Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 64, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 July 1932 — Page 4

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StttlPPJ - H OtV AMO

Which Tax Principle? Those who are attempting to raise money for government through a sales tax approach the tax problem from a viewpoint that can only lead to oppression and to disaster. The sales tax hits directly at the consumer. In addition it is a very costly and stupid way of collecting money. It would embarrass the business man who is trying to keep alive under the most distressing circumstances. The reduction of taxes upon real estate is necessary if the farmer and home owner is to survive. The best way, of course, to reduce taxes is to cut the costs of government. There are limits to this process, however, without a complete deflation of living standards. It is a recognized fact that real estate has been unjustly burdened. It has carried too large a share of the cost of government. Other forms of wealth have escaped. The one equitable way to raise all taxes would be by a straight income tax. That would take the money from those able to pay. It would not only get the money, but it would shift the burden from year to year to the classes of property that become productive. In the years of high rents and high prices of commodities the owner of rental property and the farms would pay. In times of depression, their taxes would be automatically decreased. The suggestion of a sales tax can only come from those of large incomes who hope to escape the inevitable. It proposes to protect those who need no protection and take from those who need relief what little they have left. If either an income or a sales tax is necessary, there should be no hesitation as to the choice. The sales tax hits the poor. The income tax is levied on the comfortable. Take your choice.

“The Double-Crosser” At last a colleague in the United States senate tells the people of the nation what politicians of Indiana have long suspected and some have known. Senator James E. Watson, so declares Senator James Couzens of Michigan, is a double-crosser. The 'ther part of the appellation he gave to him doesn’t latter so much. He only added that the Indiana senator is a liar. Good- faith is the very essence of either statesmanship or politics. There have been those who forgave the senator for lack of real conviction upon any subject except the perpetual belief that the state of Indiana was created to provide Watson a seat in the senate. It is conceded that he always believes that the election of Watson to the senate is more important than the presidency or the governorship and that everything, even friendships of years, must be sacrificed to that end. The service rendered by Couzens will come from the fact that it may cause the present friends of Watson to review the political tombstones that have marked his path of progress. They may take time out to look at the list of those who were once among the faithful, but now in political retirement because of the "double-cross.” They may believe, as most of the others believed to their sorrow, that they were to be the exception to the general rule that to be a friend of Watson is finally to meet with disaster and disillusion. Senator Couzens objects to the double-cross in legislation. Perhaps back home the politicians will recall the broken promises of other years and give the unnecessary confirmation to the indictment.

Wilbur Swings Wild “I defy you," says Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, the august secretary of the interior, “to name twelve men in congress who consistently have fought for the national progress of the United States during the last year.” Os course, defying a cabinet officer, and particularly Cabinet Officer Wilbur, is a terrifying task. Probably Wilbur, when he hurled his defiance, did not mean to include the tall, angular, soft-voiced Smoot, who so assiduously has protected the skyscraper tariff that bears his name. Did he remember the rotund Hawley, the other star of the tariff? Both of these men are from Wilbur's own west. How about pontifical Shortridge, of the secretary's home state of California, who fought so valiantly for the embargo tariff on oil, which Wilbur favored? And Steiwer of Oregon and Jones of Washington, who labored for the embargo tariff on lumber? What of Senator Watson, the back-slapping, hand-shaking Republican leader? McNary, the whip? And Snell of the house? Has the secretary forgotten those Republicans who fought his battles against reduction of appropriations for his interior department, in the face of the President’s plea for federal economy? Did Doctor Wilbur forget the jumping, gesticulating Stafford of Wisconsin; the shouting Treadway of Massachusetts; Bachman, the house whip; and those other Republicans of the lower chamber? Why "defy" any one to name twelve statesmen in congress? Is there some virtue in a dozen? Why not be content with five or six—although, obviously, there are more. If Wilbur is looking seriously for men who “consistently have fought for the national progress of the United States," he need not have looked far. Unless his eyes were closed, he could not have escaped seeing Norris of Nebraska;; La Follette and Costigan. who fought so valiantly for unemployment relief; Cutting of New Mexico; Glass of Virginia; La Guardia and Doughton, who led the fight against the sales tax. Wilbur might also have seen Swing of his own state of California. And how could he have missed Borah, or Couzens, or Wagner, or Tom Walsh? No member of President Hoover's official family should lend his prestige to the insidious propagandizing of the country against congress. Wilbur, who failed so utterly in co-operating with congress to bring about reductions in federal expenditures, which

