Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 90, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 August 1932 — Page 4

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The New Bank Indianapolis will be the home of one of the branches of the new federal home loan banks. It is fortunate that this city is selected. In the first place it will give employment to about fifty clerks. It will furnish a tenant for one of the bank* buildings now vacant because of suspension. It will bring numerous supplicants to the hotels. Finally it may center public attention on the record of Senator James Eli Watson in connection with the passage of this bill. This is inevitable after the supporters of Watson are asking for his re-election on the basis of his vast influence in obtaining Jhe branch bank for this city. The record of Watson on this measure was partially written by Senator Couzens of Michigan when he charged Watson with double-crossing and insincerity, espousing the measure only when he confided to his friends that he had been told that a shift of position from opposition to support would bring him 20,000 badly needed votes in November. The first attack on Watson in connection with this measure was made by radio by Ward Hiner, candidate -for Governor on the Liberty ticket. He charged on authority of the head of a local building and loan company that Watson was blocking consideration of the measure. He charged very emphatically that it was Watson who, for weeks, in opposition to the wishes of Hoover, refused to permit the measure to come before the senate. There is evidence that the change of position of Watson, noted by Senator Couzens, came after numerous inspired telephone calls from this city. So if credit is due any one, it should go to the citizens who spent their money for telephone calls to the senator, citizens w'ith enough influence to frighten the shifty and shifting senator. Tire intent of Senator Watson to capitalize his belated and reluctant support of the measure will unquestionably invite a most thorough inquiry. The people are entitled to know exactly what he contributed to the enterprise, when and how it was given and what weight the activities of other citizens had in the matter. When it is all exposed, the 20,000 stockholders who hope to obtain relief for frozen assets may not be as gullible as the senator expects.

A Wall Street Cure Business seems to be learning, at last, to diagnose its troubles accurately. The Magazine of Wall Street has an article in its current issue noteworthy for its common sense discussion of today s economic problems. “Little or nothing is being done to create markets for the production which is being encouraged,” says this conservative publication, and continues. No substantial recovery from the depression nor any lasting revival of business profits is conceivable unless we attain a broad distribution of wealth. "In any general and enduring prosperity, a great majority of people must be participants • • • even justified expansion will not be possible unless buying power is restored by a relief of actual unemployment and its concomitant—the fear which besets those currently employed.” The article suggests that as a beginning employers make a conservative survey of business for the next three months, possibly six months, and then announce to workers that for a given time no further lay-offs or wage cuts would take place. Asa further solution, the article advocates adoption of the five-day week, a long step forward, even if its reasoning on this point is a trifle hazy. It advocates the sort of five-day week that takes money from the pay envelope of one man to give employment to another, and thereby defeats to a large extent the end sought, for, with the pay ‘roll simply spread around and not increased, little can be bought except food and shelter, and little stimulation of industry can result. The article gets back to sounder ground when it concludes that the people of this country must be able to live on a standard permitting purchase of some so-called luxuries as well as necessaries if any prosperity is to endure. If employers generally do a little thinking along these lines and then start to work saving themselves from hard times, they yet may supply the leadership for which this country has been waiting vainly during the last three years.

The Elephant Americans, becoming dizzy over the yes-and-no G. O. P. plank on prohibition; the no-and-yes speech by Hoover; the, no-no speech by Curtis; the damnations of Ella Boole and Bishop Cannon; the hallelujahs of “Wild Bill" Donovan and Daniel Poling’s allies, begin to resemble the six sightless men of John Saxe's poem It was these men of Indostan, you’ll remember: Who went to see the elephant <Though all of them were blind), That each hr obaervatlon Might satisfy hit mind. The first, who happened to fall against the elephant's side, “at once began to bawl: God bless me! But the elephant is very like a wall” Each of the others, as he grasped various parts of the mysterious creature's anatomy, opined that the elephant resembled a spear, a snake, a tree, a fan, a rope. Like us, trying to figure out what this G. O. P. elephant really is— So these six men of Indostan Disputed loud and long, Ea'h in his own opinion Exceeding stiff and strong. Though each was partly in the right And all were in the wrong. A Fair Trade Chile’s proposal to swap some of her surplus nitrates for some of our surplus wheat and other commodities strike us as highly constructive. Without discredit to herself, Chile's foreign exchange machinery has broken down. The same thing has happened to three or four dozen other countries. Thus, in immediate need of wheat with which to feed her people, and not being in position to manage the foreign exchange necessary for its purchase, Chile has offered nitrates to the United States in lieu of cash. She would make it a straight barter. The United States, it so happens, still has on its hands a considerable quantity of wheat in farm board bins. It is sheer surplus—left over from other years. The exchange of some of this wheat, a distinct liability, so far as this country is concerned, for Chilean nitrate, an equally distinct asset, would seem a decidedly sensible thing to do. Surplus wheat only can depress the price of the Incoming crop. Every penny wheat sags costs the American farmer from seven to ten million dollars. * *

