Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 71, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 August 1932 — Page 4

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sen I p P J - H OW am i>

The German Election In the Gorman election, the parties of moderation and ppacc lost The parties of pxtreme nationalism. the war partips. and the revolutionists won. That is the significance of the Hitler Fascists doodling their popular vote since 1930. and the Communists increasing their strength to 14 per cent of thr total The romdinpd reactionary parties of the right polled more than 45 per cent of the total. They control Germany without having sn actual majority. The Communists hold the balance of power. , It is true that, Hitler failed of his desired majority and that his vote virtually was the same as last spring. But. ol more importance, the German electorate has invited continuance of the present thinly disguised dictatorship. General Kurt von Schleicher, who represents the worst of the old Prussia, still is the dictator behind Chancellor Von Papen. That means trouble for Germany. It means trouble for the rest of the world, the United States included. But before blaming the German people for this rapid drift to extremes, it would be well for us to remember the cause. Probably no other nation would have been so long-suffering and patient as Germany under the unjust and degrading Versailles treaty. It branded her with the lie of sole war guilt. It took away her colonies and much of her trade. It destroyed her economic independence and reduced her to little more than a political vassal of the allies. Asa result, the German people have suffered as few nations ever have suffered—suffered not only in loss of pride and self-respect, but in starvation. After years of waiting for the allies to keep their treaty pledge to disarm as they disarmed her, and otherwise to restore the status of‘equality which is her right, Germany inevitably has begun to listen to extremists, who promise to liberate her by means other than the peaceful methods which seem to have failed her. • We do not believe peaceful methods have failed finally. We hope the great German people can be patient a little longer. There is basis for that hope. In France there is a generous attitude toward Germany for the first lime since the war—the renunciation of reparation is proof of that. In England there is a growing demand to correct the injustices of Versailles. In the United States leaders such as Senator Borah are working for a new international settlement. Germany should be patient and hope, because her welfare has become the key to world peace and prosperity. There is a good chance that she will get justice, because it now is to the selfish interest of other nations to reduce armaments, debts, and tariffs and thus prevent another world war, which would destroy us all.

AY hen Winter Comes . The Rel of autumn already is in the air, and soon the fourth winter of suffering: will be upon us. Relief agencies are mobilizing for their biggest battles against cold, illness and hunger. A call has been issued by J. Herbert Case of New York, president of the Association of Community Chests and Councils, lor a conference in Washington on Sept. 15. He announces that Newton D. Baker will head an 'national citizens' committee of the welfare and relief mobilization of 1932. Both of these news items are encouraging. The coming mobilization of all national leaders charged with relief services, the largest gathering of its kind, is a frank recognition that the need is desperate and the burden will fall chiefly upon the same agencies that have carried it in the past. The name of Baker gives assurance that the need will be met humanely and realistically. No one more than these social workers knows how somber the picture is. Family reserves are gone, cities and states are impoverished. The much-publicized federal relief loan fund of $300,000,000 is pathetically inadequate. For 1932 the community chests have raised SIOO.000 000, a sum 20 cent greater than the same chests raised for 1931. Yet President William Green of the American Federation of Labor estimates that in the coming winter there will be 13,000,000 jobless—2,ooo,900 more than now. ‘ The winter of 1932 and 1933 will bring with it a greater need for funds and still greater difficulties in obtaining them.” said Case. -The federal relief appropriation can not in any measure cover the relief needs of the country. "There is no disguising the fact that, even with fedeici aid and with each community contributing to the utmost of its ability, it is going to be exceedingly difficult to meet all demands for assistance which will come this winter.” Especially important is the initial statement by Mr. Baker, stressing the fact that relief should extend beyond food for the hungry. Social work other than relief, particularly all the character building and character preserving work, must not be scrapped. This work is not a luxury of the rich. It is an essential reconciliation of our industrial system to the needs of humanity. "To permit the forces of social work to be scattered and demoralized would be a national disaster.” Shall We Tax Opportunity or Prosperity? In Collier s magazine. Calvin Coolidge resents his ba.-uc notions regarding justice in taxation. He thus expresses his major thesis; "Nothing seems clearer than that if the people pre to control the government, they must pay the taxes to support it. These two go together. And. second, if the people are to have opportunity to own property of the nation, they must pay the taxes on ft. These two go together. Power and responsibility can not be separated.” To this we may make a number of obvious end cogent rejoinders. If the people really controlled the government, they might be expected to support it. All that even a radical asks in present taxation policy is that those who do control our government contribute more equitably toward its support. It is a rash proposal, however, to suggest that we tax people for their alleged opportunities. The opportunity to hold property should not be taxed, but the actual possession of property. The masses have oceans of opportunities in abstract theory, but only a few drops of income-paying properly. • We will agree that power and responsibility should not be separated. That is all exponents of high taxation propose. They merely desire to impose the burden of support on those who have power to pay. But they run into the age-old fact that these who

