Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 70, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 August 1932 — Page 4

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/CKI PC 3- HOW aM!j

A Presidential Visitor There is something dramatic in the visit to this city today of Colonel William Hope Harvey, a candidate for the presidency of the United States. He floats in from the sky, his first experience in flying. He boasts of his 81 years and exhibits no fear at what might be an experience from which younger and more timid men might shrink. He looks down upon green fields, small villages and great cities and dreams of a happy people living in them, instead of hundreds of thousands out of jobs and more with worries as to tomorrow. Nearly forty years ago, the name of Coin Harvey carried potent magic. One little book that had a circulation of more than 2,000,000 had a profound effect upon the fortunes of William Jennings Bryan. He has outlived the majority of those who found gospel in his writings, but he still writes and still has his many followers. It takes courage and character to stick to any cause for four decades. It takes the soul of the dreamer and the heart of the humanitarian. Smaller men might have become disillusioned egotists and given up the fight. After all, civilization has always been led by men of dreams, whether their methods of making their dreams come true are practical or not. The big thing is the vision. And it is true that for all these years Harvey has dreamed of a time when there w'ould be no poverty, no misery caused by conditions beyond the control of the individual, no want, no starving babes, no anxious mothers, no worried and distraught breadwinners. Long before tyranny surrendered to liberty, there were dreamers among the people who preached the hope of freedom. Long before black men were liberated, dreamers preached the abolition of slavery. Nothing is ever accomplished in just the way that the dreamer believes changes must be made. But their dreams linger long after their words are forgotten. It is something to have, a dreamer in our midst In these days when dreams are discounted and when hope dwindles before the crushing facts of hardship. The day may come when money will be the slave of man instead of man being the slave of money. Turning Back the (lock Under the belief that a heavy tax will drive business back to the railroads, strong forces are attempting to pass a law' which will injure every business that is built on-the delivery of goods by truck. The argument is that the railroads will employ more men and thus relieve unemployment. Incidentally, the roads w'ould receive more money and be able to pay dividends. Under the same theory, laws should be introduced forbidding all labor-saving machinery. The automobile and the taxicab should be taxed in Older to bring back the horse and buggy and the stage coach. r , ; * The linotype machine should be put out of business and all type set by hand. Electric plants should be forbidden in order to give the woodchopper a chance, The sewing machine should be sent to the attic and the spinning wheel brought from the museum. The particular measure is vicious in other ways. It proposes to place under control of the public service commission every truck ow T ned by any business man used exclusively in his business. The record of the commission is not such as any business would welcome for advice or counsel, to say 1101 hing of arrogant orders and dictation. The cost in the end would be paid by the consumer and anew burden placed upon the citizen who finds the going hard enough under present conditions. The proposal is wholly indefensible and its motive may be bettei understood when the fact is disclosed that the commission is given unlimited authority to hire inspectors and collectors to enforce it. That can have but one purpose—more cost to business and more jobs for politicians. In these days of hysteria, no one should attempt the impossible task of trying to correct conditions by turning back the clock. The hour demands imagination and vision for advance, not the deflation of business and living standards. Roosevelt’s Campaign In opening his Democratic presidential campaign Saturday night, Governor Franklin Roosevelt consumed more than half of his time reading excerpts from the Democratic platform. That is a good platform—the best, in our judgment, in many years. But, having made one speech on July 2, basing his acceptance of the ncgnination on that splendid platform, he might have gotten around by this time to saying something on his own. Saturday night he took three main hurdles. He cleared one and stumbled over two. His brief declaration on prohibition was /rank and convincing: "Nothing need be added to that (platform demand for repeal of the eighteenth amendment by state constitutional conventions and immediate modification of the Volstead act to legalize beer and light wines), except that if the present congress takes no action, I shall urge the new congress to carry out these provisions.” But on the important subjects of tariffs and debts, lie showed himself muddled, or evasive, or both. The tariff plank was one of the few' straddles written into the Democratic platform by the Chicago convention. The tarilf record of the Democrats in helping to pass the Hawley-Smoot monstrosity, which they now condemn, is particularly bad. Failure of the Democratic house tariff bill, offspring of the vice-presidential candidate, John N. Garner, to provide cuts in the Haw'ley-Smoot rates invites the assumption that the Democrats have become an imitation protectionist party after the G. O. P. model. It is particularly necessary, therefore, that the Democratic candidate lead his party in the vital matter of tariff reduction. He mouthed some large and safe generalizations about “tariffs high enough to maintain living standards” and that international “trade barriers of all kinds ought to be lowered.” But he refrained carefully from pledging an immediate or definite cut in the Hawiey-Smoot rates. Since the value of our exports has fallen from $2,623,000,000 in the first half of 1929 to $841,000,000 in this half year, the Hawley-Smoot prohibitory rates and the retaliatory tariffs they have provoked abroad should be of more than casual concern to Roosevelt. Millions of men have lost their jobs and hundreds of factories have been closed—the automobile industry

