Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 14, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 May 1932 — Page 6

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Where Did It Go? Sometime, possibly, the prohibition cheka of secret police will either punish those who took the confiscated whisky which disappeared from the federal building or give some explanation as to why they do not take action. • There is some very definite information as to what happened to a carload of expensive liquor taken by the prohibition agents more than a year ago. The whisky was seized by the prohibition agents. It was taken to the Federal building. It was locked in a room. A large share of that whisky disappeared. There has been no such enthusiasm to prove a conspiracy for violation of the law by those who took this liquor from the custody of the government. There is no pretense that it was destroyed. Asa matter of fact it would not be at all difficult for these agents, if they wished, to get evidence on the subject. They might get it from an entirely different kind of citizen than those who testified against mayors of cities ■who had affronted the powers that be and prevented grafting forces to plunder. If the department of justice has any respect for its reputation it would hesitate to prosecute another bootlegger until it sends to the penitentiary all those who had a hand in the raiding of the Federal building. If prohibition, under the present interpretation, means the taking of whisky from bootleggers for use of government employes, the sooner the people discover the fact the quicker they will take the remedy into their own hands. Just where did this whisky go? Not some of it. But all of it. History, Logic Support Butler Nicholas Murray Butler's suggestion that the Republican and Democratic parties merge and that a genuinely liberal party should line up against them Is sound. It thoroughly accords with fundamental social logic and the teachings of American history. There are today no vital Issues dividing the Republican and Democratic parties. Both have been captured by business and finance. The only issue Involved Is the seizure of the spoils of office. It is for this reason that our campaigns have been degraded Into vagaries, evasions, and personalities. Instead of educating the people as to real issues, the politicians must endeavor to blind the people to the fact that there are no vital Issues to present. Having no clear and conflicting programs, the party struggles between elections degenerate into confusing and disastrous burlesque. American history shows us that, down to the present Republican-Democratic horse play, major parties always faded out after they had served their purpose, constituency, and age. There can be no vigorous and coherent party struggles or platforms unless they are based upon clear and decisive divisions of interest and issues. Back at the close of the eighteenth century, the Federalists did a good piece of work for union and stability. They integrated the collection of jealous and headstrong states into a federal republic, restored national credit, and established a working administration of government. They were made up mainly of the mercantile and lawyer classes of the north and east. But they were not adapted to liberal government. They had no faith in the people as a whole. They believed in a government of the rich and well-born. Having rendered their service to union, they passed out In the second decade of the nineteenth century. They were superseded by the Whigs, a party which was both nationalistic and popular. There was a real basis for party struggle between the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans, who were drawn from the farmers and the laborers. Commercial autocracy was lined up against agrarian and proletarian liberalism. The same was true a generation later, when the Whigs opposed the Jacksonian Democrats. The new Democratic party was compounded of frontiersmen and eastern laborers. They could flght the more plutocratic Whigs on internal improvements, the Second United States bank and other Issues of the day. Broadly speaking, it was a lineup of the richer against the poorer elements in the country. But slavery soon made the opposition of Whigs and Democrats Illogical and relatively meaningless. The southern Whigs supported slavery and the Democrats became the bulwark of the slavocracy. It was necessary to have a sharp party differentiation over slavery. The Whigs broke and the various anti-slavery elements united with other discontented groups in the new and radical Republican party. Once more a liberal party was compounded out of fanner and laboring groups, with some of the lower middle class. Lincoln stood for the frontier idealism and Qreeley organized the workers of she east. This time party struggles led to Civil war. During this great conflict, the once radical Republican party was captured by big business and has been its servant ever since, save for the abortive and accidental Roosevelt episode. The Democratic party came out of the Civil war lined up for liberalism an<f reform. Under Tilden and Cleveland, it stood for political reform and the curbing of corruption. Bryan made it a party of radical social and economic reform. When Bryan stepped down, the party went over to big business. Wilson really represented the last gift of Bryanism to the country. Both old parties now are equally servants of Industrial. financial, and commercial interests. The workers, farmers, and intellectuals have no party they turn to Socialism. But the name scares them off this track. It is certainly permissible for business to have one major party in the hollow of Its hand. It Is hardly fair for it to hog the whole show and continue to dominate both. American history proves the desirability of vital distinctions between the ;wrtles. The DemocraticRepublican sham battles since 1904 raoraent the longest period In our history during which party

