Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 39, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 June 1932 — Page 4

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SC * I PPJ - M O* AM L

A Roosevelt Trick Roosevelt has been slipping fast. So he and his managers once more have resorted to trickery. The effort now is to change the rules in the middle of the game. And the action promises to be the end of the presidential ambitions of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Certainly it is the end of Roosevelt’s reputation as a liberal and a reformer in politics. For the trick is one that even ward-heelers would scorn. It is a play that “just isn’t done.” As things appear now, the trick has sickened enough of Roosevelt’s own followers to cost him the nomination—and, if not that, his election. There are too many millions of American voters with a feeling for sportsmanship to trust that kind of a leader. That feeling runs deep in the American consciousness, whether the affair be a baseball game, a boxing match, tennis, golf, or politics. The issue is not the two-thirds rule which the Roosevelt, forces are trying to change. Whether the rule is good or bad is beside the point. The question is whether any candidate, for personal gain, has a right to change any rule after play has begun. The rule is a party matter. It is not the affair of any candidate in a contest. Because of that, many of the oldest leaders of the Democratic party fear the trick. It contains within it all the forces that make for a boomerang. Those leaders know that if the trick works within the party, it may split the party and throw the election in November to the'Republicans. This view is not confined to Roosevelt’s critics. It is shared by leaders like Senator Harrison and Senator Glass. The trick was to be expected, considering the source from which it came. It is altogether in keeping with Roosevelt’s shiftiness in handling Tammany corruption. It follows naturally his breach of faith, after agreeing to the choice of Shouse as permanent chairman of the convention. For a hundred years every Democratic presidential candidate has been nominated by a two-thirds vote. The rule is not sacred, but it is the rule until it is changed by common agreement and in advance—and not in the interest of any candidate. The rule was not made to hurt Roosevelt ; it should not be changed to help l*ini. If Roosevelt will not play fair in his own party, he can not be trusted to play fair in the White House. l . Protecting the Dodger In all probability, the special session of the legislature will give immunity to all those who have dodged taxes on intangible property during the last few years. Under the rather strange theory that the way to make citizens honest in regard to hidden property is to bribe them with special privileges, it is seriously urged that those whose wealth is in cash and stocks instead of real estate and machinery and goods should be permitted to list their holdings at one-fourth of their value. That sounds bad enough. But added to it is the suggestion that all those who have evaded taxe-. in the past be given a fresh start and forgiven their crimes. That is the part of the suggestion which interests those who fear that after their death or by some accident, they may be forced to pay what they owe. The truth is that the farmer and the small home owner would not be in difficulty if all the wealth of the state were taxed. In recent years most fortunes consist of intangible property which does not hit the eye of the assessor. The owner of a farm or a home can not escape. His property is in sight. It is there for taxation or confiscation. But the person who hides stocks and bonds in a safety box can, and many of them do, falsify concerning his wealth. Many have dodged. Now it is proposed to let them get away with it by having them pay one-fourth in the future and forget the past. What is needed is not a law to aid tax dodging, but a law to catch tax dodgres. The federal government forces honest returns on incomes by severe penalties and prison sentences. A state law that would provide as severe penalties for false statements as are given in federal courts for similar crimes against the income law would bring, not bribe, the hidden wealth to the tax rolls. And if that wealth were on a parity with real estate, there would be no need of placing a limit of taxation. To bribe one portion of a community to be as honest as the rest is poor morality. The Challenge of the Democrats The Democrats honor Thomas Jefferson and proclaim him to be the father of their party. But their allegiance to him is one of the lips only. The Sage of Monticello would have turned over in his grave if he could have listened recently to the Notre Dame speech of Owen D. Young, with its thinly veiled plea for a dictatorship. Jefferson was the apostle of the "principles of 1776’* —one of the few true sons of the American revolution. His whole life was devoted to perpetuating in American tradition and practice the spirit of the patriot leaders from 1775 to 1783. The foundation of Jeffersonianism was a sincere devotion to freedom. He once declared that he had sworn eternal enmity to any form of tyranny over the mind of man. Jefferson ardently defended revolution and expressed the hope that it would remain a permanent element in American life. He espoused libertarianism in every field of human activity. Jefferson was no believer in human equality. He had faith in republicanism because he thought one could trust the . people to choose able leaders like himself and maintain them in power. The Democratic party under Jackson was a party of equality, of strong nationalistic tendencies, of