The Indianapolis Times (A BCBIPI’S-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned nd publluhed daily (axcept Sunday) by The Indianapolis Timet Publishing Cos„ 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. & cents—delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. Mail subscriptlon rate* in Indiana, $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 66 cent* a month. BOYD ODRLBI. BOY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER, Edltof President Buaineaa Manager PHONE—Rliey 8651. WEDNESDAY. ADO. 24, 1932. Member of United Preaa Seri ppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulation*. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Every penny it rises Increases his purchasing power an equal amount. A few additional thousands of tons of nitrates added to the national defense reserves, and obtained at no real cost to the government, would be so much to the good. Continued possession of excess wheat only could do harm. Though nitrates are produced synthetically in this country, the proposed barter would not injure these Interests. On the contrary, it would help them. For unless the farmer—the greatest peace-time consumer of nitrates—is able to buy fertilizer, he can not help nitrate producers very much. Opposition from this source, therefore, would be short-sighted. Still another reason for welcoming the proposal Is the effect it would have on the general world situation. It would tend to stabilize conditions in Chile and a stabilized Chile would be a tonic to all LatinAmerica. Because of her economic situation, Chile has been tried sorely in recent months. Carlos Davila, former Chilean ambassador to the United States and present head.of the government at Santiago, is trying to straighten things out for his people. The proposed deal with this country might prove* to be just what is needed to put Chile on her feet. Americans have almost $6,000,000,000 invested in one or another in Latin-America. Nearly a billion dollars is invested in Chile* Furthermore, approximately three-quarters of a billion dollars’ worth of American products normally are sold annually south of the Rio Grande. Anything which will help that part of the world would pay enormous dividends in dollars and cents to the American people. Uncle Sam could do with more and better friends in Latin-America. A helping hand now would be remembered later.

The World Court After Ten Years The World Court is celebrating the tenth anniversary of the opening session for the transaction of legal business. What judgment would an impartial pass upon the record of its first decade? In the first place, it is necessary to have a clear conception of the actual nature of the World Court (the Permanent Court of International Justice). Many confuse it with The Hague Court of Arbitration, but there is no connection between the two, except that the World Court sits in the great Palace of Peace at the Hague. The Hague court was created by The Hague convention of 1899. It is not a permanent court at all. It is merely a list of 132 able jurists of the world, from which disputing states may select arbitrators for a specific case. After the case has been settled, these judges return to their homes. The World Court was created by article 14 of the League of Nations covenant, drafted just twenty years after The Hague convention. It is made up of eleven judges chosen by the council and assembly of the League of Nations for a term of nine years. It is a permanent court and its members are paid a regular salary of a little over $6,000 a year. It is a court of law rather than of arbitration. Down to 1929, the work of the court was primarily voluntary. Article 36 of the statute of the World Court offered participating states the option of giving the court compulsory jurisdiction in all legal disputes involving the interpretation of treaties, questions of international law, or a breach of international law. Germany was the only state to sign before 1929, but since that time a considerable number of others have fallen in line. All states still may submit cases to the court voluntarily. The United States has not joined the court, though there have been three American judges in succession on the panel—John Bassett Moore, Charles Evans Hughes, and Frank B. Kellogg. In an interesting article on the tenth anniversary, in the New York Times, Clair Price has listed the more important cases to come before the court: “The closing of the Kiel canal to ships bearing munitions in time of war, old Turkish concessions in Palestine, the reparations clauses of the treaty of Neuilly, the boundary between Yugo-Slavia and Albania, the powers of the Danube commission, a collision between French and Turkish ships in the Bosphorus, the Turco-British dispute over the boundaries of the Mosul province of Iraq, expulsion of the ecumenical patriarch from Constantinople, the Savoy free zones on the Franco-Swiss frontier, and the proposed AustroGerman customs union—all have been grist to its mill.” I The World Court should in no sense be regarded as a safe bulwark against future wars. Wars are caused chiefly by political, economic, and psychological factors. The court normally passes on only legal issues. As Judge Moore once stated in a lucid article, the task of the court is to decide points of law, not to prevent wars.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs- Walter Ferguson

