Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 74, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 August 1932 — Page 4

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The Cost of Unemployment Very definitely, the state administration and the special session of the legislature seems to have adopted war rather than relief as the permanent policy in dealing with unemployment. No one can criticise the sending of troops to Vigo county by Governor Leslie. The necessity was urgent. A state of war, with incidents of almost incredible brutality, existed. But the setting up of a fund of SIOO,OOO to be used only for the purpose of financing military sperations suggests* that there is an expectation that auch conditions will be repeated. Not a dollar was suggested for purposes of investifstion of the conditions that lead to such outbreaks. The truth is that this is not the usual labor war between organized and unorganzed workers. For months there has been little work in the mines. There has bdfen a disheartening delay in reaching any agreement that would permit miners to work and operators to profit. These men want work—not or.ly the unorganized miners who accept the wage offered, but the organized miners who have been living for months on scant supplies from their own commissary. Hungry men become savage men. They become desperate men. They are easily transformed in wolfish packs that snarl and bite and fight and kill. In this emergency it is lamentable that no leadership in this state has suggested that the best remedy is work, not war. It is more lamentable that no voice of power or authority, either in government, business, finance or labor has suggested that there is a duty to supply work to those who are willing to work. Instead of that we have the sickening theory that all society con do is to supply soldiers when desperate men with conflicting interests go into battle to kill each other. No response came to the appeal of workless men who have asked time and again for relief. There was none of the haste which accompanied the setting up of a war chest for the state. . Bread, bacon and beans are cheap upon the open market. They are plentiful. Bullets, as an answer to the problem of unemployment are likely to be costly—very, very costly.

Helping Business? One branch of the legislature has passed a measure designed to drive the owners of trucks out of business m order to force business men to patronize the railroads. That means a heavier cost of doing business or there would be no reason for the proposal. It means the consumer must pay. The frankness with which the railroads were exempted in the operation of the truck and bus lines they set up as subsidiaries to their lines reveals the real influence back of the proposal. A law making it criminal to operate any labor saving device is now logical. Or possibly one to tax all inventions so heavily that they can not be used. Deflating modern methods is not the real answer to depression. George Otis Smith George Otis Smith, whose first official as chairman of the federal power commission—dismissal of two employes who had been fighting for enforcement of the power act—almost ended his career, has written an important opinion. It was rendered in connection with a finding by the commission that the Alabama Power Company Is not entitled to charge up against the public more than six of the ten millions it claimed as cost of constructing its Mitchell dam project. While the four commissioners agreed on this proposition, Smith and Frank R. McNinch assigned reasons for so doing which, if they had been adopted by the whole board, would have set a precedent guaranteeing that companies shall not at any time capitalize the “inherent value’* of natural resources and include this capitalization in the base upon which rates and recapture charges are based. These two also condemned, in strong terms, the practice of increasing “costs’* by paying large profits to inter-company subsidiaries. These are sound principles. With Smith and McNinch subscribing to them, the outlook for fair, Intelligent administration of the water power act brightens appreciably.

A Business Proposition In his campaign to smoke out both presidential candidates on the debts-disarmament issue, Senator Borah is going strong. He has not gotten action out of Roosevelt or Hoover—not yet. But he rapidly is building the kind of public sentiment to which political candidates are very sensitive in a campaign year. At Minneapolis on Wednesday the senator spelled out for the special benefit of farmers his argument, directed ten days ago to business men, that joint debt and armament reduction is essential to revival of world trade and prosperity. His argument was effective, because it was realistic. The war debts are just and legal debts. But if their further reduction or cancellation will speed economic recovery, which in turn will reopen factories with foreign orders and take Americans out of the bread line, then it obviously is to the selfish advantage of the United States to reduce or cancel them. We agree with the senator that debt cancellation alone will not produce that desired result. That was proved when, in the so-called refunding settlement, we canceled these debts from 25 to 75 cents on the dollar. The net result of that former transaction merely was to liberate more European funds for waste on armaments. With 85 per cent of European taxes now going for war purposes, it is as futile as it is sentimental to talk of unconditional debt cancellation. But if removal of war debts as one of many obstructions to foreign trade can be linked with abolition of other trade barriers, then it becomes a sound business proposition. Virtually every one, from President Hoover down, gays that causes growing out of the World war are largely responsible for the world depression, of which the American depression is a part. Senator Borah takes the logical next step and proposes to abolish, so far as possible, these depression causes. The European nations at Lausanne have in effect wiped out all reparations. Now the related problems of debts and armaments, together with tariffs and America's anti-Russian trade policy, are blocking the way to recovery. Perhaps President Hoover is not so hostile to the Borah plan of trade debt reduction for aimgpent re*

