Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 41, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 June 1932 — Page 14

PAGE 14

FRANCE SCORNS HOOVER ARMS CUT PROPOSAL U. S. Must Change Policy Before Slashes Will Be Considered. BY WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS Scrlpps-Howard Foreirn Editor WASHINGTON, June 28.—Unless the United States reverses its policy of a dozen years and manifests a willingness to bear its share of the burden of maintaining international peace, President Hoover's drastic plan to cut the world’s land, sea and air armaments one-third is doomed. Acclaimed by the world as a gallant gesture full of promise, any one of six leading military powers of the world—Britain, Prance, Italy, Japan, Russia and the United States—can stop it in its tracks by refusing to disarm. And France, for one, will not. disarm without security. “An international armed force for the maintenance of peace,” Premier Edouard Herriot of France insists, “is the only feasible solution to disarmament. Any other solution is pure chimera.” Points to Japanese Invasion Only the extreme left wing in France—that is to say the Communists—really support disarmament without security. The right, cf course, are more insistent upon it, even, than the Herriot group. France', said Andre Maginot, Tardieu’s minister of war, must hold on to her present means of defense until there is a world agreement to punish aggressors with the armed forces of the combined powers. France now feels the world’s peace machinery is too weak to prevent aggression. She holds Japan has proved the case. China, a vast country of 450,000,000 people, just has been invaded and robbed of one of her richest provinces by a little nation of 65,000,000, yet China and Japan both are members of the League and signatories of the Kellogg pact outlawing war. France does not hold that the league and the pact are worthless. She clings to both as useful. She does maintain, however, that they do not go far enough, and that both are weakened by the aloofness of the United States. Lists 6-Point Program A would-be aggressor, she asserts, will not stop just because of a piece of paper, but will stop if it knows in advance that it will be bounced by an invincible international force. Here is the present French government’s program as opposed to the Hoover plan: 1. Reinforcement of the League of Nations to the point where it not only can, but will, enforce peace or put down an aggressor. 2. Simultaneous reduction and limitation of all armaments under the supervision of the league. 3. Internationalization of aviation, civil and military, under the control of the league. Compromise Is Possible 4. Internationalization of all railway and steamship lines necessary to the mobilization and transport of troops. 5. Manufacture and sale of all war material by private concerns to be strictly forbidden. 6. Appointment of an international commission to supervise the carrying out of these provisions. Some sort of compromise between the Hoover and Herriot views may be possible. There might be a moratorium on armaments and some slight reductions here and there, both in arms and in armament budgets. But unless the United States joins the League or associates itself far more intimately with the other powers than it is now' doing, the Hoover program, however desirable it may be, will lag, according to this writer’s information.

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CAMERA BARES WILD LIFE SECRETS

World Will Be Able to Observe Zoo's Denizens in Natural Seems

For thirty-three years Raymond L. Ditmars has lived among wild animals, not in the Jungle but In the midst of the city. During that time he has been curator of reptiles and mammal* at Bronx Park. Thi* Is the last of a series recounting hia adventures, which are no lee* exciting because they did not take place in the heart of Africa. BY WILLIAM ENGLE Tiraei Staff Writer iCopyright, 1932. by The New York WorldTelegram Corp.) New York. June 28. DR. RAYMOND L. DITMARS, curator, was rated as wise in the w'ays of beavers; so was Peter Romanoff, Bronx Park keeper for twenty-six years. But to the beavers that was the season's merriest jest. Ditmars and Romanoff wanted to make a motion picture of a major beaver engineering feat from start to end—something theretofore never accomplished—and they set up their camera down by the stream that winds along the park’s bearhouse. They trained it upon the spot where they believed a beaver apartment dwelling was to be reared, and they waited for maneuvers. “And that was all,” as Ditmars told it today. “The minute those beavers poked their heads into sight and saw us they flipped over. We heard their tails smack and they disappeared. They didn’t even peek.” tt tt a BUT Ditmars was not giving up. He was absorbed in the ambitious enterprise of making more than a quarter of a million feet of motion picture film showing hundreds of wild creatures at their workaday affairs in natural surroundings, and he was determined to present beaver life as one of his features. “So Peter Romanoff and I began dropping around at noon and eating lunch near the beaver colony. At first, smack went their tails as they had before. “Down went the beavers out of sight the second they caught a glimpse of us. Then, gradually they began to ge used to us. “It was slow plodding. For two months they were leery. But at the end of the third month they adopted us.” Then the picture camera was trained on them and one of them was so affable that he chewed an end off an extra tripod; none of them seemed afraid. n n tt BEFORE the camera’s lens they went ahead with a multitude of operations; built a mud island in midstream; put together a house made of twigs and sticks and mud; bored a tunnel entrance to be submerged later against the possibility of entry by enemies. They cut down trees as big as two feet in diameter at the base, gnaw r ed a crevice around the trunk at an angle so that the great branches would fall precisely where they ■wanted them to fall —across the stream. Then, with sticks and twigs and roots and mud, they erected a dam to a height just sufficient to inundate their home entrance but not great enough to put their living ledge under water. “I shot 10,000 feet of film,” Dr. Ditmars said, “and got so much detail that I had to cut it down to a single reel.” He set about then to produce animal films designed to correct popular misconceptions of the traits of wild creatures. He showed that monkeys do not pick fleas off one another, but merely seem to be up to that. “They're really almost free from parasites in captivity because of the dry air here. They scratch one another because they’re courteous. It, is just their friendy gesture—like a handshake. “One of the films shows a young lady visiting us. She wore a fur, and one of the monkeys, to hint his good-will, began trying to find fleas on her. She was a little upset, but it proved the point.” tt tt tt NEITHER, despite general belief, do all monkeys hang by their tails, the pictures demonstrated. “We showed more than twenty species of simians. The truth is—the pictures revealed—only the New World monkeys have prehensile tails and hang by them from branches; and only the Old World monkeys have cheek pouches.” Buddy, the 16-months-old chimpanzee presented last September to the park by Captain Wauchope, whose freighter plies between New York and West Africa, will be the next prize subject for the scientists’ camera. For under the care of Dr. Charles V. Noback, in the department of comparative medicine, he is developing indications of intelligence far faster than human children of the same age. On a diet of dried milk, diluted and irradiated with vitamin D to prevent rickets, beaten raw egg,

