Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 86, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 August 1932 — Page 4

PAGE 4

tcptppj-n aw aMD

Indiana's Idealists Indictment of the heads of two great fraternal organizations on charges of conspiring to run lotteries calls attention to how far the federal government takes an interest in the daily lives of the individual. Two of these leaders are known and well known to Indiana. One started as an iron puddler at Elwood and is now a United States senator. He heads the organization which maintains a home for children in Illinois, an enterprise that has attracted thousands of members to his lodge. It is charged that he violated some federal law In regard to lotteries in gathering funds for this humanitarian project. The other Indiana man is Frank Hering of South Bend, to whom a tablet was dedicated at the English opera house two years ago in commemoration of the fact that a speech delivered there a quarter of a century ago started Mothers’ day. He has been decorated, the only civilian to receive such an honor, by the War Mothers. More than that, it was Hering who gave impetus and life to the movement to obtain old age pensions and largely through his inspiration, such a system has been adopted in eighteen states. That did not please the conservatives who refuse to recognize change in economic conditions. It was Hering, also, who started the appeal for stabilization of employment and dedicated the order in which he is a factor to the principle that it is the ‘"inalienable right of every adult American citizen to work continuously at a saving wage.” The charge against him is that he consented to the gathering of funds for these crusades through the sale of tickets to members w hich carried a chance for large winnings and was therefore a lottery. What the lodges did, apparently, was exactly what almost every church has done from time to time when pressed for funds and conducted bazars and sold chances on quilts or cakes. They are charged with putting the church fair on a nationwide basis. The courts in due time will decide upon their guilt and until such time they are entitled to a suspension of judgment by the court of public opinion. Meanwhile it may be w’ell to remember the glorious crusades for which the funds were raised—the maintenance of a home for orphan children and a battle against the misery that, comes from lack of work and old age in poorhouses. This state has produced too few idealists to lose faith in them on the mere announcement of a federal indictment.

The City Is Sound Not the least of the accomplishments of Mayor Reginald Sullivan is the foresight by which the credit of the city has been maintained in the day's of deflation. The mayor insists upon a margin of at least two and a half million of dollars in the bonding limitations. Other mayors have borrowed the limit in times of inflation, their chief desire being to spend rather than to conserve. Now comes the slashing property valuations and the wisdom of the mayor is vindicated. This city is still far under its legal bonding limit. Its credit is sound. That is worth something in these days of difficult finance.

An Old Gaffer Returns An interesting sidelight on the current economic situation is the reappearance in business of the ancient system of barter. Take, for instance, an advertisement appearing in a Georgia newspaper, from which we learn that Mack's Mercantile Company of Thomson, Ga., is willing to swap “48 pounds best flour for one 12-lb. country ham.” There are other attractive offerings, with not a price, in terms of money, quoted. Such as: “10 pounds best rice for 1 lb. Irish potatoes—2 pounds pure coffee for one 4-lb. hen—one pair men’s sox for 5 eggs —one 25-cent jar of snuff for two dozen eggs.” There may be only some whitened bones and a few feathers left to remind us that there once had been “two chickens in every pot,” but, in all fairness, it must be conceded that here is evidence aplenty of “rugged individualism.” There is, seriously, a measure of gratification to be extracted from such examples of individual resourcefulness in the face of grim necessity, but the real significance of a return to barter is not in the ingenuity it stimulates, but in the lesson In fundamental economics it reads. Product of a primitive civilization, abandoned in the complexities of modern commerce, driven from the temples of trade at the ped points of economic philosophers, barter somewhat has managed to endure. And when the modem mercantile machine falters, the old gaffer shows up in the marts, still spry, ready jo swap a plug of tobacco for a watermelon or a pair of shoes for two bushels of corn. Economists have turned commerce into a cult. They have developed obstruse philosophies. They have hidden and obscured the subject, and one obtains entrance only by way of a labyrinth of mystifying jargon. Yet the simple essence of commerce is the desire of men to trade and the instinctive ability to find a way. Tons of books may be written on the subject of economics, millions of tracts may be produced explaining the depression in terms of the gold standard, bankers’ acceptances, trade balances, production margins, credit inflation, and the like, but when, even in the face of these explanations, business languishes for want of money, men will exchange goods for goods. Rather than a symptom of disease, the return of barter is the sign of returning health. Buying and selling—swapping and trading—it makes no difference; trade, in whatever form, is evidence that the essentials of commerce are at work. What Will the Drys Say Now? Finding no solace in the straight-out pronouncement of the Democrats for repeal of the eighteenth amendment and immediate modification of its enforcing legislation, the drys of the country have pinned their hopes on Mr. Hoover. They eagerly awaited his acceptance speech for assurance that he still was one of theirs. Perhaps the most authoritative dry approval of Mr. Hoover is that contained in an editorial just published in the Christian Century, the most eminent and influential weekly of Protestant Christianity, and probably the ablest protagonist of prohibition Within Christian Journalism. This editorial approves Hoover’s

