Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 61, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 July 1932 — Page 4

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Real Relief for People Two measures before the legislature can be listed as outstanding in their probable relief of the people from present heavy burdens. These measures are directed at the control of public utilities, whose private power to tax is much heavier than is levied by even the most extravagant unit of state government. That members of the legislature show signs of traditional servility to the interests which have ruled the state and wrecked their own stockholders by their financial methods is unexplainable. But some there seem to be who would postpone simple justice for the user of light and water and gas. One of these measures would take away from the jurisdiction of the public service commission all utilities which are owned by cities. Cities which are progressive enough to own their own sources of supply of common necessities can be trusted to manage them wfthout the direction of the utility-minded gentlemen who comprise the board. ft 5s at least fair to state that no man has been appointed to that body in recent years who was objectionable to the utilities. For the most part, they are the same men who would be chosen by the utilities if these interests had the direct appointive power. The result has been that cities have been refused the right to cut their rates as costs have been reduced in order that the comparison between public and private ownership might not become too obvious and too ghastly for the holding company boys. Other cities have been refused the right to extend their plants to care for contiguous territory. The whole theory is that city governments need the guardianship of bureaucratic boards. The other measure would permit any city to either purchase or build utilities, to be paid for by the earnings of the utility. It could be used only when and if private capital should be enlisted for this purpose, ready to take a chance on the earnings. Opposition by the utilities suggests a fear that many investors would prefer to risk their money with publicly owned plants than trust their dollars to the huge financial structures of holding companies, whose intricacies disguise the real extent of their responsibility. It would mean that cities could take over plants, when present owners go bankrupt, as some have, or in the event of refusal to sell, could build their own plants. It means, in the case of water companies, that citizens could jointly supply themselves with a water supply when the price of w T ater and life became too heavy to be paid. These measures have the backing of the organization of mayors and public officials who know where the real tax burden is hidden—in the private levies by private capital upon the public for common necessities. Any member of the legislature who votes to postpone this relief merely warns his constituency of his own unfitness for legislative office. , The bright spot in the situation is the vigorous organization of public officials who are pledged to the defeat of utility-minded members in the next legislature, without regard to party affiliations.

Auto Deaths cW silver lining to the dark clouds about us is anew low record for auto deaths in the United States. Census figures released today show that in eighty* six of our largest cities, deaths due to auto accidents were 6,930 in the fifty-two weeks ended July 9 as compared with 7,367 during the same period last year. This is a drop of 6 per cent. . Auto deaths for the four weeks ended July 9 were fewer than in the previous four weeks, in spite of the fact that the later period contained the Fourth of July holidays. Autos, however, continue to be lethal instruments in the hands of careless drivers. While w*e cheer over the lives being saved, let us remember that the auto remains ninth in the list of the reasons why Americans die. Who Does Like It? The Hoover straddle plank on prohibition already is being nullified by Republican local organizations —just as Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler declared it ought to be. The Republican Chib of Secretary Ogden L. Mills’ own assembly district, the Fifteenth in New York City, has bolted the Hoover plank, of which Mr.* Mills was chief sponsor! By unanimous vote the club puts itself on record “for immediate repeal of the eighteenth amendment ” and pledges its local candidates “to advocate and work” therefor. This means that Representative Ruth B. Pratt, Assemblyman Abbot Low Moffat, and Walter S. Mack, state senatorial candidate, will be campaigning “in contempt” of their own national party platform. And Dr. Butler has promised to urge similar nullification of the Hoover plank in other states. Meanwhile, leading drys prove anything but eager to accept the Hoover bid for the dry vote. The special policy committee of the national prohibition board of strategy so far has failed to agree to support Mr. Hoover. Mrs, Mamie W. Colvin, president of the New York state branch of the W. C. T. U., says both party platforms are "insincere," and adds: “If anything, the Republican piank is worse than |fa Democratic plank. At least we know where the

