Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 100, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 September 1932 — Page 4

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labor’s Day In other years, - this day set aside by law for labor, working men marched in celebration of their victories over unfair wages and unfair conditions. Speakers pointed with pride to the rise in the standards of living, of education and of culture. They prophesied an era when drudgery would be abolished, when the worker would live without fear, in comfort nr.d in the enjoyment of all the luxuries made possible by science, invention and machinery. Today millions of men and women who want to work are denied the right to work. Their families live upon the crusts of charity and doles. They find the schools being reduced in efficiency, branch libraries closed, even churches struggling for existence. On every hand are the natural resources and the Jnachinery to accomplish the mast extravagant dream pf any labou leader of two decades ago. There is machinery, unfortunately idle, that could turn out enough clothing for the millions who now War patches or rags. The granaries are filled to overflowing--and yet there is hunger. The railway yards are filled with cold engines and leniply cars waiting to bring the products of the farm to the city and the products of the factory to the faim. Great cement highways stretch, in a network, prross the land for the convenience of the modern fniracle of the automobile—and the automobile factories are reduced to a small percentage of their capacity production, all of which coulcj be used and (enjoyed by human beings. There is no lack of either the tools of production or the raw materials. Thousands upon thousands of builders are idle and families crowd together in slums or uncomfortable dwellings. The youth who has spent his four years in college and university, training for the tasks of leadership, finds himself denied the opportunity to use his knowledge. The big tragedy is that the high living standards peached by this country through invention, science, machinery, is being deflated even more than prices Pf commodities and stocks. This Labor Day might well be used for a serious tonsideration of the conditions and a search for a Bolution that would end the intolerable, useless, senseless and thoroughly evil paradox. For unless the solution is found, all the traditional bights of mankind wTitten into the charter of human liberty will disappear. The right to life means the right to a decent living. The right of liberty means freedom from fear pt pauperism and of dependence. The pursuit of happiness becomes impossible for the man in bondage to conditions beyond his own fcontrol. All depend upon the right to work. For it is only through work, labor, that independence or character pan be achieved or self-respect maintained. The real struggle of labor in this era is not more to-ages or better conditions, but the right of all porkers to work continuously, and to work at a paving wage which will permit freedom in age from the almshouse and a grave in a potter's field. Business, industry, statesmanship have failed. Perhaps labor will not fail to find its own way out.

Pride and Alarm Friends of the children's bureau of the United States department of labor, celebrating thus month its twenty years of service, may point with pride and view (With alarm. There is ground for pride in the fact that under Its two chiefs, the late Julia Lathrop and her sucfcessor, Grace Abbott, this bureau has grow r n to be one fcf the government’s most useful institutions. It has worked in city slums, in western prairie towns, in mining camps and southern mountains, to Jnake easier the tasks of child bearing and child fearing. It administered through seven years the Sheppardfrowner act so faithfully that it saved an estimated 60,000 American babies’ lives. It has led the fight for this law’s re-enactment in the interest of maternity and infancy aid.. It has delved into and realistically described conditions of child labor, coal mine hunger, the problems •f the transient boy and other children. K has stood between American childhood and the Jorcrs that would destroy that childhood, and always It has fought fearlessly and well. There is ground for alarm in the effort to starve thus essential social function of government and in the new power vested in the President to shift this bureau into another and less friendly department, where the cry of the children might not be heard so distinctly. The'sincere friends of healthy, happy childhood wish for the children's bureau many more decades of Unhampered service. \ot Important Roosevelt wasted a campaign speech at Bridgeport. Conn., Saturday night. What he had to say was of no consequence. Touching lightly on one subject after another, he finally brushed the vital issue of taxation and the need for local government economy and reorganization. But when, where, and how? He didn't say. This performance was a letdown from his vigor and courage in handling the Walker case. Only two months of the campaign remain. To date Roosevelt has been specific on the subject of prohibition and vague on almost everything else. Several times he has announced that he would bring his generalizations to earth in future speeches. The voters still are waiting. \ Calles Changes Presidents A diplomat. Ortiz Rubio, resigns as President of Mexico, and the minister of war. General Rodriguez, takes his ’place. The quick election is by congress, under an ambiguous clause in the Constitution. The country voted for Obregon. but he was assassinated—and in Obergon's term three other men have served in succession, Portes Gil. Ortiz Rubio, and now Rodriguez. Behind all of them has been Mexico's strong man. Calles. OrMz Rubio resigned when Calles’ support was withdrawn frem him. Then the national revolutionary party picked General Rodriguez. The party controls congress through a virtual monopoly, and Calles controls the party. Such in brief Is the story of Mexico's not unexpected change of presidents in the middle of a term. Viewed as a peaceful change in contrast to the former method of violent overthrow, this represents progress in popular government. But judged by the

