the orderly processes of government. The importance of the announcement is not so much its violent language as its source. The realtors have been the most conservative of all groups of business men. The public had been led to expect that from them would come nothing but a virile declaration of keeping things as they are, without change and without rocking of boats. For them to threaten revolution and violence is as startling as would be profanity from the mouth of a babe. Only a desperate condition could produce such a declaration. Os course, it is quite safe for these men to give voice to such sentiments, which, on the lips of others might mean jail or deportation. The truth of the situation is that this explosive statement and all other similar declarations come from the fact that there are idle men in this country, and that idleness has reduced the purchasing and paying power to such an extent that real estate is being confiscated to maintain the government. The one solution for the tax problem is a purchasing power in the hands of the men and women who are now idle through compulsion. There can be no solution of the tax problem until men are again at their normal work at a saving wage. Trimming tax budgets to the bone will help but little. It may save a few dollars. There can be no abolition of those agencies interested in public safety or health. The resort to force is a rather desperate method to use for any problem. There should be a resort to brains. The men who threaten violence, especially when those men are the leaders of a community, should be thinking of ways in which their former tenants can be put back to work at wages that will again permit them to pay rents. If those in the higher walks of life lose their heads and tempers in these days, what can be expected from the man who has nothing but time on his hands? Roosevelt at Topeka Roosevelt’s farm relief plan as outlined at Topeka Tuesday is disappointing. That is not surprisingmost solutions of the farm problem are inadequate. The problem is momentous and many-sided. There is no simple or easy way out. At least Roosevelt deserves credit for offering no cure-all. Unlike the traditional Republican campaign orators, the Democratic presidential candidate did not try to gold brick the farm voters with a complete panacea. He was at his best in the constructive proposal for withdrawing marginal lands from production. But he might have been franker in his discussion of two of the root evils—overproduction and the tariff. Apparently he did not have the courage to tell the farmers that American agriculture must depend primarily on the domestic market; that its ability to compete with cheaper producing areas abroad is limited; that diversification and sharp reduction of mounting surpluses is essential. That is a cruel truth for the farmer to swallow, tout It Is the truth, nevertheless. It Involves an economic surgical operation for the industry, Instead of doping the patient with price-fixing and surpluscontrol panaceas of the farm board type, which do more harm than good. The tariff is one subject on which Roosevelt always seems hazy. His generalizations don’t get anywhere. While attacking effectively the failure of the Republican tariff to help the farmer, at Topeka he appeared to hold up the tariff as a hope for the farmer. To propose, as he did, “a (farm) tariff benefit over world prices which is equivalent to the benefits given by the tariff to industrial products,” is to promise the impossible. The only way to close the tariff gap between what the farmer buys and sells is to cut the tariff on industrial products. There is not much use to talk about restoring prosperity for the farmer or for any one else in America until there is a general tariff reduction permitting the resumption of international trade. The failure of the Democratic platform and of the Democratic candidate to date to pledge a definite tariff cut is one of the major disappointments of the campaign. Perhaps, however, a man who sees as clearly as Roosevelt the fallacy of the high tariff philosophy will be more specific about cuts before the campaign is over. As correctly stated by him at Topeka, the high tariff theory is absurd, because it is designed to help the few, on the assumption that they, in turn, may be kind enough to help the many. But the many always lose. The Bonus Demand Today the American Legion is expected to demand the cash bonus. No one will be surprised that veterans, who believe they have a just claim on the government for advance payment of the bonus, favor getting such cash. In these hard times, people are apt to try to get all the money they can. But the final answer on this is with congress. It has to consider not only .the special interest of the veterans, but the wider interest of the country as a whole. The country can not afford to pay that money mt this time. When the vetex-ans have time to think it over, many of them will realize that the nation has not been ungenerous. They have received 15.728,000,000. Congress now is voting them more than half a billion dollars a year in addition to hospital and domiciliary care. ’They have no legal right to s2,3oo,oocfj#X) cash