The Indianapolis Times <a scßirrs-iiowAKn newspaper) Owned and ptibliahed daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time. Publishtnir Cos 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion Count v’ cents a' ’ copy; elsewhere, a cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week Mail iubserintlon ratca in Indiana. RJ a year; outside of Indiana, 65 rents a month. P bovnoUßLer. ROY ARD - eaTl and. bake^ __ _ 1 President Business Manager I’HOXK—Riley 5551. THURSDAY. JULY 31. 1932. Member of United Press Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Assoelation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Democrats stand. The Republicans have been deliberately confusing and evasive.” ‘Deliberately’’ is right. President Hoover bitterly may yet regret the deliberation with which he schemed to catch both wet and dry votes. Drys don’t like it. Wet Republicans repudiate it. The plight of the G. O. P. over its prohibition plank reminds us of “The Pilgrim’s Progress’ where Christian meets Mr. By-ends, who hailed from the town of Fair-speech: Christian—Pray, who are your kindred there, if a man may be so bold? By-ends—Almost the wholq town; and, in particular, my Lord Turn-about, my Lord Time-server, my Lord Fair-speech, from whose ancestors that town first took its name; also Mr. Smooth-man, Mr. Fac-ing-both-ways, Mr. Anything; and the parson of our parish, Mr. Two-tongues, was my mother's own brother by father’s side, and, to tell you the truth, I am become a gentleman of good quality; yet my great-grandfather was but a waterman, looking one way and rowing another, and I got most of my estate by the same occupation. The Hoover plank would have been a big hit in Fair-speech. Borah in Session A British journalist, visiting Washington, remarked, I observe that while the senate has adjourned. Senator Borah remains in session.” The remark aptly pictured an important fact in American politics. Other senators scatter to their states, to attend to their re-election if it, is a campaign year or to help colleagues face the vbters; seme take the between months for vacation; some go junketing abroad. But Borah delays his departure. There is something that has to be done, and, after that, something else. Presently congress convenes 'again and, like as not, finds Borah right where it left him. He has riot been idle. He has been concerning himself with one problem or another and offering his views thereon. He has been holding regular press conferences, after the manner of the White House occupant, save that they have been a little oftener and he has spoken a little more freely. Also, they have been much less formal; the corespondents do not stand in a respectful semi-circle, but take all the chairs that are available and feel free to sit on any desk space not otherwise used. And they don’t hand in written questions, to be answered or not as the great man may choose. They say, “Hey, senator, what do you think about this?” Note they don’t say. “Hey, Bill.” Most of them have known him many years, and in Washington people use your first name the second time they meet you; but the correspondents, even with their feet on his table, call Idaho’s lone political ranger senator, not Bill. They may go away muttering to one another, “Oh, Bill isn’t going to do anything about it,” but they are likely to be back next day saying, “Well, senator, why don’t you issue the statement?” It’s, an interesting role that Borah plays. Frequently his power is attributed to his chairmanship of the important committee on foreign relations. But he swung the same weight before he took that chair. It is, rather, a personal thing. And the biggest element in it is uncertainty. The other party leaders never know what Borah is going to say or do. Some assert cynically that he never does anything that he just talks; but these same critics are always eager to hear what he says when he talks. So the campaign is upon us, with the three outstanding figures in it. Os course, there will be Garner and Curtis and even Dolly Gann. But the three figures that excite public interest are Hoover, Roosevelt—and Borah. Hoover, carrying on a cautious defense. Roosevelt making a slashing attack. And Borah just happening to be where the boys can find him in case he has some views to express on prohibition, power, or whatever it may be that cries out for enlightenment. Not a bad role and, on the whole, a useful one. The Dominican delegates to the disarmament conference has proposed a ban on warlike toys. Needless to say, the French delegation is expected to object on the grounds that the movie is contrary to French security. 1A White Plains justice has ruled that a seat on the stock exchange may not be attached, because it is a means of making a living. That will be news to plenty of stock brokers. After the statement by the English, it appeared for a time that the Hoover disarmament plan might be accepted by everybody but the United States.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