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPB-HOWARO NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos„ 214-220 Went Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, X cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail subscription ratea In Indiana.-13 a year ; outside of Indiana, Rft cents a month. BOVD GURLEI', ROT W. HOWARD. KARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—ltlley 5551 BATOBDAT, JXJWt B M3 Member of United Preas, Bcripps-Howard Newapaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

idealism, optimism and reform. It wiped away mo6t of the vestiges of the caste society in America—including property limitations on the right of the male to vote and imprisonment for debt. But Jackson’s deep-seated suspicion of the eastern business and financial groups led him to oppose any intrusion of government into business. He refused to support international improvements or the United States bank. The bitter struggle over slavery transformed the Democratic party. It lost the liberalism of Jefferson and the egalitarianism and optimism of Jackson. It became the party of the plantation owners, who felt that slavery was essential to their prosperity—even to their existence. The Civil war put an end to slavery and strengthened the northern contingent in the Democratic party. The graft and corruption’ of the plutocratic Republicans after 1865 gave the Democrats their cue. They came out for political honesty and administrative integrity. They elected two Presidents on this platform, though Tilden’s victory was snatched away by military and partisan dominion. But there was little real liberalism in the democracy of Tilden and Cleveland. The latter called out the federal troops in the Pullman strike. The iron and other manufacturing interests in the party even blocked Cleveland’s plan for sweeping tariff reductions. A return to a progressivism, outdistancing even that of Jefferson, came when the "boy orator of the Platte” stampeded his party by his "Cross of Gold and Crown of Thorns” speech in 1896. He rallied to his banners the discontented farmers and many laborers. He united social and political progressivism with anti-imperialism. But his two defeats and the striking phenomenon of Roosevelt progressivism In the Republican party turned the Democratic party over to reaction when it nominated Judge Parker in 1904, A more moderate Bryan made another gesture in 1908. Better than any other Democrat, Woodrow Wilson combined Jeffersonian liberalism with adaptation to the changed conditions and ideals of 1912. His New Freedom” was a bold statement of enlightened capitalism. It promised much, and then Wilson gave way to his Anglophile sentiments and sacrificed his liberalism to the exigencies of a foolish and unnecessary war. Since 1916 the Republican-Democrat sham battle has been an affront to civilized and thinking Americans. It has been no more than a political racket to control the trade in spoils and offices. The Republicans now have come out unequivocally as the party which trusts to reaction. Here is the challenge to, and opportunity of, the Democrats. If they espouse the principles of Jefferson, modified to meet conditions in 1932, they not only have a chance to win a glorious victory. They might even save American civilization during the present generation. If they only choose to perpetuate the campaign racket by an evasive platform and a pussyfooting candidate, then the American people will deserve the worst if they tolerate the travesty any longer. The Presidential Outburst The senate Thursday afternoon passed a bill intended to provide some relief for starving American men, women and children and at the same time to aid the recovery of American business and industry. It was a bill that does not, in all respects, meet the views of President Hoover—as well as his wavering views on the subject of relief can be understood. Yet it came so near to doing so that even his supporters in the senate did not feel they dared to vote against it. They recognized that the time had come to end debate on this difficult question; that relief can not be delayed longer. Friday the President unloosed a sweeping statement against the bill as passed. “A pork bill of gigantic proportions,” h e called it, although the only part of the measure that could merit such label is that providing for payment through bond issues of public work projects already authorized by congress and recommended for construction in 1933 in the President’s own budget. That is political work, shouted the President. He had no such word for the vastly greater sums to be loaned by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, composed of men of his own choosing. Will he veto the bill if it is accepted by the house? he was asked. "One does not answer such questions in advance ” he replied. But, in our opinion, it answers itself. No President would dare withhold from a distressed country the assistance it so sorely needs. And, in our further opinion, it is a poor time for the President to even intimate that he might do so.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