The Indianapolis, Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) •’•I'L < c *Pt Sunday) by The IndUnapolU Times Pnbli.hlne Cos.. 214-220 Went Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Pries in Marion County 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 ceota-deiiTered by carrier. 12 cent* a w£k Mail aubacHptlon rates in Indiana, S3 a year: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. B °YD OURLBt. 801 W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551 THURSDAY, BEPT. 15, 1933. Member of United Press, Scrlppa-Howard Newapaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Assoelation, Newspaper Information Berries and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

payment now of funds promised them in 1945. The accrued interest on their bonus certificates, which they want now, does not exist and will not exist until the end of that period. But a moral right is higher than a legal right. Have they a moral right to the cash bonus? Certainly the able-bodied and employed veterans, who are the vast majority, have no moral right to a gift from the ts.xpayer. There is a moral right involved, but it is with the unemployed veterans—and non-veterans. What the veterans have a right to demand is that no one shall go hungry who is denied work through no fault of his own. It is just to ask the government and the hardpressed taxpayers to help all those victims of the depression. But it is rank injustice to propose taking funds which otherwise might be distributed to the hungry and give it instead to healthy and employed, and, in some cases, rich veterans. Unfortunately this issue has not been explained sufficiently to the rank and file of the veterans. Unfortunately the administration was too busy using the army against jobless veterans to explain to the veterans as a whole why the blanket cash bonus would not reach those who need it most. This morning President Hoover issued a clear and convincing statement on why the cash bonus can not be paid in advance. But it comes too late, and it comes from a man whom the veterans no longer feel they can trust. It is too late to change the legion vote. But it is not too late to prevent a similar vote by congress. Two Views of Public Utilities In Collier’s magazine, ex-President Coolidge expounds his view of our current public utility ownership and operation. To him these utilities are benign public servants that furnish indispensible service and offer securities which represent a safe and democratic investment for our populace. ‘‘One of the most important of these kinds of corporate property is represented by the public utilities. . . . We call them public utilities because they are dedicated to public' service. ... It is probable that these properties are owned directly or indirectly by more than seventy millions of our people. They represent an investment of many billions of dollars of the money of the people. ‘‘These vast properties are not operated for the benefit of private individuals. To be of any value, to earn any return on the money invested in them they do and must work for the public. “Their services are all subject to our order at any time without discrimination, at a price which our various governments fixed and judged to be fair.” Not a word do we get from Coolidge about the great holding companies which, according to Senator Norris, own and control some 84 per cent of our electric industry, are as unnecessary as a fifth wheel on an automobile, absorb profits made by the essential and commendable operating companies which they own, and produce high prices for electric light and power. One might suppose that Coolidge never had heard of the Electric Bond and Share Corporation or the Insull pyramids, and that he believes that the electric utilities are exclusively honorable and industrious, operating companies generating power directly for consumers and selling it on a cost plus reasonable profit basis. When we turn to an expert on public utilities, we get a much different picture. Witness Professor W. Z. Ripley’s article on “Public Utility Insecurities” in the Forum. Ripley does not indulge in any ranting or indiscriminate abuse. He recognizes that many electric utilities, especially operating companies, are relatively efficient, sound and reasonable. “I would not unnecessarily alarm. There is yet time, owing* to the inherent soundness and the lusty vigor of this great republic industry, to close the door against certain indirect practices. But it is high time that those who have the public welfare at heart should look alive. “Encouragement of such legislation as shall guard against recurrence of these evils becomes a matter of public duty.” Ripley finds two major evils in the electric utility organization of the country today: “First is the extraordinary development of the holding or finance corporation. Second is the complexity and elaboration of each separate financial set-up, not only of‘ paper corporations, but of the real operating companies as well.” - Perhaps Mr. Raskob could tell us if that famed sixty-day moratorium on debts applies to those of political parties. Some colleges require their students to play in athletic games—at many colleges, students merely try.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

WE have with us certain authorities who insist that a wife should be concerned with love alone and that her husband should be her sole interest in life. Now comes another, Professor John Erskine, who contradicts this: “A man always will love a woman more if she has some enthusiastic interesr apart‘from him. The wife who does nothing but love her man will drive him away by her possessiveness.” I feel sure that Professor Erskine is right. Men love to love, but they resent being loved too much. For women, therefore, the most difficult thing to achieve is moderation in marriage. The wife who assumes a pose of indifference, if nothing more, nearly always will manage to nold her husband better than the one who clings too fast. The latter gives a man an uncomfortable feeling of responsibility. He particularly dislikes this. Nor do I hold with the modernized Victorian who asserts that men appreciate adulation and reward it with undying affection, and that the happiest woman is she who lives only in the reflection of her husband and children. mam # THE family, of course, is the vital fact in life, but not the only fact. And men, like children, resent constant demands upon their affection. They want a certain amount of freedom and they should have it. Indeed, when it comes to love, I am not so sure that grandma was such a weak creature. Though she gets credit for being a clinging vine, she was in truth a very fcturdy and independent persons—perhaps the most independent of all generations of women. She was a tremendous factor in the successful evolution of a world from a wilderness. She was preoccupied with the tasks of pioneering, and had no time for whining or clinging. And she took her marriage in a sensible manner, expecting no miracles front either life or men. What’s more, she knew how to support herself and her children with her own hands, and she i.ever was 'shamed to do it.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