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPB-HOWABD N'KWSPAFER) Own'd and published daily (except Sunday! by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 2ld 22<t W<**t Maryland Street,. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cent* a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, fits cents a.month. BOYD GIiRLKI. BOY W. HOWARD. KARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONK—fcliey BMI I MONDAY. WEPT. I. U Member of I nited Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Asaocistion, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

teat* which Calles himself laid down when he magnanimously gave up the presidency, events of the last week indicate that Mexico has made little if any progress toward responsible government by party rather than by persons. These events also seem to show that Mexico's ancient curse, domination of the nation by the army. still exists. # Elevation of General Rodriguez is welcomed by certain American and other foreign interests, whom he has befriended at the expense of Mexican labor. There is nothing in his recent record to arouse hope that the new president will restore the govem-ment-for-the-people given by a younger and better Calles than now dictates behind the scenes. Making Amends Nearly forty year* ago the republic of France permitted herself to be deceived grossly. Her military courts sent to Devil's island the innocent Captain Alfred Dreyfus, on a charge of selling military secrets to the Germans. He had served five tortured years before it was proved that crooked fellow officers had "framed" him with forged notes. His pardon cause was argued eloquently by such famed Frenchmen as Zola and Clemenceau. Finally he was released, reinstated in the army as lieutenant-colonel, served with distinction in the great war, and retired as member of the Legion of Honor. The other day Colonel Dreyfus, at the age of 73, was notified that the League of Human Rights will place a slab to commemorate the spot at Port Halibguen where he stepped ashore,after his exile. France never will make complete amends for punishing an innocent man. But she has done her best. California is famous for “the American Dreyfus case.” She holds in prison Mooney and Billings. Like Fiance. California permitted prejudiced interests to ''frame'' these two to jail for life. As in France, leading citizens plead for their pardon. Yet they have served more than three times as long as did France's prisoner. Some day California will free Mooney and Billings. The longer she waits, the more she makes their servitude a “celebrated cause,’’ and the harder it will be to make amends.

Girls Still Love Dolls Life of late has been extremely real and earnest and seems to be growing more so all the time, but heies news that the world of make-believe still persists. Statistics on the doll industry show that more than $25,000,000 worth of dolls are sold in the United States each year and the industry has shown almost no falling off. Besides the demand for dolls of all descriptions, there is a ready market for doll houses, doll furniture, doll dishes, and doll wardrobes. Little girls in 1932 seem to play with dolls just as much as they did a generation ago. Os course, the dolls are different from mother's and gi andmother s. Some of them have voices, some have eyelashes of real hair Bnd some are made of strange new materials. A company which has introduced anew baby doll with flexible limbs and extremely lifelike appearance has announced that it has adopted a twenty-four-hour schedule for weeks to come to take care of advance orders.

A fine thing, of course, for that company, for the toy shops and for business in general. But it seems to have more significance. There’s something pleasant in learning that little girls still play with dolls. A Broadway chorus girl got $25,000 because one of the waving combs she bought exploded. That's what you might call a “permanent’’ award. Now that so many parents have movie cameras tp take pictures of their children, the spoiled ones are ruining evertyihng by standing still. Motorists who go speeding across the country miss a great deal, an auto club booklet says. And sometimes they hit a great deal, too. The girl who said she woudl marry only a man who knew life and its sorrows must have been talking about a widower. It seems very likely (hat Rudy Vallee's new number will be “The Song Is Ended, but the Alimony Lingers On.” • Even if Newton hadn’t day dreamed under an apple tree, it’s very likely that someone would have hit upon the theory of gravity in the last year or so.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson IT, may be true that in a few respects, we do not measure up to the standarsd of our grandmothers. But I am inclined to believe that in this matter as in so many others, distance lends enchantment. It Is a well-known fact, and one we hear a good deal about, that the old-fashioned woman always made the best of a bad marriage and did not trust to divorce for freedom and happiness. We are told, therefore, that her character was finer than ours and her wisdom more profound. But I am not so sure that grandma is to be applauded for this. Being totally ignorant of divorce, that quality which we call wisdom may in her have been merely resignation. She lived contentedly enough without modem plumbing, too, and put up with such inconveniences, just as she put up with a no-account husband—because she had to. There literally was nothing else to be done. I imagine that if lawyers and divorce courts and respectability had been in grandma’s day exactly what they are now. much of the feminine virtues of former times would not have existed.

