Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 24, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 June 1932 — Page 4

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"""" i c ft I p * J - H OW AM Jj

An Elusive Candidate Within the last few days. Governor Franklin Roosevelt attain has revealed, this time to a nationwide audience, the evasiveness with which New York has become all too familiar. The result has not strengthened his position in the Democratic ranks throughout the country. After Roosevelt and his representatives had offered the permanent chairmanship of the national convention to Jouett Shousc, they now are attempting to run out on their own agreement. Roosevelt, believing now that he has a majority of the delegates with which he can dominate the convention, seeks to substitute Senator Thomas Walsh of Montana as permanent chairman in place of Shousc He already is assured his own choice for temporary chairman and keynoter, Senator Barkley of Kentucky, If the move is the measure of Roosevelt's ability as a strategist in the national political field, those leaders attracted to the Governor chiefly by what they believe to be his vote-getting ability have some grounds lor worry. t The Democratic party's two strongest cards in the coming election are prohibition reform and tariff revision. Senator Walrh is an able statesman and party leader. But—altogether apart from the bad faith involved in the attempt to sidetrack Chairman Shouse— Walsh ha. no place in the permanent chairmanship this year. His views are not in harmony with thp party majority on either of the two major campaign issues. Senator Walsh is dry and his party majority is obviously wet. Walsh just has voted to put higher tariffs in the revenue bill despite the fact that national reaction against the Republican Hawley-Smoot tariff offers the Democrats one of their greatest opportunities. Question of the depth of Governor Roosevelt's interest in complete and early prohibition repeal and in real tariff reform was raised when hie fondness for Senator Barkley as the convention keynoter became known. Barkley, a bone dry, voted in favor of tariffs in the new tax law, both in committee and in the senate. despite warnings that such action on the part of the keynoter seriously would jeopardize Democraiic chances in the national election. Notwithstanding the handicap of Senator Barkley’s record, Rocsevclt has, by his fight on Shousc, made it quite clear that he is willing further to handicap the party chances by insisting on a dry. high-tariff permanent chairman, as well as a keynoter of the same stripe. And at the price of a broken agreement at that. If the Democratic party crawls on the two issues of prohibition and tariff, it will crawl into its own grave. The price of Democratic victory is courage and ranriot, both in platform and candidate. It L only recently that there has been any nationwide appreciation of the apparent dearth of these two characteristics in Governor Roosevelt's political makeup. Tire revelation has been the work of no one but the Governor himself. Other states have marveled at New York's recent coldness to the JElcosevolt candidacy. The Governor's evasiveness has not been so apparent from afar as at home. Neither have been his straddling efforts to be all things to all men in the Tammany corruption revelations. It has taken the attempt to wiggle out of the fthouse deal, to which the Governor and his supporters were committed, to cause Democrats throughout the country better to understand the lack of enthusiasm in his home state for the Roosevelt candidacy today, compared to the wild enthusiasm for the Smith candidacy of four years ago. On top of this, Roosevelt's attempt to hide behind a mythical “spokesman” while he launched a peevish attack on Judge Seabury has not increased his political stature. This smoke-screen attack is one of the worst of the White House practices resorted to by Hoover. Governor Roosevelt having invoked it even before his nomination, the question quite naturally arises as to how far he would go with the same objectionable methods if elected. Nor is this the only unfortunate Hooverism of which Roosevelt seems to be a victim. The Governor has. during the last few days, revealed a thinness of skin, a petulancy. and a tendency to personal resentment toward all w’ho disagree with him that is strangely -familiar to present-day Washington newspaper men. Despite all this, on paper at least. Roosevelt today Is the leading candidate for the Democratic nomination One consideration only will determine whether he is chosen. Issues and principles will form this time forward fade rapidly into the background. The one question asked will be. "Can he win in November?” The Governors recent record in the Tammany corruption situation and in the Shouse renege; his resort to a position in hiding behind a "spokesman.’’ and his growing intolerance of all opinions but his own. have not tended to strengthen a support which his opponents contend is showing definite signs of cracking at a number of points. Whether Roosevelt actually can carry New’ York state for Democracy this year, in the light of his recent record, is an open question. But even the certainty that he could do so would not be enough. More and more it becomes obvious that the hope of the country is a Democratic convention that will test fully in the the heat of a real contest the qualifications of the man it finally selects as its standard bearer for 1932. The nomination must go to no man by default! Even Rockefeller With the Rockefeller Foundation gone from under it. there is not much left of the Anti-Saloon League. It was not only the money the Rockefellers gave. It also was the influence of the Rockefeller name. That was the biggest name on the prohibition roster: now it is off. Not long ago Ohio, the mother of the Anti-Saloon League, voted wet. The same day Rockefeller made his statement for repeal the dry stronghold. North Carolina, had Its first election test of prohibition in more than twenty years. The dry Senator Morrison lost in the Democratic primary to Robert R. Reynolds, a w - ct. Florida, another old prohibition citadel. Tuesday held a primary In which eleven of the thirteen congressional candidates favored repeal or referendum. The wet victories all over the country are possible only because drys themselves ha\e learned the folly of prohibition by law, and now arc voting to get rid of it. The thing that moves these prohibitionists to change their minds is illustrated in the Rockefeller* statement: / “That drinking generally has increased; that the * l