“HpO me now no wrong or indiscretion that a human -I- creature can commit (and it is significant that most divorces are won on the grounds of nothing more than discovered indiscretions) is deserving of this punishment: That a man's child should grow from babyhood to manhood unaccompanied, unwitnessed by one of the parents responsible for his life. This is the true perversion of divorce.” The above sentence is contained in an article in the current Harper's. It is a fine human document because it approaches the divorce question from the intelligent and unselfish viewpoint—its effect upon the child. Certainly a strong evidence of inherent feminine cruelty is found in our divorce records. The ruthlessness with which women snatch children away from their fathers, condemning the former to half lives and the latter to continual loneliness, is the blackest mark upon modern woman's record. nun MOTHERS make very theatrical scenes when thenbabies are torn from their arms. Yet some of them inflict the same bitterness upon their husbands. We like to pride ourselves upon the strength of maternal love, but appear to think that paternal affection is very casual, which provs us creatures of limited imagination, if not actual ignorance. For it must be a terrible thing for a man to be deprived of the intimate loving contacts with his children during those sweetest years of their lives, when memories are created and loves enriched and characters made. The adjustments of marriage may be very difficult, but those of divorce are far more so. Sometimes children never can manage them. And certainly any woman who breaks up her home, often because of trivialities, and assumes all the responsibility of bringing up a child, must overestimate her power. Yet ours is the sex that weeps over “East Lynne” and -gets roses on Mother's day.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

There Is Something Wrong With a System That. Involves Such an Enormous Difference Between What the Farmer Gets and What City People Pay. YORK, Aug. 24—If hogs bring 1 cent a pound on the hoof, while hams cost 16 cents a pound at the meat market, what should farmers do? “Strike,” say some, “and starve city people into paying better prices.” That sounds all right, until you recollect that city people buy hams, not hogs on the hoof. It’s the spread that causes trouble, and the spread can’t be cured by dumping 9ream in the gutter, or throwing vegetables over the fence. City people have been hit as hard as farmers by this depression. Many of them have been going without things to eat about as long as they can stand it. They don’t need any farmers’ strike to remind them that retail prices are higher than they can pay. The farmer can raise hogs and cure his own hams, but city people can’t. No matter what the price of hams is, city people must pay it, or go without. Putting aside all questions of charity, there is something wrong with a system which involves such an enormous and unnecessary difference between what the farmer gets and what city people mbst pay.

Why Such a Setup? YOU can take the setup as it is, and prove that brokers, packers, jobbers and retailers are not making too much, but what about the setup as is? Why have we permitted ourselves to become the victims of such a setup? Why are one-cent hogs sold within ten miles of a given town, only to be peddled through its markets in the form of 16-cent pork a few days later? Why are we hauling live meat across the country, only to haul it back in refrigerator cars? What has caused the packing and slaughtering house business to be concentrated in a fev places? Nothing in the world but a craze for mergers and consolidations. Nothing but blind faith in the idea that efficiency goes with size. This depression owes a lot to that idea. u n Here Is One Reason TJECAUSE of our greater cities, the distance between farm and table has increased for many of us, but that does not. tell half the story. Why should Long Island and Connecticut be growing up to weeds and scrub, while New York buys milk, green corn, and poultry from the middle west? Why should the land around Boston be growing up to a jungle, while the Quincy market looks to Indiana for chickens, or Texas for turkeys? The time has come for city planning to include nearby agricultural development, for business and industrial leaders to study the problem of self-sustenance. Farm relief, if it is to mean anything worth while, or permanent, must include not only a revision of the distributing system, but a relocation and realignment of many farmers.

Overlook Markets npOO many of our farmers have gone specialist, not only with regard to what they raise, but with regard to where they live. There has been just as much unintelligent herding in the country as in the city. You find one great section given over to this crop and another given over to that. You find that the proximity or availability of markets cuts little figure. You find wheat growers using condensed milk and cattle growers shipping in string beans for their tables. You see loaded trains and trucks moving across the landscape with fresh vegetables that ought to be raised within a few miles of the market for which they are destined. Our system of food supply and distribution is just a hash of absurd notions and impulses. That, more than anything else, explains why farmers get so'little and city people pay so much.