' I ''HE fact that this month thousands of young men . y omen will leave college and enter life should not depress, but encourage, us. They are coming into a world that will challenge rnfnL°hv C th°f Co ,'i rage they P oß * s **. It is * world ruined by their elders, a world in which only man has bungled his blessings. Since we now are so shaken from our ancient omplacencies, it may be that these young people ill And some way out of this dreary tangle we have made of world affairs, and that their brave young feet will cut new paths for us to walk upon. t sometimes is said that colleges encourage atheism and fast living. But this is only half the !, t ° ry . , F ° r they also are beginning to encourage hon- * nd thiS 15 thC ° nly thing that can It is significant that a large number of students acce Pt the platitudes that satisfied their fathers. They are pondering human values, for one of the few times in history. a a a A RECENT survey made by an instructor in ,*■ journalism disclosed that every pupil was displeased with our penal system. All were of the opinion that society must prevent rather than punish crime. * v u that war is the splendid thing thought to be. Most of them frankly are disgusted with political chicanery, and bored with hypocritical virtues. They are concerned over the economic mistakes we have made and there is no reason to think they will not try to remedy them. To say that youth is not interested in vital Questions is to prove yourself ignorant of what goes on around you. A great, slow change is taking place these days in mans concept of progress. To the youth with vision, this age offers stupendous opportunities. Not any crusader or knight upon his quest had a task more fine and sacred than his will be—the rescue of Christian civilization.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M: E: Tracy Says:

Roosevelt Staves Before the Country as Willing to Change a Century - Old Practice for ( His Own Benefit, Without Regard for Justice to His Opponents. NEW YORK. June 25.—People have a right to interpret Governor Roosevelt’s attitude toward the two-thirds rule as indicating his conception of political strategy and power. It furnishes a vivid illustration of what he might do under certain conditions and what might move him to do it. He stands before the country as willing to change a century-old practice for his own personal benefit, and without regard to what is just for his opponents. He and his opponents started their race for the Democratic presidential nomination on the assumption that the two-thirds rule would prevail. Having failed to corral a sufficient number of delegates to nominate him under that rule, but controling a majority, as he believes, Governor Roosevelt is ready to win, if he can, by switching rules at the eleventh hour, n Even Glass Rebels • IT won't work. The lack of sportsmanship is too apparent. The New York Governor already has done himself more harm than good. When a war horse like Carter Glass threatens to bolt if such a trick is turned, you can. rest assured that it’s raw. Glass stood by Smith four years ago, in spite of the opposition among his own constituents, in spite of his own views on prohibition, and in spite of some other considerations that might have moved a less thorough Democrat. But Glass says he will not support Roosevelt if the latter gets the nomination by forcing abandonment of the two-thirds rule. , n * Too Late to Change THERE is nothing sacred about the two-thirds rule. It merely represents a practice of long standing, which the Democratic party is at liberty to do away with at any time. Common decency demands that if this were to be done, it should be done before the race starts, not as the contenders are about to cross the finish line. Governor Roosevelt has lost heavily in public estimation during the last few days. If there is one thing the average American dislikes more than another it is welching on the rules of a game after the game has begun. The average American takes such conduct as a sign of weakness. u n Misuse of Power GOVERNOR ROOSEVELT has brewed a tempest in the Democratic convention for no reason on earth, eacept that he thought he could get some advantage of his opponents by misusing the power at his command. As the situation stands, it is very doubtful whether he can hold that power for such purpose. If his folowing should happen to crack under the strain, what then? If he should be able to put the thing over and get the nomination by forcing the convention to'adopt the majority rule, his case would be even worse. Governor Roosevelt’s stalling and horse trading have done, neither him nor the Democratic party any good. They have created a mess wh>fci may lead to unfortunate results. Had he taken his medicine like a man as Governor of New York, and as a candidate for the Democratic persidential nomination, nothing could stop him now. Instead of that, he deliberately has put things off, has created the impression that he is willing to bargain, has revealed a personal hunger for control which amazes his best friends. Whether he can hold his delegates, the people are turning against him. Frank Hague does not exaggerate when he says that Roosevelt is the weakest man the Democrats could nominate.

m TODAY a Sr*' -* isthe- -- vV ■ WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

ITALIANS MARCH ON ON June 25, 1918, the rear guard of Austro-Hungarian forces was forced back and Italian troops completely recovered the west bank of the Piave, regaining the ground lost to the enemy when the big push of the Austrians began on June 15. Allied troops then began a concerted offensive themselves, gaining ground on the mountain front between the Piave and the Brenta, in the Monte Grappa sector. British air forces raided Saarbrucken. Karlsruhe, Offenburg, Mannheim. Thionville and the MetzSablons railroad. An aniline and soda,factory at Mannheim was bombed and other damage in the area amounted to millions of dollars.

Daily Thoughts

And God said unto Balaam, Thou shalt not go with them; thou shalt not curse the people: for they are blessed—Numbers 22:12, Success has a great tendency to conceal and throw a veil over the deeds of men.—Demosthenes. What is a visa on a passport? It is an official endorsement by a consular or diplomatic official of the nation in which it is to be used. The principal purpose of the visa is to permit the holder of the passport to enter and leave the country for which it is obtained. Most European countries now require all tourists to present properly visaed passports. Is Washington, D. C., regarded aa a southern city? The United States census bureau includes It in the south Atlantic group.