The Indianapolis Times <A ICRIPPS-HOWARIt XT VT9 PAPES) Own'd and published dally texcent Sunday) by The Irdlenapnli* Time* ruhlinhfnr Cos.. 211 22< Went Maryland Ntrwr, Indianapolis, lod. Price In Marion l ountr. 2 rentt a copy: elsewhere. .1 rent*— debarred by carrier. 12 rnt* a week. Mail iuharnptin ratca In Indiana. $3 a year; out*ld of Indian*. As eon** * month. BOTH GI.'BLEI. ROt W HOWARD. KART, D. BAKER Editor President Business Minister PHONB—RI ley_MSi WEDWBDAT. JOIWC ■ lt Member of t tilted Preaa. Rcrlppa-Hnward Newspaper Alltan'-*. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Serrlce and Audit Bureau of ClrenUtlons. “Give Lijfht and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

speakeasy has replaced the sa!oon, not only unit for unit, but probably twofold, If not threefold: that a vast army of law breakers has been recruited and financed on a colossal scale; that many of our best citizens, piqued at what they regard as an infringement of their private rights, openly and unabashed have disregarded the eighteenth amendment; that as an inevitable result respect for all law has been lessened greatly; that crime has Increased to an unprecedented degree—l slowly and reluctantly have come to believe.'’ So have millions of others. Liberal Law The supreme court has granted to seven Negro youths a review of the gallows sentences imposed on them by a Scottsboro (Ala.i jury’ for alleged assault on two white women. In this case the test of the Anglo-Saxon ideal of justice—a fair trial—was posed squarely, and the court, whatever, it may decide next fall, only can be praised for deciding to consider in full the implications of Alabama's alleged outburst of racial hatred. The appeal charges the defendants were held ineommunicado, denied the privilege of counsel before trial, indicted while a ‘ mob" was in the courtroom, rushed to trial, convicted on evidence since discredited and denied a change of venue from the highly inflamed community. A band outside the courthouse, according to the appellants, played ‘There'll Bea Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,” to celebrate the verdict of death. In two other cases involving federal law officers' action instead of state officials, the court Tuesday struck at the extension of lawlessness in the law\ In one, the court voided the hurried action of federal prosecutors in taking from state to federal court the prosecution of a federal prohibition agent for slaying a youth in a brawl. In the other, it granted a review’ of the extraordinary use of the Mann act to impose a long prison sentence upon a Chicago gangster, not because of his lawless activities, but because he and a woman with whom he had been living for three years, went to Florida on a train. The case appears to stretch federal police power and the conspiracy clause, under which both were convicted, a long way beyond the limits of common sense. An Important Decision The District of Columbia appellate court decision upheld the right of the federal power commission to determine the actual legitimate cost of power projects for which it issues licenses. This cost will be the recapture price at the end of fifty years, if the public desires to take over privately ow’ned power projects. In the case at issue, that involving the Clarion River Power Company and its Piney project in Pennsylvania. the company says the project cost $11,032,000. The power commission's chief accountant says the actual legitimate cost was only 54.655.000. The rest, he says, was padding, fees passed from one dummy company to another, for the purpose of enlarging the total, lobby fees, and the price of several dozen $5 neckties. When the power commission tried to hold a hearing on this subject, the power company sought an injunction. The commissions authority to guard the public interest has been established, but the battle is only half won. Unless the commission upholds its accountant. and throws from the company accounts all padding, all water, and other elements which do not belong there, little has been gained. It has been rumored in Washington that the commission is ready to find with the power company 1 in several similar cases. No more important matter is pending in the relationship between government and business. Every step of it should be of keenest interest to taxpayer* and citizens. Hoarders Here's a story that is going the rounds: An extensive property owner arrived at the county treasurer's office carrying a mysterious looking object, wrapped in an old newspaper. Shoving the parcel across the counter, he said to a clerk: “I want to pay my taxes out of this. You will find $4,000 here.’’ The clerk undid the package, revealing a crock filled with bills. In the presence of his caller, he counted the money. “Something wrong,” he said, “there's only $2,000 , here.” “Oh. doggone it,” said his caller, “I must have dug up the wrong crock.” The story sets us to thinking. Do the bankers, we wonder, have crocks, too?