The Indianapolis Times (A *CRIITS-HOWAR|> NEWSPAPER) OwnKl *nd published (lail.v (eicept Sunday) by The Indianan.,li* Times Puhli.hin* 214 22U West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, fnd Price in Marion ’ copy ;'visewhere, a cetus-deliren dby rarrler 12 rents a w "ek V n .ion rates in Indiana, >3 a year; outside of Indiana Zn, h P ‘ BOYD GLULET. ROY W HOWARD. BAKER K<ilt ! r I,resldent Business Manager PH ON K-KHoy MM. , ,ov, Member of United Press Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise As.oe r Information Serrlce and Audit Bureau of Circulations “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

have economic power have political power-the political power to evade taxation. Mr. Coolidge is fond of referring us to history for examples. Let him use his leisure for r few days looking up what happened to Rome when those able to pay dodged th°ir taxes. Or let him inform himself on th results of tax evasion by the rich and the exploitation of the poor in the eighteenth century France. Inbased Propaganda Complaints from American business men against the killing of Russian trade in this country are becoming more bitter. They point out that Soviet purchases here, after reaching a peak of *149,000,000 in 1930, dropped to $51,000,000 in 1931 and now have fallen away to a negligible $5,500,000 for the first six months of this year. Typical of those complaining is a New York manufacturer of crushing, mining and cement machinery, whose factory has been closed because of the loss of Soviet purchases. This firm, in a letter to a prominent United States senator, reported by our Washington correspondent, charges that while the federal government refuses to aid in letrieving lost business, the department of commerce is issuing unsubstantiated warnings to American business against engaging in trade with Russian agencies. The complaining firm declares in its letter that Russia prefers American manufacturers and if given fair treatment would expand its buying here to astounding figures. This view is based on the impressive fact that the Soviet last year was our heaviest buyer of industrial machinery. But if the Russian purchases were now but at their 1930 peak of $149,000,000 the business would be a godsend. The Hoover administration recently has allowed inklings of a changed viewpoint to get abroad if plain common sense and justice is not enough, the desperation of the growing army of the workless ought speedily turn the scale toward a practical trade arrangement with Russia.

aw h , . to ,!? c Econom ics and Socilogy A lot of old ones” have been pulled during the current depression, but nothing is more redolent of the cave age than the assertion of Colonel Robert I Rees that about 60 per cent of the unemployed today ei hci aie defectives who can not hold jobs or floating and unstable persons incapable of working at skilled trades or holding any position for long. Every student of sociology and economics recognizes this at once as one of the oldest "gags” in the history of social philosophy. It also is a fine example of what the psychologists call the mechanism of projection," namely, the tendency to excuse our own faults by blaming somebody else for real or alleged sins. No sensible social scientist doubts that there are many defectives among (he laboring classes, some of this deficiency being due to inadequate nutrition and care. Many can not fulfill the responsibilities of any important job. But trying to pass the buck for the unemployment situation to labor not only is unfair, but also ignores the \ital causes which must be recognized and abated if capitalism to survive. Fuither, this hypothesis of deficiency and nomadism is a double-edged sword. What would happen if we were to apply it to many of the absentee owners among the second and third generation of millionaires? If some poor laborer is too deficient in native ability to hold down a $2-a-day job, what about a poison of comparable mental and physical endowment who is holding down a million-dollar income?