We Think Too Much of Political Changes and Not Enough of Economic, Industrial and Social Changes. NEW YORK, Sept. 15.—With Maine turned turtle, Cole Blease beaten in South Carolina, the right of Huey P. Bong to boss Louisiana a little morfe thoroughly established, and “Ma” Ferguson’s nomination confirmed by the Texas state Democratic convention, let’s quit talking politics for a day. There are lots of things going on besides the American campaign—things of deep and vital interest, not only to those directly concerned, but to large numbers of people. There are things in the making which .promise to have a much greater effect on the future than who is chosen to be the next President of the United States. Such things have been in the making ever since man gained the liberty and incentive to learn. We think too much of political changes; not enough of economic, industrial, and social changes. We think of statecraft as a cause, when it is a follow-up. We think of scientific knowledge as incidental, though it may destroy our trades, professions, or business enterprises before the year is out. We think of progress as wholly dependent on forms of government, in spite of the fact that its speed and direction often are determined by comparatively unknown men and seemingly inconsequential discoveries. Four Giant Corporations WE have four gigantic corporations in this country—General Motors, General Electric, A. T. & T. and United States Steel. They typify what we call the “new era.” They bespeak a great change not only ir. the development of industry, but in the lives and habits of average people. Not one of them had a basis, or excuse for existence, 100 years ago. The things they sell, the organization by which they function, the methods of production which they employ, were undreamed of by the world of Andrew Jackson. They are the by-products of inventiveness, mechanical power and, above all else, newly awakened desires and newly created needs. nun An Assassin Dies IN the cool twilight of Wednesday morning a man’s head was chopped off at Paris. He had killed the president of France, though for what reason nobody seems to know. His own explanations are so confused and incoherent as to be worthless. The man was a doctor. He might have prolonged many lives by sticking to his profession. Instead, he shortened one in obedience to some half-baked political idea. He was allowed only a few weeks to think it over, '.and then made to travel the road of his victim. Assassination is uncommon, but a lot of our political activities represent the same kind of futile nonsense in principle. Look for Something Soft WE are given brains with which to think, not so much for other people as to improve and make use of our own talents. We have come to regard politics as a gambling game, to be decided by ballots, a source of soft jobs to be gained through pull, a scheme of getting things for the party. That is not thinking, even in the simple field of objectives. Politics has just one excuse for existence, and that is to improve government, to provide better laws, and create a wiser administration of justice. This can not be done without serious study and serious thought, not with the idea of hurting somebody, or getting something good for one’s self, but for the purpose of helping through individual effort. That’s the way men in trade and professional life go at their work, and that is why they forever are producing results of real value. Look how the home, the highway, the manufacturing plant, the school, the hospital, have improved during the last half century. It has taken honest, conscientious work, made possible only by high ideals.

& T ?s<^ Y aWiversary

BULGARIANS DEFEATED Sept 15 ON Sept. 15, 1918, French and Serbian troops broke through the Bulgarian line of defenses m the Balkan peninsula and advanced rapidly into the second line of defenses. The situation of the Bulgarian army was critical at the end of the day’s fighting, a gap having been made between the First and Second aimy groups. American troops on the newly won front north of St. Mihiel continued to improve their positions and spent most of the day in a series of local attacks, designed to strengthen their positions. British and French forces pressed forward in Picardy, making important, though slight, gains.

Questions and Answers

Who is the Argentine ambassador to the United States and what is his address? Senor Dr. Fellipe A. Espil. The Argentine embassy is at 1600 New Hampshire avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. What is Neopolitan ice cream? A mold of from two to four different flavors or water Ices, arranged in layers. What is the valne of an 1872 dime? It is worth from 10 to 15 cents. Are yon allowed toshoot blackbirds in the city with BB guns while in your own yard? No. There is an ordinance prohibiting use of BB guns or any kind of firearms in the city limits. What is the smallest breed of dog? Yorkshire'terriers, some of which weigh only tea ounces.