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

NOTHING annoys me more than the manner in which literature is taught in the average school. The poor kids invariably are started off on a strong diet of Walter Scott and Shakespeare. The educators have built up some kind of rule that frowns upon a nibble at modern books until all the ancients have been tasted. So. instead of doing the sensible thing and working back gradually to the collo6si of the pen. we see the kids trying to swallow the heaviest bits first and that ends in mental indigestion and leaves them with an active dislike for the Bard of Avon and others. "The Merchant of Venice" and ‘Tvanhoe." great classics, arc closed forever to thousands of men and women because they carry with them such vivid recollectioas of unhappy hours spent in searching these gems for literary technicalities. And imagine the sacrilege of forcing anybody to "scan" poetry! All the fire, all the life and wonder of it depart when that is done. And I am almost sure that no good “scanner" ever developed into a good poet, or even into a reader of poetry. a a a THEN, too, it seems particularly stupid that we should lead the pupil to suppose that nothing of merit is being produced nowadays, and that men wrote themselves out centuries ago. As if truth and beauty ever could be exhausted. To read intelligently one must have some knowledge of the background that produced the literature. Therefore, what mere reasonable than that the child can be taught most easily through his own civilization? He knows best the modern scene. He is certain to be bewildered completely by a sudden plunge into Shakespeare or Scott, unless he is familiar with Elizabethan and Highland history. And he assuredly wiU appreciate Milton more if he first has learned to love Millay. I think literary appreciation would be improved greatly if we started the children off on the modern and worked backward, century by ntury, to the immortals. But, then, I'm no educator!