The Indianapolis Times U scmrrps-HOWAKD newspaper) Owned end pabllabd dally -except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Pnblishin* Cos, 214-320 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, ind. Price la Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cente a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. 33 a year; ontsida of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOTD OURLEY. BOY W. HOWARD, EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manaxer PHONE—Riley 5881 PRIDAT. MAT 27, YUI. Member of United Press. Bctipps-Howsrd Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newapaper Information Berries and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

struggles have meant nothing fundamental in the clash of social interests. Dr. Butler's plea is timely. A liberal union of farmers, workers, and Intellectuals is logical and almost mandatory. Let Dr. Butler, Mr. Borah and others follow the precedent of Jefferson, Bancroft, and Greeley In organizing such an amalgamation. No Economy Here Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson should not let the imperialists bluff him into sending more marines to Nicaragua. They are trying to. There are many reasons why the United states should withdraw all its troops from that country. There is not one legitimate argument for sending more men. Other La tin-American nations are using our Nicaraguan adventure as proof of our imperialism. They say we always promise to withdraw, hut never do. From year to year we go on inventing new excuses to keep our troops there. Now the excuse is the November election. Apparently the state department is not to blame this time. It wants to get out. It has discovered belatedly that Intervention in Nicaragua costs far more than It is worth. Foreign troops can not pacify that country, but rather perpetuate civil strife, as the continuance of the Sandino revolt demonstrates. The idea of protecting the insignificant American investments is absurd; those investments never have been jeopardized seriously, and, anyway, the American military occupation has cost many times more than the value of the investments. Os course, the cost in loss of Latin-American friendship and respect is incalculable. All these reasons for getting out of Nicaragua, and staying out, have obtained for several years. But there are two new reasons for getting out now. One is that we are making such a mess of running our own country at the moment, that we ought to have enough sense of humor—if not of decency—to stop trying to run another country. Then there is the matter of federal economy, about which the administration talks a great deal, but which It is unwilling to apply adequately to the army and navy. To spend more millions for American imperialism in Nicaragua at this time means firing federal employes for economy; it means taking money from vital scientific and humanitarian activities of the government, which are being curtailed by economy; it means putting a greater burden on the American taxpayer than the heavy tax now in preparation to meet the deficit. Throwing away more money on a Nicaraguan spree, while millions of Americans go jobless and hungry, is a stupid and cruel policy. Overlapping Taxes If congress turns from the subject of taxation when it finally has passed the 1932 revenue bill, it will be doing far less than its duty on this all-im-portant subject. Sometime very soon the federal government must undertake a study of overlapping taxes by the several units of government. The sooner it does this, the better for the taxpayer, and the best possible time to act is now, before adjournment. Representative Frederick M. Davenport of New York has a resolution pending before the house ways and means committee, calling for appointment by the President of a commission to study this troublesome subject, and outline sound tax systems for guidance of congress and state legislatures. Davenport points out that state and federal governments now compete for revenues, with resulting grief for the man who has to pay. The federal government experimented with income taxes, and twen-ty-two states at once followed suit. The two compete in respect to luxury taxes and other forms of sales tax. Farther down the line there is duplication of land taxes, so oppressive that even in good years approximately a third of the fanner’s income goes for taxation. The problem is complex in the extreme. Before it really can be solved, communities will have to study the proposal that they eliminate obsolete local units of government, such as townships, school districts, and perhaps counties, for larger units that can perform the same duties more efficiently, for less money. But while some states have progressed along these lines, many more yet have to make a start. Meanwhile, it is time for the federal government to bring the problem home to all concerned, make clear to the country the various parts that make such a burdensome whole, and start work on plans for lessening the burden. That Indiana woman who’s suing her husband for a divorce because he’s always cross when the Chicago Cul* lose doesn’t know how lucky she is. Suppose he were a Boston Red Sox fan!