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) OwnM nd published daily (except Sunday) br The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, indianapoiia. lnd. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. X cent*— delixered by carrier 12 cent* a week. Mail subscription rate* in Indiana, W a year; outside of Indiana, a r > cents a month. BOYD OURLET. ROY W HOWARD; EARL D. BAKER. Edhor f resident Business Manager PHONE— Riley MSI. FRIDAT, AUO, 1,19 M. Member of United Press Scrtppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

stand on prohibition in 1928 and his attitude toward law enforcement since his election. It contends that he has tried to enforce the dry laws with “great fidelity.” But it finds that he has been highly disappointing in his responsibility to “mold and guide public opinion ’ on the prohibition problem. Aside from his interpretation of the Wickcrsham report, Hoover has made little comment on the experiment noble in purpose since March 4, 1329, The dry side has had practically no popular advocacy since Mr. Hoover's administration began.” Nevertheless, with respect to the coming campaign the Christian Century' holds that the issue is as clearly drawn as in 1928 and that Mr. Hoover is as staunch a bulwark of the dry cause as he was four years ago: “The liquor issue is as clear cut and crucial as it was in 1928. Those drys who got off on the wrong foot in their first reaction to the Republican plank must sit down soberly and read the two platforms. The success of Mr. Roosevelt is as inimical to prohibition as the success of A1 Smith would have been. “There is no difference. And the success of Herbert Hoover In 1932 :.s no less vital to the dry cause than was his success in the campaign of 1928. The issue has been changed in form, but its sharp edges have not been dulled. The Democratic platform is a complete betrayal of the dry cause. The Republican platform is the most favorable formulation that any party controlled by hope of success reasonably could have laid down.” But a platform is one thing and a candidate quite another. Is Mr. Hoover personally as dry as his party s plank and likely to stand sincerely by the dry cause? The Christian Century thinks that he is and that he may be trusted to resist the wiles of the wets in his party. It bases this contention primarily on Mr. Hoover's personal part In forcing the present plank on his party against the desperate opposition of Republican w r ets: The plank is, of course, Mr. Hoover’s own. , , Mr. Hoover won the acceptance of his plank only after an intense struggle, in which his stand entitles him to the gratitude and confidence of all w’ho oppose the liquor traffic. ... At the last desperate moment, when the Bingham draft was in serious danger of being included ift the platform committee's recommendation, Mr. Hoover, w f e are informed on reliable authority, distinctly let it be known that he would refuse to run on a repeal plank. It was his firmness that saved the day.” The dry label could not have been hung on Mr. Hoover more confidently or by a more distinguished advocate of the dry cause. It W'ill be Interesting to note w'hat the Christian Century and other distinguished organs of dry opinion will have to say about Mr. Hoover’s advanced views on prohibition in his speech of acceptance. Can they still find w'ays of proving that he is merely an “expedient dry?” Will they still regard the issue as clearly drawn between the two parties as in 1928? Will they seek comfort in the Republican platform? What w'ill they say about the Hoover w'ho refused, early in June, to run on a repeal platform, but two months later came out flatly for state control of the liquor traffic?