WILL ROGERS, the humorist, is an international figure. In Oklahoma, his native state, an unknown school teacher, William C. Rogers, put himself on the Democratic ballot as Will Rogers, and romped into the run-off primary A good deal of discussion has resulted, but nothing can be done about it. Perhaps nothing should be done about it. Thousands of voters, too negligent to find out the facts, voted for the man under the blissful misapprehension that they were honoring the cowboy movie star. Thousands of others, confused by the many candidates, voted for a familiar name. Perhaps few voted for the schoolmaster. Almost in concert, however, the lawyers cried out that the thing was legitimate. Many individuals smiled and said. “If he's smart enough to do that, he’s smart enough to be in congress.” This incident offers a perfect example of our aualistic moral doctrine. Pinned down by a direct question, there hardly is a person who will not admit that such a ruse to get into office is rather a low form of trickery. It does not fit in with the ordinary man’s conception of integrity. Most of us believe it is just as dishonest to get votes as to get money under false pretenses. nun BUT to our political sense, which is merely a low form of legal sense, the thing is excusable, if not actually clever. Which explains what is wrong with American government. We have one set of morals for church and another for congress. We have one code of honor for Sunday and another for Saturday. The preacher and the politician are miles apart in their ideas of ethics. The deacon must pray by one rule and run his business by another. This dualism of morality is the most vicious thing in our national life. It is almost inconceivable that we have endured so long upon this foundation of falseness. If women are to uplift American politics, this is a very good place for them to start. Unless they hang on to their sense of what is honorable, unless they are able to project that sense into public affairs, their contribution to national government will be nothing.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

What Does Civilization Mean, if a Hungry Man Can’t Get a Loaf of Bread, or a Chance to Earn It? NEW YORK. July 21.—The Ottawa conference opens at an unfortunate moment. This is no time to talk of trade wars. The civilized world has more trouble on hand than it knows how to handle, with revolution impending in half a dozen countries. Many Europeans believe that another general conflict is not far off. An amazing demand for gas masks has developed in France and Germany. It all goes back to a feeling of insecurity. Half the human race has lost faith in its institutions, but has no substitute. The prevailing unrest is doubly serious, because it lacks purpose. On every hand, there is a cry for temporary relief, and with good reason. What does civilization mean if a hungry man can’t get a loaf of bread, or a chance to earn it? a a a No One Has Answer THE worst of it is. no one seems to know*whv we are in such a mess, or what should be done to get us out of it. The cycle theory sounded all right in the fall of 1929, or even the spring of 1930, but has failed miserably ever since. The curve which ought to have turned upward many months ago continues to be a straight line downward, not only here, but everywhere. Surpluses, especially in food and clothing lines, should havq disappeared long ere this, but they haven’t. There seems to be such an abundance of common necessities as to warrant the lowest prices in twenty years. In spite of these prices, millions of people are suffering for lack of enough to eat. Experts are stumped, leaders bewildered, and the masses scared. a a a Balance Is Disrupted THUS far we have tried to correct the situation by a little judicious patching at the top—have hold international conferences, national conferences, and industrial conferences galore—have assumed that the economic structure was sound until the crash came and that it could be restored. That economic structure was a by-product of the war, snarled up with preposterous debts, operated on false security, and made impractical by an industrial alignment which did not fit the needs of peace. The economic structure was fairly well adapted to the law of supply and demand in 1913. Under normal conditions, it would have changed very little between that time and 1919, but the exigencies of war caused it to change profoundly. You can’t put 65,000,000 men under arms without upsetting most every line of work. You can’t provide them with food, equipment and ammunition without altering the industrial system. You can’t kill a. sixth of them and cripple a third, without disrupting the social balance. a a a World Is Shell-Shocked COMMON sense suggested that we revert to the peace-time set-up. tried to hold our industries as they were when the western front was booming, tried to go on with the plotxof debt, tried to make ourselves believe that powder and smoke represented good collateral and that what had been lost on the battlefield could be with the right kind of a bookkeeping system. During the last thirteen years, we have been living in a shell-shocked, crippled world, yet we have expected it to do more than it did when in good health. Those in charge of affairs, whether politically, or economically, seem to have imagined that nothing was lost, that by some hook or crook the inflated values and boomed industries born of war could go right on paying dividends, and, if they failed, the taxpayers would make it up The rehabilitation of business, recovery of trade, and return of prosperity can not be had by looking back at the war, or its consequences. They depend on the needs of peace and on revising the economic structure to meet those needs.