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

Prohibition Ha a Brought This Country Closrr to Moral Chaos Than Anything Since Slavery . NEW’ YORK. June B—Though of grpat importance, because of the place he occupies in American finance and philanthropy, the conversion of John D. Rockefeller Jr. to repeal is typical. Millions of people with a similar background regf.rding liquor have come to a similar conclusion regarding prohibition. That, and that alone, explains the profound change in public sentiment. This country is not moved by a desire to get drunk. If it were, the eighteenth amendment would furnish little cause for complaint. Whether the consumption of liquor . has increased, or diminished, during the last few years, an adequate supply is, and always has JDeen, available. Nation-wide prohibition has had | small effect on this phase of the problem, except to raise the price and lower the quality. Men and women leading the fight against this most unfortunate of modern experiments are alarmed by something worse than drunkenness and inspired by something better than appetite. b b b Honesty Not in It IF all those who voted for nationwide prohibition had been honest with themselves, we might have made this country dry, but if they had been honest with themselves, they never would have voted for it. Like too many other reforms, prohibition was forced through to save somebody else. From the very start, it was a piece of unadulterated hypocrisy. Not that all those who advocated it were inaincerc. or anywhere near all, but that, enough were to make it a collective sham, a social pretense, a political forgery. Prohibition has brought this country closer to moral chaos than anything since slavery. It has led to unprecedented corruption in about every branch of goverment, has made the law' an object of ridicule and contempt, and. worse than all else, practically has destroyed those I efforts and activities which were do- I ing so much for the cause of temperance twenty years ago. nan Tyrannical and Absurd PROHIBITION was born of the absurd idea that nothing is impossible through law, that the power of a sovereign government j to regulate the lives and habits of j those who dwell under it is limit- i less, and that little is needed to make people over in any respect, except an act entitled an act. It is a paradox that this country, which was brought into being by resentment against tyranny, should have so far forgotten its traditions as to try one of the most trifling ! and intimate tyrannies ever con- j ccivcd. What would our forefathers, who got so excited over a tax on tea. j have thought of dry agents snoop- I ing around their kitchens? You j just can’t square the eighteenth j amendment with the ideals to which i this republic originally was dedi- j cated. Neither can you square it with the innumerable warnings that were j handed down tp us against the danger of too * much centralized authority on the one hand, and too much interference with personal! liberty on the other. ana Out of Tune THE eighteenth amendment and j Volstead act represent an absolute departure from the standards and principles on which this government was founded. That is the chief reason why they have failed. Wise as they may have appeared to those whose conceptions of right and wrong hinged on a glass ol liquor, they were completely out of j tune with the larger ideals of social and political justice to which wc had been trained. A revulsion of feeling should have ben self-evident —a revulsion which would balk at nothing less than nullification, regardless of cost, or consequences.

m TODAY 8$ S'l* IS THE- Vs f WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

BATTLE OF THE OISE June 8 ON June 8. 1918. shortly before midnight, the Germans, concentrating on a drive to the Marne, met a strong Allied force on the banks of the Oise and were repulsed after a terrific battle. More than 400.000 men were massed on a twenty-mile front, from Montdidier to Noyon. North of this sector the Germans held the attention of British troops by a constant pounding of gunfire. This battle, which was to wage back and forth for days, brought to light the fact that Germany was mobilizing 16-year-old boys, old men and convicts in a last desperate effort to strengthen her weary troops. The first assault was made on French lines near Hautebraye. between the Aisne and the Oise, but the French successfully withstood the assault and even staged a counter attack.

Daily Thought

Neither Is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him whom we have to do.—Hebrews 4:11 An excuse is worse and more terrible than a lie: for an excuse is a lie guarded.—Pope. What is the purpose of the proposed "lame duck" amendment to the Constitution? It provides that congress shall meet early in January, immediately following the November congressional elections, so that the congressmen who were defeated, and who are called "lame ducks" will not be able to participate in legislation after their defeat, as is now ? the case. It also changes the date for the inauguration of the resident from March to January.

‘Difficult’ Children May Be Normal

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hvreia, the Health Maaailne. PRACTICALLY all children have their periods of excitability and disturbance. A child whose management and training never present any difficulties is not a normal child. The term “difficult child" is applied. therefore, to one who constantly disobeys, lies, fights, steals, or w’ets the bed. A normal child may be disobedient occasionally, may have fits of temper, or pick up something it admires. but it does not do this constantly and is likely to stop when corrected. Associated with mental disturbances there occasionally arc such physical conditions as sleeplessness, constant refusal of food, indigestion and anemia. Dr. A. Dingwall Fordvce of the children's hospital in Liverpool, has found that correction of the physical disturbances in many instances promptly is followed by improvement In the mental difficulties. Many mentally defective children are difficult children, but there arc