A Better Way We commented recently upon a report that a big California orchard, company had burned 2,000 boxes of oranges which it could not sell profitably. We remarked that surely a better way could be found than to destroy essential food at a time of widespread hunger. Now California itself seems to have found a better way. Recently Governor Rolph named Simon Lubin as head of his state bureau of commerce. Lubin, who appears to have inherited the idealism of his father, David Lubin, founder of the International Institute of Agriculture at Rome, has evolved a plan for disposing of his state's unmarketed surpluses to help both growers and the nation's needy families. He has sent forth state salesmen to sell at bargain prices to the relief agencies all over the country such commodities as dried and canned fruit, manges, rice and other products which do not compete with local truck growers. While California is not giving her food away, she is selling it at prices which Governor Rolph calls “considerably below normal prices.” There are too many stories of farmers burning . com. pouring milk down sewers, and otherwise destroying food crops. California's contribution to emergency economy is better philanthropy and better business. ————** When you’re checking up to try to find out what really is bringing us out of the depression, don't forget that we've had several rather juicy murder trials this summer.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

■DEPORE I die, I hope to see the trained detective .. . the newspaper reporter. Ud to Lm happei?cd° rdinß: ‘ he m<>Vlra ’ the tW ”* never .. Tu' er ? 1S no J 3rilliance that can compare with that of the boys who get out the five-star final, and as for murder mysteries, why, every one of them is a thing 11 " liUle Sherlock Hoimes . wisecracks and everyof P° licemen and fingerprint experts nd Pinkertons may be on the case, but it takes the cub reporter to outwit them all and apprehend the murderer besides. There are several improvements.in the Hollywood manner that I am looking forward to. I should, for instance, like to have a courtroom scene follow courtroom procedure. I hope just once to meet a district attorney who knows more about the law than the 20-year-old hero. And how I long to see one papa and mama whose prophecies on the elopement turn out to be correct! nun DTT these, after all, are relatively unimportant *T complaints. The thing that breaks the heart about the moving pictures is the way in which men art treated on the silver screen. I swear the poor dears are insulted constantly in their most important conceits. . / How any red-blooded man can keep from going berserk after seeing a few of these productions is a mystery for any bright reporter to solve. No wonder the gentlemen reviewers grow so bitter and cynical. It must be a frightful experience for them to be obliged to go day after day and observe how the stalwart sex is used as a oil for the ladies, a background to show off their gowns. They sit up and beg. they lie down and roll over in the best poodle dog manner. I think I have discovered where the Continentals get their idea that America is a woman's country, all set for the establishment of a matriarchy. They have been seeing AmeritT-4 movies.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M: E. Tracy Says:

Experience Has Taught Us to Have Faith in the Search for Knowledge. YORK. Aug. 19.—German scientists pulverize atoms, not singly, but in droves; Professor Piccard goes up ten miles, and Marconi sends radio messages 168 miles on waves less than two feet long. What does it all mean? We do not know as yet. but we have reached a point where we believe it can be made to mean something of benefit. That much, civilization has done for the human mind. We no longer distrust study when it fails to result in immediate profit. Experience has taught us to have faith in the search for knowledge. Not only our educational institutions, but some of our most hardheaded business concerns spent a great deal on pure science, on experiments and investigations, without hope of quick or specific reward. It took Columbus half his life to raise a few thousand dollars fer an expedition which revolutionized human history. It took Fulton almost as long to get sufficient backing to build a steamboat. „ John Fitch, who preceded Fulton by twenty years, was unable to get sufficient backing for more than a cheap model. He displayed that model to the sixty-odd great men who framed the Constiution of this republic. As far as the record shows, only four considered it worth mentioning in diaries, or letters. a tt Real Education Triumph KNOWLEDGE creates not only a desire for more knowledge, but a belief in its ultimate value. That is the real triumph of education and should be held up as its true purpose. Only the ignorant are content to remain ignorant. Men walked for thousands of years, not because they lacked brains to tame and mount horses, or discover methods of mechanical transportation, but because they lacked the urge to try, because their appreciation of knowledge had not been awakened.

