Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 45, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 July 1932 — Page 4

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Roosevelt This newspaper’s opinion of Franklin D. Roosevelt as a public official has been stated frequently. He now is the Democratic nominee. Our opinion stands. Yet we hope with the utmost sincerity that the future conduct of Mr. Roosevelt himself, as Governor and as presidential candidate, will give us cause to revise that opinion. That depends on Mr. Roosevelt. His greatest asset, as thp presidential campaign begins, is the platform his party has given him. It has lifted the nation with anew hope. Unlike the evasive Republican platform, it is forward-looking, clear, and forthright. These qualities, so important—though so rare in normal times, and so desperately needed in these times—are essential, not only in platform but in candidate, if our country is to-be led forth from its season of distress. It is therefore our earnest prayer that franklin I). Roosevelt may rise to the crisis into which he, as nominee of his party, enters. The Women Score Thp men who wrote the Democratic platform in Chicago did a good job. But in their desire to boil it down, they forgot to mention an important group, the children. Had the omission concerned only a sentimental reference to the young, it would not have mattered. But it happens there is something concrete the Democrats can do for children, particularly the handicapped and the poor. This is to save from encroaching Hoover bureaucracy the United Statesl children’s bureau. So the women got busy. A call went out to the women of all delegations to meet at the League of Women Voters headquarters and plan a floor battle. When Mrs. Caroline O'Day of New York offered her resolution pledging the party to “continued responsibility of government for human welfare, especially for'the protection of children,” they were ready. One amendment after another to the resolutions committee platform was mowed down by the convention, the minority prohibition plank, Governor Murray's bonus, McAdoo's’ bank proposal and the rest. The children’s plank was the single amendment accepted. In pledging the party to this plank, the women have demonstrated the power of women in politics at its best. The Fee Scandal Closing of some 2,290 banks in the United States during 1931, with resulting foreclosures, bankruptcies, and receiverships, gives special interest to the article on “The Fee Feed-Bag,” by Mitchell Dawson of the Illinois bar, in the American Mercury. The fee system had its origin in the institution of the justice of the peace which wc took, hook, line, and sinker, from Britain. As one wag has remarked, this meant quite literally “paying for justice by the piece,” like any other commodity. The justice usually gets no salary and must secure his income solely through fees. In 1927 the justices were on the fee system in forty-four states, and this condition has not changed notably in the last five years. The fee system puts a premium on conviction and favoritism. If the justice convicts a man in a criminal case, he gets his fee directly and promptly. If he acquits, he must get it through appeal to the county, accompanied by delay and red tape. In civil cases, the judge will not get much work unless he has developed a reputation for dependability from a large clientele who can refer eases to him with assurance. Asa result, it is a popular saying in civil cases that “J. P.” stands not for justice of the peace, but for judgment for the plaintiff.” Far more serious, however, is the fee system as it operates with receivers, their attorneys, masters in chancery and the like—all more powerful, flossy, and expensive than the humble justices. We have here an impressive record of political favoritism in appointments and of high fees rendered for services. Take bank receiverships. Tney probably are the most efficient of the lot, the best supervised, and the freest front political venality. In the case of receivers for closed federal banks, the comptroller of the currency makes the selections. Yet, even in bank receiverships, there is plenty of evidence that they often arc political plums: “In one urban district, for instance, a casual inspection discloses that bank receiverships have been handed out to a party leader in the state legislature, a former public administrator, the son of a county commissioner, the husband of a former collector of internal revenue, a former treasurer of a park board, and a former assistant to a probate judge. “The political hook-up is even more striking when we examine a list of those appointed as attorneys for bank receivers.” Even in the case of federal receiverships, where the fees are supervised by the federal courts, vast sums are eaten up in fees and administrative costs. “The last report of the attorney-general of the United States shows that fees allowed to receivers, trustees, masters, marshals, and attorneys in bankruptcy cases alone, for the year ended June 30. 1931, amounted to $9,711,605, and that other expenses of administration brought the total cost to $19,777,068 for collecting and distributing assets valued at $89,535,070. . .A motley congregation of parasites swarms through even- bankrupt estate, demanding fees, knowing they will be paid.” Fees in state bank receiverships are controlled less closely than in national bank cases. In one state bank case a bank had resources of $975,161 and deposits of $1,228,704. Over a period of eighteen months, the receiver got $20,340, his attorney $19,378. and clerical help $24,130. But not a cent in dividends was paid to the creditors. Masters of chancery are especially notorious for their charges. One asked SIIB,OOO for 282 days of service of five hours each. The court finally cut it to $49,250. When it comes to such lucrative and relatively unsupervised plums as receiverships for business blocks, apartment houses, and the like, the situation has, quite literally, attained the proportions of a racket. In the case of one apartment hotel, the 1 •V ' ;