IT SEEMS TO ME

I HAVE not read the papers,” said Mayor Walker of New York to the reporters of Detroit “It's a habit of mine. I do not even read them at home. It seems to me that Paul Block has a right to complain that the cost of gaining anew subscriber is becoming excessive in these days. And yet this brief confession of Jimmy Walker serves as a complete answer to many of the charges brought against him. The captious have said the mayor’s concern for the unemployed and the impoverished has been less than passionate and continuous, but now Jimmy's answer to all that is perfectly simple. He never heard about them. Soon after arising on a typical day he sees Dudley Field Malone. Mr. Malone seems cheerful and is certainly not undernourished. There is no depression there. On a private car bound for California, in the Central park casino for dinner, at a Broadway first night, no signs of privation obtrude themselves upon the attention of His Honor. Paul's in his heaven—all's right with the world. B B B And Even Ancient Jewels OF course, a very keen and professional eye might detect the fact that some of the ladies in the audience are struggling along with nothing better than little old last year's sables, but they are so brave and reticent about their tribulations that Jimmy Walker may be forgiven if he never guessed. Still, even a man who never reads the paper must have noticed at times a worried look on the faces of the citizenry as he drove by. And without question Jimmy did. but right here is where he made his little mistake on account of his unfamiliarity with current affairs.

Your Child's Diet Training the child in correct habits of eating; seeing that It gets the proper proportions of various kinds of foods: and guarding against malnutrition, which may effect all the child's future life, is an important problem for mothers. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a bulletin on FOOD FOR THE CHILD, that tells how to form proper habits of eating, and explains diets that prevent malnutrition. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept.. 175. Washington Bureau, THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES. 1322 New York Avenue. Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin FOOD FOR CHILDREN and enclose herewith five cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled, U. S. postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME ST. Sz NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times (Code No.)

Still Sitting Pretty!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

aLso many who are mentally normal. In such cases the difficulty may not rest with the child, but on the shoulders of his parents or guardians. When the fault is solely with the child it is possible by restoring normal health and by proper consultation with the parents to bring about improvement. Unfortunately the parents arc not always normal. A neurotic or psychopathic parent resents criticism, discredits explanation, and will be found traveling with her child from doctor to doctor because no doctor satisfies the parent. As long as the parent remains what she is. or occasionally what he is. it is impassible to bring about improvement in the child. Every one now realizes that children imitate their elders. A difficult child frequently is the product of parents with neurotic dispositions. A spoiled child may represent irresponsible indulgence on the part of one of its parents. In other instances, excessive firmness by parents or teachers has been responsible f&r mental disturbances in the child.

When his honor chanced to see a scowl or frown on any countenance he assumed, of course, that the poor fellow was suffering from the same ailment as himself. I refer to Walker's complaint. "Isn’t that too bad?” Jimmy would say. "I'm pretty sure that raggedy man on the last corner was trying to figure out how to live on $25,000 a year. I certainly know what he's up against. On a salary like that, it's tough to keep body and soul together. ’ And sometimes he was minded to tell the chauffeur to stop while he gave the unfortunate a letter to Paul Block. But, after all, there are only twenty-four hours in a day. aid the mayor of New York has so many cars to fill. And so he would drive on about his business of boyfriending the great and good and kind, and when he lay down at night he would sing himself to well-earned slumber with a little ditty which ran: "Poppa Caul is a his melon maker. And Brother auscultates for ttn: Slsto picks up an odd shillinc. Mr God. how the money rolls in:" a a a A Modern Rip Van Winkle BUT I think the time has come when somebody ought to tell Jimmy. I mean for his own good. Never mind about the rest of us. No man should be allowed to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel under the assumption that he merely is taking a nickel ride on a rollercoaster. Seemingly Jimmy has had to glean his information about affairs of the world and the nation from his chance contacts with- distinguished guests *ho are brought to, eitv hall. To him life has been just a bowl of channel swimmers and Arctic explorers. Ln't it strange to have a chief executive who knows more about the