* of I ;oiund reached it its ’ movements j . . D . stopped abruptly and it was flat - _ kiearea.-tO-ttxe-K.oaa. I ITCi

Buddy, Bronx Zoo chimpanzee, at lunch. fruit, bone meal and cod liver oil, he is able to walk upright, sit at a table and eat as politely as a grown-up, and —when told to do so—show how the ladies whom he saw at the circus looked, To do that, he purses his lips out astonishingly—for the ladies who took his fancy were the Ugandi visitors with the platter mouths. tt tt n ANIMAL make-believe, too, is exposed. To get the pictures of it—of strange deceptions used by fauna the world over to protect themselves took Dr. Ditmars fifteen years. A leaf walked for the camera. It was as long as a man’s hand, flat and an inch and a half brokd. Its vivid green was veined and its edge was evenly notched. When a breeze caught it it swayed rhythmically; when a sound reached it its movements stopped abruptly and it was flat on the ground. Yet overturned, the picture showed, it was an insect imported from Ceylon. A dried, dead sponge walked, too, for*the camera. It moved along ponderously and mysteriously, and only after it had served science thus did the picture disclose that it really was a Central American crab whose scheme of protection was to carry along always a sponge with concave surface to fit tightly over its shell whenever it saw an enemy approaching or heard a forbidding sound. Denied such protection as this by nature, the cuttlefish performed to show it has a means of eluding pursuers quite as oddly effective. It swam along through clear water; then, when frightened, opened a sac of liquid, inklike, sepia, and moved serenely ahead of a dense black cloud. tt it THE most disturbing of the bluffing creatures, though, the pictures tell, are those that needlessly scare the senses out of humans. Snakes are best at it. So as the film was made some of them, that were quite harmless, vibrated their tails as terrifyingly as rattlers do or buzzed monstrously, and some even flattened their bodies and actually lunged forward in a strike, even though there was no more venom in their fangs than in two toothpicks. Star of them all is the hissing adder. “I’ve had more letters about it than about any other reptile in the United States.” The pictures told why. The flat-headed serpent, thick-bodied too stubby to be capable of swift escape, when cornered bulged its anterior part to twice the normal size, began weaving like a boxer and, as the scales of its neck separated to disclose a brighthued skin, hissed as though a man’s life were the least that might happen to appease it.

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THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Peter Romanoff, veteran keeper at Bronx Zoo, and one of his charges.

“But it never tries to bit. It couldn’t do any harm if it tried, and it doesn’t have to. No one stays around long enough to find out.” Because most people do not stay around snakes long the majority of the misconceptions about them have arisen, Ditmars said. Dr. Hornaday bears him out in an epigram: “There are 200,000 rattlesnakes in our country, but all of them will let you alone if you will let them alone. Men do far more fighting per capita than any snakes yet discovered.” tt a tt OTHER misconceptions or moot points of fact the pictures were intended to clear up, some reaching back to the beginning. So they show a blazing star hurling off a molten fragment, the fragment cooling, vapors arising

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and condensing to form seas, and • out of the seas, in the assumed passage of eons, microscopic bits of a chemical combination, the amoeba, evolving; the life forms changing from amoeba to fish, to reptiles, on this, the earth, in its distant youth. Giant dinosaurs and others of the mighty reptilian predecessors of the present marched across the screen, and living creatures were the actors, for all Dr. Ditmars had to do to get the effect of prehistoric monsters in the flesh was to marshal lizards and turtles of Bronx Park against a miniature background. All the educators who saw the film approved it, and some of the churchmen. And that was a reception for which even its maker had hardly dared hope. Now he is hoping to make the pictures with sound —his legacy for the lecture halls and school rooms of the future.

Beaver Pond, in Bronx Zoo, from a drawing in “I he American Natural History,” by W. T. Hornaday, copyrighted by Charles Scribner’s Sons. The dam and the house at the right are typical of the beavers’ work.

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