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRirPS-HOWARI) WEWSPAFZR) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a ’ copy: elsewhere. 3 cents —delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail subscrip* tion rates In Indiana. $3 a year: outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY \V. HOWARD. eTrl Dlt AKER ’ Editor President Business’ Manager PHONE— Hliey MSI SATURDAY. JULY Member of United Press. Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. "Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

reported a gross income of $459,017 and a net income before interest, depreciation, and amortization, of only $4,392. In spite of in part because of, high fees, little i* collected for creditors in many cases. “During the five years ended June 30, 1929, claims amounting to nearly $4,000,000,000 were wiped out in bankruptcy, with the average payment of dividends approximating B’i cents on a dollar. ’ This is, of course, due in part to lax laws which permit continuance of the scandalous bankruptcy racket. Dawson s conclusions seem warranted by the facts he brings forward: ‘ No reasonable person can doubt that the system of paying public officials, directly by fees, is wasteful* and demoralizing. . . . The remedy for the fee system, like that for any parasitic growth, is complete excision .... “The public would do well to devote its energies toward removing the fee bag beyond the hungry reach of officialdom, rather than to waste time over fees that already have been apportioned and consumed.” To Keep a Promise Ihe Democrats, in their platform, again pledge their party to Philippine independence. This action is no mere gesture now. For there is a measure, the Hawes-Cutting bill, hanging fire in the senate. It is on the calendar, and its authors claim 78 senators are ready to vote for it. A companion measure, the Hare bill, has passed the house overwhelmingly. The Hawes-Cutting bill is conservative enough. It withholds a plebiscite for upward of twenty years while the islanders gradually develop economic freedom through a dominion status. At the end of that period, they may or may not vote themselves free. Filipino leaders are supporting the Hawes-Cutting bill, American labor wants it, local interests, eager to be protected against insular imports, want it. The overwhelming majority of Americans, who bclie\e the nation should keep its word, want it. Action of the Democrats in Chicago should spur congress to pass this legislation before adjournment. Nye’s Victory Senator Gerald Nye of North Dakota, one of the ,'ounger men of the senate progressive bloc, has won against his enemies in his state’s primaries by a big majority. For two reasons this is good news. Nye has been particularly useful in exposing that vicious modern trend, the purchase of senate seats by excessive election expenditures. Because of his activities, elections in the United States'are cleaner. The primary results also prove that the liberal movement in this country is not being intimidated by reactionary forces. Nye made his campaign as an outspoken enemy of the Hoover policies. It is a good augury for liberal candidates in the fall elections. A Norwegian jail reports that it had but one prisoner for six months. And he said the only reason he didn t go mad from loneliness was that he frequently was visited by officials who came around to count him. I Chicago is expecting 50,000,000 visitors to the! wo:lds fair. That ought to be a good time to start cleaning out the gangsters, since during that time the hoodlums will be outnumbered. After looking over the list of candidates for the fall elections, it seems that about half the people are mnning for sheriff. The other half’is running from him. After all the governmental scandal of the last veai. we have about reached the conclusion that poli- ! ticians use cold decks in their deals. Ii King Prajadhipok just has to go, we certainly hope he eventually will be replaced by a fellow named Jones or Johnson. The first thing the Lausanne conference did was to decide to postpone for six months telling us we won't get the war debts. The Democratic convention has cleared up at least one point. There’s no longer any doubt as to what the Governor of North Carolina said. A college girl says she couldn't think of marrying a man she didn't respect. But that’s not a real handicap. Nearly every girl has plenty of respect for money. The depression has proved at least one good thing. Even the big men can have a lot of little troubles. There are times when the amateur gardener calls a spade a lot of things besides a spade.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