The Indianapolis Times <A ItKirrs-HOWAKI) NKWSPAPKB) Own<vl and published dally (eacept Sunday) by The Indiananoij, Tim*. Maryland Street. Indianapolis. fnd. Price In X^rlnn f ”n, r " cents a ’ copy ; elsewhere. 3 cent*—delivered by carrier. 12 centa a week vt.ii * BOVD OCRLII. ROT W. HOWARD. KARI n rXkfr gfl,t< ” phone-Ri“7 = Imn. apo. x^T Member of I tilled Pres. Herlppa-Hotrar J Newspaper Alliance, Newapaper Enterprise Aaaoelation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau if Ctrcu"Uon “Give Light and the People Will Find Thdr Own WayT 7-

alone has lost 80 per cent of its foreign trade—largely because of a tariff which Roosevelt apparently is afraid to cut. On the subject of foreign debts, he says they will not be a problem, and that “we shall not have to cancel them,” if we rehabilitate trade—which is like a doctor saying: Don't worry, the patient will be ail right if he gets well. Compare Senator Borah's recent speech on debts w-ith Roosevelt’s weak words and you will understand why so many voters find the Democratic candidate lacking in leadership. Even Herbert Hoover had the courage to connect debt reduction and arms reduction, which apparently is beyond his campaign The best part of Roosevelt’s spe)k:h was t the platform quoted, because most of it W'as definite. It is important that he recommits himself to that platform as something to be carried out. The next best part of his speech was his intimation that in later speeches he would be more specific. Apart from tariffs, debts and disarmament, which he may understand better before the campaign is over, the public w'ould like to know' definitely: What he means by "inflation,’’ which he attacks and w'hat he proposes to do about It; what he expects his world silver conference to do; what he means by farm relief; and specific answers to many such questions raised in the voter's mind by his easy generalizations. We hope he soon gets around to answering some of those questions. The Game’s the Thing For days now the newspapers and the air will be filled with news of the prowess and skill of 2.000 or so participants in the “tenth Olympics of the modern era,” now being held in Los Angeles. Win or Jose, the news wall alk be good, for in that great “man-made crater” on the Pacific the finest traditions of civilized young manhood and womanhood will rule, as they did in the first of the Pan-Hellenic festivals twenty-seven centuries ago. We would have liked to watch Saturday's opening along with the 100,000 who did, to have seen the loosing of herald pigeons, and -heard the great bands and choirs, to have applauded Charlie Curtis’ sixteenword speech, to have watched the march of magnificent bodies, with their browned, muscled limbs glistening in the California sun, to have thrilled at the ancient pageantry. Ihe United States will welcome this interlude of several reasons. For one, we need relief from the kind of shameful nefrs the Washington government has been producing during the last few days. For another, the scrupulous ethics of an Olympic meet should have a cleansing effect. Also the fact that some people can afford to pay $5,000,000 for tickets will temind us that all is not lost in the depression. How much more human for these thirty-eight nations to compete in- swimming, jumping, running, vaulting and other sports than to compete, as the nations did eighteen years ago, in the war. The United States probably will win in points. But ttho cares? The game’s the thing, and here is the game—epic, renowned, stately and glorified. Keep It Specific The National Economy League, of which Captain Archibald B. Roosevelt is secretary, organized for a nation-wide fight against government extravagance in general and very specifically—against government pensions and bonuses for veterans not disabled in actual war service. The league received indorsements from various distinguished persons—among them President Hoover and Governor Roosevelt. Tire messages from the two presidential nominees show, however, a certain degree of "candidate’s caution.” President Hoover, sos example, carefully refrains from mentioning the veterans at all, and rather pointedly “trusts that your organization will not confine its useful labors to any narrower range” than one including state and city governments. Governor Roosevelt contents himself with citing the declaration of the Democratic national platform for adequate care for disabled veterans who have suffered disability or disease from actual service in time of war and for their dependents. Neither platforms nor candidates have disclosed the glaring inequity in certain phases of veterans’ relief. We hope the league will hold steadfastly to that purpose—not with party indirectness and implication, but with straightforward attacks. That is the only way to force congress to undo the indiscriminate recklessness with which it has voted money to undeserving veterans instead of centering relief upon the deserving.

