Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 94, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 August 1932 — Page 4

PAGE 4

' rr^ w ■irjrja t sr*/ pr s - howam t>

Available Work Business leaders plan to stem the increase of unemployment by a distribution of what they term “available work.” The plan is to induce industry to give employment to as many men as possible by placing all on either shorter hours or fewer days. At the same time, it is announced that the weekly wage received by the individual worker will be le.*, but the hourly wage will be maintained. It remains to be seen whether those who are in the wage earning class will take kindly to the plan of deflated living condition!. All that the plan means is that all workers will live on a lower level instead of a few being on the lowest standard of mere subsistence. Perhaps labor may place its own interpretation of what may be termed available labor and not be content to accept the assumption of the business leaders that available labor is only that necessary to produce enough to satisfy the present purchasing pow'er, rather than the consuming capacity. Should there bp any idle labor as long as there is e tenement or a slum to breed disease, crime and misery? Should there be idle labor until every family in this country has not only the necessities of life but the luxuries that are now possible through mass production, invention and science? Should there be any necessity for enforced idleness or shar'd employment, while there is human need on the one side and vast natural resources and machine power ready to satisfy that need but unable to function on the other? This nation can never run on a basis of production ot the necessities of life. Machinery makes that impossible. It requires only an estimated 30 per cent of the workers to produce enough food, clothing and Shelter for the total population. The 70 per cent must be employed in the production of w'hat may be termed luxuries. The sale of luxuries is obviously impossible if workers are placed on a basis of part-time employment and low wages. The one way is to give labor enough purchase the luxuries of life, not a part of labor, but,,a 11 who work. No one who works will be fooled by the statement that the hourly wage rate will be maintained. That mrans nothing. The only real wage rate is an annual one. Human beings live all through the year and do not measure their needs or desires by the hour. The way to real stabilization of employment is to be found in the Eagles' bill Introduced by Representative Louis Ludlow, which provides for a stabilization of employment, that would give every man the right to work and work continuously at a saving wage. The problem of unemployment never will be solved by deflating living standards of workers.

Is This Economy? Tn the drive by big property owners to reduce taxes, a demand 1 is being made to close some of the branch libraries. The pica, of course, is that it costs too much to keep them open. Since jobs became few, the libraries have been used more and more. Each afternoon many men may be found in the reading rooms. In other days, these men were at work. The demand i not so much for food for empty bellies as occupation for empty hours. More and more people find it impossible to buy entertainment. More and more people are desperate lor some relief from idleness. The library offers the safest and the finest form of entertainment. The thoughts in the printed page are less bitter than the insurgent thoughts in the nnnd of the man without a job. The big taxpayers who demand the closing of the libraries to save pennies should think it over. They may discover that there is no real economy in such a. program. Librarians are much cheaper than policemen. White House Censor We’ve become accustomed to the White House spokesman. We bow to the White House bouncer. We can't seem to stomach the White House censor. This new institution is represented in the stocky person of Lawrence Richey, one of the Hoover secretariat. Until now Richey has been known merely as "the Hoover gumshoe man:’’ In his new role of lord censor to the President, he comes right out into the open. And. like most censors, he has the courHge of his prejudices. On Aug. 12. a letter was delivered to the White House addressed to President Hoover. It was a protest against use of tanks, cavalry, and pas in the rout of unarmed bonus petitioners and against the subsequent branding of these ex-soldiers as crooks and Communists It was signed by forty-one American citizens. Instead of delivering the letter, Richey pigeonholed it. Next day he wrote to one of the signers, Dr. John Haynes Holmes of New York, chairman of the American Civil Liberties Union, saying: "It (the protest letter) is such a tissue of misrepresentation of lact that I do not propose to present it to the President.” Quite aside from tne fact that the letter was bulwarked with unassailable evidence, here is something new under the sun. We appreciate that the President must be protected against cranks and needless annoyances. But since when docs a secretary set himself up as censor of the President's important mail and reject what, in his opinion, is unkind or untrue? The White House can-, of course, be insulated thoroughly against public opinion by means of such censorships. When this happens, we shall have gone far upon a strange and dangerous path. # The Farm Strikers As the fight of embattled farmers along the picket lines of lowa and Nebraska spreads and assumes a more ominous phase, the officers of the law should be reminded that their duty is to move with a minimum of force and a maximum of tact and tolerance. The corn belt situation today is not unlike that if the bonus march of Washington in July. While technically the demonstrators sometimes may be in the wrong, the very extremity of their desperation pleads for them. Just because of thus desperation, undue display of force may drive them to more extreme acts. As the bonus protest was transformed overnight from a peaceful demonstration into a shameful tragedy. so may this "farmers' holiday" be turned into blood by hard-boiled and hair-trigger sheriffs and guardsmen. Farmers of the midwest are the nation's most conservative and law-loving citizens. They do not resort to strikes and picketing without extreme provo-