We Fear Innovations Appreciation of knowledge still is lacking in several fields —notably politics and law'. When it comes to government and the court, w'e are handicapped by a real fear of innovations. You never hear the word “radicalism” used *in connection with scientific theories, or mechanical productions. You never hear a doctor called red because he proposes a new' treatment or tried anew operation. When it comes to problems of statecraft and justice, we are hopeless conservatives, scared to break awrny from precedent, or custom. The reason is not hard to find. We lack sufficient knowledge to make us trust in more knowledge. We never have studied law and politics with open minds. Our guiding thought is not one of faith in the possibility of improvement. We look backward instead of forward, v.hat we call principle often is mere method. t a a a Handcuffed by History HISTORY has taught us to associate changes of government with revolution, which is another reason w'hy we dread them, why w ; e oppose them, why we regard them as bordering on treason. We have changed our system of communication and transportation without revolution; have substituted electric adopted for kerosene lamps; have adopted the tin can and refrigeration, and done many other things that would have caused bloodshed had our attitude toward science been the same as it is toward politics. Why not giwe human ingenuity a chance in civil life? Why not trust it as w r e do in other fields? We have seen enough to know that order can be maintained and society protected under many forms of government, that liberty to think constructively does not mean disorder. We have seen greater changes in commercial and industrial life during the last half century than any conqueror of old ever conceived, much less accomplished, and we have seen ourselves a little better off because of them.

Questions and Answers

Who invented the clock? It is not known who invented the first true clock, as distinguished from the hour glass. The invention is claimed by the Chinese, dating it from 2000 B. C., and also by others, including the Germans of the eleventh century. The oldest clock of which there is a complete description was constructed by a German, Henry De Vick, in 1379, and was in the tower of the palace of Charles V of France. What is the second letter of the Greek alphabet? Beta.

m TODAY sm sy* IS THE- Vf* f WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

NEW ALLIED VICTORIES Aug. 19

ON Aug. 19, 1918, allied troops gained important victories in three sectors of the western front, the most important coming as a renewal of the French drive on the Oise, where they advanced several miles on a fifteen-mile front. Fresmieres. on the Roye highway, was stormed by a crack regiment just before nightfall to top the day's activities. British forces continued their push in the Lys salient, entering Merville and making wide gains on a six-mile front. Americans struck on the north bank of the Vesle and reported important gains. The result of the day's fighting was unfavorable to Germany on every part of the front. Two Norwegian ships, the San Jose and the Nordhav, were sunk by submarines off the Atlantic coast.

‘What’ll We Do With These Sister?’

I'

Nausea May Warn of Food Poisoning

This is the second of three articles by Dr. Fishbein on food poisoning. The last will appear tomorrow. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. Symptoms of food poisoning vary greatly according to the person involved, the amount of the infection received, and the amount of poison of the germ taken in with food. For this reason, instances occur in which some people who partake of a meal do not show any symptoms, whereas others become seriously ill. However, in the infection which occurred on board the boat in Washington, D. C., mentioned in this column Thursday hundreds of people were involved and few, if any, escaped.