Disturbing the Neighbors’ Rest

? 11 I .if //

9 Depression Hurts Health in Germany

BY DR. MORRIS FISIIBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. \ N investigation just made in Germany indicates the severe effects of the unemployment situation on the public health. Because of the lack of income, the nutritional condition of the poorer classes has suffered greatly. Indeed, the president of one of the largest insurance companies points out that people entering and homes for convalescents are found on admission to be in a physical condition corresponding to the worst seen since the World war. Some of the children who are admitted do not seem even to have heard previously of such a thing as an adequate warm meal. Apparently conditions are not so severe in Berlin as they are in other parts of Germany. The poor nu-

IT SEEMS TO ME

JULIUS CAESAR was under the impression that all Gaul was divided into three parts. The Roman conqueror lacked prophetic vision and could not foresee the campaign tactics of the Republican party in the year 1932 and the resultant unification. Word comes from Washington that President Hoover intends to say nothing more about Prohibition before election day, and as Howard Brubaker explains in the New Yorker: v “There are only two sides to the question and he has taken them both.” Nor is this the only instance in which the candidate has fought fiercely on two front. I suppose the most audacious of all the claims advanced in favor of the great engineer is the assertion that he alone recognizes the importance of the international factor in our ceonomic situation. The entire strategy of Herbert Hoover and his supporters is based upon the assumption that hardly a man now is alive who remembers what was said by the inspired leader in the year 1928. And the worst of it is that they are quite right. a a a Warming Over Spinach THE speeches of Herbert Hoover four years ago hardly were designed to endure through the ages. But it is a little surprising that they were so transient that even Mr. Hoover himself does not seem to remember what he said. We are told now that the hammer blows which prevented the early return of good times under Republican leadership came from abroad. Europe, in a somewhat malicious way, went broke and in falling tripped Harold K. Prosperity who, believe it or not, was standing on a street corner waiting for a trolley. When Mr. Prosperity was revived later in the hospital he declared that he was just on his way to the Hoover home when he became involved with the ailing aliens. Now that might be a most convincing story if it were not set along-side declarations made by Mr. : Hoover himself in 1928. At that time he was not in the least worried about hard times across the water. In fact, the candidate took great delight in one certain speech in which he named the amount of butter an American workingman could buy each year and contrasted that with the meager dab which fell within the cdfcacity of the foreign laborer. It was all done with tariffs. It always had been and always would be. Indeed, there was the distipct intimation that the woeful state of the world beyond our doors in some way contributed to our own well being. We were invited to look down from the golden bar of our heavenly estate and contemplate with satisfaction the plight of thpse who knew not Hoover and the benefits of Republican rule. a a a He Knew AH Along BUT now it develops that our President was internationallyminded from the beginning, and 'that he always feared the mistakes of foreign rulers might interfere with his own well-conceived plans for the atxSition of poverty. It seems rather a pity that Mr.

trition is found much more often in women than in men, because the women deprive themselves of food during the time of scarcity so the men who work and the children may have it. Notwithstanding the poor nutrition, however, there are certain other factors of the unemployment situation that seem to be of value to health. The person who is out of employment is able to spend more time in the open air and can get all the sleep and rest he needs. Apparently the undernutrition due to unemployment has not progressed sufficiently to show a definite effect on the rates for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is distinctly a disease associated with undernutrition. The tuberculosis rates for Germany have been showing a constant trend downward, and this downward trend has not been modified by the unemployment situation.

Hoover took nobody into his confidence at the time. Or at the very least, he might set down upon paper his clear conception of what the future had in store and then wrapped it up in a parcel plainly labeled “Not to be opened till Christmas.” As it happens, we have nothing now but the presidential assurance that he knew it all along. And in accepting that we are moved to worry as to all present presidential palmistry. When the great engineer gazes into’the crystal and tells us, as he has done within the last few days, that the worst is over as long as we follow him, just what are we to believe? Is this for once a genuine forecast of the future or is the kind gentleman merely telling us what he thinks we would like to hear? u a u Getting at the Meaning IN 1928 they told us that Herbert Hoover, for all his qualities of heart and intellect, was a plain, blunt man whose words meant precisely what they said. Now a different conception is offered. The man is deep, and Shallow thinkers can not appreciate what Hoover has done and intends to do. An appeal is made to the crossword, cryptograph and Sunday puz-