The Indianapolis Times <a acRiPPa-nowARD kewrpapkr) Own'd *nd pnhll*h<>d <1*11.7 <**xcept Sunday) by The indlanapnli* Time* PnMtxhtn* Cos., 214-o."* Went Mar> land S’reet. Indtanapoli*. ind !’ri<-e !n Marlon County. 2 cent* t Copy; elsewhere. 3 rent*—delivered by carrier 12 a Mail tuibarripMon rate* in Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana. 65 rente a month. BOYD M U LET. HOT W HOWARD. EARL D BAKER. Editor President Buxines* Manager PHONE— Riley V*Bl MONDAY, ADO. 3. 193 J. Member of I nttrd Proa* Srripps Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulation* “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

cation. And all must admit that these farmers are about at the end of their rope. Encouraged to plant during the war, they found themselves in 1920 suddenly faced with lack of markets and sudden deflation. In eighteen months farm crop values depreciated S3O 000.000,000. For twelve years things became steadily worse. Relief from Washington proved trifling or worse. Retaliatory tariffs destroyed the foreign market; the depression hammered down the domestic market. Only taxes remained normal. In a decade some of the nation's best farming regions were turned into rural slums. Now. with little hope on the political horizon, the farmers have decided to do what city workers do, strike for a living income. They declared a holiday on farm sales. To persuade other farmers to join them, they started picket lines and blockades of cities. Recently, Sheriff P. A. Lanson of Council Bluffs said that his machine guns were there to "kill people if we must." He added, "We don't want to.’’ Nor does America want him to kill people. This, like other problems of the depression, is not one to be met on purely legal grounds. Jobless protests. veterans’ demonstration, farm strike, coal mine trouble—all these outbursts of men driven to extremes must be treated as the great human problems that they are. They must not be met like the old world autocracies met them, with Cossacks’ swords, machine-gun bullets, gas bombs and rifles. Aside from the inhumanity of such methods, they do not pay. He who takes the sword perishes by the sword.

Words, Words With Roosevelt's clear and convincing statement at Seagirt of the prohibition issue, we heartily agree. But we were particularly interested also in his discussion of the use of evasive verbiage in political campaigns. Words, words, words— not used to explain, to clarify, to commit a party or a candidate to a definite course of action, but to muddle and to mislead. As Roosevelt expressed it: In fighting with words, we may use them either as a flaming sword, frankly, honestly, and with courage, to press home the cause of truth—or we may use them as shields, to turn aside, evade and obstruct the attack of an adversary t * "Now a shield is a bigger thing than a sword and so when they use words as a defense, they must use more of them. Witness the Republican platform—long, indirect, ambiguous, insincere, false, compared with the concise sincerity of our platform And this is especially true of what they have to say about prohibition . . . Words upon words. Evasions upon evasions. Insincerity upon insincerity, a dense cloud of words. We rush the cloud to find' whether there is meaning and substance at the bottom of it all and we find nothing . . . "When we emerge from the cloud, we see another in the distance and we rush over to that. And again we find nothing . . . And so we rush from cloud to cloud and find at the bottom of each nothing but dust, meaningless, worthless dust, at the bottom of a cloud of words. It is the difficulty that always attends sacrificing principles for votes and attempting to conceal that fact by the use of pussycat words.’’ It happens that Roosevelt, in this instance, was making an especially deserved and effective attack on the prohibition evasions of his campaign opponents. But the application is, or should be, much wider than that. It applies equally to most parties and most candidates in most campaigns. It is an indictment of politics and politicians in general. The Democratic party, no less than the Republican, has its share of evasions in every campaign. Despite the splendid Democratic honesty in facing the prohibition issue, the party and the candidate are evasive on important issues, such as tariffs. • ' It would be a fine thing for the country if both candidates for the rest of the campaign would limit themselves to honest and straight-forward statements.