IT SEEMS TO ME

ONE portion of President Hoover’s prohibition plan suffers considerably from galloping naivete. I refer to that part of the acceptance speech in which Mr. Hoover declared in ringing tones that “in no part of the United States shall there be a return of the saloon.” And, of course, this same declaration has been advanced in several addresses by deserving Democrats. The subject is somewhat confused by the fact that none of the gentlemen concerned in these predictions has taken the trouble to define the saloon. As nearly as anybody can surmise, they are looking toward an era in- which intoxicants may be sold through some sort of dispensary system, with the strict provision " that they are not to be drunk on the premises. Each citizen must carry his gin or beer or whisky out of the place as fast as his legs will take him and transport it to his abode. Mr. Hoover is taking the old axiom that there is no place like home a shade too literally. tt tt Let Wickersham Rest TO save the expense of some future Wickersham committee, I can assure Mr. Hoover and all supporters of his plan that there isn’t a chance on earth that it will work. It will work well enough for me and my friends and acquaintances, but it simply can not be made to function slong the lines suggested by the President. One need not be a seer or a prophet to make this prediction and to make it dogmatically. Prohibition did not kill the saloon. It did not kill it even if you wish to stand upon your rights and make some finicky distinction between the saloon and the speakeasy. I mean that the good old-fashioned b ar —the “open saloon” —still can be discovered in many communities, even though it is less frequently found than in the days gone by. Under the Hoover system, as far as it has been outlined, liquor will be reasonably available in the wet state, but it is not to be gathered together in any citadel for Sale. But just who is going to stop this assemblage of bottles, glasses, cracked ice and a little lemon peel? Federal prohibition agents? Now, please!

Making Both Ends Meet Are you having trouble making the “reduced Income” meet the needs of your family? Have you tried cutting the “food” item in the family budget? You can do this and still have appetizing, well balanced and nutritious meals. Use the suggestions in the new bulletin just issued by our Washington bureau, on “Feeding the Family at Low Cost.,” compiled from studies made by federal and state agencies. It contains general information on food values as well as suggested menus and recipes for every day of the week. If you want this bulletin, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 187, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin in FEEDING THE FAMILY AT LOW COST, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: Name Street and No City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

It became necessary to have ambulances by scores on the dock, awaiting the arrival of the boat to take care of the sick. Usually, within a few hours after eating, although sometimes in shorter or longer periods, the first symptoms occur. They take the form of severe pains in the stomach and intestines, nausea and vomiting. Usually there is also thirst, headache, dizziness, and a slight fever. The mild attack passes off in most instances within twenty-four hours, but in severe cases the symptoms may last three or four weeks. Sometimes the prostration is so great that the patients collapse, having rapid pulse, low blood pressure and a cold and clammy sweat. It is not difficult usually for a physician to make a diagnosis when several people or even scores and

v "g ™

Even a good gag may grow tiresome if carried too far. The whole theory of enforcement under the present regime has been that it never would be possible to check entirely the sale of illegal beverages, but that by dint of effort and patience the supply might eventually be dried up at the source. That didn’t work, but in the beginning it sounded convincing. Little Saloon Movement BUT with the source legalized and only the outlets under the ban, it stands to reason that there isn’t a chance on earth to eliminate places of conviviality. To be sure, expensive federal police work may be sufficient to stop the establishment of places with Old King Cole over the mirrors and really first-class salami on the free lunch counter. \ Saloons need not be as gaudy as this. Where two or three are gathered together with a bottle and a couple of paper cups, you have the nucleus for a saloon. Now, some may ask why any individual should hie himself to n hole in the wall, once it becomes possible for him to get pure liquor at a reasonable price and drink it in the security and sweet contentment of his own home. That question bites so deeply into the soul of man that I can not answer it. I know only the facts and not the fundamental causes. Today, for instance, the intelligent householder who can find anybody who will sell him oranges and lemons and maybe an occasional grapefruit may easily concoct an excellent cocktail at a cost of about 12 1 a cents per drink. And yet that intelligent householder, upon the slightest pretext, will take himself and the whole party to a speakeasy where the drinks cost a dollar a throw and where he must pay 25 cents to get his straw hat back from the man at the door. * a tt We Get a Little Lonely 1 SUPPOSE that in this agonizing journey through life we all want love and companionship. We want to find somebody who hasn't yet heard the story about the doctor who put both hands on the man’s shoulder. We want to see and be seen. In other words, we want to go to

