Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 101, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 September 1932 — Page 4

PAGE 4

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Deflated Schools

Today the hoys and girls who will determine what society will be thirty years hence, go hack to the school rooms. They will feel, to some extent, the effect of depression. For the schools are being deflated under the pressure of big taxpayers who find economy necessary. Wages of teachers will be reduced. There will be fewer janitors. There will be a trimming of expense for materials. There may be a shorter school year. The one place where there will be no reductions in cost will be in the interest due on debts. That charge remains stable. The big deflation comes in the abandonment of the night and adult schools. These schools were most important. They gave hope to those compelled by misfortune to leave school at an early age. They served a more useful purpose than some of the other activities. At the same time, the funds for library work are curtailed and some branches may be shut down. That means that those w'ho spend their enforced leisure in improving their minds will be forced to other means of filling in the idle hours. The night school and the library must be maintained, if not through public taxes, then by a volunteer organization that will work without pay and carry on these enterprises. The school board may find a way to give the use of school buildings for night schools and as social centers. There are certainly many men and women in this city who are capable of conducting classes who would welcome the chance to work without pay in order that those boys and girls who desire more knowledge and education may not be disappointed. Is there not some leader in this city who will take up this job of organizing these forces ? If the school rooms are not available, the churches might well open their doors for community classes. At no time in history is the night school so important. Feople must find some way to spend their time. There are many who can not afford the price of ordinary and usual forms of entertainment, to say nothing of self improvement. Here is a chance for some citizen to make himself immortal by inflating the schools back to their old standards. The night school must be retained and can be. This is the day to learn the meaning of co-operation.

Then and Now One of the mast effective modes of campaigning for the Democrats this year will be to present comparable passages from Hoover’s speeches in 1928 and those which he gives in this campaign. How effective this contrast may prove is well revealed by the “new leader,” in holding up for public view the tenor of his acceptance speech on Aug. 11, 1928, and that which he gave on Aug. 11, 1932. In 1928 he said: “Commerce and industry have revived ... the hours of labor have decreased ... the job of every man has been made more secure ... the poorhouse is vanishing from among us . . . there is no guarantee against poverty equal to a job for every man. “That is the primary purpose of the economic policies we advocate ... I would use my office and Influence to give the farmer the full benefit of our historic tariff policy ... at one time we demanded for our workers a “full dinner pail.” Now we have gone far beyond that conception ... no one rightly can deny the fundamental correctness of our economic system.” In 1932 he set for the following complete reversal of the tune he had played four years earlier; “The last three years have been years of greater suffering and hardship than any which have come to the American people since the aftermath of the Civil war . . . We have created vast agencies for employment . . . The farm board emergency loans to the farmers' co operatives served to stem the panics in agricultural prices . . . We must preserve the fundamental principles of our social and our economic system. “It is only upon individual responsibility that accrue the great sums of individual accomplishment which carry this nation forward . . . We have enacted many measures of emergency relief to agriculture. They are having effect . . . Today millions of our fellow countrymen are out of work. Prices of the farmers’ products are below a living standard.” There is every prospect that the same deadly contrasts will be offered to the Democrats for the picking in any address which Mr. Hoover can make between now and November.

Death Traps Contrary to general belief, those agencies of massacre known as grade crossings are on the increase in the United States. According 10 Milton W. Harrison, head of the Railway Security Owners' Association, there were 7,927 more of them in 1930 than in 1924. This, in spite of the fact that the railroads themselves in those years spent $166,000,000 in grade crossing elimination. On interstate steam railroads, only 361 crossings fcere eliminated in 1931, compared with 403 in 1930. A report of the interstate commerce commission reveals that last year 1.811 persons were killed and 4,657 Were injured seriously in grade crossing accidents. A number of states have set about to make their highways safer through grade separation programs. New York, under Governor A1 Smith, bonded itself for SIOO.OOOOOO for this purpose and each year builds twenty to thirty grade separations. Pennsylvania and California have done splendid work. The Wisconsin program of Governor La Follette has been an object lesson in the sane economies of this type of public works. The La Follette highway program of 1931 included provision for advancing the normal grade crossing jk’ork of three years into one. It was financed on a