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—l am a subscriber to The Times, and I read the pros and cons that appear each day. It is quite interesting to note in the editorials and People’s Voice what is said about this coming corkscrew campaign. Yes, indeed, I have read the planks in the two parties. And a careful reader can see the regular old-fashioned political bunk in both of them. But I like the Democrats for saying in straightforward fashion what they stand'for. As to the corkscrew bunk in regard to prohibition in the two parties, the difference is not hard to see. The Republicans propose to continue the power of the federal government to prevent the return of the old saloon in wet states. The Democrats merely would urge the wet states to prevent the return of the saloon. If this is not corkscrew bunk personified, words are not to be found. Surely Jim Watson had something to do with wording these planks, for they both ring like old Jim. But such bunk never is convincing to thoughtful people, but goes strong wdth the great unthinking masses, and is likely to swing the election to the Democrats in November. The rich wets in both parties have thrust this corkscrew campaign upon the voters in this country to grind the poor man who loves the glass, so they may clip more coupons. But be assured, now and forever, that while they propose their gold-digging devices to rob the poor, the God of mercy will raise up a people that will dispose the nets of these corkscrewers. Repeal the eighteenth amendment, and the brew r er’s limousine will solve our moot questions. Just give them a chance. Down the throats will go the all. Then the editors of these wet pa-

There seems to be reason to believe, however, that longcontinuance may result in an eventual upward trend of the rates for tuberculosis. The unemployment situation has affected particularly those towns and districts where there were extensive tobacco industries. These factories had to shut down early, because of the strict limitations placed ori the ipiportation of foreign tobacco. In these districts, however, the change in conditions brought about by more living in the open air seems to have been of benefit to public health rather than, for the present, the causes of any serious harm. Reports from Germany indicate that, taking the public as a whole, the present state of nutrition of the German people is not unfavorable, although if present conditions continue, the reverse may become true.

KV HEYWOOD 151 BROUN

zle vote. We are asked to supply the missing phrases in all presidential proclamations. The winner of the first prize will be allowed to toss a medicine ball at the President. One of the most ingenious contests ever offered to the electorate is the Republican prohibition plank. You are asked to take the letters contained in this statement and see how many words and principles you can evolve from the mess. Charlie Curtis, an educated Indian living in Kansas, solved the puzzle in four minutes and ten seconds. He got the word “dry” out of it. But I do not think Mr. Curtis will win a prize and be allowed to toss the medicine ball. In the first place, “dry” is a three-letter word and should not count. Besides, Mr. Mills, dealing with the same material, has made it spell “wet,” “arid,” “damp,” “bone-dry,” “repeal,” “revision,” “enforcement,” “modification" and “flapdoodle.” (Copyright. 1932. by The Times)

Daily Thoughts

In the multitude of counsellor!, there is safety.—Proverbs 9:14. The worst men often give the best advice.—Bailey.

pers can park their cars anywhere, The wets tell us that honest men are being made into bootleggers by the eighteenth amendment, but they forget that the government’s report shows that there were more than 2,000 blind tigers in the city of Pittsburgh before national prohibition. And Philadelphia had more than 4,000 selling their wares. And they tell us that it takes $200,000,000 to enforce prohibition laws, but they fail to tell the public that the government has collected in fines and revenues more than $450,000,000. The argument of the wets teminds me of the big copper cents .we used to put in vinegar to make a solution to kill ivy poisoning, the way the battle is waging for a glass of beer and two fingers of whisky, forgetting how John Barleycorn served Robby. In conclusion, let me say that no man will receive my vote -to bring back these hell-holes again. I know something about them. So here’s hoping long life to you and your great paper, and may your shadow never grow less in the cause of humanity and its morality. Seymour, Ind. J. H. JONES, M. D. Editor Times—We were greatly interested m and pleased with your thoughtful editorial of Sept. 1, ‘ What Arc Essentials?” Os course, every one’who is wrapped up in hjs work naturally considers it an essential. In this case we hold that the work of the department of conservation Is essential to the welfare of the people. In a few weeks we will close the fiscal year with somewhat of a proof that the work has been appreciated by the citizens. , _ In the division of lanfljf and waters, for example, which last year