hundreds have eaten the same food, and develop symptoms about the same time after eating. The treatment is, moreover, relatively simple. Unless the stomach already has emptied itself by nature’s method of getting rid of the infection, the physician can wash out the stomach with warm water and can produce vomiting by any one of a number of methods. One of the simplest ways is to have the person drink three or four glasses of lukewarm water in which there are one or two teaspoonfuls of baking soda or salt. Another simple way merely is to put a finger down the throat. This initiates the vomiting and the irritation in the stomach will keep it up as long as is necessary. Next: Remedies for food poisoning.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

a saloon, speakeasy, or night club. The mere fact that Hoover is hoovering over the lawbreaker will not deter him. The saloon is as ancient as Babylon with its hanging gardens. And when Babylon fell, the saloon bounced back into life and went down through the ages, providing a place on the way for Shakespeares, Villons, and Samuel Johnsons. I happen to think that the saloon is a pleasant place, but even if I agreed with the point of view of those w'ho contend that it is evil, I still would insist upon its inevitability. “In no part of the United States,” says Mr. Hoover, “shall there be a return of the saloon.” But already I hear the happy tramp of the brewer’s big horses. Almost within my hand I can feel the comfortable curve of the pretzel bowl. “And though the army may be called out with all McCampbell’s horses and men plainly numbered, they will not suffice to sweep back the amber tide. “Make it five more beers, Charlie, and remind Mr. Duckworth that this is 4 his round. (Copyright. 1932. bv The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—My attention has been called to a communication to The Times in a recent issue criticising certain actions of Andrew N. Miller, superintendent of municipal nurseries in Riverside park. Particular attention was directed to the treatment of a block of birch trees. As I have first-hand knowledge of this action, may I have the privilege of space in your valued columns to correct the erroneous beliefs of your correspondent? During the spring of 1931, in connection with selection of plant material for the vicinity of the Taggart Memorial entrance to Riverside park, I had occasion to make a thorough inspection of the Riverside nurseries. Included in the plan for the memorial is naturalistic pool of considerable size in the low ground to the west, which also will serve as a reflecting basin. Lack of funds has prevented its completion, but planting plans were made, so it gradually can be developed. Among the plants it is proposed to use a number of white birches. Those familiar with birches in their natural habitat know how attractive they are, especially where ground has been cut over and the trees have spread with several stems from one root instead of one trunk. Such conditions are noted in clearings, especially along water courses, and along fence rows. Such growth of trees with many stems is known as coppice growth, and any tree with three or more stems or trunks familiarly is known as a coppice tree. During my inspection of the nursery, I saw a block of tall European white birch which offered a splendid opportunity to create a generous stock of coppice Dirches, which would be available not only for the memorial planting, but also for use along the streams of the city. Moreover, the trees had growm tall, with lower branches and were not of much value for ornamental planting. By cutting them back, they quickly would become available for most attractive planting. I strongly recommended to Miller that this be done, ansl it was carried out last fall. Th* growth