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

I HAVE no patience with those who create new names for the depression, with the idea that this will take us back to our bubble blowing of 1928. We have a depression. It is a large formidable one. But we probably shall not die of it. Nevertheless, we will not get rid of it either by calling it polite names and thinking it a freak of circumstances that will remove itself voluntarily. And whether we improve or deteriorate under the rigors of this experience will mark us a great and wise or a weak and childish people. He who does not learn from tribulation never can be taught. There is a lesson for us in the predicament. If we fail to recognize it, we are hopelessly moronic. It is this: Americans are not perfect. Our system of government is not perfect and must be improved. Ouq religion is not perfect and must be revitalized. mam YY THAT a blessing it would be if we could under - W stand that fact! The way we used to shout about how wonderful we were, how noble, how altruistic, how undaunted, was evidence enough that we suffered from an adolescent mind. No intelligent adult forever is showing off and asserting that he is the greatest guy ever born. No country that does so can hope to gain the admiration or friendship of the world and should expect to have to prove its statement some time. Our blatant braggings a few short years ago should elicit a universal blush. We said that as a world power we were actuated only by pure motives, that our army never had been defeated, because it was armed with righteousness, that big business was sacred, and God approved heartily of our Constitution. We were, in short, rather a nauseating spectacle. Regard us today. Our money, our 100 per centers, our Chambers of Commerce, our efficiency, have failed us. Our hand has been called and two-thirds of our brag was bluff. So we are ready now, I should say. to step out and show what we are made of. A chastened, sobered, humbler lot, let’s make Americanism mean something splendid and vital on the earth.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M: E. Tracy Says:

Fear Seems to Have Become the Predominant Note in Politics as Well as in Business. NEW YORK, May 27—Lack of leadership at this particular j moment is a phenomenon worth studying. The theory that crises produce great men does not appear to be working. This is not only the third year of depression, but the year in which we elect a President. By all the rules, a Moses should have shown up. We go into the campaign without a commanding figure on either side. But for the second-term rule, Hoover’s nomination would be doubtful. As to the Democrats, they are wondering whether some dark horse wouldn’t be preferable to any candidate in sight. Lack of program is as significant as lack of leadership. Apart from certain cut and dried traditions, neither party is quite sure of what it will criticise, or promise. In obedience to custom, the Republicans will point with pride, while the Democrats view with alarm, but on just what grounds is not so clear. It is taken for granted that both parties will abandon prohibition, but how emphatically remains to be seen. The chances are that neither will do much more than recommend a referendum, which is merely passing the buck to old John Public. mam Ruled by Fear FEAR seems to have become the predominant note in politics as well as in business. To tell the truth, we have been scared ever since the war. First, we saw German spies behind every bush. Then we threw fits over Bolshevist propaganda. Then we went for Coolidge as a safety first proposition. Then somebody rocked the boat, and now we don’t know where we’re at. President Hoover is afraid of bond issues, the Democrats are afraid to nominate A1 Smith, and even ardent drys are afraid to oppose a referendum.

Bankers are afraid to use credit made available by the federal reserve system, and politicians are afraid to alienate any sizable bloc of votes. We need nothing so much as a wild-eyed prophet to stir us out of a lethargy which slowly is sapping the nation’s vitality. Money Not All THE reign of alleged rationalism has lasted too long. Asa matter of fact, it hasn’t been rationalism, but a cheap imitation which tried to measure human activities and aspirations in terms of money. We have come to a point where we refuse to believe that people can live without a specified flow of cash. That is one reason why the flow has diminished. To a measurable extent, people must produce for a sounder purpose than wages, must be inspired by something nobler than so much change for the movies and weekend trips. We are all thinking of employment, not because of what it can do to improve conditions, but as a means of getting more money to spend. The great cry is for work, regardless of whether it serves constructive ends. If we thought of the things we could do to make life better, the problem of work would be solved. We couldn't put this country in first-class condition if every man, woman and child worked sixteen hours a day for the next 100 years. m m m Much Left to Do THINK of the families who are not decently housed, the communities that lack modern conveniences, the rivers that are running wild, the countrysides that not only show utter neglect, but are becoming menaces to agiiculture. Think of the insect pests that gradually are destroying forest and field, the great areas of vacant land that might be opened as parks, or playgrounds, for the weary millions, the floods that could be prevented, if our energies and resources were combined properly. No one can listen to the chatter in this country without sensing a definite loss of imagination, an inability to see and take new paths, an absence of the old pioneering spirit which not only inspired our forefathers to face the wilderness, but to try all sorts of innovations.