Rising farm prices have cheered the farmer, a banker says. Imagine how cheerful you would be if you found that you would lose only SI,OOO instead of $3,000 on this year's crop. A girl with a good disposition makes the best wife, according to an adviser to the lovelorn. We had to read that twice to make sure that she didn't say a good position. Few golfers ever land in asylums, according to a health writer. True enough. That's why the golf courses are so crowded. Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson NOTHING is more amusing these days than to listen to men's political prophecies. In fact, it is amusing to listen .to men talk about anything at all. especially if you are a woman who has been trained to preserve a discreet silence while the lordly male holds forth. There are many things to be learned about the peculiar nature of gentlemen, if you will keep still and heed their words. And the main thing you will find out is that few of them know what they are talking about. Each is convinced of the infallibility of his own judgment, and every one likes best the sound of his own voice. A group cf men. even learned and intelligent men. discoursing on world problems, make a fine study in egotism. They do not like to listen to one another any more than women are said to do—and they don't do it as often. Given a cocktail apiece and the floodgates will be open, and you may then observe them, each sitting alone within an aura of self-admiration. The room will be filled with noble conversation, but look closely and you will see that not one of them is interested in any opinion save his own. a a a 'T'HEY will remind you of a trio of mothers talking about their babies. All, heedless of the wonders of the neighbor's child, are aglow, bursting with a desire to pour forth the marvels of a particular infant prodigy. Or you may have watched four or five small boys absorbed over a toy or a make-believe game. None pays the slightest heed to the others. Each is occupied completely with his imaginative processes, each chatters to his own ears, each is concerned magnificently with himself. Men, like children, are supreme egoists. Only some contrive to hide this trait better than others. . Most of them are by nature the perfect politician. If. as they claim, they have a keen sense of humor, why do they never laugh at themselves?

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy '*■ —Says: The Republican Party Has Become So Saturated With Conservatism That It Lacks the Ability to Appraise Popular Demand for Change. NEW YORK. Aug. 29—Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt is on safe ground when he attacks the Republican prohibition straddle. The Republican party has made no such tactical blunder in years. It shows the stupefying effect of conservatism. The Republican party has become so saturated with conservatism as not only to be against change, but to lack the ability of appraising a popular demand for change. It is apparent that many Republican leaders still doubt the depth of anti-prohibition sentiment. Otherwise, they would not be half so anxious to placate the drys. President Hoover and his board of strategy are not making subtle cr clever moves with regard to the eighteenth amendment. Their one idea is to avoid a false step. Like all dyed-in-the-wool conservatives. they are looking for a sui ething bet. and, being unable to find it, are trying to hedge. tt tt tt Afraid to Act THE way the two parties have lined up on prohibition goes deeper than the issue itself. It illustrates the underlying attitude toward alll issues.

The Democratic leadership, as revealed in the convention and Governor Roosevelt's utterances, is willing to try something different. That it has been called radical because of this shows in what horror such attitude is held by those in control of the Republican party. If the Republican party had been blessed with the disposition or courage to try something different, we would not have been so long turning the corner of this depression.

About everything President Hoover has recommended during the last year could have been and should have been recommended the year before. The trouble is that he is not sure of his ground. The same trouble bothers him with regard to prohibition. tt a Stand Pat Is Gospel EVER since President Harding took office, the Republican party has had one overpowering aim in life, and that was to prevent any one from "rocking the boat.” For eleven years, safety through standing pat has been the gospel of this government. We were fed it in the boom and we have been fed it in the depression. The government's attitude toward prohibition, toward the tariff, toward Russia, and toward the slump has been compounded on the same theory—when in doubt, do nothing Had President Hoover and the Republican convention dared, they would hfcve done nothing about repeal. As it was. they did just as little as they could.

8 a tt Democratic Stand Is Best THE Democratic stand on prohibition looms in reassuring contrast, not only because of what it promises with regard to this one particular issue, but because of what it suggests with regard to the party's general attitude. It gives the average voter reason to suppose that the Democratic party will take a much more positive and aggressive course in attempting to meet all issues. That is /Something which should interest the average voter. The average voter has been taught to believe in positive, aggressive action. Indeed, positive, aggressive action has been held up as largely accountable for this country’s advancement. Americaas have been trained to look upon it as the best way in which to solve problems and tackle emergencies. Governor Roosevelt and his party are much nearer in line with American tradition than are President Hoover and his party.

f T ?s9£ Y ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY NOYON IS TAKEN Aug. 29 ON Aug. 29, 1918. allied forces in Picardy continued their victorious drive against the German troops, the French taking Noyon; the British, Bapaume, and the Americans, numerous villages. The Germans were in full retreat along a front of .more than forty miles as the day ended. Allied gains during the day's battle were regarded as the most important of any single day of the year. . Prisoners captured showed plainly that German morale was breaking under the steady pounding of the allied forces. On the Atlantic seaboard the fishing schooner Gloaming was sunk by a German submarine off the coast cf Nova Scotia, and an additional fleet of destroyers was ordered to comb the region for submarines, which had been unusually active.