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Apropos of our I socio-economic situation. I am reminded of an observation once made by a financial expert regarding stocks, bonds and other securities. If a graph or chart be plotted it invariably will be found that those stocks that are chiefly industrial will begin to ascend. This stage marks the beginning of a prosperity wave. Then, real estate securities will begin the upward trend. This is obvious, because land values result not only from the .mere presence of population, but also from constructive human activity, which in this particular case expresses itself in the form of industry and business. Prosperity continues until land values reach the crest of the wave This is the time of land booms and other forms of speculation. The next stage witnesses the slow decline of the industrial stocks. Times begin to get hard. Industrial, business and bank failures result. Men are thrown out of employment. A panic or depression follows. The explanation is simple: Industry and business can not meet the speculative high rentals. The above observation has been true of all our major panics and depressions, and is equally true of our present one. Since post-war prosperity, land values and rents have been exceptionally high, and remained so even when our present panic raged its worst. But now they, are descending slowly. Observers should be encouraged by the falling of speculative land rents and values, for when they reach the lowest ebb. business and industry will pick up. and prosperity will be with us again, until high land values and rents initiate another panic. JOHN C. ROSE. 1112 Forbes street, Pittsburgh, Pa. What does the name Fernandez mean? It is a Spanish name meaning “faithful to trust ” {

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Three Main Dangers Menace Infants

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvreia, the Health Maeazine. INFANT mortality rates signify the number of deaths of infants at birth, and from birth to 1 year of age. There are certain principles concerned in evaluating these rates. These principles indicate the means of attack against the disease that caused the deaths and also the means of lowering these death rates. As is pointed out in a recent bulletin of the health organization of the League of Nations, infancy must be protected against three main dangers. First, difficulties that exist at birth; second, disturbances related to diet and digestion; and third, infectious disease. Practically all deaths at birth and during the first seven days of life

IT SEEMS TO ME by M f L A L * R

TN coming here, my cue, of course, A is to be the surprised little boy in a real city for the first time or so. I am surprised, all right, and also I am bewildered. But big buildings, after all, are simply that many more bricks piled side by side. And also I notice you have the same full moon these nights as we have at home. Next year, in all fairness to Heywood Broun, I shall invite him to cover my tiny beat of a waterfront in San Diego while I take my vacation for a change. lie shall be invited to cover it during the year’s hottest week, the same as has been done to me. Should he complain I. too, merely shall remind him: “But think, Mr. Broun, just think of all the interesting people you will get to meet around the docks. There’s Pat, the wharfinger on pier No. 1. There’s Joe Brennan, the port director. There’s Tony, the shoreboat operator. ; He had seven children when I left, but now, I presume, he has eight, as the trip across was a long one. You'll get to meet all these, Mr. Broun. I'll give yoi| letters.” a ,a ' a Let the Big Boys Do It AS for commenting on the country's daily tribulations, I'll let the big.boys handle ail that while I stand back of their chairs son awhile and watch how they do it. I want to know how they chose which side to be on—if by flipping a quarter or if by going hand-over-hand up a baseball bat. Also, you understand, of course, that I know no more about Hollywood than you do, although the smart thing for us to do on arriving from southern California is to assume a mysterious squint in the left eye whenever Hollywood is mentioned—or Culver City, either. But the leading ladies and the leading men of those cinema barracks are like our boyhood days. We can say anything intimate we like

Who Gives You a Thrill? Are you “crazy about” the work of some particular man screen actor? Who's your favorite? Is there some piece of personal information you want to know about him? Our Washington Bureau has compiled anew bulletin on Popular Men of the Screen, giving condensed and up-to-date biographical information about a number of rhe most popular present-day actors and their careers. It contains much information you have often wanted. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept, 139, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin. POPULAR MEN OF THE SCREEN, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Caught in His Own Web!