The Indianapolis Times (A BCBIPPS-HOWAHD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos., 214-22 H West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. .1 cents—delivered l,y carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription ratea in Indiana, $3 a year; outside o t Indiana, 63 cents a month. BOYD OUKLET, ROY W. HOWARD, EARL D B4KER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—HIIey 3331 . MONDAY. JULY 35, 1833. Member of United Press Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

the country so much desired and needed, is in -no position to criticise the legislative branch. His contempt of congress is not shared generally; and that is fortunate. To him, members of the house and senate may be “selected office boys,” as he told the San Francisco Luncheon Club. But, if so, what term can he find for some of his cabinet colleagues? Germany’s Crisis The German people are orderly and peace-lov-ing folk, and they have had a taste of democracy. Hence they are not likely to submit without a struggle to a revival of Prussian Junkerism that brought them so much woe in the past. This is indicated by news from Berlin. Following the coup of Chancellor Von Papen, who clamped the iron hand of federal martial law upon Germany’s biggest state, Prussia, the ousted Prussian government has filed an injunction suit with the federal supreme court to enjoin Von Papen from illegal acts. This and parallel suits by Bavaria and Baden are being decided today. In Stuttgart last Saturday, Von Papen took six hours to explain his amazing acts to heads of the federated states, assuring them that he had no intention of violating states’ rights. Perhaps no more blood will flow in unhappy Germany. Reports say that the people are going about their business and are preparing to speak their minds at next Sunday’s reichstag elections. But with class feeling so intense, and with such small men vested with great power, civil war still threatens. German democracy is menaced on three fronts by the Fascists, the Communists and the Prussian Junkers, some of whom are planning a restoration of the Hohenzollerns. If German constitutionalism can win against these three, it will prove itself robust indeed. The Social Democrats and Centrists, while defeated for the time being, are not routed. There is even possibility that next Sunday’s elections may force a return of Dr. Bruening. One of the influences working for German democracy, of course, is Lausanne. While the “gentlemen’s agreement” did much to dispel the good effects in Germany, Senator Borah's timely and able talk of Saturday night will go far in restoring the people’s faith in this settlement as “a harbinger of peace and the hope of humanity.” His suggestion that the United States has not closed the door on war debt revision will sweep from the German reactionaries their argument that the “gentlemen’s agreement” rendered Lausanne an empty victory and betrayed Germany. Borah s words will go over the heads of swordrattling Junkers and Fascists to the hearts of the German common people. His call for a world conference of good will to wipe clean the war guilt clause, modify the unjust terms of Versailles, establish sane disarmament and restore international amity and sanity, should hearten the discouraged forces of democracy in Germany and elsewhere.

How Dry Is Hoover? The national prohibition board of strategy, has decided to withhold any public indorsement of President Hoover for the present. It credits him with an excellent record of prohibition enforcement and with a sizable list of speeches in favor of prohibibition. ‘‘ln his acceptance speech, he doubtless will deal further with this subject,” says the board in a formal statement. The acceptance speech is to be made in August. That will give the President plenty of time to perspire over the problem of saying something pleasing to prohibitionists, that does not conflict with the party platform—and that may be helpful to a statesman desirous of continuing in office. The first two conditions wouldn't be so hard to meet, if it were not for the third. The President has shown he can please the prohibitionists. He has shown that he can interpret wetter documents than the party platform as dry—the famous Wickersham report, for example. But satisfying the distracted politicians of his party who are convinced the tide has turned, is something else. And they unmistakably are looking to him for satisfaction on this point. C. Bascom Slemp, veteran collector of Republican delegates in the arid south, walked out of the White House one day last week, remarking: "The tide for repeal of the eighteenth amendment is becoming so strong that I do not see how the President can avoid expressing himself clearly on the submission plank in his acceptance speech.” In other words, the Slemps of the party propose to put just as much pressure on the President as do the prohibitionists between now and August. The President's remarks on prohibition when he accepts the nomination should be interesting. Will Hays’ efforts to ciean up Hollywood already are bearing fruit. One of the newer movie mansions has nineteen bathrooms.