After all, customs, conventions and standards have a great deal to do with how men and women behave. Practically everything, in fact. Grandma was a resigned, quiet, modest, industrious person because no decent woman then was otherwise. The fashion in ladies was different. But taken as a whole, women probably were just as essentially faulty as they are today. They only appear more splendid through the perspective of vanished years. In short, it seems to me tommyrot to say that men and womenare worse now than they ever have been. Our grandmothers and grandfathers were molded to the standards of the period in which they lived, just as we are. ' They possessed similar sheep-like qualities and followed the then prevailing fashion in morals. And there is no particular virtue in being exactly like one's grandmother. Civilization would come to a complete standstill If this were our ambition.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says: What Was Life Like, More Than Fifty Years Ago, When We Had So Electric Lights? PEOPLE always have, and no doubt always will, find it hard to imagine what the future holds, but for the first time in history they are finding it almost as difficult to picture what the past was like. The world of 500 or even 100 years ago has become unreal. Mechanical power has wrought a violent revolution, not only in habits of work, but in habits of life and thought. It has been a revolution at the bottom, rather than at the top. reaching down into the homes and customs of the masses. Tin cans, telephones, bathrooms and oil burners, not to mention a hundred and one other innovations —what would life be like without them? What was it like, and how did people manage to get along so well? Above all else, what was life like without electric lights? We have had them only fifty years, and yet they seem quite indispensable. Can you think of a great city at night without its blazing store fronts and well-lighted streets? What did the inhabitants of Babylon and Rome do after the sun went down? Was it safe for women, *>r even men. to be out? What luck did the authorities have in suppressing crime, or were honest folk obliged to stay indoors? an a Great Day for Edison AT 3 o'clock on the afternoon of Sept. 4, 1882, the first electric light plant in this country was turned on. It was a great day for Thomas A. Edison, the 35-year-old inventor, and his backers. It also was a great day for skeptics. New York City had been awaiting the event for months. There had been a deal of arguing, pro and con, though mostly con. The incandescent lamp had been flickering at Menlo park nearly three years. Vast numbers of people htfd crossed into Jersey for the express purpose of seeing it It had been written up in newspapers and magazines. A corporation, capitalized at $300,000, had been formed to perfect and promote it, and now the New York Edison Company, capitalized at $1,000,000, was about to try it.

Faced Great Task PRODUCING an incandescent lamp that would burn was only part of task. Having done that much, he found it necessary to develop anew and better dynamo. with engines that would “run parallel,” meters ‘to measure the current, recording machinery and fixtures. Above all else, he had to find the required capital, persuade the board of aldermen to grant him a franchise. and sell a sufficient number of customers on the idea to warrant starting operations. As usual, the experts were divided. Some said that an incandescent lamp was unscientific and impossible. Others said that while it might be all right in theory, it would turn out all wrong in practice. A few gave it wholehearted approval. Under such circumstances, the raising of $1,000,000 must be regarded as an example of both courage and faith on the part of those who actually put it up. u % Real Sportsmen LOOKING back, it is easy enough to see the wisdom of betting real money on strange, surprising, and unexpected innovations. Looking forward, it’s another story. Those who backed Edison could not look back. There was no precedent for what he proposed. The incandescent lamp stood for a new conception, not only with regard to illumination, but#with regard to electricity. Added to that, the public was not so mechanically minded as it is today. Many of the modern miracles which make us receptive to novel ideas had not occurred. The telephone still was in its infancy. Bicycles, even of the highwheel ' type, hardly had appeared. The auto was twelve years away, and flying still was regarded as not only impossible but contrary to the divine plan. One can but admire the hardihood of those capitalists who put up the cash. They were real sportsmen.

Questions and Answers .