Just Every Day Sense By Mrs. Walter Feerguson

I HOPE to be a man in my next incarnation, for one reason only, so that I will not be worried constantly over the way I look. Os all the chains that enshackle the modem woman, this is by far the most galling and odious; this idea that we all must be competing with the picture stars, rolling over the floor to slenderize the hips, breaking our backs to preserve the waistline, scared stiff at the sight of a respectable wrinkle, and ready to faint at the first honorable gray hair. It seems to me that there could be no degradation so great as this complete and utter subjection to the physical. And don't try to tell me that women should rise above it. They can't. Neither ability, intellect, nor. morals can counteract the stranglehold that the Hollywooders, the Hoppers and Aunt Sylvias have upon masculine and feminine ideals in this country. We have sold out to stupidity and may as well admit it. a a a ONCE upon a time, when a girl got married, 6he could count on being reasonably comfortable for the rest of her life. She could put her mind on the house and the children and still feel secure. She was not expected to exhibit the verve of a Jean Harlow and the figure of a Joan Crawford indefinitely. Now, what have we? Getting married means that you must work twice as hard as ever. No one is more scorned these days than the mother of a large family who is not able to preserve enough youth and charm to hold her own husband and even catch some other woman's. - Besides that, she will be expected to exercise fascinations to help the company's business. A man can’t very well hold up his head in conference nowadays unless his wife is a perfect 35. The delusion of Ponce de Leon has become the delusion of feminine America. Maturity has lost its graciousness and age its dignity. Only the men are free, the men who do not bother much about how they look or how old they are. We women merely have substituted one slavery for another. Once it was our duty to be good. Now it is our duty to be beautiful. Both ambitions are equally impossible tO

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

|M. E. Tracy ' Says;