Just Every Day Sense

BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

HERE'S great news. If you can get yourself elected a delegate from your Sunday school or church to attend the International Anti-Tobacco congress this week at Los Angeles, you can see the great Olympic meet. That at least, is what The Shield, a noisy little sheet published by the California Anti-Cigaret League, tells us. It did not say so, but the chances are that if you are at all clever in the delegate business, you may get your expenses paid. The Shield contains some interesting statements. It says first that God's plan for mankind did not include smoking. It says that all churches, the W. C. T. U., the Parent-Teacher Association, as well as other forces for morality, should line up to fight the vicious cigaret. It says this fight is truly a part of the labor for Jesus Christ. It says it will agitate until all publications carrying cigaret advertising are banned from school and home. What’s more—and you’ll never guess this—it’s working for another law, forbidding nearly everything. v a a AS usual there are the same arguments against women smoking. Anything that is evil in the sight of God, according to these unsullied ones, is twice as evil when woman do it. God is provoked mildly when He sees father with a fag. but when He wa’tches mother inhale he is positively angry. Do you think I am getting a bit too familiar with Divinity. That's nothing. The editors and contributors of The Shield speak as if they had just returned from a celestial conference in the Holy City. And as tobacco was not known until long after the advent of Jesus on earth, and as we have no written record of His ideas on the subject, they could have been able to secure their interviews with Him only by personal contact of some sort.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

The Whole Civilized World Is Playing on Our Prejudices and Emotions, While It Schemes to Destroy Our Trade. NEW YORK, July 25.—1 t was a splendid article on Russian trade that Henry T. Rainey, Democratic house leader, wrote for the United Press. We are throwing away a great market, and for no good reason. Worse still, we actually have helped other nations to get that market. • The Hoover moratorium liberated credit with which Germany was able to finance Russ* .n trade. If war debts are canceled, or greatly revised, other governments will be able to do the same thing. Don’t imagine for one moment that other governments will neglect the opportunity, no matter how anti-Russian their lip music may sound. The whole civilized world is playing on our prejudices and emotions right now, appearing to co-operate on disarmament, while it schemes to destroy our trade. The fact that we gave it a good excuse by adopting the SmootHawley bill does not alter the situation. We have lost a great deal of foreign trade already, and we shall lose more if present policies are continued. n tt tt Russia Is Biggest Market A 6 Dr. Rainey says, Russia represents the biggest single market now available. Whatever we may think of her political program, her industrial pregram stands for work, improvement, progress and business. Russia is building railroads, factories, homes and highways. It is the aim of the Soviet government to modernize Russia. That can not be done without the purchase of an incalculable amount of machinery and equipment. We not only excel in production of such machinery and equipment as Russia needs, but lack a market for it. Our great trouble ic that we can’t sell what we can make. The Russian trade we actually have helped Germany to take away from us means work for thousands of men.

Attitude Is Puzzling OUR attitude toward Russia is inexplicable. If the average American realized how much it was costing him, or how little it promised, it wouldn’t last the week out. The average American doesn’t know how Russian matches were barred to help the discredited Kreuger, or how a ban has been put on Russian asbestos, to the advantage of Canadian mines. And whafc are we getting as a reward for this crusading against the Soviet? We are getting an Ottawa conference and a drive for debt concellation. If the Ottawa conference were to reach the decisions planned, we would> be selling Canada much less steel and England much less wheat. If debts were to be cancelled, or greatly cut down, European governments would have a lot more money with which to finance Russian trade. tt tt Propaganda Harms Us SHREWD propagandists have worked on our repugnance to Communism, just as they once worked on our repugnance to Prussianism. and for precisely the same reason. They are hoping that we will pull the chestnuts out of the fire for them again, and are flattering us to take the lead in the anti-Russian movement, while they perfect schemes to get the business. Kreuger, who got the benefit when he barred Russian matches, cheated our trustful investors to the tune of many millions. It’s time we quit the expensive philanthropy. We have an industrial structure to maintain, and we have no right to jeaperdize it for the sake of making grandstand plays in behalf of other people, whose appreciation consists largely of telling us what we ought to do next when we have completed a job.