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) ° W 0 n ,7 1 00,!’ It-® u ,. b, >* hed dl, y (except Sunday) by The Indlenapoll* Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 \\ est Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Priee j n Marion County 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cent* a week. Mail subscriptlon rate" in Indiana. 13 a year; outside of Indiana, 5 cents a month. BOi ' , i.i i .P RLET - ROi ' W. HOWARD. EARL D."BAKER Edltor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551 TUESDAY. BEPT. 8. _1932. Member of United Press, SJcrlppg-Howarrl Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

fifty-fifty basis with the railroads, but the state loaned the railroads the money. Whereas eighty-four people were killed in Wisconsin grade crossing accidents in 1930, only forty-two were killed in 1931, Beside cutting the death rate in half, the program found jobs for 11,000 people and made traffic easier and faster. According to Governor La Follette, grade crossing elimination ranks second only to reforestation as a job provider for the unemployed. In this work more of the money invested goes into wages than in any other public works, except tree planting. The job primarily is up to the states. The government provides for such work in its federal aid road contracts, but no loans for this purpose are forthcoming from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. States may profit from the experience of New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, and find here quick dividends in jobs, in faster travel, and in salvaged life and limb. The Hungry Child “All theories must give way in the presence of a hungry child.” No better statement of the needs of the present unemployment relief yet has been made. This is the sentiment impelling Newton D. Baker and the others in charge of the national welfare and relief mobilization, whose job it is to provide food, clothing and shelter for some 25.000.000 men, women and children this winter. There are other better ways to do this job than through private charity; there should be greater federal contributions; there must be fundamental changes, so that this crisis can not develop again; the system somehow must be revamped to prevent such suffering as has occurred these three years, and will continue to occur until good times return; man's ma-chine-made leisure somehow must be made profitable in ways other than financial. But these things have to do with theories. Meantime, need must be met, want satisfied. “All theories must give way in the presence of a hungry child.” Labor’s New Front In days of American industry’s infancy, a group of Massachusetts employers drew up a manifesto against the new labor unions that were bothering them. These workers, they declared, were banding “to the dishonor of God, the scandal of the Scriptures and the grief of divers of God’s people.” On Monday, some 4.000.000 American unionists celebrated their annual Labor day in a much more hospitable atmosphere. The present hour is dark, with millions of workers’ families penniless and suffering. But labor’s more courageous leaders know that what has been won for the masses in the past is as nothing to what will be won in the coming struggle for a better life. And. in contrast with their early status of outlaws, American unions today are armed with a measure conferring upon them the dignity of governmental approval and protection, the Norris-La Guardla act, that has been called “Labor’s New Magna Charta.” The American Federation of Labor is only fifty years old. In this half-century its battles, bitter and often bloody, have been fought chiefly for three simple ends—the right to organize, better working conditions and a living wage. From now on the struggle enters a bigger and more difficult phase. Union laoor's new front in this country may be said to have five salients. These are: 1. An “economic wage.” This goes beyond the mere minimum comfort standard. The new wage theory holds that industry itself in the machine age will suffer unless the workers, as industry's chief customers, are paid real wages that increase with industry's productivity. 2. Hours of labor to fit industry's capacity to hire. Realizing that even after the depression millions will remain jobless by reason of new inventions, the A. F. of L. officially indorses the five-diy week. A universal six-hour day, it is claimed, would put to work all the “technologically unemployed” 3. National planning. Organized labor indorses the La Follette bill for a national planning council, and argues that, unless industry brings production and consumption into proper harmony, hard times will recur. 4. Security reserves.’ Labor insists that industry set aside some of its profits for protection of the workers against old age, sickness, accidents and unemployment. 5. A share in management. The Amalgamated Workers, railway shopmen and other progressive unions are working out systems of employe-man-agement co-operation, ■with success. But, above all, labor will fight for the inalienable right to work. Intelligent capital also will fight side by side with labor to conquer the great scourge of unemployment.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson THE period of what we are told to call “economic stress" has worked many a hardship upon us. It has decreased the value of securities, lowered the price of stocks, ruined real estate markets, bankrupted the farmer, wrecked the small business man. impoverished the millionaire and put the Republican party in a very uncomfortable position. Even so, it has not been altogether an ill wind. For it also has punctured many a ballooned ego and deflated many a stuffed shirt. Nine-tenths of all political oratory has become in the ears of the voters as “sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal.” The experts, both financial and economic. have shrunk to mere figurines. The boosters have been silenced, and the 100 per centers are heard no more. The bricklayer has become a more worthy citizen, in the general estimation, than the bond salesman, and we have transferred our suspicions from the Vatican to Wall Street. But most glorious of all in this: The professional reformer fast is reaching a state of obsolescence. • m m IF. therefore, in the now rosier gleaming future, we shall have rid ourselves forever of the blatant mucker who went about disguised as our savior, it never can be said that we have not profited by our sufferings. For those who fattened on our pocketbooks. while (hey looked after our morals, are retiring into oblivion. The Ku-Klux Klanner has folded his sheet away, now that money is scarcer. • And the Anti-Saloon leaders, whose large salaries have ceased, are less voluble than of yore. Promoters and fakirs, politicians and false prophets have subsided. The American citizen of depression days is not so gullible and recognizes more easily the brand of nonsense fed to him by the hypocrites and the highbinders. He is a poorer but wiser man.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