Just Like Mother Did! Remember that dee-licious smell in the old kitchen when you came in and found mother "putting up” those jams, marmalades, preserves, conserves—or whatever it was that was cooking on the old wood stove? Oh, boy, and how good they tasted when mother got down a jar of them for Sunday supper! Are you "putting up” some preserves or jams now when fruits of all kinds are plentiful and cheap? Our Washington bureau has a bulletin ready for you containing scores of fine recipes and full directions for jams, marmalades and preserved fruits of all kinds. If you want it. fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. r- CLIP COUPON HERE : Dept. 188, Washington Bureau, THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES. 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin PRESERVING FRUITS, and enclose herewith five cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled U. S. Postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times (Code No.)

Both: “ Who’s Running This, Anyhow?”

/ I A

Foods That 'Upset' Stomach Traced

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. riPHROUGH experience, many people learn that certain foods seem to disagree with them. Dr. Walter C. Alvarez points out that some people have nausea or flatulence on drinking milk, some people have hives after eating strawberries, others are nauseated and weak whenever they eat shellfish. With a view to discovering just which foods are the troublemakers, he suggests that such people m,ake a written record of all the unusual foods that they have eaten during the previous twenty-four hours, whenever they develop an attack. It also should be remembered that whereas an ordinary amount of some foods may not cause trouble, extraordinary amounts may do so, so that reference also should be made to such food excesses. Sometimes the disturbance that apparently is due to eating the food

IT SEEMS TO ME

AL'S got a job. I’m glad, bebecause he was out in Chicago a little while ago making inquiries ■ about some position which didn’t pan out. I can’t remember now whether it was the hours or the pay or the condition of the range in the White House. Maybe the people out there who had the giving of the job decided that A1 wasn’t the type. That's the one thing that puzzles me a little about the new enterprice. ‘‘Alfred E. Smith, editor,” falls upon my ears with an unfamiliar sound. You have probably read that he is to run "The New Outlook, anew nonpartisan monthly magazine.” I suppose it is the phrase "nonpartisan” which makes the new association sound a little curious.

Until very recently, at least, Governor Smith always has been for things or against them. Possibly I am doing an injustice to the fundamental meaning of the word "nonpartisan” when I admit that to me it is a rather cheerless label for man or magazine. a a tt Water on Both Shoulders YET if I sin in this respect, I am but erring with many others who have been chilled by what generally goes under the name of "non-partisanship - ’ in our social and political life. Too often the tag has been used in connection with those who falter, stall, and finally give out the thrilling statement, "There is much to be said on both sides.” I do not mean that many pressing problems may not present conflicting aspects to an inquiring mind. Life seldom gives a man the chance to choose the white squares or the black. But after due cogitation and deliberation, it seems to me that every one should decide which bale of hay has the greater appeal and then go to it. The legendary donkey which starved between the stacks prob-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

really is the result of a beginning cold or associated with excessive I emotion. People who become angry too readily or too angry on slight provocation may have disturbances of digestion at the same time. The simplest method of finding out whether a food is responsible for unusual symptoms is. of course, to do without food altogether for a few days or even a week. If, under these circumstances, the distress continues, one would know that the food was not the chief cause of the trouble. If, however, the symptoms disappear, one food after another could be added to the diet and thus a test made for the first appearance of symptoms in relationship to a certain food substance. Because fasting may be distressful, it is not customary to eliminate all foods, but to begin with a very simple diet. Dr. Alvarez suggests as a useful elimination diet one that coni tains nothing but lamb, rice, potato.

ably was the very symbol of a complete non-partisan. But readers need not take the prospectus of the New Outlook too seriously m this respect. Alfred E. Smith has been a partisan all his life, and the mere title of "editor” is not likely to effect a complete change in his political metabolism. The present national campaign marks his longest stretch of approximate silence. Os course, he has pledged support to the Democratic platform and ticket and let it go at that. But in other years the support of Smith lias meant rather more than the wave of a handkerchief accompanied by a "Goodby; take keer of yourself.” tt ft tt Or Even on the 'Raddio' I WOULD rather see Smith on the stump than in the sanctum. It is within his privilege to support whichever cause makes the closest approach to his beliefs and sympathies. I do not think for a minute that his long service in the Democratic party makes it mandatory for him to whoop things up for a candidate whether he approves of him or not.