Is a 24-cent United States airmail stamp of 1918, carmine and rose, on cover, of any value? It is catalogued at sl. What do the letters F. A. P. on a road sign stand for? Federal aid project. What is the home address of Maude Adams, the actress? Ronkonkoma, Long Island, N. Y. Do alien husbands of American citizens automatically acquire the citizenship of their wives? No. ,

Making Both Ends Meet Are you having trouble making the “reduced income" meet the needs of your family? Have you tried cutting the “food" item in the family budget? You can do this and still have appetizing, well balanced and nutritious meals. Use the suggestions in the new bulletin just issued by our Washington bureau, on “Feeding the Family at Low Cost,” compiled from studies made by federal and state agencies. It contains general information on food values as well as suggested menus and recipes for every day of the week. If you want this bulletin, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 187, Washington Bureau. The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin in FEEDING THE FAMILY AT LOW COST, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: Name . '. Street and No City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

‘Heads, I Win! Tails, You Lose!’

Tonsil Removal Curbs Germ Carrying

BY I)R. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the * Health Magazine. IN two of the common diseases thgt affect children, namely, scarlet fever and diphtheria, many, if not most, of the symptoms relate to the throat. For this reason, the question as to whether removal of the tonsils is of any help in preventing scarlet fever or in making it less severe is of importance. , Children who have diphtheria, and who have large tonsils, frequently suffer more than those whose tonsils have been removed. Frequently those who have diphtheria continue to carry the germs in their throats after recovery from the disease. Apparently the presence of infected tonsils is likely to encourage the development of a carrier rather than to discourage it. Recently, Dr. William L. Bradford studied all children in the schools in Rochester, N. Y., who had had

IT SEEMS TO ME

IN the parliaments of the world there have been many moments of great intensity. The very fact that legislative bodies are made up of conflicting forces affords the material for that clash of will Which is the essential element in drama. But of all the shows put on by men and women gathered for the making of law T s, none can have surpassed the present opening of the reichstag. “I was born July 5, 1857. Is there any one here older?” This was the opening challenge of Frau Clara Zetkin as she stood at the speaker’s desk, supported by two younger comrades of her party. It is the German rule that the session shall be called to order by the senior member of the reichstag. tt tt tt Grandmother to Judgment AND so it fell to the grandmother of the German revolution to have the first word in a house in which the Communists constitute ft bitter and a desperate minority. Frau Zetkin has been ill, and her voice was criss-crossed with the ravages of time and rebellious controversy. And yet she hardly needed the strong arms of her supporters as she flung out her challenge. For she looked to the Nazis—row upon row of them, clad each in uniform for the first time in any reichstag. It was at these followers and disciples of tjie mailpd fist tJTat she hurled all the stength of her seniority. They sat silent, with arms folded, for her frailty was a power which left them helpless. “Is there any one here older?” said the tiny, bent figure, flaunting her years like a flag in the face of her foes. And, of course, there W3S none. In 1857 the twilight of the czars was not even a dream. Kings walked an eath which trembled, and slaves tilled American fields. But she did not come to tell them about the back of the book or to call the roll of mighty dead men.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

their tonsils removed and compared them with children who had not had their tonsils removed, so far as concerns the relationship to scarlet fever. Os 600 children with scarlet fever, 122, or 20 per cent, had had their tonsils removed previously. The degree of severity of the disease was about the same in those who had their tonsils removed as in those who had not. About the same percentage of both groups developed complications, and the rate of disappearance of the germs from the throat was about equal in children with and in those without tonsils. However, the children who had had ' their tonsils removed had a few less organisms in the period of cpnvalescence than did those who still had their tonsils. Apparently therefore, removal of tonsils is not extremely important so iar as relates to the severity of scarlet fever or inability to recover from the condition completely and without complications.

RV HEYWOOD 151 BROUN

She spoke of anew world and a promised land this side of Jordan. And there was in the small, strained voice the intensity and anxiety of one who can not wait. The tradition of the chamber was broken when Frau Zetkin utilized the formal occasion for a fiercely partisan attack upon Von Hindenburg and called for his impeachment. The geheral is more than 80. Perhaps this is not yet a young man’s world. It was too serious and ster|i for comedy, but surely there was irony in this duel—a fight about tomorrow between those already weary with the years and days, ft was as if two spent hourglasses should lunge and lock in final combat. tt tt ** tt A Curious Kind of Kinship AND though a gulf always has been spread between the military chief and the violent revolutionary, there was evident a forgotten and unacknowledged kinship. Hindenburg has many times called on his countrymen to give force to the uttermost and so fight and die for the Fatherland. And with a voice so feeble that it could not reach to more than a few rows of the silent house, Frau Zetkin called upon her followers to take up arms ancf check the threat ot war by shoot int? down all who believe in ruthlessness. She lashed with her tongue as cowards all who would not seek peace by wading first in blood. Her hoarse voice broke, and she leaned back for a moment against the arms of the two women who stood beside her. Yet each time she straightened