Human Power Still Appeals to Us, So Matter How V’e k It May Be in Comparison to M e c ha ni c a l Power, NEW YORK. Aug. I.—Bring on your athletes; let them run. jump and throw things; give the winners plenty of honor, but no cash, and declare a truce while the contest lasts. It will promote health, by stimulating interest in bodily exercise, and peace, by creating a spirit of friendly competition. So argued the Greeks 2,750 years ago, and with all our boasted superiority, we can think of nothing to add. We are glad to pick up the program that made Olympia a symbol of hope for twelve centuries: Glad to admit that it may help the modern world to dote less on war. Who says that civilization is bound up with a few creature comforts, or tfiat wisdom came into being with mechanical power? n u Human Power Interests Us WE have airplanes that can go five miles a minute, but still get a kick out of‘seeing men go a mile in five minutes. Human power still appeals to us, no matter how weak it may be in comparison to mechanical power. The thought of producing stronger, healthier human beings, even in a physical sense, still is uppermost in our minds. That is why we like sport, why our educational system tolerates so much of it, why we have resurrected the Olympics. The old boys felt much as we do, in spite of their ignorance about ma'chinery. They, too, had faith in men. rather than in the creations of men. We just are harking back to fundamentals which we had forgotten in our excitement over some new playthings. nun Old Rules* Best AFTER all, the great problem in life is not what men can do by means of some device, or system, but what they ought to do by and for each other. It all goes back to the gradual refinement of human character. Anything that helps that is worth while, and most such things are very old in principle. Henry Ford says that we would get along if we obeyed ten or a dozen old rules. The trouble is, we don’t obey them. We haven't time to study them in a sense of political application. We are too busy learning thousands of new rules, which are not rules at all, but merely recipes. We have made wonderful progress in develpoment of tools, instruments, and engines, but the World war shows how I! ttle we understood them and whai hopeless slaves of them we had become. Man's only hope of salvation, even in its narrowest sense, is to remain master of his faculties and of all means by which those faculties are expressed. The only way he can do that is to keep clearly in mind that he is the greatest need of improvement, and that if he fails to grow in knowledge and wisdom, all other improvements will be of no avail. nun The Wrong View THE great danger of this machine age is that it diverts man’s attention from himself, that it causes him to have too much faith in purely artificial methods. Those who find fault with sport and the part it has come to play in i life are careless thinkers. It represents a subsconscious reaction to modern man’s outstanding weakness. He is becoming too rational for his own good, too pitilessly intelligent. The affliction is not new. The Greeks and Romans both suffered from it, and experimented with remedies. The Greeks Succeeded far better with their mild sports than the Romans with their gladitorial games. Both, however, went down before races that were stronger, not because of what they knew, but because of what they were. There is nothing wrong with machinery, but there is something wrong with the idea of subordinating human beings to it.

Questions and Answers

What state cans the most tomatoes? Maryland. What are the Negro populations of Maryland, New York and Pennsylvania? Maryland, 276.379; New York, 412,814, and Pennsylvania, 431,257. € What countries did Post and Gatty fly over when they made their record round-the-world flight? Wiley Post and Harold Gatty flew from Roosevelt field, New York. June 24, 1931, at 4:56 a. m. and returned Wednesday, July 1, at 8:47 p. m., having flown around the world in 8 days, 15 hours and 51 minutes. Their total flying time was 4 days and 10 hours. They flew from New York to Harbor Grace, N. F., to Chester, England, to Hanover, Germany, to Berlin, Germany, to Moscow, to Novosibirsk to Irkutsk, to Blogovestchensk, to Wharbarosk, to None, Solomon, Fairbanks, Edmonton, to Cleveland and back to New York. They flew 15,474 miles. In which year did Oscar Underwood of Alabama receive the twen-ty-four votes from his own state for the presidential nomination up to the close of the balloting? In the Democratic convention of 1924. What is the meaning of the name Flannery? It is an Irish family name meaning "red eyebrows.” What does camsteerie mean? It is a Scotch word meaning “riotous" or “quarrelsome.” What is the address of Will Rogers? Beverly Hills. Cal. Which is the highest mountain in the world? Mt. Everest, Indo-China. What is “sterling silver?" It is an alloy of silver and copper, containing ordinarily about 7 per cent of the base metal to give the requisite hardness.

BELIEVE IT or NOT

' ; "v .• — vmAT is rms . / point ; —— this common signPWsterious Rolling Ball A 2,800-LB. BALL HAS TURNED QUARTER WAV ROUND /A ON ITS BASE DURING THE LAST 24 YEARS e-nou owned; by MRS. A HUETEEN jI 'jf. .. jj / HAS BEEN USED / f Continuously / / //j\ FOR THE LAST If W \ 2 °?J? ARS \ y r 1 St. Paul f C r £H V J • Mm "' J hJf /* sjr Ugortme-Joirwti Warren .lewis walrod u \ ; / JWjs has /never been W l ‘S' l/~iS OUTSIDE THE ClTy g GREAt GRANDPARENTS JL— -* , OF NEW ORLEANS a great-great-grandparent in 99 Years ALL !a * Great Britain right* revived.