'AUG. 19, 1932 r

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Twenty - Four - Hour Watch Kept Every Day on Happenings in Our Sun. NO more privacy than a goldfish—lrvin Cobb's famous simile—applies these days to old SoL. For astronomers today keep continuous watch on the behavior of tho sun. Has anew rash of sun spots broken out on the sun's face? Its progress is watched by the astronomers with | the care of a mother keeping tab on baby's heat rash. I Has a geyser of flaming hydrogen and helium spouted up 50.000 miles ; or so from the sun’s outer atmos- ! phere? The astronomers are on the job. Two huge steel towers rear their I beads to the sky at the great observatory of the summit of Mt. Wilson, 6.000 feet above the sea. In other parts of the world are similar steel towers built on the Mt. Wilson pattern. There is one, for example, at Meudon, France. Another stands at Kodiakanal in India. Atop each steel tower is a dome, housing a mirror. Clockwork and electric motors turn the mirror so that it always catches the image of the sun. These mirrors arc the automatic eyes which watch the sun around the clock. Since the observatories are widely scattered in different parts of the world, the sun is always* above the horizon at one of them. It is possible, therefore, to keep the sun under twenty-four-hour watch when desirable. tt tt B Dr, Hale’s Invention THE great towers are known as solar telescopes. They are the invention of Dr. George Ellery Hale, honorary director of the Mt. Wilson observatory. A quarter of a century ago, whori the Carnegie Institution of Washington was embarking upon its program of scientific investigation, it called in Dr. Hale to organize the Mt. Wilson observatory. He had previously distinguished himself by organizing the great Yerkes observatory. It occurred to Dr. Hale that a special type of telescope would enhance the astronomer's ability to penetrate the secrets of the sun. Probably the most hopeful optimist would not have anticipated how successful Dr. Hale's program was going to be. Many problems which had baffled astronomers since the early days of civilization were solved with the solar telescopes. The ordinary telescope, built primarily to view' the objects of the night sky, benefits by the size of its lenses or mirrors. The big lens or mirror of such a telescope is a light-gatherer. The objects of the night sky are faint. Consequently, it is desirable to concentrate as much light as possible into the image formed by the telescope. But the light-gathering ability of the telescope is not the primary concern in the case of the sun. The sun is so bright that the astronomer can view it only through a special dark eyepiece, w'hich excludes most of the light and heat. Dr. Hale reasoned that what was w'anted in the case of the sun was a telescope which would give the largest possible image of the sun. # a Great Towers TO get a large image of the sun, a telescope with a long tube, or, to state it more scientifically, a telescope with a long focal length, was needed. A telescope built in the ordinary fashion would not turn the trick. So Dr. Hale designed the first of the two Mt. Wilson towers. It is seventy-five feet high. The mirror which catches the image of the sun is in the dome on top of the great steel tower. It reflects the image to* a second mirror, w'hich in turn reflects it down the center of the tower. At the bottom of the tow’er is a little house. The tube enters through the roof. The image of the sun is brought to a focus on a ta- ' ble top within the house. Suitable apparatus makes it possible to admit light from any portion of the sun’s image into spectroscopic apparatus situated in a weM beneath the tower. The seventy-five-foot tower telescope worked so well that a second one was built. This one is 150 feet high. The 150-foot tower telescope has revealed a wealth of detail about the sun which no telescope previously had shown. It revealed, for example, the fine structure of sun spots in a way in which it never had been seen before.

Daily Thoughts

The heaven shall reveal his iniquity; and the earth shall rise up against him. —Job 20:27. By the very constitution of our nature, evil is its own curse.—Chalmers. this season has been from three to four feet. Your correspondent seems to be laboring under the impression that some sort of catalpa was to be grafted on to the birch stumps. This, of course, would be impossible. Perhaps he was unfamiliar with the word “coppice,” and, hearing it, pronounced casually, mistook it for “catalpa.” Certainly no such procedure was intended. Incidentally, a visit to the Riverside nurseries would be enlightening to any one intrested in plants. While I have no connection w-ith the park department at this time, I have been familiar with its operation for twenty-one years. The nursery from its inception, during the administration of Dr. Henry Jameson, as president of the park board, and upon the recommendation of George E. Kessler, landscape architect, has been a valuable source of supply for plant material, and has been competently and conscientiously directed. LAWRENCE V. SHERIDAN, Consulting Landscape Architect. Editor Times—l wish to extend to you my thanks for your hearty co-operation in regard to installation of a radio broadcasting station in the Thirty-first Street Baptist church. Inasmuch as your paper has a great circulation, I feel that it has helped to convince many that such a station should be maintained. READER-