BELIEVE IT or NOT

r* mjSg 3 \ 'believe It or Not CONTEST _ If/ Rogers silver cabinet 37 pieces^ jjjHr ® m 2 K ' n e Fca,ur Syndicate, Inc. i,rcl Bniain n*hf, rrwrrnl. D.SHARP no Deaths in TnEiR. FAMiiy j Forß3 years'' ‘ THERE ARE 58 IN THE FAMILY SCHAFER OF MR VMRS. Age2*4_Hl 11 INTO WHOSE MIDST DEATH HAS NEVER ENTERED PLAys H^^ RiroNE^B*s^l^>

Following is the explanation of Ripley’s "Believe It or Not,” which appeared in Friday’s Times: The Champion Optimist For twenty-three years A. E. Rump of 6243 Columbia avenue, St. Louis, has been unable to move any part of his body except his eyes and mouth—yet he makes his own living and keeps two employes to assist him in his business of selling insurance and magazine subscriptions. In 1909 the champion optimist was struck by a bundle of news-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Fish Help to Combat Mosquitoes

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hyreia, the Health Magazine. r T'HE warm weather brings on the A scene the harassing mosquito, particularly around those homes which are beautified by ornamental pools of water, or which happen to lie near marshes or streams. Through American initiative, the dangerous yellow fever mosquito has been stamped out of most of the places in the world. There are still available, however, mosquitoes which sting and produce an itching and irritation of the skn. The methods useful in stamping out mosquitoes in tropical areas will do equally well around summer homes, but some of them are not desirable, because they kill vegetation and make a pool unsuitable for bathing. Covering the surface of the water with kerosene or any similar heavy

IT- SEEMS TO ME

IDO not think that any moral issue is involved in the controversy about the retention or abolition of the two-thirds rule in the Democratic convention. The fact that the practice has prevailed for a hundred years by no means makes it right. Nor am I moved by the cries of those who declare that Franklin D. Roosevelt is something less than a good sportsman in supporting this | last-minute rush to amend the bylaws. It seems to me that the contest for the nomination should not be regarded as something carried on just for love of the game. And yet I hope the rule will not be changed this year. My feeling in the matter is governed wholly by the fact that I don’t want to see Governor Roosevelt get the nomination. People who favor him have every reason to support the shift in the code. Let both sides fight it out to a decision. What could be fairer than that? As far as abstract theory goes, there is not too much to be said for the traditional regulation of the Democrats. On many occasions the rule has served to kill off the party’s strong men. Two or even three of the leading candidates would become locked in a strangle hold and eventualy drown together. And in such instances the heir would turn out to be some innocent bystander whose name hardly had been mentioned before the fighting began. a a a Saved Nation From Clark IN theory, and often in practice, the two-thirds rule meant that the Democratic party must select as its standard bearer the fourth or fifth best among the available recipients. The practice* first intended to stop Martin Van Buren. came in time to be a weapon aimed at men far better and more able. The politician who receives a majority in any political gathering tends to be the man who has walked softly and side-stepped all the controversial issues. The man who can win two-thirds of the delegates is all too often the little brother of all the world who has no articulate opinion on any problem, grave or trivial. But if the- two-thirds rule is to £Q into the oust bis, the delegates,

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

papers thrown from a train, and the accident caused a disease known as ankylosis, or knitting together of all the bones of the body, which paralyzed him completely. But in the face of such obstacles and discouragement, he hung up a small sign “Down, but Not Out”— his motto ever since. This suggestion won a prize of an R. C. A. Victor radio-phono-graph in the recent national “Believe It or Not” contest. The Turacou Bird—The turacou, tree-frequenting bird of Africa, is

oil will prevent the development of the pupae, but this method also will kill the vegetation and make the pool unsatisfactory even for wading. Paris green mixed with lime and dusted on the surface will kill the malaria mosquito, but will not much affect the common mosquito. Moreover, it makes the water dangerous for children. Several kinds of fish will eat the larvae and pupae of the mosquito. The goldfish is handsome, but is not to be relied on for this purpose; particularly not the fantail and other fancy fish. The top water minnow is one of the best types health officers in various parts of the country have found. This type of minnow also multiplies rapidly, and that is another advantage. This type of fish does not eat vegetarian diet and unless it has a plentiful diet of mosquito larvae it has to be fed artificially.