M TODAY $3

GERMAN DRIVE BEGINS May 27 ON May 27, 1918, the third great German offensive began with terrific force in a perfectly timed assault on a forty-mile front in the Che min des Dames sector. German storm divisions cut their way through the French Hnp<t &nd crossed the Aisne river, after the ground had been prepared for the attack by a tremendous bombardment. German official bulletins hailed a “great victory" and Berlin newspapers claimed that "the French are beaten.” American troops on the front in Picardy made several minor gains.

Questions and Answers

What vm the east of th new department of commerce building in Washington, D. C., and what is the floor area? The building cost $17,500,000. It covers three city blocks and occupies eight acres. The floor space for actual working purposes Is 1,092,000 square feet. How did the name "U-boat" origniate? In is a shortening of the German name for submarine, “unterseeboot." Do the cadets at the United States Military and Naval academies pay tuition? They pay no tuition and receive a monthly allowance from the government while they are student*

Borah Announces He Won’t Attend Convention

# m m n /fTm "

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Maggot Treatment Is No Novelty

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIX Editor Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hrcela. the Health Magazine. THE suggestion made In newspapers some years ago that long-persisting infections of bone, called osteomyelitis, were being benefited by the application of live maggots aroused various reactions among readers. In most instances the response was laughter, if not disgust. Nevertheless, the famous father of modem surgery, Pare, observed rapid healing of such wounds among soldiers as far back as the sixteenth century and Napoleon's own surgeon, Baron Larrey, made a similar observation on soldiers injured in Syria. The late Dr. William S. Baer of

IT SEEMS TO ME

Milwaukee, May 27.— when next I write about some Republican national convention in which the nomination or any other vita 1 issue is decided at 3 o’clock on a Monday morning by a little group in a smoke-filled room, some small abatement in bitterness may be noticed. What the bosses do in seclusion can be accomplished more honestly by the delegates. But the delegates won’t get around to it until the following Saturday. No man can sit with a body of his fellows in any deliberative endeavor without becoming a little impatient with the manner in which he continually is stumbling over somebody's emotional elbow or dogmatic feet. It is clumsy and cumbersome to a maddening degree. And yet it is the only right and proper way. If creation was accomplished in six days, there must have been night sessions. m mm We View With Alarm — IWAS on the platform committee of the Socialist party convention here in Milwaukee, and I rather imagine that it has taken ten years off my life. Oscar Ameringer, a fellow newspaper columnist, joined with me in trying to initiate an innovation. We wrote a party platform in 267 words. And, as Mr. Ameringer said, if we only had more time to write it, we could have made it even shorter. But our fellows on the committee turned it down, and so did the convention when we brought it in as a minority report. And so we are free to peddle the idea to the Democrats and Republicans. If our project had gone through, it would have given me the satisfaction of having achieved a lifelong ambition. Anybody who ever