Questions and

Answers

How many members has the United States supreme court; by whom are they appointed? The chief justice and eight associate justices comprise the supreme court. They are appointed by the President and confirmed by the senate. Is the United States still paying pensions on account of the War of 1812? The last report of the director of the United States veterans’ administration shows five widows, one remarried widow and one daughter drawing pensions on account of that war.

TODAY q ! WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY oTx)£M

AMERICANS ADVANCE Aug. 24

ON Aug. 24, 1918, American troops stormed German postions on the Soissons-Rheims roads and advanced for more than half a mile. They held their ground despite several furious counter-attacks. British forces smashed through the German lines at Bray, took the town and carried the top of Thiepval ridge. They occupied ten villages during the operation. French divisions continued their hammering at the retreating Germans and made important gains near Crecy. It was announced that the Dutch steamer Gasconier had been sunk by a submarine off the coast of Belgium on Aug. 21. Six lives were lost. The ship was operated by the Belgian relief commission.

Double, Double, Toil and Trouble

Scott’s Life History Amazes Doctors

This is the second of two articles by Dr. Fishbein on the medical history of Sir Walter Scott. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. A HUNDRED years ago superstitions were frequent, as indeed they still are. Among other remedies tried for Sir Walter Scott following his crippling by infantile paralysis was to wrap him in the hide of a sheep which just had been slayed and to let him lie in this skin, warm as it was on immediate removal from the animal. Throughout his life all sorts of remedies were tried, including sea baths, magnetism and what not, but without success. Sir Walter Scott triumphed over his paralysis by sheer grit and determination. In spite of his lameness, he could walk thirty miles in a day and once rode 100 miles in twenty-four hours. The other diseases from which Sir Walter Scott suffered during his life included hemorrhages from

IT SEEMS TO ME by h ™ d

OUR election laws seem designed to undermine the familiar theory that even the most radical governmental and economic changes may be brought about by the use of the ballot. The founders of the United States had no notion of establishing a static government. It is true that the Constitution which they formulated makes changes difficult, but no determined majority yet has been thwarted permanently in its desire to alter the organic structure of the rules. Woman suffrage, for instance, came into being in spite of the fact that such a notion probably never entered the head of any one of the original signers of our federal charter.. I am strongly of the belief that legislative action can accomplish even revolutionary changes. But I must admit that at least one facet of our present circumstances makes it difficult to argue with those who contend that there is no utility in voting. 8 8 tt Keeping Ballot Exclusive IAM thinking specifically of the philosophy, of the Communist party in America. Many states have enacted legislation which makes articulate belief in armed revolution a crime. And when some prisoner is accused of “criminal syndicalism” the judge generally lectures him, or her, and asks why the defendant is not willing to seek his objectives in the good old-fashioned American way of going out and voting for them. But the answer to this is that in many parts of the country the radical dissenter will not have a chance to express his opinion at the polls. At the present time, the Communist party has managed to get its ticket on the ballot in only eleven states. Nine additional states seem like-

Ever Make It? Ever make iced cocoa, coconutade, colonel’s mint cup, currant punch, lemon snow, orange honey cocktail, grape punch, prohibition mint julep, spruce beer, Turkish punch? These and dozens more of home-made, nonalcoholic drinks are explained, and directions for making them are contained in our Washington Bureau’s bulletin on the subject. You will find in it dozens of refreshing and delicious drinks —some of which you never heard of—with full directions for concocting. Fill out the coupon below and give your family or your guests anew kind of drink. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 194, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, HOME-MADE NONALCOHOLIC DRINKS, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO. CITY STATE X am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

the intestines when he was 15, which no one has been able to explain; attacks of gout at the age of 36 and attacks of gall stone colic at the age of 46. It seems likely that his attacks of gall stone colic were to be associated with overeating, for he was a tremendous man at a breakfast. At that time it was - ' customary to operate for the removal of gall stones as it is now, so that for two years he suffered the agony and torture associated with this condition and well nigh lost his life. In the treatment he was restricted severely in his diet, given hot baths and opium for the relief of the pain, and he received from his friends, as he said, enough remedies to set up for a quack doctor. After several years of abstemious living, including the use of various severe purges, he eventually recovered. However, his health never was fully re-established and he occasionally had further gall stone attacks.