in convention assembled, should pause for one minute of silent prayer in honor of the year when this requirement saved the party from a choice both tragic and a little comic. The Baltimore session of 1912 would have set Champ Clark in the saddle instead of Wilson but for the rule which now is placed under fire. I hold that a rule which has worked well once in a hundred years has done enough to justify its existence. And yet this argument is, feeble enough if you do not hap-’ pen to admire Woodrow Wilson, and some do not. a a a Greater Than Lincoln NEITHER his announced policies nor his achieved results should be accepted entirely without reservations by any American. Looking back on the years of his leadership, I have come to the belief that the man who kept us out of war made a tragic mistake when he took us in. But with the lone exception of Eugene V. Debs, not a single person ever was mentioned for the presidency who could have stood out against the pressure which swept us into the struggle. In other words, the error was not personal, but rathei’ the inevitable decision of that generation and era to which Woodrow Wilson belonged. It is my guess that one hundred years hence Woodrow Wilson will be accepted by Americans as greater than Washington or Lincoln. Os course, it is easy enough to make prophecies of this sort, since I will not be around when the bets are paid off. Still, I would like to will the wager to my heirs. The time must come when it will be plain that Woodrow Wilson was the first American President to see the United States as a member of the family of nations. He spanned the broad Atlantic in a flight which was more thrilling than that of Lindbergh or any of the others. ana Made a Superb Try 1 REALIZE as keenly as the most bitter isolationist that the dream of international co-operation fell away into a feeble and futile association of European nations. I am aware that the treaty which came out of the peace conference is iniquitous and precarious. They did 'bamboozle the old Pres-

unique in the fact that the red color of its wings is dissolved easily either in soft water or in water and soap. It is possible to wash the crimson of its feathers completely white. The pigment which supplies the coloring of its feathers consists partly of oxide of copper, the only instance where traces of copper have been ascertained in the coloring of birds’ feathers. Monday: “The Man with a Biblical Mind.”

It has been suggested by many investigators that small pieces of meat be fastened to pieces of wood which are then allowed to float in the pool. The fish will eat from this for a considerable perod of time. Sunfish also destroy mosquito larvae, but people who seem to be well acquainted with the habits of these fish feel that the sunfish and the goldfish do not get along well together. While it is desirable to be certain that the pool does not act as a breeding place of mosquitoes, it also is well to make certain that gutters on the house, swampy spots around the lawn, puddles near rocks, or the overflow from the pool are not acting as breeding places. An uncontrolled swarm of mosquitoes can luin £he pleasure value of any summer home.

DV HEYWOOD *** BROUN

•byterian, but now that he is dead and gone to dust and glory the realization comes home that he made a superb try. He wasn’t good enough to carry it through and his fellow countrymen tugged at his coat tails instead of holding up his arms when he began to sag. And yet he had the vision. It was imperfect. He looked through the spectacles of prejudice and personal limitation. But he did lift up his eyes to the hills. Few have followed who could raise their glance one inch above the grass around our shoetops. Woodrow Wilson played baseball in his college days and some of his faults of fielding followed him into later life. He was inclined to try to make a throw before the ball had quite come into his hands. Give him an error then, but mark the stab he made. And in these pigmy days I must protest that the rule which worked to give us Woodrow Wilson should not be whittled down to allow a Franklin Roosevelt to crawl under the fence. (Copyright. 1932. bv The Times)

People’s Voice

Edit^^imes—‘There are many independent voters in Indianapolis who often wonder what political party The Times really is representing! Certainly not the Democratic party; neither, I believe, does it represent the sentiments of the independent voters. We remember that, four years ago. The Times advocated the election of Herbert Hoover to the presidency against A1 Smith. Now, in your paper of Friday, June 10, you editorially come out in favor of A1 Smith. By the same token that you were wrong four years ago, you are wrong now—that is, if you expect enough independent votes to swing to Smith to elect him. There were thousands, yea, tens-of-thousands, of independent voters who stayed away from the polls four years ago, because we felt sure that there was no good reason to vote for either Hoover or Smith. If Smith is nominated to oppose Hoover again, it. will be the same old story of four years ago. Smith, with all his blarney, never

fXV' Bartels red P. ■ U X Patent Office RIPLEY

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those ol one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented withost retard to their mrreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