may be related to congenital and developmental defects. The infectious diseases and the disturbances of digestion concern infants somewhat older. Any district in which the death rate of infants is fifty or less for each 1,000 births may be considered as having a low infant mortality rate. * Any rate over seventy is considered a fairly high rate. Wherever rates are ever seventy, there is likely to be considerable amount of disease of the stomach and intestines, and this represents the extra mortality. In a previous series of articles in these columns I discussed some of the ways in which attention to the mother previous to the birth of the child would insure healthfulness of the mother and a lowered infant mortality rate. The means used to reduce deaths at birth and within the first one or two weeks of life are concerned

about them, and there is nobody around to contradict. You can, though, ask me anything you desire about tuna or albacore or purse-seiners. I can help you out there. Likewise I can help you out a little—not much, but a little—on Agua Caliente, Tijuana and the woman I met on the train who said her grandparents were among the first settlers in New Mexico, if that would be of any interest. Otherwise my information about persons known as “interesting” is rather limited. Sorry. Settling N, Y, Troubles IDO, though, know the solutions to all New York’s problems, but will relate them as a climax just before I leave. I learned the solutions from a man sitting across from me while we were ‘going through Nevada. He wore glasses and was traveling with his wife. While I was reading he reached over and said, “Where you going?” I told him “New York.” He said, “You’ll find it a lot bigger than these towns you’ve been used to on the coast.” And it’s just such public-spirited

m today m IS THE- Vs [ WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

CHATEAU-THIERRY FREED July 21 ON July 21, 1918, after one of the longest sieges of the war, French and American troops finally succeeded in driving the Germans from Chateau-Thierry and pushed across the Marne behind them to advance more than four miles. On the Balkan front, FrancoItalian forces advanced in Albania, and captured Point lozi, on the crest of Mali Silovez. Another political blow to Austria came when the Von Seidler cabinet resigned. Baron von Hussarek was appointed premier.

primarily with the health of the mother rather than that of the child. By preventing toxemia and a difficult childbirth, the lives of both mother and infant may be saved. It has been a rule in medicine for years to consider the health and life of the mother before that of the prospective child. It always is for the obstetrician to decide at the time of the emergency the measures that he is going to take with a view to saving the life of the mother and to doing everything possible to save the life of the child. One of the greatest dangers to all infants is the danger of improper food. It happens, however, that this is also the easiest and most certainly overcome of all the dangers. Mothers must be encouraged, in every possible case* to nurse their own babies.

Mr. Miller, author of “I Cover the Waterfront,” is conducting this column during Mr. Broun’s vacation.

information as this from strangers which makes traveling in our country what it is today. Nor was my trip in vain in another respect. I thought of anew title, “The Flies Bite in Kansas.” But, then, I always am thinking of new titles, so pay no attention. There comes a time in all trips when nothing is left to do but to think up titles. The road to New York is paved with thought-up titles. They puff up, out and away, the same as smoke from the engine. It's a game —the engine and I were playing a game. Now that at last I am here, now that at last I am in New York, I would trade this whole block beneath the window for one hour in the tiny cove back home where the fellows right now are swimming without jerseys. n u Where Are Clever Sayings? FROM reading of New York—always New York, New York, New York—l should be forgiven for having presumed that all rooms here constantly are being visited by one steady stream of clever sayings. The ‘•sayings” come dressed up in dinner coats to remain until daylight. The talk is of books, the stage, books, the stage, books, the stage. But I’ve waited around an hour now without a single dinner coat rapping on the door. I may as well be home sitting on a pier, I guess. I may as well be home looking down at the baby mackerel which come in with the tide. Os course. I could tackle the subject of politics. Anybody can tackle the subject of politics. Yet the only inside politics with which I am familiar is what the man and his wife told me on the train. And, as I said before, I am saving all this for the grand crisis. It is too immense, too eloquent, too stirring, to give here without a larger crowd around. Nor can anybody say, either, that on leaving my waterfront I did not come prepared to be a columnist. I did my part. I brought a lounging gown, a cigaret holder, and an eye for celebrities. All I lacked was presence of mind enough to ask Heywood Broun please to wait a day to tell me what to do and how to do it, too. For the way things are, I would not recognize one of your town’s celebrities even if the bellboy brought one into me in a pitcher of water. Maybe I got off at the wrong station. Maybe that is it. I really must bump into a clever quotation from somebody pretty soon. It's a long way to have come just to sit. I really must start doing something. I know—l’ll telephone down to the desk clerk to send me a witty remark. He will do that. He is a friend. When I asked for 'my key, he spoke to me. He said, “Are you sure now you can find your room?” (CoDvrisrht. 1932. bv The Times)

Daily Thoughts For we being many aro one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread.— Corinthians 10:17. All finery is a sign of littleness.Lavater.