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos ZH-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County *> cents a ’ copy; elsewhere. 3 eents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week Mail subscriutlon rates in Indiana. *3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD ^ LBT - m J!^ AED - EARL and. baker. m Editor I tesident Business Manager PHONE Riley 5551. FRIDAY, AUO. 5, 1932, Member of United Press Seripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper EnternrisoTsaoT elation, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Clrculationi “Give Light and the People Wiii Find Their Own Way.”

duction as official statements of policy seem to indicate. After all, it was Hoover who initiated the debt moratorium; it,was Hoover who asked congress to appoint another debt commission; and it was Hoover in his debt moratorium statement who stressed the connection between debts and disarmament. Perhaps Borah, instead of making it hot for Hoover or Roosevelt, really is preparing public opinion to accept this obvious plan when the more timid candidates decide it is safe to make the plunge. There is little doubt that the next President will be forced by events to Borah’s debt-armament position. ut business men, losing money, and the millions of unemp.oyed are tired of waiting; they want the government to try anything which has a reasonable chance of restoring prosperity. ' Roo “ velt are they will not wait too long to get aboard the band wagon which Borah is making popular. Rising Winds of Protest Another veterans’ organization has served notice on the country that it accepts no part of the responsibility for retaining the enormous’ bounties now eing paid to ex-soldiers whose disability was not incurred in war. First, the American Legion denied all responsiility for the disability pensions, by which some are receiving in the neighborhood of $100,000,000 a year. Now the Disabled American Veterans have announced that they will concentrate their efforts only on legislation designed to help men with serviceconnected disabilities. What these two powerful veterans’ organizations do, for all practical purposes, is deny both the equity and soundness of the type of veterans’ legislation represented by the disability act. Congress has been less timorous of late regarding legislation affecting veterans If the American Legion and the Disabled American Veterans succeed, by their stand on this legislation, in stiffening congress to the point of repealing, or radically modifying, the abuses of the veterans relief legislation, these two organizations indeed will have done a great public service. That is a public service that well could be emulated by all ex-soldiers, regardless of organization affiliations. It is public service no less important and patriotic than their original response to the call to arms. One of the most important jobs confronting the next session of congress is this whole subject of reform of veterans’ relief. Abuses contained in certain types of legislation affecting veterans are familiar to every one. The murmur of a rising wind of protest has been heard whispering through the corridors and around the pillars of the national capitol. Congress has cocked a receptive ear. A joint committee from the house and senate has been authorized and appointed to investigate the whole system of veterans’ relief. This committee consists of ten men, five from the house, five from the senate. If the work of the committee —which is to start this fall —is to be more than a rubber stamp, its members must be courageous, clear-thinking men, with keen understanding of the obligations that lie between a demobilized army and the bulk of the nation’s citizenry. The committee should waste no time on trimmers or demagogs.

Not so Wet After thirteen years of noble experimenting, Finland repealed its dry law, and on April 5 last legalized the sale of liquor under state monopoly and strict regulation of drinking. “Finland's liquor consumption has declined steadily in recent weeks,” reports the director of the government liquor monopoly. Alcoholism and drunkenness l.ave decreased. Even the sale of Finland’s whisky tipple, called schnapps, which the Finns learned to drink profusely under prohibition, has fallen to sfich extent that the largest state distillery has been closed for a fortnight. It is pointed out that the decline in drinking, due partially to hard times and high liquor prices, also shows that the nation is more temperate ■ than in prohibition times. Finland and the United States of America started together on the prohibition short cut to temperance. Both got bogged. Finland had the gumption to get back on the high road. How long will we keep floundering? We don't blame Massachusetts for raising a row over a portrait of a Governor with his hands in his pockets. It just doesn’t look natural for a politician to have his hands in his own pockets.