-.Says:

Al Smith Appears to Hold Roosevelt's Fate in His Hand in New England. BOSTON. Sept. 6 —From a Democratic standpoint, former Governor Alfred E. Smith holds the key to New England. At all events, that is the almost unanimous opinion of men with whom I have talked. They say the national ticket will be deserted by thousands unless Smith comes out in its behalf. While unwilling to predict that his support woufd insure victory in any state, they do not hesitate to prophesy defeat without it. This is one point on which Republicans and Democrats seem to agree. I have met no Democrat who admits that he will scratch the national ticket. On the other hand, I have met none who doubts that many will. There is no evidence of an organized bolt or anything like it. Indeed, there isn’t much to go on save coversation as to what other folks will do. About the only thing one can be sure of is that Smith has a tremendous influence in this section and that his silence is having a marked effect. # tt u Bay State Doubtful NEW ENGLAND is normally Republican, though Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut occasionally jump the fence. Smith carried Massachusetts four years ago. It was the first time that state had gone Democratic in a presidential election for many years. The belief is quite general that he could have carried it this year. Whether Roosevelt can carry it, even with Smith’s active support, is widely questioned. The same condition prevails in Rhode Island, though with even less favorable Democratic prospects. Most, if not all, the leaders are apparently loyal, but in a discouraged. hand-shaking sort of way, one constantly is running into side remarks about “Bryan and ’96,” about Roosevelt’s poor health and the possibility of Garner becoming President, about Walker and w r hat Tammany is going to do. n u a Maine May Switch STRANGE to relate, Maine stands out as a possible exception to: the prevailing attitude. There are those who think Maine will go Democratic, regardless of Smith, or precedent. I am not one. I was born in Maine. At the same time, it is obvious that prospects of repealing the eighteenth amendment have intrigued Maine people. Just why, is something of a mystery, Whether they are prepared to abandon prohibition all the way through, or merely want to get rid of the competition in bootlegging, nobody seems to know. They are making enough noise in favor of the Democratic repeal plank, however, to scare the Republicans. a Walker Case to Fore AS might be expected, the Walker case is coming in for a lot of discussion, though in a confused, prejudiced way. The idea that Smith and Walker have something in common appears to have taken quite a hold in and around Boston. No doubt, this is because of the imagined bread between Smith and Roosevelt. New England evidently needs some enlightenment as to the more intimate details of New York politics. A real Tammany leader would get the shock of his life by taking to some of that institution's admirers in this section. So would Alfred Emanuel Smith. It seems to be taken for granted that Smith was sacrificed to satisfy the southern element, that Walker was about to be sacrificed to help the national ticket, and that none other than John Nance Garner, under the guidance of William Gibbs McAboo, was prize villain. According to some of the assertions I have heard, it was Garner who caused Texas* to go Republican in 1928 and who now is being rewarded for his services. It's certainly astonishing what misinformation political bias can manufacture. Questions and Answers From what story was the motion picture, “Broken Melody,” taken? A story published under a French title, translated, “The Man I Killed,” by Maurice Rostand. What is the official American woman's record for the 50-yard dash? Five and 4-5 seconds, made by Elizabeth Robinson of Chicago, on July 27, 1929. In which of Shakespeare’s plays is the. word, “honorificabilitudinitatibus”? “Love’s Labor Lost,” Act V, Scene 1, line 44. Does atmosphere ever Contain salt? Over oceans and along sea coasts It does. When is the festival of the French Saint Louis celebrated? May 27.