JULY 21, 1922

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Fluctuations in Gulf Stream Have Little Effect on United States Climate, Oceanographers Say. IF any portion of the United States east of the Rocky mountains develops a spell of unusually hot, cool, wet or dry weather before the end of the summer, the chances are 100 to 1 that somebody will blame it on the Gulf Stream. If the weather becomes unusual at any time next winter, the Gulf Stream will again get the blame. Periodically, someone advances the notion that Florida will turn into a desert or New England into an ice field because the Gulf Stream is shifting its direction. Schemes even have been advanced for diverting the Gulf Stream to bring about improvements in the weather of the United States. In view of these perennial claims, it is of interest to note what meteorologists and oceanographers have to say about the importance of the Gulf Stream. They believe that there are minor fluctuations in the Gulf Stream, but that these fluctuations have an almost negligible effect upon the weather conditions in the United States. This viewpoint does not minimize the importance of the Gulf Stream in the general scheme of worldwide wind and water circulation, the factors which in all probability determine climate and general weather conditions of any given region. But it does absolve the Gulf Stream from any blame for unusual weather in the United States. a a a Mightiest Current METEOROLOGISTS and oceanographers have discovered that there is an inter-acting system of winds and ocean currents. Both, undoubtedly, owe their origin to the unequal warming of the air in different latitudes by the sun, and the rotation of the earth. .The Gulf Stream, biggest of all the ocean currents, has been described by one scientist as “the grandest and most mighty terrestial phenomenon.” The Gulf Stream can be thought of as a “river in the sea,” but in this connection it must be remembered that in the nature of things it can not have such sharp and distinct boundaries as distinguish a river on lend. The stream comes out of the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida. At this point, according to Dr. H. A. Mariner of che United States coast and Geodetic survey, it resembles a gigantic river, for it is forty miles wide, 2,000 feet deep, and flowswith a surface velocity of four miles an hour. This means that each hour the Gulf Stream sends through the Straits of Florida into the sea about 100.000,000,000 tons of water. This is about 1,000 times morn water than is poured into the Gulf of Mexico each hour by the Mississippi River, a river which drains about 40 per cent of the area of the United States. The water of the Gulf Stream has a beautiful, transparent, blue color. Its surface temperature is about 80 degrees. The temperature falls off rapidly, however, below the surface. Leaving the Straits of Florida, the stream flows due north for about 2,000 miles. It is then joined by the Antilles current and continues its flow in a northeasterly direction along the south Atlantic states. Next it swings across the Atlantic to the shores of northwestern Europe. It disappears into the Arctic seas. a a u Effect on Europe THE Gulf Stream has a profound influence upon the climate of northwestern Europe. For example, northern Norway has an avearge January temperature which is 45 degrees higher than the normal for that latitude. Hammerfest, a Norwegian port beyond the Arctic Circle, has open water during the winter, whereas, the port of Riga, 800 miles farther south, is ice-bound in winter. But, as already stated, scientists insist that the Gulf Stream has practically no influence upon weather in the United States. Why, then, is the Gulf Stream so important to Europe and so unimportant to America? The answer lies in the air currents. In winter, the winds in northwestern Europe are mostly from the southwest. These winds, blowing over the warm, waters of the Gulf Stream, are warmed up and so they carry warm air to the coast. This is why the Gulf Stream warms northwestern Europe. The winds effect the transfer of heat from Gulf Stream to coast. In the United States, however., the prevailing winds along the north Atlantic coast are from the northwest. In other words, the wind blows from inland out to sea. Consequently, the warm waters of the Gulf Stream, lying several hundred miles off the coast, are powerless to warm the American coast. Meteorologists regard schemes to change the flow of the Gulf Stream as impractical. They point to the mighty volume of water involved as one of the obstacles. Moreover, they are not certain that it would help any to bring the Gulf Stream closer to the American coast. They say that bringing warmer air closer to the American coast only would accelerate the velocity at which cold air would flow down from the northwest; thus resulting in colder and not warmer winters for the Atlantic coast.

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