ly, but the probabilities are that the party will fall short of the total of thirty-three, which it achieved in 1928. Nor can this result be attributed to sloth and carelessness on the part of the Communists. In Ohio it is likely that neither the Socialist ticket nor that of the Communists will be on the ballot, because 300,000 signatures are required upon the petition of a minority party. Now, it seems to me utterly unfair to say to anybody, “Why not go out and vote instead of preaching armed revolution?” and then make it impossible for him to express his will at the polls, by imposing overstringent restrictions as to representation on the ballot. Not only do I think it unjust, but it seems to me very silly, even from the point of view of a conservative. Radicals, of all labels, owe a great debt to standpatters. Reactionaries always are doing perfectly asinine things which encourage the growth of dissent. 8 8 8 Casting Familiar Pearls IHAVE no desire to help any standpatter to greater wisdom, butfl think it is perfectly safe to offer some good advice. I suggest it because I know it won’t be accepted. The easiest way to trim the sails of any radical is to impose official responsibility upon him. In Germany, for instance, the Communists would be enormously embarrassed if they won a clean-cut victory at an election. It then would be impossible for them to maintain that parliamentarianism was a wholly useless function. Being themselver the ruling force in the reichstag, they would be compelled to adopt laws and emergency measures ancl act very much after the fashion of the despised bourgeoisie.

He eventually had several “strokes,” suffering paralysis of various muscles, and finally died on Sept. 21, 1831, after a severe stroke on June 9. Post mortem examination of his brain revealed some cysts in the brain and the relics of several hemorrhages. He died at 62 years after an extraordinary life, of which the medical aspects are not the least interesting. Except for the serious conditions that have been mentioned, his only disturbances were occasional “nervous headaches.” There is much to be learned in the relationship of the health of great contributors to statemanship, art and science to their accomplishments. Scott became a great man despite his lack of health. What modern medicine could have contributed to his life and happiness remains a matter of conjecture, but it is not unreasonable to suppose that he could have been spared much suffering.

Ideals and opinions expressed In this column are those ol one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to tnelr agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

In the same way, one may believe I in free speech out of a passionate idealism or a sagacious cynicism. I do not want to be numbered among the cynics, and yet I realize the enormous advantage gained by any man or party in power which is wise enough to say: “Talk to your heart’s content. I don’t care what you say about me.” Censorship and suppression invariably are weapons of groups which do not feel particularly sure of their position. Accordingly, I am presenting a two-edged argument. People who believe in the theories of the Communist party ought in all reasonableness to demand the right to vote for their candidates in every state in the Union. And whether the radicals like it or not, the conservatives should join v'ith them in this campaign on the ground that it is better for a man to have a ballot in his hand than a brick. 8 8 8 Respectable Mr, Foster TNCIDENTALLY, the bitter conX troversy raging between Communists and Socialists has its humorous phases. For many years the local disciples of Stalin have been spreading the ugly rumor, which happens to be true, that Norman Thomas was once a clergyman. Asa matter of fact, he left his church to go into the fight against our participation in the World war.. Now, by a not too happy irony, it develops that William Z. Foster, the Communist candidate, sold Liberty bonds during the conflict. Just about the time that Eugene V. Debs, the Socialist leader, was languishing in Atlanta for obstructing the draft Mr. Foster was out whooping it up for the war to end war. Whenever this is mentioned, Communists get very angry and make inarticulate noises. The Daily Worker has gone to the length of admitting that “Comrade Foster made a mistake.” But even if he is an absentminded revolutionist, I do think his name ought to be on the ballot. (Coovrieht. 1932. bv The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—l have been a reader of The Times, or The Sun, for more than thirty years and am asking for the privilege of saying a few words in regard to the present depression. Conditions which have existed in this country in the last five or six years can be gauged accurately by the number of persons unemployed during that time, which have increased gradually, until more than nine millions have no regular employment. During all that time the party in power has refused to make a single effort of real importance to relieve the situation. Even the last congress was unable to pass any adequate relief measures for the working class because of veto, or threats of a veto. The present administration figures that all that is necessary is to keep the people from starving until ' >