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—Please permit my 1 statement to be printed in the reader’s views in your columns without any delay. On May 24 your paper reported the conversation of the unemployed committee and Governor Leslie pertaining to Theodore Luesse. It is my opinion that our Governor is going above the limits. He can be blamed as chief executive that he is co-operating with Judge Baker and others against law and justice. May I ask the Governor, since when is there such a law in power that permits our Governor to keep a man in jail for what he may do when he is out of jail? I wonder j who gives the Governor the author-! ity to Judge what a man would do after he is out of prison? If such illegal, unjust, and contemptible power of a Governor is permitted to be exercised against citizens, I would suggest that th j citizens make their first example in putting our Governor with Judge Baker immediately behind the prison bars for fear of what they both may do in the future. According to The Times’ statement, our Governor attempted to deny that Luesse Is being punished by the prison authorities, but later he admitted that Luesse is getting his punishment as he deserves it; but our Governor made a statement that if Luesse only would make promises to suit the Governor, Luesse perhaps would gsin his freedom, but since he is a trouble maker, our Governor

Johns Hopkins hospital finally renewed this observation during the world war, and when he returned home began experiments which have been continued since his death. Now physicians in the Edward Hines, Jr., hospital, devoted to the care of veterans, have reported their results in 200 cases, in which healing was brought about by proper surgical attention combined with the use of maggots in approximately 90 per cent of the cases. The physicians emphasize the necessity first for surgical removal of dead tissue and suppurative material. At each dressing, the wound is washed out and live maggots applied. Moreover, believing that the important substance might be chemical or biological rather

DV HEYWOOD BY BROUN

has served on a newspaper copy desk must get the blue pencil itch whenever he sees a party platform. To the man with any training in condensation “whereas” and “be it resolved” are eyesores to be stricken out with a sweep of the hand. We happened to be too radical for the Socialist convention, and I wouldn’t be a bit surprised if the same thing held true in regard to the Republicans and Democrats. Mr. Ameringer and I got the entire platform on one sheet of typewriter paper. That shocked many delegates. “But where is the preamble?” they wanted to know. We told them that as far as we were concerned there wasn’t going to be any. We simply began, “The Socialist party if elected to office at the coming election will"—and then followed that up with twenty short sentences. m m m History Repeats Itself Morris hillquit objected that our platform was not as radical as that of the majority report. Which was a pretty good joke on Mr. Hillquit, since it was precisely the same platform, only put more briefly. But to a radical, and to many others, a thing becomes stronger the more it is labored. “It’s useless,” I argued, “to go over the history of the last four years. You can’t interest the unemployed by telling them that they have no jobs. They know that already.” In other words, we were contending that if it wasn’t news it didn’t' belong in the platform. But there were lawyers on the committee, and so we lost out. I can think of no state of society in which an attorney will be willing to surrender his hardwon privilege of saying, “Your Honor is well acquainted with the fact that” —

does not want to assume responsibility in giving him freedom. I would like to ask our Governor once more as to what assurance he obtained from all those bootleggers and criminals of all sorts whom he has released from fines and prison. Most likely our Governor wasn’t much interested in obtaining the assurance of those prisoners that they would not bootleg again or otherwise. Theodore Luesse has served his term of one year and yet our Governor is courageous enough to show up his colors and determination to keep Luesse lor 500 more days behind the prison batr. I would suggest that The Times paper immediately start a courageous flght not to permit that brutal punishment. Every citizen should take this into consideration as the most dangerous attitude of our Governor. Every one should rise in a storm of protest against him or it will endanger the citizens' constitutional rights. A CITIZEN AND TAXPAYER.

Daily Thought

But now, O Lord, thou art oar father; we are the clay, and thou our potter; and we all are the work of thy hand.—lsaiah 64:8. Woman la a flower that breathes its perfume In shade only.— Tamennias

than that of the living maggots themselves, extracts were made of dead maggots and this material used also in the treament of the patients. It seems possible that the method may also be of value in treating other infections. At the same time physicians in Ohio have used the Baer method of treatment with maggots on twenty-six cases. Twenty-two of these, they report, have healed successfully. The Ohio physicians also emphasize the importance of thorough surgical cleansing of the wound prior to implanting the living maggots. Here is a method of historical interest, proved by modern science to have definite value in the control of a stubborn infection.