There s nothing like a change of scenery and environment for widening the mental horizon. For instance, A1 Capone says from his Atlanta work bench, "Rackets get you nowhere but here.” Mussolini now' constitutes a majority of the Italian cabinet, having taken over six more places. If he keeps that up, a cabinet conference will soon be just Mussolini talking to himself. When the White House guards held up Daniel Willard, president of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, thinking he wa a bonus marcher, they made quite a mistake. The railroads got their bonus months ago. Many Chicagoans were greatly relieved when they read in the papers that a real snake had been in the loop section from midnight until 9 a. m. the other days. *

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

TT is not surprising to learn that Henry L. Mencken . a , ls a /°° d husband. The chances are that his raarita Perfections will not diminish with the years For Mr. Mencken not only is an inteliigent man but a passionate defender of human rights. And to t\r\ hUman dghtS always include Justice and fair play for women and wives. The dumb man. like the dumb woman is the poorest matrimonial bet. He is filled with silly premdices and superstitious traditions. Never ‘ havine thought much about anything, he certainlv will not exercise his feeble wits pondering the rights of his partner in marriage. Possibly, being reared in the cult of male superiority by divine right, he will think she should have none. . Fm men, taken as a whole, do not use their brains in matrimony. I have known fine lawyers who had made vast fortunes, but who did not apply common sense, much less reason and logic, to their family scraps. I hate known ministers who preached the forgiveness of sins and love for ones neighbor who were as hard-headed and hard-hearted about the frailties of their wives and children as a thirteenth century despot. * U U T HAVE known doctors who could diagnose all the psychological ills of their friends, but who never tried to study those of their own menage. I have known merchants who knew the value of honesty and courtesy in business, but who practiced neither on their wives. I have known politicians who could soft-soap voters year after year, who were ruthless in their homes. Many men who have a reputation for intelligence are not so in the larger meaning of the word. For true intelligence is the capacity to know and understand. a readiness of comprehension, and this surely must include the ability to know and understand the problems of ones wife. Happy and perfect marriage is possible only when two beings on an equal plane of intelligence are in complete physical, mental, and spiritual accord. Rare as such unions, may be, they suffice to keep alive the hope that is imperishable in every heart.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

The Same Old Mess Results From Germany's Election —-Vo Majority for Any Party. NEW YORK. Aug. 2.—Germany's latest election seems to have resulted in the same old mess—ten or a dozen parties, fallirg into three principal groups, but no majority. The Hitlerites, or Fascists, more than doubled their representation in the reichstag. but increased their popular vote very little. Sixtv-eight of the 123 seats they gained were at the expense of smaller parties, which have been voting with them. Besides, their gains were somewhat offset by Catholic and Communist gains. The Hitlerites now control 230 seats of a total of 602 in the reichstag. Because of four smaller parties which usually vote with them, they can rely on 277. In the old reichstag, they could muster 222. That means that they have gained fifty-five, but still are twenty-five short of a majority.

Middle Group Loses NEXT to the Hitlerites, comes the Center, composed of Socialists, Catholics and five minor parties, # with a total strength of 241. In the old reichstag, the strength of this group was 258, which indicates a loss of 17. The Communists rank third, just as they did before, but with a gain of 12. which gives them 89. Thus both ends appear to have gained at the expense of the middle. though hardly enough to warrant any prophecies. The most one can say is that Germany seems to be dissatisfied with her present form of government, but is undecided whether to turn Fascist or Bolshevist. Maybe, she will do neither in the end.

Socialism Fits Anywh’ere NAMES do not mean the same thing in Germany that they mean here. The Hitlerites are supposed to favor return of the monarchy, but they call themselves National Socialists. The Center group is supposed to favor retention of the republic, but the 214 seats which it controls, 137 are held by Socialists. Asa matter of fact, three of every four members of the reichstag are what we w’culd call anti-capitalist. That, however, is not half as radical as it sounds. Socialism had made considerable progress in Germany while it was still an empire. In this connection, it is just as well to remember that Socialism rests on economics, rather than politics, and can be introduced unaer most any form of government. Rome was much more highly socialized as an empire than as a republic. Old Peru, though an absolute monarchy, was highly socialized, with. the state owning about everything, controlling about everything, and providing about everything.

Our Standards Differ WE Americans should not attempt to appraise politics in other countries by our own standards. They fit our system of government. which is one reason, and not the least important, why we have it. We know what a big part the old New England town meeting played in forming this republic. European countries weren't blessed wuth the towm meeting, but they had other institutions to serve a similar purpose. Germany had the vehm, only to mention one illustration, and Russia the village co-operative. Popular ideas of how' a national government should be formed today have their roots in the village customs of centuries ago. Statecraft is not made at the t-op, but at the bottom. You can go back to fifteenth-cen-tury England and find the germ of many an American institution. You can go back to fifteenth-century German or Russia and find an explanation for many things which their people now are doing. History still has a profound bearing on human progress.