AUG. 24, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ—

Accurate Records of Sun Eclipses Were Kept by Mayan Astronomers. EIGHT centuries before the dawn of the Christian era, the Maya Indians of Central America kept accurate records of eclipses of the sun and the moon and were able to predict their occurrence. This fact has been brought to light by Dr. Herbert H. Spinden, curator of ethnology of the Brooklyn museum. New York. Dr. Spinden has spent years studying remains of the ancient Mayan cities and attempting to decipher inscriptions on monuments and buildings. The Maya records.are particularly interesting at. this time, when astronomers are getting ready for the eclipse of Aug. 31. Although the Maya Indians were terror-struck by eclipses, beating drums and making loud noises to drive away the demons supposed to be devouring the sun, it develops that their astronomer-priests had an excellent knowledge of the phenomena. It is interesting to compare Dr. Spinden's discovery with recent discoveries in the field of the old-world astronomy made by the German Jesuits, Frs. Epping. Strassmaier and Kugler. Their studies have shown that much of the detailed information of motions of the sun and moon which were previously thought to have arisen with the Greek astronomers really was transmitted to the Greeks by earlier astronomer-priests of ancient Chaldea.

In Ancient Chaldea THE Jesuit fathers have shown that Greek astronomy had it* roots in the work of two Chaldean astronomers in particular, Naburlannu and Kidinnu. Naburiannu arrived at surprisingly accurate values for the motions of the sun and moon in 500 B. C. These were Improved by Kidinnu in 383 B. C. The work of Naburiannu was possible, however, because the Chaldean astronomers had kept accurate records of eclipses since 747 B. C. In that year the Canon of Eclipses was begun. But it is believed that the Chaldeans studied eclipses at an even earlier date. It is surprising to think of careful scientific work being done so many centuries ago in ancient Chaldea or in the old cities of the Maya Indian empire. We are accustomed to think of those ancient centuries as days of superstition and ignorance. The situation, probably, can be compared in some degree to the situation today. The world today contains astronomers who can measure the distance to a far-off star. But it also contains men who believe that it is bad luck to light three cigarets from the same match. Great research laboratories are devoted to investigation of disease. But there also are individuals who believe that carrying a buckeye in your pocket will ward off rheumatism.

Maya Indian Cycle ACCORDING to Dr. Spinden, the Maya Indian astronomers constructed a peculiar time cycle of 260 days, which later was built into many of their calendars. They are able to predict eclipses from a table containing multiples of this cycle. Dr. Spinden believes that knowledge of the Maya eclipse symbols will lead to a better understanding of the Maya written language. There still are many baffling problems to be solved with regard to the Maya empire. Apparently, there was an “old empire” which flourished in Guatemala, western Honduras, and the southern half of British Honduras until about the fourth century A. D. At that time, a migration started into the Yucatan peninsula and the “new empire” was founded. This flourished until the arrival of the Spaniards. No satisfactory explanation for the great migration from the old to the new empire has been given. One theory is that intensive cultivation of the land wore it out and forced a migration to prevent starvation.

Another theory is that epidemics or plagues made the move necessary. Scientists from a number of institutions now are working on the problems involved.

Daily Thoughts

Breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth: as he hath caused a blemish in a man, so shall it be done to him again.—Leviticus 24:20. From the sublime to the ridiculous there Is but one step—Napoleon.

after the coming election. However, they may have guessed wrong. The damage done in this country since the tariff of 1922 is too great to be repaired in a few months’ time. The economic structure must be rebuilt entirely. Asa foundation for this, the load will have to be taken off the farmer so that he can get back on his feet and once more become a customer of the factory. This can be accomplished only by a radical reduction of robber tariff rates, war-time freight rates and double taxation, the latter being caused by so-called prohibition and by extravagance and graft in the public service. To give prosperity a good start, one-half of the soldier bonus should be paid, at once, with new treasury notes issued by the government. This would provide the necessary currency expansion and, therefore, credit expansion, which is needed badly, according to all financial experts, except a few crooked politicians who are working for the rich. Asa further aid to prosperity, congress should place a tax on legalized beer, thereby saving the taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars, and putting millions of people to work. The best possible thing this government could do for the cause of true temperance would be to substitute a good healthful drink called beer for the present poisonous prohibition liquor, which is being sold to men, women and children alike, and which has been a constant menace to the health and character of our young people everywhere, and has caused a wave of crime and lawlessness many times greater than ever was known in any country in peace time. OLD TIMER. 4