Just Every Day Sense Bv Mrs. Walter Ferguson

THE longer I live, the more convinced I am that men are generally wrong. And certainly the modern woman's greatest mistake has been her silly imitation of the male. She has been too timid to be feminine, but must need strive to be a lesser sort of man, with none of her native naturalness and wisdom and all his bombast and error. Nearly all our instincts are opposed to those of men. Yet the world speedily is going to ruin because we continue to cater to masculine favor and take it for granted that we are intellectually inferior. We are not. In the most important issues of life men are the simpletons and the cowards. They are ready victims of traditional prejudice and are as reluctant to experiment with new theories for the public welfare as they are to change the style of their evening clothes. Although they may recognize a mistake, it will take them forty years to correct it. They call themselves patriots because they fight, yet they permit greed to wreck their country in times of peace. They call themselves builders, yet they destroy more than they create. a a a AND women are failing in business and politics and the home because they foolishly relinquish their idealism to substitute man's practicality, which they have been told means progress. We know that a smattering of the thrift and good sense we practice at home would, if applied to our government, mean a balanced budget and less taxes. We know it is possible for neighbors to get along without shooting each other over the backyard fence, and that nations could do likewise if they applied the principles of neighborliness to each other. We know’ that property has been and still is protected at the expense of life, and that no lasting prosperity thus can be established. Knowing all these things, shall we still fear to challenge male'opinion? Challenge it we must if we are. .to save America for our children. Masculine materialism already has failed. There is hope for the world only through humanitarian causes, championed by women, but championed as yet too half-heartedly.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says;

Mayor Jimmy Walker Has a Lovable Personality, but a Servile Mind. By United Prtes NEW YORK. Aug. s.—Judge Seabury's rebuttal closes Che | Walker case as far as evidence and pleadings are concerned. Nothing remains but for Governor Roosevelt to render a decision. Outside of needless delay, which no one expects, only two courses i are open to him. He either must oust or whitewash the mayor of New York. From a political standpoint, the situation is not only dramatic, but full of dynamite. As Democratic Governor of the greatest state, the Democratic presidential nominee is asked to remove the Democratic mayor of the greatest city by a Democratic prosecutor. Still, Mr. Walker says he has been “framed” by Republicans. # tt u Loses Some Either Way Thousands upon thousands of voters think they know what Governor Roosevelt ought to do. If he does it, they will prove the courage of their convictions by voting for him. If not, they just will get mad. The worst of it is, they are not all on one side, and Governor Roosevelt is bound to make some of them mad, no matter what he does. How much consideration Governor Roosevelt is giving to this asj pect of the Walker case, no one j knows, but the great majority of us i would like to believe that he is not giving up. The issue goes deeper than partisanship, even though most of those involved are admittedly partisan. Not only public welfare, but common decency, is at stake. It is not necessary to accuse, much less convict, Mayor Walker of heinous crimes to realize that he represents a political philosophy which condones and encourages them on the part of others. Though technically pure in his own conduct, he stands for a code which breeds incompetence and corruption. tt tt a Mind Is Servile Mayor jimmy walker has a lovable personality, but a servile mind. He admits being a loyal, obedient organization man, which means that in case of a showdown he would tgke orders. Those orders might be contrary to the public interest without being contrary.to the letter of the law. The letter of the law is not particularly comprehensive, as our court records show. It appears to permit many things that are contrary to public interest. That’ explains why machine politics is dangerous and why we need independent, courageous public officials. Whether Mayor Walker typifies New York, as his admirers contend, he falls far short of being an ideal official in the average American’s mind. He is too adaptable, too accommodating, too willing to be bossed. His very cleverness indicates a fundamental weakness. Such nimbleness does not go with strength. tt tt tt Man-Made Justice Childish SOME of the charges brought against Mayor Walker look rather childish in cold type, but that is because man-made justice is rather childish. T t never has been able to define or cope with the subtler defects and foibles. Such vices as lack of independence, lack of sincerity, lack of depth, and lack of coufage are quite beyond statutory regulation. The best we can do with law is to seize on a few obtrusive if unimportant details. A1 Capone is in prison for dodging the income tax, but who believes that th was his real or greatest offense? Mayor Walker is being tried on his record, with the law picking out a few incidents for the purpose of illustration. Governor Roosevelt could not and will not admit as much officially, but everybody knows it. There is no popular misunderstanding of the issue. Those who believe in machine politics think Mayor Walker should be cleared. Those who do not, think he should be removed. The former are necessarily more partisan than the latter, because machine politics is based on extreme partisanship.