From Gutter or Home? Are ?our boys and girls learning the facts of sex from the gutter with all its filthy and perverted ideas, or are they getting these facts straight from father or mother? It may mean all the difference between clean, healthful manhood and womanhood for your boy or girl, or a ruined life. Our Washington bureau has ready for you—mother and father—a brief but comprehensive and authoritative bulletin, containing material drkwn from United States government sources—that will tell you exactly how to go about telling your children the facts of sex and life. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE—— Department 192, Washington Bureau. The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin. Teaching Children the Facts of Sex, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and Number • City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

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' Nudism Is Not Answer to Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine. GRADUALLY, in various parts of the world, groups of people are being formed who feel that good health and proper enjoyment of life depend on living without clothing. In Germany there aue immense numbers of these nudist cults or groups, and also in Belgium, and in Greece. In the United States the number is much smaller, some being located in California, and one, at least, in New York. Some cities have established segregated sun bathing areas; for example, St. Petersburg, Fla. From the point of view of edu-

IT SEEMS TO ME

IHOPE the voters of California will send the Republican candidate rather than the Democratic nominee to the senate. The fact that Mr. McAdoo is not a politician whom I adore will be less than a major issue in the controversy. But California does owe a duty to the country at large in making a choice, and more particularly should it seize upon the chance to give a break to headline writers and paragraphers. A stateman named Tallant Tubbs is too euphonious to be returned to private life. To be sure, it may be argued on the other side that the gentleman's presence in the senate may lead to punning of a primitive and quite unworthy sort. Sooner or later, somebody will play around with the idea of framing a line to include that ancient searcher for an honest man and the newcomer in the national legislature. “Diogenes had his tub, and now the United States Senate is prepared to go him one better.” nun Just Warming Up THAT isn't offered, of course, as the finished product, but only as source material. Thinking aloud, as it were. And naturally we will see headlines such as “Tubbs Against Wash Sales.” I don’t suppose there's a man named Bushel running for congress in any state, is there? I'm afraid not. The only political Bushel I know is Hymie Bushel, who was once a temporary city magistrate. But I haven't heard of any current boom to name him for anything. It’s rather a pity. It would give people a chance during the next four years to work up something about hiding a Tallant under a Bushel. I’m afraid I’ve mixed up my biblical allusion, come to think of it. Now that I mull it over, it was a light which was hidden under a bushel and the talent was WTapped in a napkin. And there’s very small chance that a Mr. Napkin ever will be elected to anything. But I don’t think paragraphers should ask too much. They should be content with the opportunity to which it has pleased California to call them. And it isn't going to be so tough

Tough Going

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

cation of children in morals or for any other purpose, nudism may be all right, but so far as is known from the scientific point of view, there is no special reason for removing all the clothing to be healthful. Indeed, experts in treatment by ultraviolet feel that it is not wise to expose all the body at one time in the majority of cases, preferring rather to use certain areas of the skin from time to time and gradually working up to exposure of most of the body. Effects of the ultra-violet are not only on the skin, but obviously on what the blood takes from the skin. Furthermore, simple tanning of the body is not an especially healthful performance. If the human body happens to

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

for the light versifiers, either. "Tallant” and “gallant,” “Tubbs” and “dubs.” Popular songs have been built around a great deal less than that. And the business from which the prospective senator springs is also no handicap at all. “California has nominated a rope manufacturer for the senate. We hope he gives his colleagues enough.” That could be worked into something with time and a little polish. tt tt Chance for Wit and Humor EVEN if defeated, the big hemp and oakum man well may pass from the picture to the tune of something awfully clever. Did I hear anybody remark, “As for instance?” Well, suppose along about midnight of Election day the head of the copy desk leaned down from his throne and said; “It looks like McAdoo's in. Will you give me an eight-column line for the next edition?” I am aware, of course, that the man should have said “as if” and that there is no* sanction for the use of "like” as a conjunction. But we will assume that excitement ran high in the city room and that the head of the copy desk came from the south. At any rate, one of the bright young men on the desk receives the order for the eight-column line and pauses for no more than a fraction of a second before writing,