| Children crave and require sym- ! patny, but not excessive sentimentality.. “A doubting, undecided, fearful ' mother." says Dr. Fordyce. "gives her baby indigestion, whether it be i breast or bottle fed.” All too often, in the desire of the uninformed parent to give the child everything that is believed to be necessary, the infant Is absolutely stuffed with every type of patent food, vitamin preparation, or extraordinary substance that happens to be advertised in any manner. I Difficult children are not necessarily feeble-minded. Idiots and imbeciles are mentally defective. Quite frequently a-child who is severely anemic or suffering from malnutrition may seem to be mentally defective, whereas it merely is physically incompetent. It is important for parents to know certainly the physical condition of the child and only on the basis of such information to attempt to control its mental qualiI ties.

ov lIEYWOOD BROUN

south pole and the north pole than about the vice squad? b b a People in Poverty Row I HAVE been told that Jimmy laughed a little perfunctory at the first night of "Face the Music.” He was puzzled by the tin box jokes and is said to have asked a friend, “But why didn't they have private safes?” If it were possible for Mr. Walker to go on in his ivory tower shielded from the facts of life. I would be the lest to suggest that any one should bring him those realities which blister and which burn. But the age of banquets is drawing to a close. Anew day dawns and presents problems not to be solved by any after-dinner speech, no matter how graceful. Somebody must tell Jimmy. Passiblv little Billy Block might be a good one to start, so that the necessary knowledge will not come as too great a shock. I am prepared to accept the fact that it must be done by word of mouth. Jam n s J. Walker is a creature of habit, and I feel that it might be impossible to induce him to read even the big type. So why not a town crier? And why not Dudley Field Malone? Let Malone come in with the orange juice next morning and proclaim in his pianissimo: "Ft. Sumter has fallen: the czar of Russia is dead: Babe Ruth knocked his ( fourteenth home run. and a man named Seabury wants to see you.” tCoovrißht. 1932. bv The Time*)

I | People’s Voice

Editor Times—ln your issue of May 4. 1932. under the caption "Vaccination Proves Success." it Is said: "Nowadays the child also should be given the benefit of immunization against diphtheria with toxin-antitoxin or with toxoid. Here also millions of children have had the prevention without harm, and the scientific records show definitely that the death rates and the amount of illness from diphtheria are decreasing steadily.” I regret to say that you have been misinformed. For example, in the Journal of the American Medical Association. April 2. 1927. Page 1068, Drs. W. E Gatewood and C. W. Baldridge say that: “A multiplicity of untoward sequelae have been observed in patients treated with immune serum.” The Journal of the American Medical Association, Dec. 6, 1919. reports forty severe reactions and five deaths, in Dallas. Tex. from toxin-antitoxin. Damages ranging from SIOO to SI,OOO were awarded in each case. The Journal of the American Medical Association, March 9. 1929, Page 841, says that: "Toxin-antitoxin is not a 'harmless perparatlon' and should not be given to school children in a haphazard way.” In the Journal of the American

Ideal* and opinion* e*prr*ed in thl* column are tho*e of one of America’* moil Inter* eatinr writer* and are presented withoat retard to their arreement or disatreement with the editorial attitude of thi* paper.—The F.ditor.

-JUNE 8, 1032 :