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—l want to thank you for your co-operation and as-y sistance to the Rev. Morris Coers of the Thirty-First Street Baptist I believe if Indianapolis had a radio station belonging to a church we would have more decent programs. The world today needs the gospel preached more than ever before, and it is up to the Christian people to pull together and work to that end. I am not a member of that church, but belong to'the great body of Christ, and it is my earnest prayer that Indianapolis may have a station run by Christian people under Christian principles, because I, for one, would like to put off the air a lot of this jazz and tobacco advertisements. Keep up your good work and let us pull harder for the right and justice. TIMES READER. Editor Times—The Democratic party is to be congratulated on the high-class candidates chosen for the ccming November election., As for the county candidates, they could not be beat. If they use the same amount of brains in the 1933 primary election they will be successful in electing another Democratic mayor. Our present mayor is sure to have all the Republican debts paid and if succeeded by a man of his own caliber, will keep them paid. But as the Democrats go to bat only

Dr. N. G. Shaw studied particularly the relationship of removal of the tonsils to prevention of diphtheria. A study of a large number of children, using the Schick test as a means of determining their immunity to dipththeria, did not indicate that removal of the tonsils served in any way to give the children better resistance to diphtheria than was had by children who still had their tonsils. These studies are an indication of the way in which medical science continues to test and retest its procedures. They do not in any way indicate the desirability of keeping enlarged or infected tonsils in the throat. Such tonsils are a menace and should be seen by a physician will determine when and how they are to be removed. The studies do indicate that the tonsils are not particularly associated with the prevention of scarlet fever or diphtheria, or with occurrence of complications in these disorders.

Ideals and opinions expressed In this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude el this paper.—The Editor.

again and cried out for men to man the barricades and solve the economic crisis with proletarian bayonets. There was in her no more compromise than lies in a belt of machine gun bullets. tt tt tt Thunder on the'Left AND yet it seems to me that there sounded above the head of F’rau Zetkin a cry which dimmed her words. The thing she is became much lounder than what she said. A little old w 7 oman told the members of the reichstag that salvation lies only in the fierce thrust of steel to be taken up by oppressed and embattled workers. And yet she herself was the living, flaming proof that force does not lie only in the gun racks. A puff of wind, a touch of the hand could have thrust her from her place upon the speakers’ stand. But there was none dared raise that hand. She was for her cause a regiment, a brigade, an army with banners. The Nazis in their uniforms seemed no more than sulky pupils kept in after school. I wish Frau Zetkin could have sat a little apart from herself and listened to the speech she made. Then she might well have known the supreme truth which she created and spread out for the profit of mankind. There is no force which can stand against a fierce, a free, and a stal wart spirit. The voice of such a one is louder than the roll of guns. And though it sags down to a whisper. it will be heard around the world. (Coovrieht. 1932. bv The Timest

every sixteen years, they always pay off the debts in four years. This last pay-off. of course, is a handicap in vote-getting, as many a vote is got with a job, and to cut off jobs cuts off votes. The world knows the Republican party is the champion in creating useless jobs for “deserving” ward heelers and precinct workers, although it is robbing the public, and the debt is paid by the overburdened taxpayers. Yet this old outfit has been in the gyp game so longs national, state and local, that they are case-hardened. Once in a W'hile one of them gets a rap in the "big house," but most of these old reprobates know the game too well and can avoid this. Tom Marshall said: “What this country needs is a good 5-cent cigar.” but w r e "basket stiffs” think what this country needs is for the farmers to raise hogs without a jowl and to educate merchants that sixteen ounces make a pound, as you are not weighing gold when weighing jowl or beans. This depression has put Hoover eyes in many a pair of pants, yet they are trying to put the old ancient gag previous to election, that r "happy days are here again.” WILLIAM LEMON. What is the pay of a private in the national guard? One dollar for-earh drill and sl.lO j a day during the fifteen days of annual field training.