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those ol one o( America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

_SEPT. 15, 1932

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ—

Universities Join to Build Second Largest Telescope in the World. AN 80-inch reflecting telescope is to be built under a Joint arrangement between the University of Chicago and the University of Texas, it just has been announced. The telescope will be the second largest in the world. At the present time, the largest telescope in the world is the 100-inch reflector at the Mt. Wilson observatory. The second largest is the 72-inch reflector at the Dominion Astrophysical observatory at Victoria, B. C. The third largest is the 69-inch reflector at the Perkins observatory at Ohio Weslesyan university, Delaware, O. Announcement that construction of the 80-inch reflector will be undertaken immediately is made by Frederick Woodward, vicq-president of the University of Chicago. Under the agreement, the University of Texas will build and maintain the observatory, while the University of Chicago will provide the director and staff of observers. Asa result, the University of Chicago, which now operates the Yerkes observatory, will abandon its original plan of building a second observatory somewhere in the south. The announcement from the University of Chicago calls the new plan a “significant new form of scientific co-operation, which will, by conservative estimate, save the waste of approximately $1,000,000 by eliminating duplication of equipment.” n n t$ McDonald Observatory THE announcement from the University of Chicago says: “The University of Texas received by bequest of the late William J. McDonald, a distinguished Texan, a sum now slightly in excess of $840,000, to erect and maintain an astronomical observatory. “The observatory will be known as the ‘W. J. McDonald observatory of the University of Texas,” and will cost, including site, buildings and equipment, approximately $375,000. Its completion is scheduled for July 1, 1938. “Dr. Otto Struve, director of the Yerkes observatory of the University of Chicago at Williams Bay, Wis., also is to become director of the McDonald observatory. “Tire University of Chicago is to pay the salaries of Dr. Struve, an assistant director, who will have a permament residence at the McDonald observatory, at least two observing assistants, and the necessary maintenance staff. “The University of Texas has agreed to set up a maintenance and publications fund, and the University of Chicago also is to provide for certain operating such as photographic materials. a a tt Resources Pooled “ A S a result of the co-operative A. undertaking,” the announcement continues, “plans of the University of Chicago to build an observatory and powerful reflecting telescope in one of the southern states have been abandoned. “Although the forty-inch refracting telescope of the Yerkes observatory of the University of Chicago is unexcelled for certain types of astronomical research, another instrument was required if the Chicago astronomers were to develop the modern research in the field of astrophysics in which Yerkes has been a pioneer. “Initiating negotiations to avoid duplication that would result should the two universities undertake independent observatories, President Robert Maynard Hutchins of the University pf Chicago received so co-operative a response from President H. Y. Benedict of the University of Texas that a basis for the agreement was established quickly. “The pooling of resources enables the University of Texas to concentrate on erection of the observatory, while the University of Chicago, free of the necessity of building another telescope and observatory of its own, will be able to devote its resources in astronomy to maintaining the best available staff for both the Yerkes and McDonald observatories. “The economy of the arrangement permits constructing for the McDonald observatory one large telescope. “Had the two universities developed their plans independently, the burden of construction ar.d maintenance would not have permitted their building an instrument as large as the eighty-inch now agreed upon.”

cared for about 1,300,000 visitors in the various parks, including state forests and hatcheries, we had to be prepared to meet a decrease, owing to the prevailing unfortunate conditions. Instead of that, we most likely will finish with a 10 per cent increase of visitors. We believe that the facilities offered for plain and healthful recreati'-- were needed by this great throng, and we are happy in the thought that in some small way we were permitted to help other folks at least temporarily over the trials and tribulations of the day. Indeed, man liveth not of bread alone. RICHARD LIEBER, Director, Department of Conservation. Editor Times—Your recent editorial in regard to adult education in this city performed a distinct service to the community in focusing public attention upon this necessity. Isn't there some way in which the school board might offer evening courses of study to th? people of this city at the bare cost of operation, which would be paid by the students of such night school? Couldn’t the expenses of the night schools of other years be analyzed in such manner as to provide a tuitional rate to be borne by the students, which would defray the expenses of such institution, and still fulfill the need at a smaller cost than those business and technical schools which are privately owned, and which return a generous profit for their private owners? I do not know whether mock institution could be crested, but fe offers one seemingly feasible solution to the adult educational sdtttf.tion. JACK WHITE.