Following is the explanation of Ripley's "Believe It or Not” which appeared in Saturday’s Times: The Wind-Blown Railroad Car —Mischievous boys, presumably of Plainview, Tex., were responsible for releasing the brakes of a box car on the siding ; n that town, and, during a severe windstorm, the car actually was blown on to the main line and uphill to the city of Floydada, a distance of twenty-five miles, on an uphill grade amounting to as high as 6.10 per cent. As the car passed through Lockney its speed was so great that employes could not

The Truth About Sleeping Sickness

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN t Editor Journal of the American Medieal Association and of Hvceia, the Health Magazine. THE United States was visited about 1920 by a veritable epidemic of a condition which became known as American sleeping sickness, in contrast to the type that occurs in Africa, trypanosomiasis, and which is due to a parasite known as the trypanosome. The exact cause of the epidemic in the United States was not known and has not yet been established. Apparently, it affects men and women alike. It begins gradually, usually with a tendency to abnormal drowsiness, with double vision of defective vision, a feeling of light-headedness, a loss of emotional control and various pains, similar to neuritis. Sometimes the condition comes on with extreme suddenness, but usually it comes gradually. The afflicted person lies on his back with eyes half closed and face flushed; he will lie motionless for hours at a time, without any attempt to alter his position. Tire patient rrmy make no 'comment and appear to be completely without interest in his surroundings. However, there are other cases in which there is restlessness, muttering and meaningless talking. In recent newspaper reports, it is stated that patients have slept for six months or seven months at a time. In the vast majority of cases, although these people appear to be in a state of stupor, they awaken when spoken to and may reply intelligently to questions, although their response is slow and the speech sometimes exceedingly difficult. Usually, there is some fever. The physician supplements his examination of the general condition of the patient by examining the spinal fluid and the blood and the various excretions of the body, to rule out other diseases. Newspaper reports also recently have emphasized the fact that a serum is being used in some cases which is believed to have specific effects, principally because one patient who slept for a long time, showed some signs of response following the use of the serum. Obviously in a condition which is as irregular as this one, and in which patients frequently waken for short periods, only to relapse again, such occurrences in a few cases can mean very little. In most cases people who have this disease or who have had it do not recover fully. Sometimes the patients die early after the onset of the symptoms, perhaps within eighteen or twenty days. In a considerable number of instances, they recover from the acute condition, but thereafter for long periods of time may show various symptoms of change in the brain and nervous system. Because of the special character of the tissues of the brain and of the nervous system, it is not safe to make any definite predetion in any instance of a complete recovery. Each case must be studied by the physician as an individual condition and treated accordingly. In some 40 to 60 per cent of cases there seems to develop a tremor of the type that occurs in shaking palsy or Parkinson's disease. In other instances, movements like those that occur in St. Vitus’ dance develop, In some instances, children who have had the disease seem to change .completely their habits of sleep, so that at night they become restless, toss about, tear their clothes, and

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

board it. It was not until its arrival at Floydada that the car successfully was brought to a stop on the wye. The official record of this run is on file in the superintendent's office of the Panhandle and Santa Fe railway at Slaton, Tex. In a similar case, on record at Oquawka, 111., a car was windblown from that city to Gladstone, a distance of about five miles. The Champion Laying Hen— According to J. H. Bonson, La Crosse (Wis.) chicken fanacier, a hen on the Gus Rhodes farm,

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

disturb the household, only to fall asleep in the morning and to sleep most of the day. Physicians are able, by the use of various drugs, to quiet the tremors and convulsions.