SEPT. 5, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ-

Wyoming Once Was Home of Many Varieties of Dinosaurs. \ THE world's largest dinosaur Is in the Peabody museum of natural history ©f Yale university. The skeleton of the huge monster is 70 feet long and 16 feet high. Scientists at the museum,estimate that in life the creature must have weighed between 37 and 40 tons. The fossilized bones of the dinosaur which have been mounted in the museum weigh six tons. Although this dinosaur recently was “reassembled.'’ its bones were dug up more than fifty years ago at Como Bluff, Wyo. Wyoming and the nearby states were, some million of years ago. the homes of many varieties of riinosaur£. The one in the Peabody museum is of the type known scientifically as a Brontosaurus. The Brontosaurus was a vegetarian, living on plants, He had four heavy pillar-like legs an extremely long neck, and a long tail. The legs are ponderous and elephantine. The head was extremely small Brontosaurus ran to brawn, not brains. •* * a The Middle Ages THE Age of Reptiles, known technically as the Mesozoic era, when the dinosaurs thrived, came to an end about 40.000.000 years ago. It endured for the 110.000,000 years preceding. These estimates are based on the now generally accepted estimate of 2,000.000,000 years for the age of the earth. The first billon years are believed to have been lifeless. The first half of the second billion was spent in going from unicellular forms of life to the sponges and shellfish. Another 300,000,000 years evolved true fish and amphibians. Then came the Age of Reptiles. The Mesozoic era was a sort of Middle Ages, biologically, bridging the gap between the ancient forms of life of thq Paleozoic and the more modern forms of the Cenozoic. The dominant forms of ocean life of the Paleozoic were no longer to be found in the Mesozoic. Lobsters and crabs, as well as many new varieties of corals and starfish, made their appearance. Many new kinds of shellfish, including the oysters, appeared. On land there was a great development among the insects. Flies, , butterflies, wasps, and ants made their appearance. The most important development in the world of life in this era, however, was the rise and fall of the Mesozoic, the mast important of which was that of the dinosaurs. Ann Types of Dinosaurs THE dinosaurs spread all over the world. Their fossil remains are particularly common in North America, Africa, China and Argentina. As the era progressed, dinosaurs of greater and greater size arose. One group of dinosaurs were beasts of prey, feeding upon other reptiles. They had birdlike feet with great claws. Their front legs wpre small, but their hind legs were large and powerful. They ran on their hind legs somewhat after the fashion of kangaroos. The largest of this group, known !as Tyranosaurus Rex—that is, the king tyrant lizard—attained a length of forty-seven feet. Another group of dinosaurs lived in the swamps. These were sluggish creatures with webbed feet, ■ duck-billed muzzles, and long, powerful tails, .which they used in swimming. The largest dinosaurs were the sauropods, which lived on vegetation. They walked on all fours. Their legs were short and pillarlike, but they had very long necks. There were also a number of armored forms of dinosaurs, grotesque creatures with bony plates and spikes on their backs. Near the close of the Mesozoic Ei'a, a type of horned dinosaur developed. The climax was reached in the development of type with three horns, the Triceratops. Two types of dinosaurs forsook the land and went back into the ocean. Some of them attained a length of fifty feet. They included the dolphin-like Ichthyosaurus, or “fish lizard,” and the long-necked Plesiosaurus. Other forms took to the air, becoming veritable dragons. Some of these flying reptiles had a wing spread of twenty-five feet, but, unlike the dinosaurs on the ground, they weighed little, having bodies which weighed less than thirty pounds.

M TODAY & Sy* IS THE- V*> WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARV °7)fagfr GERMAN RETREAT September 5. ON Sept. 5. 1918, German forces retreated on a twenty-mile front north of the Vesle, French and American troops forced a passage of the river and occupied Chassemy, Bucy-le-Long, Branelle, Vauczere, and Blanzy. British regiments forced a passage of the Canal du Nord on a front of fifteen miles and drove the Germans eastward in a hard day’s fighting. Germans also were reported leaving Lens, but British troops were reluctant to occupy it, because of the poison gas left there by the retreating troops. An American troopship, the Persic, was torpedoed off the coast ofEngland, but the 2.800 troops were removed without the loss of a life. The ship was beached successfully after the soldiers had been taken off.

Daily Thoughts Then I said unto them, ye see the distress that we are in, how Jerusalem lieth waste, and the gates thereof are. burned with fire; rome, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a reproach.—Nehemiah 2:17. He that has no cross deserve* no crown.—Quarlo*.