\ STUDENT of educational trends, H. E. Buchholz, 7“ has hurled a devastating broadside at certain leaders of the National Education Association, in the cunent American Mercury. He charges them with using this huge organization for sectarian propaganda and with using strong-arm methods to intimidate teachers. It is the sort of thing that should be read carefully by friends of the N. E. A. So irked is the author that he asks a congressional investigation of the order which today almost controls the public schools. No one should be surprised that a few men have succeeded in frightening some millions of school teachers. In the present situation, this is easy to do. And it is just as easy to silence the other millions of women who make up the Parent-Teacher Association, in spite of the fact that they are concerned honestly with progress of education. All women’s inhibitions bid them keep silent when men declaim their theories. a a a 'T'HERE are sets experiences more disquieting than -1- to sit with a group of women bent upon some good work and watch the manner in which the two or three inevitable men concerned in the same cause will run the whole proceeding. The ladies may mutter angrily, sotto voce, but once the meeting is called to order, the brothers always put over their pet schemes. And rare are the women s organizations that do not have some glorified Mussolinis who dictate the policies and bask delightedly in the admiration of the fluttering petticoat brigade. Women do not have that serene self-assurance that enables even the stupidest man to tread the earth as if he were a potentate. And the smaller the circle of his authority, and the more women it contains, the more daringly will he strut. Centuries of subjection by men and male ideas has bred within women's souls an unconscious timidity, a fear of ridicule, and dark doubts. We lack faith in ourselves, and faith in oneself is the very foundation of leadership.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M; E: Tracy Says:

I Congress Can and Should Immediately Legalize Beer; the People Want It Done. "VTEW YORK, July 2.—There is 1 no need of waiting for repeal j of the eighteenth amendment to get some measure or relief from the tragic effects of national prohibition. Congress can, and should immediately legalize beer, if not light wine, in such states as are ready to permit its manufacture and sale. Congress should do this for the following reasons: First, the people want it done. Second, it would provide the federal government with badly needed revenue. Third, it would make work for thousands of idle men and women. Fourth, it would create an additional market for farm products. Fifth, it would remove one major source of political corruption. Sixth, it would end one phase of gang warfaie and racketeering. Seventh, it would restore to the channels of legitimate business an enormous amount of money which now goes for the support of crime. ft 8 >t Coercion Has Failed SUCH action would not interfere with the rights and wishes of dry states, while it would recognize those of wet states. Let us not be liars and hypocrites any longer. Let us admit that we have been trying to coerce wet states and that we have failed. If nullification, open, known and winked at by the authorities, is to be taken as an index, most of the states are wet. The places are few and far between in this country where people can’t slake a thirst, even for stronger stuff than beer. The situation would be a joke if it were not undermining respect for law and honesty in government. That is really w T hat scared us. 8 U ft Majority Wants Repeal ENOUGH has occurred during the last few weeks to indicate not only a profound change in sentiment toward national prohibition, but what the majority of people want done to satisfy it. The Democratic party has come out for repeal and, pending repeal, for legalizing beverages of such low alcoholic content as honestly conform to the Constitution. It is a good bet that the Republican party would have taken about the same stand had the delegates to its recent convention not been handpicked and muzzled by the Hoover administration. nun Do It Now ALL save a few fanatics realize that the tide has turned, that the American people are through with the ‘noble experiment.” Why postpone the inevitable? An impoverished government needs revenue, overburdened taxpayers need relief, millions of unemployed need work, bankrupt farmers need a market, decent citizens need protection from gang rule, and law enforcement needs to be freed from an impossible task. W e might just as well get going at once. There is not the slightest excuse to wait for the November returns. Both the great parties are on record, even if one straddled, at the command of its short-sighted bosses. Repeal has been written into the convictions of this country, if not into its Constitution. That makes modification of the Volstead act a logical step which congress has ample power to take and which is called for by the economic distress and social chaos that now afflict us.