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

n hvts Adapt Themselves to Their Environment , Testa by Scientists Show. ONE of the most fascinating subjects of study is that of the delicate balance which exists between living things and their en- | vironment. One need only compare the dense underbrush of a tropical forest with the sparse vegetation of a srmiarid region to realize how important such factors as sunlight, j temperature, rainfall, and so on, are. The cactus, adapted to a dry region of much sun and little rain- , fall, is quite different from the plants that flourish in the humid tropics. Science has. of course, been aware I of these facts for more than a century. It is only recently, however, i that detailed studies have been undertaken to learn the delicate mechanisms involved in th” relation ; of plants to their physical environment. Modern day science is interested in knowing the exact physical and chemical reactions which go on within different plants. Among interesting experiments now in progress are some under- ; taken by the Smithsonian institu- : tion in an attempt, to clear up the mechanics of some queer behavior among plants. a m b Compass Plant ONE of the plants being studied by t he' Bmit hsoniai jis the compass plant, a bristly perennial of the aster family, whirh crows in abundance over the j prairies. This plant is a living compass. ; turning the edge* of its leaves in ; a general north-south direction. Another plant which behaves in • just the same way is the American i wild lettuce. The behavior of these plants, according to the Smithsonian scientists. is an adaptation to the sunlight. Because of the way the : leaves turn, they are in a position in the morning and evening hours, when the sunlight is weakest, to obtain the full benefit of the sun's I rays. And at noon, when the sun is hottest and furnishes more light than the plants require, they have | only the edges of their leaves turned i toward the sun. | Other plants also adapt them- ; selves to the sun in ways to meet i their own particular requirements. Thus, for example, the English ivy arranges its leaves m a mosaic pattern, so that the greatest possible area is exposed to the sunI light. The plant's use of sunlight is bound up with its fundamental j growing process, photosynthesis. The plant absorbs carbon dioxide S from the air and water from the j soil. These, with the aid of sunlight and a green pigment known as chlorophyll. it puts together mio carbohydrates, flat is, sugars and starches. According to Dr. Earl S. Johns- ' ton. plant physiologist of the Smithsonian institution, the strength of light needed for the process of photosynthesis varies with different plants and the conditions in which they happen to find themselves. Ban Curious Moss SOME plants carry on photosynthesis best under intense light, Dr. Johnston says. This is true of the plants which have adapted themselves to the deserts of Arizona and New Mexico. Other plants thrive best in the , subdued light of tropic forests. Dr. Johnston calls attention to one curious little moss which grows in caves where there is almost no light. This moss is equipped with a plate of cells which form a battery’ of | lenses, a veritable living “burning glass" for focusing the little light present in the cave upon the cells which particularly are concerned with the task of photosynthesis. Special apparatus has been set up at the Smithsonian institution to determine the rate at which plants absorb carbon dioxide under various conditions. The experiments show that not only is the intensity of light important, but that the wave lengths or color of light present is also highly Important. In certain experiments, tomato plants were grown under a high intensity of electric incandescent light, but the leaves of the plants turned pale and almost white. This was because the light used had its greatest energy in the infrared portion of the spectrum whereas sunlight has its greatest strength in the blue-green region. The chlorphyll. or green pigment in the leaves, disappeared almost entirely when the plants were grown under electric light only. Medical Association, Nov. 23, 1929 page 1652, It Is said: The injection of horse serum into a sensitized person alw’ays involves a menace of some moment." It constantly is claimed that children are rendered immune from diphtheria by toxin-antitoxin. Medical literature shows to the contrary. Schwartz and Janney say in the American Journal of Diseases of Children. March. 1930, that toxin-antitoxin “has two distinct disadvantages. The first is its variable protective value—-about 50 per cent of the patients remaining insufficiently immunized after three doses of toxin-antitoxin; the second is the danger of serum sensitization following its use.” And it is added that the fear of sensitization is “commonly prevalent.” Asa matter of fact, diphtheria, like other zymotic diseases, comes tn cycles. We recently have reached the low’ level in some states, and now the rise Is coming. Owing to the danger of toxin-anti-toxin. there is a tendency now for its abandonment for toxoid. In the United States public health reports of Dec. 18. 1931. it is said: “It is of the utmost importance to realize that the administration of a foreign serum by any hypodermic metfiod is not entirely free from danger.” SUE M. FARRELL. Where is Correction island? It is situated almost In the middle of the entrance to Manila bay, about thirty miles from Manila. Who is the governor of the territory of Hawaii? Lawrence M. Judd.