People’s Voice

Editor Times—The supreme court lately decided that the municipal court of Marion county, has plenary jurisdiction in all matters relating to the acceptance of sureties on bail bonds for the appearance of persons charged with offenses in that court. Day and night there are about the city prison and police headquarters approximately fifty bondsmen and their hangers-on. Among this number are Inen who have served sentences in penitentiaries, others who have been in county jails, and still others who have done time on the Indiana state farm. It is difficult to understand why men of such records are permitted to assist even in the temporary release of persons accused of crime. At no time, and certainly not in this depression, has there been sufficient in so-called “bond fees" to provide a mere existence for this numerous horde. Yet some of these bondsmen dress in the height of fashion, drive expensive automobiles. and have the reputation of being liberal spenders. Most of the hangers-on do not fare as well as the bondsmen, but even among their number are those whose appearance of prosperity compare favorably with the most successful of the bondsmen. That the income from so-called bond fees is far too low to provide for the existence of these fifty men readily can be determined from an examination of the bond records, and an investigation of those who have been released on bond. Such investigation is entirely unnecessary. The fact that bond fees fall far below the expenditures of these men is too obvious. A lucrative source of income to the bondsmen and the hangers-on is from the fee-splitting police court attorney. In the ordinary case, the bondsman is the first to consult the prisoner after his arrest. Sometimes the price exacted is for the fee of the bondsman and the fee of the lawyer. At other times the bondsman fixes his fee and then suggests the employment of a feesplitting lawyer. In the first instance the lawyer

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Accidents Take Heavy Toll of Children

This is the second of three articles bv Dr. Fishbein on the health of the preschool child. The third will be printed Tuesday. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hysreia. the Health Magazine. AFTER the infectious diseases come diseases affecting the organs of breathing when we study motrality causes among children of pre-school age. Such diseases include pneumonia, of various types; bronchitis, pleurisy and infections within the chest. Far to frequently such complications as bronchitis and pneumonia occur ' after measles or whooping cough, and the death of the child may result as a combination of both factors. Again, the child who dies from broncho-pneumonia may have sustained that disease because a previously existing condition of rickets or of bad nutrition made it unable to wage a successful battle against the infection of the lung.

IT SEEMS TO ME by m^r

I HAVE been here six days now, but haven’t seen the city because of being taken to the tops of tall buildings. This passion for yanking every visitor to the top of a building is an entirely new idea to me, and I shall carry it back west, so that we can do the same to you w r hen you visit there. It settles the entertainment problem. Upward to a skyscraper, downward to a speakeasy, upward to a skyscraper again, downward to a speakeasy—upward and downward, upward and downward—this seems to be the way of things here, although some visitor is going to acquire enough nerve to suggest that he roam around the level for awhile. "All right, let's see the town,” a friend suggested yesterday. "All right, let’s.” u >t * Ups and Downs of N, Y, HE mapped it all out. We had lunch twenty stories above sea level. He said, at the conclusion of the meal, "First, before we go anywhere, i want to show you the view from the top of this.” I reminded him that I had seen a view. "But you have not seen this view. It gives you a different angle entirely. Come.” Surely there are more things in New York than views. On returning home it will be awful to be asked what I saw and have to explain, "A view.” Elevator rides may have been a lot of fun when elevators were first invented. There may have been a lot of fun then in holding elevator-riding parties. But any number of towns outside of New York have installed elevators, too, lately, I understand. But they have not installed what so many of us have come here to see—the east side, west side “dives,”

representing the accused is given a small portion of the total amount collected by the bondsman; in the second instance, if the lawyer suggested be employed, he pays the bondsman half of the money collected as his so-called fee. Other practices veering toward plain criminality are indulged in by these men. The effort is to involve them in the greatest secrecy. Now and then through some mishap the effort to conceal fails and the details of the fixing scheme, or rather the pretended fixing scheme, become public. A few weeks ago a deputy clerk assigned to one of the municipal courts was compelled to resign. By writing “days suspended" under a notation on an affidavit of “sixty days," he permitted a woman to escape serving that period in the Women’s prison. Why the deputy clerk helped this woman escape has not been learned. Safe it is to say that when the details are made public that a bondsman or one of these hangers-on had a part in the work. Why this intolerable situation is permitted to exist when the municipal court has the authority to determine it—end it immediately ~ is difficult to understand. LAWYER.

Getting a Little Monotonous!