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—l always have admired and honored the point-blank truth one wall find in The Times. Now,’ as in the past, I have wondered why this paper hasn't dropped more chips right here in our own back yards, where, in the last decade, as at present, we have had an epidemic of rotten politics (on parade). And the reason I say on parade is because a public office holder will pay—sometimes with money—but usually with jobs or a promise of continued employment, to that person or persons who go out wuth great rehearsed stories of the wonderful achievements that were executed by the boss, now in his teenth year on the job. They never fail to stress one point to their hearers, that particular group of influential citizens that one is apt to rub elbows with at any one of the city's civic league meetings. They always are prepared to put over that spell-binding story about, how the boss has saved the taxpayers so many thousands of dollars in the last year, but no one ever has had opportunity to check over his books or the main office books pertaining to this great man’s expenditures, slush funds and what not. The taxpayers’ and citizens of Indianapolis have been misled and misinformed long enough, regarding this-gentleman's ability for this or that job. Permit me to cite one instance where public property was destroyed maliciously because the boss had a hunch that he shortly w'ould be let out and did not want his successor to have the advantage of effort to beautify this city. I was employed at the Riverside municipal nursery and w 7 as dropped from the pay roll about the first of last October, as I was informed that the park board did not have funds available to carry more than a limited number of men on the pay roll. In March last year two fellow employes arid myself w'ere ordered to cut down, with crosscut saws, and as close to the ground as possible, 400 white birch trees, ranging in size from three to ten inches in diameter and from fifteen to sixty feet in height. We were told by the nursery boss, Andrew N, Miller, that he (Millerj intended grafting on to these stumps some variety of catalpa, to grow 7 special variety of shade tree. The stumps never were grafted. I have waited almost a year and a half to gaze upon this extraordinary experiment to develop into something worthy of acclaim, but nothing ever was done in the w r ay of grafting. And in the first place a practical nurseryman would not think of grafting on to an eightinch stump. After obtaining several books on deciduous tree grafting. I believe it would be entirely impossible. In being as close to that situation at the municipal nursery as I feel I have been, in that I was one of a party of three that worked under orders from Miller to destroy these trees. I feel that the public should be informed as to what’s going on

l-v Seal ate red o a M-9 1 Patent Office RIPLEY

near West Salem, Wis., actually laid fourteen eggs in one day. He states that at 7 a. m. June 2, 1919, the hen laid one egg, then left the roost and sat o the nest, which w'as covered securely with wire screen. By noon she laid two more and when she quit the nest at 3 p. m. there were thirteen eggs in the nest. .The above record is contained in a statement sworn before the county judge of La Crosse dated June 4. 1919. Tuesday—“ The Pencil Graybeard.”

Hot baths, massage, and occupational therapy or treatment may also be used in some instances to improve the condition after recovery from the acute disease has occurred.

f behind the curtain of politics in this city, regardless of what party is in pow'er. I hold no vengeance toward any one and I have no axes to grinef. I only seek to prove to the public that they have been misinformed and misled in vouching for, petty politicians instead of a few practical men that the city at various times has jobs to offer. WILLIAM P. JARED. 1822 Lockwood street. Editor Times—Are members of the Indiana board of agriculture affected by the 20 per cent proposed reduction in all wages of city, state, county and township employes? You suggest they be. if the bills pending do not cover this field. You know, or should know, that the state fair board is a private corporation. receiving state aid. One member of that board, Foster from Carmel, also ik a member of the legislature. He has been a member of the Indiana legislature for three or four times and has perpetuated himself on the fair board, many, many years. Each of the fair board members draw's a huge salary and they account to no one, neither are their books subject to inspection other than by some member of the board. Here is a situation that needs investigation. and if you do it, I, as a reader, will forget your failure to tell the truth about the rotten city administration, how it neglects the streets, favors only Democrats, purchases supplies from other Dimmys, and a hundred other crimes.

m TODAY 4$ IS THE- Vt* ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

WIRES TAKEN OVER August 1 ON Aug. 1, 1918, all wire systems in the United States were placed under government control. On the western front, American and French troops continued their great drive in the Marne sector, smashing forward more than two miles on a front of nearly twentyfive miles in width. Unconfirmed reports said that German forces were being withdrawn from Soissons and the capture of that city b? French troops was expected within twenty-four hours. Reports from Russia told of new outbreaks against the Soviet government in southern cities. It also was reported that several new class groups would be called out for service bv Leon Trotski, Soviet minister of war.