People’s Voice

Editor Times —It seems that our smartest men and statesmen are at a loss to know why and why is the cause of the depression that has gripped the world for several years. Some say it is prohibition, some say the tariff. Everybody has a remedy and it seems that none of their remedies works. I do not intend to give a remedy, because I do not know of any, but I do know that prohibition, as it is called, has had a great deal to do with the cause, and I do know that this billion-dollar tariff has done more to cause the depression than any other thing. The Republican party has preached high tariff, high wages, and high products ever since I can ■remember such if party, and everybody knows that it is not working now, with the price of stock and grain and wages as low, if not lower, than • under Cleveland and free trade. We must have an outlet for our products to keep cur factories running. If we can’t sell, we can’t keep on pi oducing, thereby throwing men out of employment. We have been boycotted by every nation we usually trade with and it is plain to be seen that if we can’t sell, we don’t get any tariff revenue. Competition is the life of trade, and we have killed both and lost the confidence of the nations of the world. As for prohibition, in the last twelve years we have spent millions of the people’s hard-earned tax money, and we are no nearer to prohibition than we were at the beginning. We have lost in taxes SI.IO on every gallon sold during these twelve years. We have spent millions to keep up our prisons and feed our prisoners. We find a stream of our money going to Canada and other countries for whiskey, wine, beer, that never returns. Also, when we find that 75 per cent of this booze trade is handled by foreigners, we shouldn’t wonder at the condition of our government. When I read our Junior Senator Robinson's talks on prohibition, I sometimes wonder if he shouldn't be better posted on this subject before the November election. The booze seller, the racketeer, the rum runner is voting the same way he does, to keep in business. ' The sooner the eighteenth amendment is done away with, the quicker he will have to quit business, and the better off we will be. A ONE-GALLUS FARMER. What are the relative weights per cubic foot of coke and coal? Coke, 20 to 28 pounds, the average being about 26 pounds; bituminous coals, 45 to 50 pounds; anthracite, 50 to 56 pounds.

Is My Face Red! j Fauttpeß ' i ij V . f t ,j '

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Cathartics May Kill in Appendicitis

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. IN the United States and Canada, appendicitis is responsible for some 25,000 deaths each year. It has been estimated that the death rate from this disease almost equals the combined death rates from obstruction of the bowels, ulcer of the stomach and intestines, and gallstones. Moreover, even though medical science has developed suitable technic for diagnosis and surgical treatment of this condition, the death rate continues to rise. Studies by investigators in many different clinics indicate definite reasons for the increase of deaths, j some of which are particularly important, because a popular understanding of these reasons certainly would result in lowering the rate. Practically all investigators are agreed that the common household custom of giving a severe cathartic , at the onset of every pain in the i

IT SEEMS TO ME

CHICAGO, July 2.—What day is this and where am I? Please pardon the confusion. Probably we never should have taken that last ballot. -But I can explain everything. I was sitting up with a sick convention. Yesterday, I think it was, or maybe tomorrow morning. I wonder what they put in that last ballot. And never before have I had greater need for a clear head. I want to tell you all how love came to me at the Democratic national convention. We have taken a little cottage on the banks of the twothirds rule, where every prospect pleases and only man is vile. The “We” refers to me and Prudence Ginsburgh, the trombone player in the Oklahoma lady Kilties band. It might be just as well to begin at the beginning, although that takes us all the way back to the nominating speech for William H. Murray. He just had been named and the demonstration in his favor was on. I wouldn't predict about one, but I'll bet you could have heard two pins drop. And then into the hall blared Prudence and the Oklahoma Lady Kilties band. At first it was the idlest of impulses. Just youth and 4 o'clock in the morning and a fellow who had gone through the experience of having three flasks shot from under him. In other words, I decided to join the William H. Murray parade and to enlist for the duration of the demonstration. 0 8 8 Fate and Prudence FATE and the deadlock willed it that I should be marching next to Prudence Ginsburgh. At first no words were spoken. I can not even say that our hands met. After all, she was playing “Give Me Something to Remember You By” on the trombone. As I remembei, we were passing

- What Does It Mean? What does it mean when a country “goes off the gold standard?” What is “bi-metallism?” What is “free coinage?” What are “gold reserves?" What did “sixteen to one” mean? What is money and why is it money? The world-wide economic depression has brought all these questions into the forefront of daily discussion. You want to know what these terms mean, and you want a background of information on monetary systems. Our Washington bureau has ready for you one of its authoritative and comprehensive bulletins on the subject. It is titled “Gold and Silver Money.” It contains a mine of up-to-the-minute information on this subject. Fill out the coupon below and mail as directed: Dept. 178. Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin on “Gold and Silver Money,” and enclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled. United States postage stamps, for return postage and handling costs. NAME STREET and NO \ CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

stomach and abdomen is largely | responsible. ! It is agreed by most competent | physicians and surgeons that im- : mediate operation in an acute ap- : pendicitis is necessary if lives are to be saved. If the operation is done within ; the first twenty-four to thirty-six j hours after the symptoms appear, | the death rate is low. If the operation is done seventytwo hours later, the mortality isincreased. If it is done ninety-six hours later, the mortality is exceedingly high. In a recent review of this subject, Dr. C. F. Dixon analyzed reports of 5,523 cases operated on over a period of five years. Every patient who died had one or more cathartics before any attempt was made to make a scientific diagnosis of the cause of his symptoms. Doctors learn early in their career the characteristic symptoms of appendicitis. These symptoms ’include pain in the abdomen, par-