Questions and Answers

What does habeas corpus mean? It is a writ, directed to the person detaining another and commanding him to produce the body of the prisoner at a certain time and place, to do, submit to, and receive whatever the court or judge awarding the writ shall consider in that behalf. Who was the father of the biblical character Rispah? Aia. W r hat is the title of the song played as an introduction to “Tarzan, the Ape-Man”” “Vooddoo Dance,” by Richelovie. Is there a river named the Fasig? It is in the Philippine islands.

m TODAY Jt@ sy* IS THE- SH> WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY °7)f SOISSONS TAKEN Aug. 2 ON Aug. 2, 1918. victorious French troops occupied Soissons, which had been evacuated during the preceding night. The German army corps which had been operating in the Marne salient was reported retreating rapidly. American and French regiments advanced five miles north of Fere-en-Tardenois and French outposts were established in the deserted town of Ville-en-Tardenois. German losses during the battle which began as their fifth offensive on July 15 and ended in their most decisive defeat in years, were estimated at more than 250.000 men by allied observers. The balance of power on the western front definitely had swung to the allies, and neither Germany nor her allies was on the offensive on any active front.

Showing Which Way the Wind Blows!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Few Reach Century Mark in Age

This is the first of a series of six articles bv Dr. Fishbein on Good Health after 60. In this series he explains the nitfalls to health for the ased and tells how to avoid them. The remaining articles will be published daily in The Times. BY DR, MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia. the Health Magazine. A LTHOUGH 100 years of life is •*- possible to human beings, only thirty people in 3,000,000 reach that age. And more than two-thirds of the persons who do reach that age are women. The reason for this latter fact is that women usually are less exposed to accident and infection and, what is more important, are more apt to lead temperate lives. Census figures from Great Britain show' that the average number ol persons more than 100 in the British Isles is about 110, and that eighty of this number are women. These figures are not absolutely

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times Quoting the Chronique Politique, Revue Hebdomadaire, Paris. July 2: Will somebody request the Americans kindly to leave us alone? By what right do they try to regiment us? They refused to participate in the League of Nations. That is their business —we do not reproach them. But they should be logical, and not essay to control its work, Behold, however, their President, Hoover, cabling ultimatums, expounding what we must do, fixing limits to our military expenditures, and regulating European budgets. We know that the American people are the greatest ever seen on earth. We have been told so often enough. But in the shelter of their ocean defense, they understand nothing of our disquieting problems. Our history records the many aggressions we have had to resist. The Americans should oblige by leaving us to defend our frontiers as we see fit. Our request is the better founded in that we know some of the masters of America. It is the German element that, on the eve of a national election President Hoover mus’ - try to handle. The French element in America is negligible in an election. And it is the internal politics of the United States which inspire their foreign policy. It may be said that I am not up to date, and that the United States intervenes in our affairs in the interest of economics, and that they have a right to speak in the present world crisis. Very well, let them speak. But to collaborate, not direct. All that we know of their theories and organization does not seem to qualify them as masters. They have erected a system, based upon ideas that seem almost childish, and the system has broken’down. They had made us believe the secret of perpetual prosperity was found. It was so agreeable to believe that in renouncing dull economy and making full use of credit, everybody might make his fortune. Automobiles, baths, libraries! No more poverty! Mr. Hoover, as secretary of com-

Ever Make It? Ever make iced cocoa, coconutade, colonel’s mint cup. currant punch, lemon snow, orange honey cocktail, grape punch, prohibition mint julep, spruce beer, Turkish punch? These and dozens more of home-made, nonalcoholic drinks are explained, and directions lor making them are contained in our Washington Bureau's bulletin on the subject. You will find in it dozens of refreshing and delicious drinks —some of which you never heard of—with full directions for concocting. Fill out the coupon below and give your family or your guests a new' kind of drink. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 194, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin. HOME-MADE NONALCOHOLIC DRINKS, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: t NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

accurate, since most old people are proud of their age and tend to exaggerate. For example, in nearly every census, more people who give their ages as over 91 are found than people who give their ages as between 85 and 90. British health authorities assume that many jump from 85 to 91 in a year or two. However, the span of life is increasing gradually. And in time we may expect to have more and more people above 90. The chief reason for this remains the rapid decline in death rates for Infants. Thus, a man born in 1854 had a life expectancy of 40 years. Now, he reasonably may expect to live to be 59. Having reached the age of 60, a man's expectancy of life now is 14' 2 ! years and a woman's 16 years. Since heredity seems to play a I large part in longevity, it is con-