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—l' have read on this page some articles written on the cause, the why and wherefore of the present business depression. The real cause of the depression has been the exploitation of the laboring class by the capitalist. They who produce nothing receive the lion's share of the commodities produced by sweat and labor of the masses. The only value any commodity has is the value of the labor expended to produce it. To illustrate, we will take the manufacture of a stove. All the material needed to produce a stove or any commodity is furnished by nature. In this instance it is iron ore. Iron ore has no value in the ground, but when it is brought to the surface of the earth it has value. The value of it then is only the value of the labor which was expended in mining it. , Now the capitalist comes in. He has paid a miner a wage, we will say $5. the actual value of the ore. When the capitalist sells this ore he adds to it a surplus of, let us say $2.50, that is. he sells the ore for which the miner was paid $5 for $7.50. The capitalist who buys this ore will change it from iron ore to pig iron. He probably will pay his laborer $5. The value of the iron to him is only what he paid for it plus the labor expended in change the ore to pig iron, that is $7.50 cost plus $5 labor, or 512.50. In turn, he wii' add a surplus to this, again let us say $2 50, when he sells it to the manufacturer of stoves. This manufacturer of stoves or capitalist pays sls for the iron. In changing the commodity from pig iron to a stove, let us again say the laborer again is paid $5, but

have a weak heart or an infectious disease, tanning is not necessarily going to reach either of these disturbances. Medical opinion never has doubted the value of outdoor living and of sunlight. However, it is not necessary, if one wishes to obtain the best effects of either outdoor life or sunlight to expose all the body; neither is it necessary, from the medical point of view, that men, women and children of all ages and states of society assemble naked in one group. In fact, the less crowded the surroundings, the more sunlight is likely to reach the individual who wants it, and the better chance one has to enjoy the restful quiet which is one of the chief benefits of outdoor holidays.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

“TALLANT TUBBS, HIS TOE HE STUBS.” By a still further happy coincidence the Republican rope manufacturer from San Francisco is running on a platform of “Repeal the Eighteenth Amendment.” That, of course, makes the slogan easy. “Tubbs Is Wet.” He probably will go well beyond the Chicago platform. I wouldn't be at all surprised to see him come out for light twines. n a Crying Behind the Smiles IF up to this point the column seems to have a forced and almost hysterical note of humor I can explain everything. I am trying to hide the fact that the returns from the primary election in California included one item of singularly, bad news from the point of view of this writer. It seems my mother-in-law is not going to the senate this year. She made an excellent showing, in spite of the fact that she had no campaign fund or organization. Still I must confess disappointment that Annie Riley Hale failed to win the Democratic nomination for United States senator. I would like to see my mother-in-law in the senate. I think that’s a rather universal sentiment. Every New Yorker I know who has a mother-in-law would be enthusiastic about having her sent to Washington. (Comright. 1932. bv The Times)

this manufacturer in turn again adds a surplus, w-e will again say $2.50, making the final selling price of the stove $22.50. Let us see what has happened. • There have been three different labor operations, each of which was paid ss®or a total of sls. The finished product is to be sold back to the laborer at $22.50; therefore, three capitalists who have done no labor or no constructive work are realizing a profit of $2.50 each, or a total of $7.50. . This means that the laborers, to i buy back tfieir product, must pro- . duce one and one-half stoves, or give back to the capitalist one-half of their products, thereby increasing the capitalist's supply of stoves and diminishing their own purchasing power. By this method we have what the capitalists of today say is over-production, but which really is underconsumption, because the laborer must buy back that which he produces. This means that we have production for the profit of a few instead of for the use of all. If the inverse were true, that is, production for the use of all instead of for the profits of a few. we would have universal prosperity now and forever. This ideal is advocated in its true form only by the Socialist party. A vote for Thomas and Maurer is a vote to bring back to the masses of people their real rights which they have so freely given to the two parties of capitalism in the past. These two parties to the present date have done nothing to relieve the so-called forgotten man, but they really are about to crush all rights of the people. J. J. H. Is the interest from nontaxable bonds subject to federal income tax? No.