JUNE 25, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Planetesimal Hypothesis Regarded as Most Likely Theory With Reference to Origin of Earth. npHREE theories hold thff center of the stage today as the most! successful attempts to explain the origin of the earth and other planets. All three regard the formation of the various planets as the result of an accident to our sun in which a second star was involved. One theory, known as the planetesimal hypothesis, was suggested by Drs. F. R. Moulton and T. C. Chamberlin in 1900. It still is regarded by many scientists as the most likely theory. Modern astronomical research indicates a probable age of fifteen trillion years for the sun, while geological study suggests an age of 2,000,000,000 years for the earth. This means, therefore, that the sun must have existed for trillions of years without any accompanying planets. Then, a few billion years ago, an accident happened to the sun. The result was the earth and the other planets. This view may not seem complimentary to the earth. But the history of astronomy has been a continuous demotion of the earth from the place it once was supposed to occupy as the center of the entire universe. And It must be remembered that compared to the sun. the amount of matter in the rest of the solar system is exceedingly small. The sun accounts for 99.86 per cent of the mass of the solar system. m m it Tides in the Sun A CCORDING to the planetesimal hypothesis, a very large stac. passed by our sun. At its cloest, the visitor may have been within a few billion miles of the sun. perhaps within the present limits of the solar system. This passing star Is believed to have exercised a considerable gravitational pull upon our sun. Its effect would be to raise two great tides upon the fluid, gaseous surface of the sun. One tide would be in the direction of the passing star. The other would be in the opposite direction. The tides raised in the sun by the passing star were further aggravated by the fact that the interior of the sun has many explosive activities. These activities are apparent today in behavior of the sun-spots and in the solar prominences, great tongues of flaming gases which rise from the surface of the sun. It Is highly probable that formation of the tides increased explosive activities of the sun. It is assumed, therefore, in the planetesimal hypothesis that great amount of matter were erupted from the sun. Some of this fell back into the sun • again. Much of it, however, was given a rotary pull by movements of the passing star and so began to revolve axound the sun. This material is believed to have cooled very quickly and to have condensed into small bits. These are thought to have revolved around the sun like little planets, hence the name of "planetesimal hypothesis’” for the theory. But it is assumed that the larger planetesimal attracted the smaller ones to them. In this way, it is as sumed that the various planets and their satellites took form, the larger nuclei attracting the most material to themselves and becoming the larger planets. n n n Jeffreys and Jeans TJOTH the other two theories which seek to account for the origin of the planets may be con- - sidered as developments of the planetesimal hypothesis. ~ One is the tidal theory, suggested in 1918 by Dr. Harold Jeffreys of England. This theory has been developed largely by Jeffreys and Sir James Jeans. The other, known as the encounter theory, originally was suggested in 1878 by A. W. Bickerton of New Zealand. It was published, however, in a biological journal and apparently escaped the attention of astronomers in Europe and America." This theory was revived in 1926 by A. C. Gifford. In its present form, it utilizes the advances made in both other two theories. The tidal theory contends that a passing star caused a great wave of material to be pulled out of the sun and that the wave was given a ro-~ tary motion around the sun by motion of the passing star. So far, the tidal theory is much like the planetesimal hypothesis. However, it assumes that the wave broke into comparatively large masses of gases, which quickly assumed globular form and then coled to form the planets and their satellites. I Many authorities today think that the tidal hypothesis or some modification of it will fit the facts of geology better than the planetesimal hypothesis. The encounter theory assumes anactual collision between the sun ' and a passing star. On the basis of the law of prob- 1 ability, the encounter theory Is the | most unlikely, for the chances of • a close approach by another star . are thousands of times greater than * the chances of a hit. j will pull the independent vote; and!* he nor any other can win that vote against Hoover Only two of the avowed candl-.-I dates for the presidential nomina-‘“ tion on the Democratic ticket can~ pull the necessary independent votes~.il to beat Hoover. They are D. Roosevelt and John Garner. You flay Roosevelt for what you call his indecision about the cor-£Z ruption in New York City ment, when, as a matter of fact/ there was the same corruption in - the city administration of New York 1, during the time A1 Smith was Gov- ] ernor of New York state that there j has been during the administration - of Franklin Roosevelt. And A1 Smith was then and is one of the leaders of TammanyHall, the influence that has cor*7 rupted New York City and NenC York state affairs for several ades. What Indianapolis needs is a read Democratic newspaper, as there i?L: no hopes that we can get a really'’' independent one! W. H. EDWARDS. 22 715 South Meridian street.