merce, preached the conquest of world markets by his own country. If great sums were lent to Germany it was to make a customer of her. It did not occur to him he was building up a competitor instead. Even now he seems not to think it. He believes that if Germany does not buy, it is because she is crushed under the burden of reparations, by the fault of the French. He believes that if Europe does not consume the American product, it is because she is spending too much upon armies. Well, then, suppress one-third of the appropriations. This third, as you may guess, will descend upon the United States like a reviving rain. Such are the puerile conceptions of President Hoover. They merit only a smile. One is surprised to see them engage the attention of statesmen. America, in the present crisis, seems utterly at sea. It is imagined that Europe would absorb the surplus product if she had the money. All right. Order Europe to economize in military defense. And President Hoover issues the order with astonishing presumption. Since chiefs of states have formed the habit of convening in Switzer- ! land, every sort of intrusion upon diplomacy is permitted. Every possible question is thrown upon the carpet at once, and the crowd is the judge. If America is giving us our orders, it is merely because negotiations all are made at the world’s fair, and everybody has a right to go to the fair. If Germany demands the denunciation of the treaty of Versailles, it is because twice a year she has the best possible opportunity to make her demand heard. President Wilson seated us on a hornet’s nest and President Hoover is jamming us in. Society of Nations —American. Dawes Plan—American. Young Plan—American. Hoover Moratorium—American. America is not satisfied? We have enough of this merchant who tries to get us into his shop by using his fists. LOUIS LATZARUS.

ceivable, according to Sir Humphrey Rollesten of England, that encouragement of intermarriage between families that tend to live long would produce stock that tended to live long. However, such experiments among human beings, are almost impossible and this theory must remain largely a matter of conjecture. One of the real problems we have to face is to make the life of the aged person a happier and healthier one. They must realize their own shortcomings in regard to strength and ability to throw off disease, while those around them should always take into consideration the changes w'hich come with advanced age. If older persons observe the simple rules of health, there is no reason why their declniing years should not be happy ones. Next: Natural Characteristics of Old Age.

m Editor Times—ls there a job in this big state or city for an exservice man, who is strong, healthy, and willing to do any honest labor to help keep his family? I am one of those working wives, and God knows, I am not doing it for clothes or theater tickets. I work sixteen hours a day for a little money, not enough to pay rent and feed my husband and son. It’s a pity to see big husky men walk the streets every day, seeking in vain, hungry and discouraged. I am not for liquor of any kind, but if repeal or anything else will give our men work, let’s have it, and soon. We have lost our furniture and insurance and eve ything that decent people hold dear. I worked and let my husband go when the country needed him and our boy was 10 years old. Now we can’t get a dime's worth of help, because we have no small children. Adults must eat, the same as babies, but they don't think of that. We don't want charity, ‘‘we want work,” if it's only two or three days a week. My son or my husband can do anything. One is a fine greenhouse man, the other a truck driver, caretaker, or anything. I w’ish I could say what I want to, but I would be arrested as a "Red.” MRS. E. M'DOLE. Editor Times—Have just perused an article in a morning paper which should well cause any thinking man to ponder, viz:, to wit: What is our country coming to? Are we, as citizens of the greatest nation, or anyhow', one of the greatest, to permit our great public servants to castigate and torture themselves because we are so thoughtless, selfish, and cruel that we should permit such intolerable conditions to continue? I am referring, of course, to the schedule of labor and travail self imposed, but none the less inexcusable on our part to permit, of our great President, the great engineer of our destinies, Herbert C. Hoover. The executive office being air cooled, of course, helps just a little, and the week-end trips to the mountains and fishing camp is a gesture to be commended, but considering the intense strain and grind of being the yes man for the boys behind the throne, I, for one, am ashamed that such a thing should be in this great country. Why, even the working man tpast tense 10.000.000) is advised by Secretary Whatshisname to travel, visit our summer resorts, national parks, and wherever his fancy dictates. And then to permit the greatest public servant, Herbert C. Hoover, to impose upon himself in such a beastly and unseemly manner. Is this Russia? Can’t congress do something about it? I am asking you. A. SHOVELSTIFF. Editor Times—ln 1922, or when the Keystone school was built, there were two school houses, one at Thir-ty-fourth and English avenue and one at Thirty-fourth and Orchard streets. Today they are wrecks, window's broken, doors removed and roofs about gone. The buildings are a deplorable sight. The right thing to do is to wreck them. I do not know of the customary way of disposal of these properties, but I do know that they are at present a discredit to their respective communities, and a great loss to the taxpayers. 1 believe there are plenty of men still who would wreck them for what lumber is left. P. S. THOMAS. /

-AUG. 2, 1932.