lIEYWOOD BROUN

Pennsylvania. Or maybe Pennsylvania was passing in order to poll the delegation. At any rate, we walked together all the way from the sun-kissed delegates of California to the rock-ribbed gates of Maine. That is why I call her Prue. A political expert from Washington says that in Oklahoma once around the convention hall constitutes a common law marriage. But political experts invariably are wrong. After all, I merely inquired if she would like to be bound by the unit rule. At first the talk was casual and in snatches. It seemed best not to try to carry on a conversation while Prue was playing her trombone. We had to exchange our confidences during those intervals in the music where no passages as yet have been written for the trombone. Since we were both marching in an Alfalfa Bill demonstration, it appeared to be only tactful to broach some of the economic issues in which the great Governor is interested so vitally. “What do you think of the relationship between the debts and reparations?” I asked politely. 8 8 8 Seems a Little Mixed “T don’t think anybody’:: got a A right to pry into their private life even if he is a congressman,” replied Prudence. Possibly the cornet just back of her right ear confused her a little and so I added, “How about bimetallism?” Now when a man asks a fair question like that and the girl replies, “You’re telling me. big boy,” I think he has a right to assume that he will not get far with the young lady by discussing financial structure. We turned to things of smaller moment. But it developed that Prudence thought Alfalfa Bill was something you got from the feed store at the beginning of every month. “Don’t you take any interest in

ticularly in the right lower quarter, tenderness over the abdomen, and rigidity of the muscles of the abdomen when any attempt is made to press on the tender point. In some 60 to 70 per cent of all the cases, there also i5 extreme nausea. In most cases the number of leukocytes is increased in the blood, as can be determined by any physician with a simple blood count. It is not well to count on too high a fever, because the temperature may not rise to an exceedingly high point. The fever will fall should the appendix rupture, only to rise again, of course, when peritonitis sets in. With the onset of pain, tenderness, rigidity, and with inability to find any definite cause for the pain, the average person will do well to consult his physician immediately. Drastic cathartics never should be taken except under medical advice. Laxatives should be taken only when the cause of the abdominal distress is quite definitely related to dietary indiscretions or chronic failure of the bowel to act.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those oi one o( America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

this great demonstration in which you are participating?” I exclaimed in shocked surprise. “None whatsoever,” she answered and for the first time all the flash of witty banter was gone out of her voice. She was crying. Between trombone solos she told me her sad story. It seems that Prudence Ginsburgh is a girl who gets no fun out of conventions, because she is a professional stampeder. 8 8 8 So She Confesses SHE lives with her married sister in Tulsa and at almost any hour of the day or night a man drives up with the other lady Kilties in a big bus and says, “Come on, Prudence. We’re going out to stampede a convention.” In the beginning, she used to ask where the convention was sitting and what it was all about. Indeed, in her early days, she wouldn’t take a convention unless she liked it. But now the life has got her. She asks no questions. Racked by sobs, Prue confessed to me that once she stampeded a convention of the Anti-Saloon League. The harsh life has calloused her to such extent that she can’t tell the difference between the Elks and the Single-taxers. It is her' contention that “when you’ve seen one wild demonstration you’ve seen ’em all.” But isn’t there any difference,” I wanted to know, “between Republicans and Democrats?” “Yes,” she admitted, “if the fellers pinch you as you go by. then they’re Democrats. But it did happen to me once with the Farmer-Labor party.” “You poor child,” I cried as I threw both arms around her. “I will protect you. I’m a Socialist.” By the time this is printed, the Democrats may have nominated a J candidate for the presidency. But j Prue and I won’t care. Not even a Franklin Delano Roosevelt can spoil our happiness.

(Copyright. 1932. bv The Times)

Questions and Answers

Who was Aesculapius? The Greek god of medicine. What is the altitude record for airplanes? Lieutenant Apollo Soucek ascended 43,166 feet, over Washington, D. C„ in June, 1930. Who is the surgeon-general, United States public health service? Hugh S. Cummings. What is the name for the place where herons nest and breed? Heronry. In the game of auction pinochle with a widow, what is the score for a combination of four kings and four queens? The combination is called a ’ round trip” and scores 240 points. When combined with the trump sequence, the two melds are worth only 350 in this form of the game, as the trump marriage is lost.