Tuberculosis in young children always has been a menace and continues to be such, more frequently among young children in rural districts than in the cities. This may be due to the special danger to the young child of milk from cows that are infected, or from milk used without the careful sanitary control that usually is given to it before distribution in cities is permitted. From 7 to 10 per cent of all deaths of children between 1 and 15 years of age are due to accidents. The number of accidents increases rapidly during the second year of life and reaches its maximum in from three to five years. Whereas the death rates from diseases of various types gradually are being brought under control and diminishing, the number of deaths from accidents remains approximately stationary, notwithstanding the great cam-

the Battery—but, oh, well, bring en the “view.” I’ll look at anything again. Point your finger all around the town. Poiht out Staten Island again, and I’ll nod, "Yes, I see it.” Point out the course of the rivers, and I’ll nod "Yes,” again. For there is, after all, nothing quite like keeping peace with one's friends. We went up to the top. t* n a Where’s Smallest One? THIS makes a batting average of about a top a day for me, not counting repeaters. But it would be a -change for once to hear somebody say, "Do you want me to take you into the smallest building in New York?” Small things are as marvelous in their way as big things. And all a person has to do to imagine he is looking at the Grand Canyon, for instance, is to squint his eye at a tiny ditch and make himself believe that is it. The ruggedness of the sides is about the same.v More interesting than the buildings are the persons in the windows of lesser buildings. The sight of entire families living in their glass cages on shelves is more productive of awe to me than if the Empire State building were a third as high again as it is. Out Instead of Aloft THESE heaven retreats may be necessary for folks who live in a city like this, and I can sympathize with them for wanting to go aloft as often as they can. But, instead of having to go aloft for a retreat in our country, we go out. We hit a river or an ocean cliff. When we come to New York, then, we do not come to get away from crowds. This is our carnival, and we come to get into them.

When You Travel Rates are lower for travel than for many years. Hotels, steamship companies, railroads, resort places, are making all kinds of inducements to lure the prospective traveler and vacationists. Are you thinking of YOUR vacation? Our Washington Bureau has anew bulletin on THE ETIQUETTE OF TRAVEL, that will prove very helpful to the intending vacationist. Hints and suggestions of all kind as to the proper thing to do on train, steamship, at the hotel, how to secure information of al kinds, suggestions for dress in travel; registering and leaving a hotel, tips, baggage, tickets, reservations, travel and motoring abroad—all the things you need to know to make your trip easy and comfortable. Fill out the coupon below and send for this bulletin: CLIP COUPON her:: Dept 181, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin ETIQUETTE FOR TRAVELERS, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs; Name Strret and No City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times (Code No.)

paigns of education and prevention constantly carried on. This may be due to the fact that our civilization is becoming more and more complex, the speed of life is increasing rapidly, the number of automobiles in use rises at a tremendous rate, and the possibility of accident to the child is, therefore, much greater now than it ever -was before. There was g time fifty years ago, when diseases of the stomach and intestines, including particularly infectious diarrhea, stood high up the list among the causes of death to children between 1 and 6 years of age. This type of disease now is fifth on the list, because new measures of protection of children against such diseases have been put into effect. It is particularly the hygiene cf feeding of young children that has been improved and which reflects itself in the lowered number of deaths from the causes mentioned.

Mr. Miller, author of “I Cover the Waterfront,” is conducting this column during Mr. Broun’s vacation.

More interesting, too, than constantly mounting the highest buildings are such minute things as the subway escalators, marked with a warning not to poke canes or umbrellas into them. The very sight of seeing people being carried up these things with all the" indifference of crates being hauled up an endless chain in a freight house is a terribly surprising item to me. If the men or women so much as smiled a little as they were being taken up, if they considered it as a game or a joke, there would not be the horror of likening them to freight crates. And yet one must admit the invention is a comfortable thing to have around. Yet the shock, the* first shock, of being hauled up one of these things, as though I were without life or muscle or hope, was a bit horrible at first, as the man in front was not laughing, nor was the man behind. We were but mute bundles being carried along. n tt m No Smile in Change Cages TOO, it is impossible to obtain a smile from the men in the change cages. You pass in your dollar for change, and the change comes pouring out. One may as well drop a penny in a peanut slot machine and catch the peanuts as the drop in the bowl. The men inside the downtown cages never will see you again, so why should they trouble to nod or smile? Even when they are not 1 busy, they do not nod or smile. This cavern life below the city is all so weird, so inexplicable, that I no wonder the citizens here consider as a relief a trip to the top of the buildings. No wonder! (CoDvrieht: 1932. bv The Times)