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

The Surface of the Sun Is Sot Perfect , Like a Burn i shed Shield, but It Marked With Spots. DAZZLED by the sun's brilliance, no human eye can catch a glimpse of the sun’s appearance. The ancients imagined that it was brightly polished, like the faultless surface of a shield. After Galileo built his fi-st telescope .it became possible to studythe sun. One method was to use" the telescope to cast an image of! the sun upon a screen. The other was to equip the telescope. it became, possible to study - it possible to look through the tele- . scope at the sun. < Amateur astrono-” mers never should turn opera* glasses or binoculars upon the sun. • The experiment might result in permanent blindness.) These early students of the sun; discovered that the surface of the sun was not perfect, but was marked * with spots. This fact was greatly resented by many of the philosophers of the Middle Ages, who held that since the sun was a celestial object, it. must of necessity be faultless. Modern study has revealed that the gaseous surface of the sun, known technically as the photosphere, is not smooth, as the an--eients pictured it. but mottled, looking very much like rough drawing paper. A high-powered telescope reveals Z that the surface is made up of a. rather darkish background, over which are scattered bright grains ornodules.

Like Snowflakes IANGLEY, one of the famous > earlier American ' students of the sun, described the appearance of the photosphere as resembling “snowflakes on gray cloth." Astronomers frequently refer to the nodules as "rice grains,” because of the similarity in appearance. These “rice grains” range from' 400 to 600 miles in diameter. But when conditions for observation are particularly good, a high-powered telescope will show that they are composed in their turn of smaller grains. The grains are not permanent, but continually change in appearance. old ones disappearing and new ones taking their place. They bear testimony to the fact that the surface of the sun is not a quiet region, but a great seething cauldron of gases. This is what we would expect, since other studies have revealed that the surface of the sun is 10,000 degrees on the Fahrenheit or ordinary thermometer. In addition to the "rice grains.” the photosphere exhibits bright streaks and patches known as “faculae.” It is difficult to see the faculae near the center of the sun’s disc, but they are prominent near the edges. Like the "rice grains." faculae are subject to change, old ones disappearing and new ones appearing. The faculae are likely to be especially prominent, in the neighborhood of sun spots.

Eyes Vs, Camera IT is interesting to note that while in general photography is a superior method of research to direct vision, this is not entirely true in the case of the study of the suns surface or photosphere. Photographs of the sun do not show so great a w'ealth of detail as can be seen with the eye during instants of exceptionally good ‘‘seeing,” that is, during instants when conditions for observation are exceptional. This same thing is true also of Mars. During moments of exceptional "seeing.” more details can be seen with the eye than can be photographed. It must, be remembered that our studies of the heavens have to be made through the earth's atmosphere.' Two things in particular interfere with observations. One is the moisture in the atmosphere. The other is the motion of the atmosphere. Photography, however, has been particularly useful in the study of the sun. because it records instantaneously the appearance of the disc. Thus by taking a series of photos, some minutes apart, it is possible to make a record of changes which are ■ going on in the sun’s surface. Such studies of the sun are car-! ried on by a number of great observatories where many photos are made of the sun on every clear day. These observatories include the Mt. Wilson observatory in California, the Meudon observatory in France and the Kodaikanal observatory in India.

Daily Thoughts

I looked on my right-hand, and beheld, but there was no man that would know me; refuge failed me; no man cared for my soul.—Psalms 142:4. Despair is the conclusion of fools. —Beaconsfield.

Your Questions Answered You can get an answer to any answerable question of fact or information by writing to Frederick M. Kerby, Question Editor, Indianapolis Times Washington Bureau, 1322 New York avenue, 'Washington, enclosing 3 cents in coin or postage stamps for reply Medical and legal advice can not be given, nor can extended re* search be made. All other questions will receive a personal reply. All letters are confidential. You are cordially invited to make use of this free service as often as you please. Let our Washington Bureau help with your problems.

Where was the motion picture, “Dirigible,” filmed, and how long * did it take? It was filmed in California and Lakehurst, N. J., and took more than, a year. • Z Has the United States govern--ment recognized the new Spanish republic? Yes.