Daily Thoughts

Who hath ears to hear, let him hear.—Matthew 13'9. Keep your eyes and ears open if you want to get on in this world— Jerrold.

-AUG. 1, 1932

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ

Sew View Is Advanced on the Origin of Gamma Rays of Radium. TODAY, in keeping with the promise I made yesterday, I am going to summarize the recent experiments with radium rays w-hich led Lord Rutherford to suggest that science may have to give up the law of conservation of energy This, as I explained yesterday, would be a bigger revolution in science than any caused by the famous Einstein theory of relativity. Radium afld other radio-active substances, as previously explained, emit three types of rays—alpha rays, which consist of the nuclei of helium atoms; beta .rays, which are electrons; and gamma rays, which are true radiations much shorter than X-rays. The first two types are also called alpha particles and beta particles.) The new experiments have indicated that the emission of a beta particle from the nucleus of a radium atom causes a readjustment of the energy within the nucleus. This is absorbed in part by the alpha particles within the nucleus One of two things then may happen, according to Rutherford. It is possible for one of these alpha particles, highly charged with energy. to escape from the atom. When this happens, the alpha particles comes out with greater speed than usually and consequently travels farther through the air. Such a particle is known as a longrange alpha particle. a a As Gamma Rays other possibility is that the A alpha particle will give up its excess energy without emerging from the nucleus. In this case, the excess energy comes off in the form of gamma rays. This, then, is the new view of the origin of the gamma rays of radium. To state it technically, it is due to the transition from one energy level to another of an alpha particle within the nucleus. In recent experiments, the longrange alpha particles emitted by the form of radium C were analyzed with the aid of anew electrical device lor counting alpha particles. This experiment showed that the alpha particles could be classified into nine distinct groups, on the basis of the energy which they possessed. The energy of these groups were found to correspond to the energies of the most prominent gamma ra\s in the radium spectrum, thus bearing out admirably the theory outlined above. Previously, it had been supposed that all alpha particles expelled at any one time came out with the same velocity. Rosenbloom, working at Paris with the huge electromagnet which the university there possesses, analyzed the alpha particles from thorium C. The magnet bent the alpha particles from their original path, the amount of bending depending upon the velocity of the particles. His ; experiment showed that the particles could be divided into five distinct groups. In other experiments, Lewis and Williams teund that actinium emanation. a gas formed when actinium disintegrates, emitted alpha particles with two different velocities. * a tt Neutron Hypothesis RUTHERFORD and Bowden carried out further experiments with actinium emanation and found that the emission of the two kinds of alpha particles was accompanied by the emission of weak beta particles and strong gamma rays. These experiments led to further analysis of what happens when light chemical elements are bombarded with the alpha rays of radium. And it was in these experiments that the most surprising results were obtained. Bothe and Becker showed that when beryllium was bombarded with alpha particles, it gave off gamma rays which were more penetrating than those of radium. Mme. Curie-Joliot and M. Joliot, carrying these experiments farther, found that when hydrogen was subjected to these gamma rays, it gave off long-range protons' (positive electrons). J. Chadwick, repeating these experiments, found similar effects using helium, lithium, carbon, and other substances as well as beryllium. He came to the further conclusion that the gamma rays were not responsible for the long-range protons, but that the release of a swiftmoving uncharged particle from the bombarded substance was responsible. He called these particles "neutrons.” The neutron had been suggested previously. It would be a close union of a proton and an electron, and would show no electrical charge, since the proton and electron would neutralize each other. Recent experiments in which the tracks of supposed neutrons were photographed showed that these particles have f. most surprising and unexpected behavior. These facts have not been explained fully. "Whatever may be the final explanation of the interesting facts observed,” Rutherford says, “it is clear that If they are due to quantum of radiation, we must relinquish the laws of the conservation of energy and of momentum in the production of this radiation and its interaction with matter. “If we wish to retain these laws, the neutron hypothesis seems the only alternative. “In any case, it is evident that these new discoveries have opened anew region of research which is of great, interest and promse.”

Your Questions Answered

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