Questions and Answers

When did the eighteenth amendment become effective? Midnight, Jan. 16, 1920. What relationship is the first cousin of my father to me? First cousin once removed. What is the annual allowance for travel expenses of the President of the United States? * He has $25,000 for travel and official entertainment; Where is the original of the proverb, “A house divided against itself can not stand"? The Bible, Luke 1:17. What is the origin of the name “drawing room?” It is a shortening of the original name, “withdrawing room," a room, as the name indicates, to which people withdraw after banquets.

Your Questions Answered

You can get an answer to any answ’erable question of fact or information by writing to Frederick M. Kerby, Question Editor, Indianapolis Times Washington Bureau, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, enclosing 3 cents in coin or postage stamps for reply. Medical and legal advice can not be given, nor can extended research be made. All other questions will receive a persona] reply. All letters are confidential. You are cordially invited to make use of this free service as often as you please. Let our Washington Bureau help with your problems.

"TT ; I

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Skin Infections Are Affliction of Age

This is the fourth of a series of six articles by Dr. Fishbein on Good Health at 60. Others will follow daily. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine. THE changes that occur in the skin of the aged are due to gradual loss of activity on the part of the glands and of the tissues responsible for immunity. Because the aged are likely to be a little less scrupulous in the care of the skin, slight infections occur repeatedly. There also are bed sores. Itching is a stimulus to severe scratching and secondary infections take place in the scratches. The blood vessels may lose their contrastile power and there are occasionally tiny hemorrhages under the skin. One of the most severe conditions that affects the aged is the reaction called herpes zoster.

IT SEEMS TO ME by h ™ d

WE didn’t catch any swordfish, and I am just as well pleased. There is no honest difference of opinion between us. If they want to make anything out of it, I must admit that I have eaten swordfish. Not the whole fish, of course, but just a three or four-pound steak, which hardly would be noticed out of the total gross. Seemingly, the business of being a swordfish fisherman amounts to a life work. No one has a right to expect to sail out into the broad Atlantic and catch one right off the Moreover, tyie code of sportsmanship which prevails is too exacting. It is, I gather, no great trick to harpoon these monsters of the deep, but, according to the rules, there is no credit in such a capture. Only the professionals do that. Distinctly, I wish to remain an amateur fisherman. In all too many of the arts, I’ve lost my standing. For instance, I’m a professional columnist, lecturer, actor and painter. I hasten to add that lam using the word “professional’’ solely in the sense of somebody who gets paid for something whether he deserves it or not. a tt Hard to Be Honorable AMATEUR anglers go to great lengths to keep their record without blemish. I met a man at Montauk Point who has given over six solid years to the effort to catch a swordfish in the right and proper manner. He was pretty wistful about it, because, after all these winters in Florida and summers in Montauk, he still has been frustrated in his ambition. Once, so he told me with great pride, he hooked a 300-pounder, and the ensuing battle lasted for five and a half hours. At the end of that time he drew the fish, exhausted, to the side of the boat. “Well, you had him all right then,’’ I ventured. “No,’’ he said sadly. “Just as we were getting a rope around his tail he gave a final lurch and the hook dropped out of his mouth.’’ They never met again. It seemed

& T ?s9£ Y • WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

GERMANS MAKE STAND Aug. 5 ON Aug. 5, 1918, German replacement divisions made a determined stand on the Vesle river and succeeded in slowing up the victorious drive of French and American troops. British troops resumed the offen- : sive in Picardy and made several j minor gains. Paris again was bombarded by the long-range German gun. Slight damage was reported. Submarines again were active. The British transport Warilda. carrying 800 wounded, was torpe- | doed in the English channel and 123 lives were lost. The American tanker Luz Blanca was sunk off Halifax and the ; schooner Stanley L. Seaman was 1 torpedoed 100 miles, off Cape Hat--1 '.eras. * '

Another Hunger Striker

It is a form of shingles which develops along the course of a nerve and which in the aged may be exceedingly painful. Moreover, once the attack has passed, the pains may continue and return at intervals without the eruption. These conditions must be watched closely and treated immediately. Os course, the aged suffer frequently with dizziness, due to many possible causes. Sometimes it is due to accumulated hard wax in the ear, sometimes to changes that have taken place in the internal ear; frequently it is associated with high blood pressure, hardening of the arteries, and changes in the circulation of the blood in the brain. Sometimes a result is a difficulty of co-ordination between the eye, the ear, and the sense of balance, so that the aged may stagger or fall when the eyes are raised suddenly or under some similar stimulus.