JULY 2, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

j Child Life Flows on Much as It Did Twenty Centuries 1 Ago in Greece. CRADLES in ancient Greece, 2.000 years ago. were made to rock with an end-to-end motion—like that of a rocking chair—instead of the modern side-to-side motion. That is the chief difference in the institutions of child life in 2,000 years, according to Anita E. Klein, professor of Greek and Latin in Penn college. She is lecturing this summer at Columbia university on “Child Life in Greek Art." She also is the author of a book by the same title just published by the Columbia university Press. The only other difference of importance she finds is that in the old days, mothers spanked their children with a ; sandil instead of a bedroom slipper. But while the auto, the radio, the airplane and the machine have been making over the institutions of adult life, child-life flows on much as It did 2,000 years ago. High chairs, rattles, dolls, doll furniture, gocarts, wheelbarrows, ball games and dancing lessons were all familiar in child life in ancient Greece, she says. Prof. Klein arrived at her conclusion from a study of Greek statutes, vases, reliefs and other examples of classic art. n tt a Bronze Rattles GRECIAN babies played with rattles, wood or terracotta, Professor Klein points out. They not only were given to the babies as toys, but were used by nurses to lull the babies to sleep. She also discovered one unique device which was a combination rattle and bottle. A clay pellet was inserted inside the bottle so that when the child finished the milk it could use the bottle as a rattle. Wooden horses on wheels were among the toys discovered by Professor Klein. She also found many examples of animated or mechanical toys. One toy was that of a woman kneading bread. Movable joints made it possible for the toy to go through the requisite motions. Among other toys she discovered hops, tops, jackstones, kites, seesaws, swings, and jumping-ropes. .Pets were even more numerous among the children of antiquity than they are today and included dogs, quail, ravens, geese, ducks, pigs, goats, calves, deer, hare and mice. Apparently the modern “progressive’’ school and summer camp have nothing on ancient Greece in the matter of nature study through pets. It seems, however, as though Greek children were not taught to be kind to their pets. At least, they frequently weren’t. A large number of reliefs show children holding pet ' doves almost within reach of dogs. “We are driven to the conclusion that children were not always Urged to treat their pets with kindness, and the artist himself did not hesitate to portray what seems to us a bit of unnecessary cruelty,” Professor Klein says. 8 8 tt Greek Schools THE three R’s—reading, writing, and arithmetic—and music were taught in the Greek schools. The implements used bear a resemblance to our own, Professor Klein says. “On a wooden writing table with iron handle is written in ink.” Professor Klein points out, “a reading exercise from the first book of the Iliad. “A phonetic chart on a fragment of pottery has all the letters in a column combined with each of the vowels in turn. .“Wax tables generally were made as are our slates, with a thin coating of wax over the central part.

“The characters were scratched in this surface by means of a stylus, an instrument pointed at one end and flat at the other, so as to enable the writer to correct errors by spreading the wax again. On one tablet appear some multiplication tables including the twos and three through ‘times 10.’ “Although it generally is stated that girls did not attend school, and while literature offers us numerous references to the training of girls in the domestic girts and very few concerning school work, archeology provides illustrations of girls reading, writing and going to school, while we look in vain for domestic education. “An inscription from Teos records the fact that provision was made for three teachers to give instruction to the girls there as well as to the boys.”

M TODAY £<3 'V' IS THE- SW WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY °7>feflf

U. S. ARMY AT 2,000,000 July 2

ON July 2, 1918, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker disclosed that the American army now numbered 2,010,000 men and 160,400 officers. The statement was contained in a letter sent to the house committee on military affairs. American troops stormed the village of Vaux after a day of severe fighting. They also drove the Ger- , mans out of the Bois de la Roche, west of Chateau-Thierry and by nightfall were consolidating their newly won positions. British forces near Albert on the Picardy front repulsed a counter- ~ attack led by crack German guard * regiments. They held every acre of ground gained in their advance of the previous day. General Otto von Below was ap-~-pointed commander-in-chief of the Austrian armies, following another " Austrian reverse in the region of * ’ Monte Grappa.

Daily Thoughts

Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth; for the Lord c , is a God of knowledge, and by him aetions aVe weighed.—l Samuel 2:3. A man locket h on his little one as a being of beUt.' hope; in himself ambition is dead, but it hath a resurrection in his son.—Tupper.