Indeed, I have always felt that one of the governor's weaknesses was his party loyalty and the support which he gave to designations which seemed to me deplorable. His present reticence is almost a revolution according to the psychological standards of a strict party man. But I would have him go much further. I do not think the voice of A1 should be thrown away in the coming campaign. We may take it for granted that Mr. Smith is not going to indorse Herbert Hoover. But that leaves him a wide field of choice. Many would listen with attention and enthusiasm were A1 to speak up loudly and clearly in favor of . Norman Thomas. I grant that I do not think any such action is likely, and yet I recommend it. And I certainly believe that it would be better for his soul and for a clear-cut decision by the electorate fbr Mr. Smith to speak out much more fully on the issues and the personalities involved.

nun Os Use to Republicans THE plain fact is that his reticence has been of great value to the Republican party. The whisperers are using it hard. Those who deplored the raising of the religious issue in 1928 now may learn how foolish it is to think that any problem is settled merely because it is kept underground. Once again there is a distinct reDaily Thoughts Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God made he man.—Genesis 9:6. There is no inborn longing that shall not be fulfilled. I think that is as certain as the forgiveness of Bins. —George Macdonald.

butter, gelatin and canned pears. The only drink allowed is water. Soda fountain drinks, candy and even chewing gum must not be touched during the test diet. Anything that is put into the mouth may complicate the problem. This diet gradually may be increased. if symptoms do not develop, by first adding milk, then bread, then mush made from wheat. As soon as the disagreeable symptoms appear, the last article added to the diet is eliminated and the test is made to see if the symtoms fail to appear as long as this item is out of the diet. The procedure is relatively simple. Gradually eggs, cheese and similar substances are added, so that it is finally possible to determine just which substance must be omitted completely. In a large group of cases of sensitivity to various foods, cabbage was found most frequently responsible, then apples, then tomatoes, milk, chocolate, onions, lettuce, coffee, strawberries, eggs, meat, cucumbers, fats and greasy foods, sweets and so on down the list.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are pre sented without regard to their ‘Bffenu’nt or disagreement w-ith the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

lIEYWOOD BROUN

ligious issue, only it i s carried on entirely along the back stairs. And by a supreme and impudent irony the Republicans who appealed to "Know Nothingism” in 1928 now are angling to get votes from Catholics on the strength of the whispered charge that Franklin Roosevelt is a sympathizer with the klan. The G.' O. P. never has scorned to play both sides of the street, but it does seem to me just a bit thick for the party which set the witch fires burning four years ago to pose now privately as the foe of intolerance and the friend of religious freedom. Even though he makes no declaration on any other subject. I hope that Editor A1 will not neglect this phase of the situation in some ringing leader for the New Outlook. iCoovrieht. 1932. bv The Times) People’s Voice Editor Times—l believe that most right-thinking people will deprecate the unfortunate occurrence in Washington a few weeks ago. To some people the spectacle of an unarmed rabble of ex-soldiers, put to rout, and fleeing ahead of the army of the United States, may be a source of amusement. To those of us who were “over there” the tanks, the machine guns and the poison gas of the army of the United States turned against our comrades who went through hell for this country in 1918, can bring only pity and disillusionment. The wanton destruction of their poor domiciles and driving them out to starve, better suited the character of Ivan the Terrible than that of the great humanitarian. No one can question the authority of the President to act, but many do question the wisdom or justice of the methods employed. Mr. Hoover congratulates and commends his army on its victory at the first battle of Washington, but Mr. Hoover will have to fight another battle for Washington in November of this year. Then ! the soldiers will be armed, armed with the ballot, and I believe that they are determined that despotism shall not be re-enthroned.

Mr. Hoover fed the starving Belgians. He distributed food to the starving Russians. He purchased a moratorium for poor Germany, out of the taxpayers’ money, but he has no sympathy or kindness in his heart for poor Americans. LEGIONNAIRE. Editor Times—After six weeks of reading the Star, the News and Times, we now will keep up with the tinles with The Times. If you have lost any subscribers in this town in the last few weeks it was. in my opinion, through no fault of the newspaper, but because Mr. Hoover has most of us “on the spot." Although the other Brisbane" of the Star. Mr. U. B. Fair, took you for a political ride in the issue of Aug. 18, the veterans attack you severely on your bonus views every so often, the courts and

JAUO. 29, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Sun Is Hot, Self-Luminous Globe of Size to Stagger the Imagination. /'"\N the afternoon of Aug 31, you will want to watch the sun If you are within a track. 100 miles wide, across eastern Canada and New England, you will see a total eclipse of the sun. Elsewhere in the United States and Canada, you will see a partial eclipse, its approach to 100 per cent depending upon your proximity to the track or path of totality. To appreciate fully the spectacle of the eclipse you should refresh your memory upon the salient facts of the sun. To help you do that, 1 have summarized these facts briefly.