tragic to me, because I have to work very hard to be a real sportsman. It doesn’t come quite natural. If I had wrestled with a swordfish, or a perch for that matter, for five and a half hours I would feel entitled to permanent possession. After so great sacrifice to the cause of improving the breed, or whatever the current excuse happens to be for swordfish fishing, I would as soon use harpoon, hatchet or a net. I would not even think it despicable to call up Spring 7-3100 and ask for a policeman. tt tt u Remained an Amateur < BUT my friend was made of sterner stuff. He watched his swordfish wriggle off and disappear, consoled by the thought that he had taken no mean advantage of him. But that, I think, is carrying a code too far. Even a swordfish would be capitous if he objected to an angler’s reaching down and grabbing him between thumb and forefinger after five and one-half hours of effort. We saw a swordfish, but, fortunately, he wasn’t in the mood for the menu which we set before him. There I stood in the back of a small boat, rocked, by the ocean swell and hoping that the big quarry would be sullen enough to reject my timid proffer of a piece of squid. No sane man with a vacation of only two weeks wants to spend the better part of a day bickering with a swordfish. After the first half hour,

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—l was gratified to see that your paper gave the bonus men a square deal. Any intelligent person would grasp the situation and know that Hoover bungled. His action was heartless, thoughtless, and cowardly. It will cost him many votes—not that he deserves any. This was an example of his lack of diplomacy and ability to handle situations. Mr. Hoover profited handsomely by the war and has received his payments and should be the first to sympathize with the ex-soldiers. He is absolutely selfish and devoid of understanding. The sacrifice of human life did not concern him or bother his conscience. He was highly pleased with a cowardly job. The family of the slain soldier should be paid indemnity. ELIZABETH HIATT GREGORY. Editor Times—Some time ago I read in your paper that President Hoover was planning to make it possible for a laboring man to own his own home. It’s my sincere hope that he succeeds. I have been a resident of Indianapolis for a great many years, and during this time have purchased three lots of ground priced at $350 a lot. On these I have built two cheap cottages, which, if put on the market today, would bring almost SSOO apiece, with the understanding that the purchaser finish paying off the Barrett. I owe $1,400 on these lots, excluding the Barrett. I was unable to meet my taxes when they were due, necessitating a month’s delay. The amount of my taxes for six months was $23.97 and they charged me $2.40, or 10 per cent, lor not paying on time. This additional charge was quite

One of the diseases more likely to occur in the aged than in the young is paralysis agitans, or the shaking palsy. Although this disease may occur in youth, the vast majority of cases occur in people between 50 and 70 years of age. The disease occurs twice as often in men as in women. It is marked by tremor of the hands, with a pillrolling movement, and it tends to progress, running a complete course in from ten to fifteen years. The aged should be especially careful to consult a good physician when any of the symptoms described in this article occur. While they may be simple results of old age, without more serious implication, they should be checked at frequent intervals by the family doctor. Tomorrow: Combating time.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

I would be inclined to lean over the rail and say, “Isn’t there some way in which we can submit this whole business to arbitration?” Everything but ‘ honor was satisfied when he sniffed and strode away. ft tt u Not as a Steady Diet AS a matter of fact, I doubt that I ever shall take up deep sea fishing in any serious way. Skeptics have stood at the bank of Hale Lake and watched contemptuously my efforts to snare bullheads. And they have been prone to grow rhapsodic about the joys of fishing for mackerel, channel bass and tuna. But even these generously molded fish can be coy at times. Tuna fish were just as firm in declining the bait I offered as the wary minnows of Hale Lake. We raced full twenty miles off shore, and all I got was some sort of outlaw bass weighing three-quar-ters of a pound and quite unedible. Not catching fish is just as much fun when you are nearer home. But it was not so much my ill success as the sight of efficient triumphs which turned my heart away from angling. Two men in a small boat were taking in their nets, and wiUi my own eyes I saw them shoveling vast numbers of finny treasures. They scooped up more in one second than I have ever caught in a lifetime. Amateurism isn’t worth the candle. For exchange—one rod and reel for a good stout net. f Copyright. 1932. bv The Times)

fair in itself, but they also charged me an added tax of $6.90, which made my net taxes $33.27. Os Course, I was aware that some one should have to pay for the socalled park board, charity help, baskets of food for the unemployed, washing our statehouse at the cost of $64,000, and for picking up rubbish along our highways, with two men in a state truck having a good time out of it. However, I didn’t think my share need bo so comparatively great. P. S. THOMAS.