.SEPT. B, 1032

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ

Notable Rooks Ushered in New Eras in Astronomy, Biology and Geology. BOOK- MAKING h/u played an important part in man's uni-verse-making down through the ages. Fundamentally, it was scientific discovery which advanced man’s knowledge of the universe, but discoveries did not have their full effect until they had been broadcast through the medium of publication. Consequently, we can trace the record of man’s universe-making through a succession of notabl* - books. The modern phase of the story begins with the revival of learning which followed the end of the Middle Ages. It was a time of exploration in every field. Columbus and the other voyagers of the Atlantic were paralleled by those who sailed intellectual seas in search oFnew knowledge of the universe. The year 1543 usnered in the era of modern science with the publication of two books. Latin, of course, was the language of the day, and so both books had long Latin titles. One book was the work of a Polish savant named Nikolaus Copernicus. The title of his book was “De Revolutionibus Orbium Caclestium. that is. "Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies.” The other book was the work of a Belgian surgeon named Andreas \ esalius. The title of his book was “De Humani Corporis Fabrica," that is, “The Anatomy of the Human Body.”

Old Authority BOTH books broke down ancient authority, which had ruled for centuries. Until the publication of Copernicus' book, the world had accepted the Ptolemaic theory which regarded the earth as the center of the universe. According to the Ptolemaic theory, the earth was surrounded bv a series of concentric spheres. The first held the moon, the second the sun; the third. Mercury; the fourth Venus; the fifth, Mars; the sixth! Jupiter, and the seventh Saturn. The Copernican system demoted the earth from its place as the center of the universe to that of one of a number of planets which revolved around the sun. While Copernicus was upsetting the authority of Ptolemy, Vesalius was doing the same thing for Galen. Until the time of Vesalius, the medical schools of the world taught human anatomy from Galen's text Galen had lived many ceutries before, from about 130 to 200 A. D. A Greek by birth, he had become the physician of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius of Rome. Like the other teachers of his day, Vesalius taught from Galen's old text. But Vesalius insisted upon making his own dissections and time and time again he found that the evidence before his eyes denied what Galen had said. In the end, he threw Galen's text aside and proceeded to write his own “Fabrica.” a u u Geology Begins MODERN astronomy began with Copernicus; modern biology had its beginning with Vesalius. But the world had to wait two and a half centuries for the beginning of geology, another one of the sciences which contributes to our present understanding of the universe. Again, it was the publication of a book which ushered in the new era. In 1795, James Hutton, a Scotchman, published his “Theory of the Earth With Proofs and Illustrations.” Hutton’s work was established more .firmly a few years later when Professor John Playfair, in 1802, published another book titled “Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory.” Still more evidence was added by a British engineer. William Smith, who worte “Strata Identified by Organized Fossils.” • Hutton established the foundation of modern geology, namely, that the past history of the earth must be explained in terms of the forces which now can be seen at work in the earth. All sciences today find their unity in the atomic theory, and modern scientists turn to atomic phenomena as the final explanation of what happens in the distant stars as well as on earth. It was in 1808 that the modern atomic theory had its beginnings, with the publication of John Dalton’s “New System of Chemical Philosophy.” Dalton was a Quaker schoolmaster of Manchester, England. If you like to remember dates, three worth adding to your list are 1543. 1795 and 1808. They mark important steps in man’s understandings of the universe.

M TODAY $9 / WORLD WAR \ anniversarV GREAT GERMAN RETREAT September 6. ON Sept. 6, 1913, the German forces on the western front b*egan a retreat on a front of more than ninety miles, with allied forces in constant pursuit. The retirement all along the line was carried out under heavy artillery fire, and the coolness and precision of the movement was remarkable under the circumstances. French soldiers occupied Ham and Chauny and advanced to a total depth of more than six miles east of the Canal du Nord. British forces advanced as much as seven miles on a twelve-mile front and Americans, more stubbornly opposed, gained five miles. The American troop transport Mt. Vernon w.as torpedoed off the French coast, but was able to make port under her own steam. Thirty-five members of the crew were killed. j Daily Thoughts Thy mercy, O Lord, is in the heavens; and thy faithfulness reaeheth unto the clouds.— Psalms 36:5. Youth without faith is a day without sun.—Ouida.