Modern astronomy teaches us that the sun is a hot, self-luminous globe, of a size which staggers human imagination. The diameter of the sun is approximately no times that of the earth. 864.100 miles. To build an object as large as the sun out of globes the size of outearth would require 1,300,000 such globes. The moon revolves around the earth at a distance of 240.000 miles. Suppose that the sun were a hollow sphere and that the earth was placed at the center of it. The moon would have plenty of room inside the sphere to revolve around the earth. In fact, the moon would be only a little more than half way from the earth to the sun's outer surface, for it would be 432.000 miles from the earth to that surface.

Trip to Sun ' | "'HE earth revolves about the sun at a distance of 93.000,000 miles. A small model will illustrate the relationship between the sun and earth. Suppose that the sun were represented by a globe one foot in diameter. A small seed approximately one-tenth of an inch in diameter, placed at a little more than 100 feet from the globe, would represent the earth. Light, which travels at the rate of 186.000 miles a second, takes eight and one-third minutes to go from the sun to the earth. A cannon shot, which travels at the velocity of about 3.500 feet a second. would take four and a half years to reach the sun. A railroad train, running at the rate of sixty miles an hour, would take 175 years to reach the sun, while the fare one way, at the rate of 4 cents a mile, would be $3,720,000. Because the sun is so much larger than the earth, the force of gravity would be much greater upon the sun.

A person who weighed 100 pounds with a spring balance on the earth’s surface, would weigh more than a ton, about 2,790 pounds, upon the surface of thesun. But, of course, it would not be possible to conduct any such experiment upon the surface of the sun. For the of the sun is not solid, but gaseous and at a tremendous temperature. The surface temperature of the sun is 6,000 degrees on the Centigrade thermometer, the one in use by scientists. On the Fahrenheit thermometer, the one in ordinary use in this country, the sun has a surface temperature of 10,000 degrees.

tt tt tt Rotation of Sun THE sun rotates upon its axis just as the earth does. This fact has been ascertained by observation of sun spots. Just as the earth rotates upon its own axis in a counter-clockwise direction, so dors the sun. By counter-clockwise, a motion in the opposite direction to that of the hands of a clock is meant. This is the general motion of the solar system. All the planets revolve about the sun in counter-clockwise direction. Observation of different sun spots, however, give different rates of rotation for the sun. The answer to this riddle first was pointed out about 1860 by Carrington, who showed that sun spots travel fastest at the equator of the sun and slower to the north or south of it. In other words, the equatorial region of the sun is revolving more rapidly than the regions to the north or south of it.

This extraordinary state of affairs is possible only because of the gase ous nature of the sun's surface. Many authorities today believe that the sun is gaseous through and through. E. W. and Mrs. Maunder. British astronomers who have made a careful study of solar rotations, analyzing records of' the Greenwich observatory from 1879 to 1900. give 24 65 days as the period of rotation at the equator. Twenty degrees from the equator it is 25.19 days, while 30 degrees from the equator it is 25.85 days.

utilities bar honest, news-seeking reporters, mast of our readers stand firmy on both feet behind you on the prohibition question. You are as safe as a girl in a church on that particular issue, and as further evidence we will quote a statement by the old but reliable I r ish novelist. George Bernard Shaw. He replies, when asked for a statement on liquor questions, that “Liquor, to the poor man. is the chloroform that enables him to endure the painful operation of living.” w. D. CAMPBELL. Editor Times—The G. O. P. says Stick to the Constitution. It was good enough for our fathers; it should be good enough for us." Why did you and your fathers change from the spinning wheel, the ox-cart, the horse and buggy for more modern ways and methods? Everything is changing and the Constitution of our forefathers has outlived its usefulness and is obsolete. I object to a Constitution that allows a few states to hold back and keep on the books a law that the majority of the states have found is detrimental to their own interests and is against the will of a majority of the people. The Boston tea party members threw the tea overboard because they objected to increased taxes, and they established this great country. Will the people have to organize another Boston tea party to get justice in this land of socalled liberty? ROY F. HUBBARD.