Millions of Them Literally millions of “snapshots” will be taken by the family cameras at the beach, on the auto trip and wherever Americans go to seek recreation and health this summer. Snapshots of the baby—snapshots of cousin Mary—snapshots of the girl—and snapshots of the boy. It’s lots more fun taking pictures if you know something about photography, and still more fun if you develop and print your own. Our Washington bureau has ready for you one of its bulletin* on AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY, that contains elementary instructions for beginners, and covers developing, fixing, washing, printing, toning and general instructions on the photographic art. You will’ find it interesting and instructive. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 193, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I waist a copy of the bulletin AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and No City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

;AUG. 5, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

We Are All Children of the Sun; If It “Went Out,” the Story of Life on Earth Would Be Over. SUMMER is a season of cheerfulness. because it is a season of bright sunshine. Something within mankind responds to the call of the sun. It has been so since the early days of humanity. Perhaps, there is some deep-seated biological reason. Animals instinctively seek the sun for its health-giving rays. That same instinct, perhaps, lurks in mankind. We are all children of the sun. Our earth and all that is upon it, the green trees, the flowers, the birds and animals, ourselves, too, for that matter, were all, once upon a time, white hot gases in the outer regions' of the sun. According to the generally accepted theory, our earth and its moon, and the other planets and their moons or satellites, all originated from gaseous material which was pulled out of the sun by the gravitational influence of a star which passed by our sun. No one, of course, knows how life came into existence upon this earth. But most authorities think that it was the energy of sunlight which called life into existence. Living matter, or protoplasm, to give it the scientific name, is distinguished from nonliving matter by the possession of an excess store of energy. a ft a Origin of Life MANY authorities think that living matter originated in the tidal pools, the region along the edge of the sea, where little pools of water are left behind by the recession of the tide. Here in the sands, they think, various mixtures of salts were left behind by the receding waters. One day, the proper combination of chemical materials formed a thin film upon the sands, a glu-likc mixture of the kinds which chemists call colloidal. The sun beat down upon this colloidal film and it began to absorb the energy' of the sunlight. Its excess energy turned the tiny colloidal globules into little bundles of activity and they floated away upon the returning tide as the first globules of living matter. Thus, many authorities believe, life started upon earth with the aid of the energy yf sunlight. Life today is dependent upon sunlight. The earth receives its heat and light from the sun. If the sun suddenly were to go out, nothing would remain but the feeble glow of the stars. The moon and planets, which shine by reflected sunlight, would become invisible. The temperature of the earth would drop to zero in less than a day. By the end of a few days, the oceans, the lakes and the river# would be frozen solid. Soon after, the earth’s atmosphere would begin to freeze. It would fall to the earth's surface as a layer of liquid air. Then this layer of liquid air would itself freeze. The story of life on the earth would be over. a a a Plants Need Sun SUNLIGHT is needed to maintain life. Plants grow by the aid of sunlight. Our food is either plants or animals who in their turn live upon plants. It is obvious, therefore, that if plants stopped growing, we all would starve to death. The energy which plants need to grow is the energy of sunlight. The process involved is known as photosynthesis. Plants with the aid of sunlight build up their tissues from the carbon dioxide of the air and the water of the soil. The carbon dioxide and water are Ijut together with the energy of sunfight into carbohydrates. The commonest carbohydrates are sugars and starches. Further processes within the plant tissues change some of the carbohydrates into fats and proteins. Sunlight also plays- an important part in the growth of animals. Rickets, a disease in which the bones fail to grow and develop properly, occurs when infants—or young animals of any sort—do not get enough sunlight. Many ancient peoples worshiped the sun. Os all the ancient worship of material things, that of the sun was the most reasonable. For the role which the sun plays in life hardly cari be overestimated. Professor Edwin B. Frost of the Yerkes observatory has said that if he were inclined to worship any material thing, he could find none more worthy than the sun. Today, however, w e have carried worship from the material to the spiritual plane.

Daily Thoughts

Learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.—lsaiah 1:17. A rich man without charity is a rogue.—Fielding.