JULY 25, 1932

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Revolution Hast Started % in Study of Germs by World Scientists. Y Bacteriology, the science devoted to the study of germs, has begun to undergo a revolution, in the last three years. Since bacteriology is one of the foundation stones of modern riiedicine, concerning itself with effect of germs upon mankind in both health and disease, the subject is of vital importance to everybody. Indeed, man's chief enemies are the insects and the microbes, if j he loses control of the earth ifwiu be to one or the other. The new points of view in medical bacteriology are pointed out by Dr. W. H. Manwaring, professor of bacteriology and experimental pathology at Stanford university, California. “During the last three years.” he says, “conservative bacteriology has shown increasing discontent with nineteenth century theories of microbic infection and bodily resistance, a receptive attitude toward newly suggested hypotheses and alternative interpretations.” These new theories, he says, offer plausible explanations for many of the failures experienced in dealing with certain diseases caused by mi-, crobes. and they hold out hope for greater success in the future. ft tt tr Knowledge Is Young j OUR knowledge of the role of germs in disease is very young, dating back to the work of Pasteur and Koch in the latter part of the nineteenth century. It was inevitable that biologists would jump to certain conclusions about germs as a result of their experiences in other fields. Dr. Manwaring tells what these conclusions were and indicates that present-day bacteriologists may have to change them. “Mid-Victorian microseopists intuitively picture! the newly discovered disease germs as miniature animals or midget plants,” he says. “Thus pictured, it perhaps was inevitable that they should have read into these minute pathogenic specks many of the laws and generalizations of higher biological science. “Centuries of dwindling superstition had taught modern man \ffiat, from generation to generation, each higher plant and animal species is almost static in anatomical structure and physiological peculiarities. Minor variations, of course, were known to occur. “Since the middle ages, however, rats never had been known to transmute into lizards, to fractionize into locusts, nor to evaporate into cor-’ I rosive miasmas. ‘lt seemed logical to assume that this stability is in obedience tf> a general law of nature, equally applicable to microbic life. “Obeying this static law. a tubercle bacillus never could arise except from a pre-existent bacillus of approximately the same morphology and chemical composition. “A diphtheria bacillus never could transmute into a gonococcus, nor fractionate into ultramicroscopic poliomyelitis colloids.” ' tt tt tt Tissue Cells Vary • DR. MANWARING points out that this belief in the fixed regularity of nature led to certain types of deductions. “Tuberculosis, gonorrhoea and poliomyelitis were wholly unrelated infectious diseases,” he says, “because of the postulated microbic invariability.” He points out, however, that students of microbe life might have developed quite a different theory if they had based their logic on the behavior of tissue cells. • The various portions of the body such as muscles, skin, vital organs and so on are all made up of tissues which in their turn are composed of microscopic cells. Now, the body starts as a fertiiizecL egg cell and consequently ail different sorts of cells which make * up the various tissues of the body must evolve from this fertilized egg cell. Microbes or bacteria are singlecelled organisms. Most biologists classify them as one-celled plants. Therefore, following the example of the development of many kinds of tissue cells from one fertilized egg cell, might there not be a vast variability in the offspring of any one microbe? > This point of view, as Dr. Manwaring pointed out, was not the view adopted by Pasteur, Koch, P2irlich and the other pioneers of bacteriology. He calls their viewpoint a “static bacteriology.” Within the last few years, however, this “static” view has been challenged. Next, we will discus* the newer point of view.

M TODAY 9 IS THE- Vs WORLD WAR A, ANNIVERSARY

AMERICANS PUSH FORWARD July 25

ON July 25, 1918, French an€ American troops pushed forward more than two miles in continuing their drive against the Germans on a fifty-mile front.’ They reported the capture of huce quantities of ammunition, guns and supplies and crack German divisions rapidly were disintegrating under the constant pressure of the fighting. French and American troops gradually were narrowing the mouth of the salient created by the May offensive directed by Von Hindenburg, and it now was only twentyone miles wide. On the Italian front, an Austrian counter attack was beaten off with great loss to the attackers.

Daily Thought

Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory but in lowliness of mind let each esteem others better than themselves. — Philippian* 2:3. Common sense is in spite of, not the result of, education.—Victor Hugo. Are aliens ever admitted as students to the United States milltar. academy? By special acts of congrees somi aliens have been admitted, s,