Ideals and opinion* eipreaaed in this column are those of one of America's most interestine writers and are presented without retard to their aereement or dlsaareement with the editorial attitude of this oancr.—The Editor.

j We weren't all lawyers and newspaper men. One member was a mystic. For the first, three hours he seemed an ideal man with whom to work, for he never opened his mouth to make a single suggestion and protest. But after midnight he grew articulate. man Lo Still a Poor Indian THERE was quite an animated discussion on as to whether a | certain appropriation was to be five ; billion or twenty billion dollars. What with the lateness of the hour and the intensity of the discussion, my head was beginning to swim. I never had spread money about with such a lavish hand in my life. And, at that, I was something of a dirty old reactionary, because I was holding out for ten billion. Suddenly the mystic spoke up and said, “I think we ougnt to do something for the Indians.” Nobody paid any attention, but the ice was broken, and from that time on until the early morning the voice of the mystic was raised from time to time. It didn’t matter whether we were discussing China, the Philippines or prohibition. With a certain degree of regularity we would hear this soft and humble but insistent admonition, “I think we ought to do something for the Indians. My motto always nas been that if art Indian will treat me right, I’ll i do the same for him. But along | about 4 o’clock I found In myself i the dawning of a rare prejudice. I began to hate Indians—all Indians. [ from Algonquins to Osages. They ' scalp people and scare them with warwhoops. And. besides that, in a meeting 1 of a platform committee I feel that an Indian is a heap big nuisance. I won’t do a thing for the Indians. They’ll have to get along without me. fCopvrißht. 1932. bv The Times)

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.MAY 27, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Proper Protection for 111 and Old Advocated by Professor of Biophysics. • A SIX-HOUR day and a flve-euy J *- week are recommended by D\ ! Albert Bachem, professor of biophysics in the University of Illinois Medical school, in a report just made public by the Engineering Foundation of New York. From biological considerations. Professor Bachem arrives at the conclusion that the present economic system needs alterations. “Biology.' Dr, Bachem says, "shows thatt work is healthful mentally and physically for men and we men between 17 and 45 years; that from 45 years on hard physical work shortens life, and that most modern professions need stimulating physical and mental recreation to balance their dulling effects. “Assuming the correctness of these premises, one easily recognizes that because it leaves work and idleness distributed at random, the present system of unrestricted labor and unrestricted unemployment is not the correct answer to our problems. “The only logical measure is to regulate employment so much that every man or woman from 17 to 18 years up to 45 or 50 can be provided with work. A five-day week and a six-hour day would suffice for the needs of most countries. “The rest of time can be devoted to healthful recreation. This regulation should be revised periodically, according to variations caused by seasons and business cycle*.’’ mum Sick and Aged ALONG with the shorter workday and work-week. Dr. Bachem would add proper protection for the sick and old. “The sick and old should be protected from destitution bv compulsory invalid insurance and oldage pensions, or else given a chance to accumulate enough capital to meet, such contingencies,” he says. “The disadvantage of the machine age would be eliminated, and its benefits utilized so as to enable , us to live agreeable, healthy lives, |in greater conformance with the rules of nature and the teachings of modem medicine by such a scheme. "It is to be hoped that the present depression will serve ns an impetus to give it a trial.” While we are making repairs in the economic system. Dr. Bachem also would have us do something about housing conditions and wearing apparel. He believes that modern houses and modern clothes are both “crimes against nature,” in that they prevent natural stimuli from reaching the skin. He believes that modem man is paying a heavy penalty for thus disregarding the rules which nature meant mankind to follow*. Dr. Bachem is of the opinion that modem man is weakening his health by the sort of houses he lives in and the sort of clothes he wears. m m a Function of Skin important function of the V-/ skin, performed by a complicated mechanism, is heat regulation,” he explains. “The perfect working of this mechanism determines to a large extent a healthy constitution. “By living in closed rooms, by dressing in heavy and tightly fitting garments, we have allowed this mechanism to cease functioning and its branches to degenerate, so that we can not withstand even small variation of temperature; usually reacting with a cold even to the most moderate exposure. “It is the fear of such exposure, together with the dictates of fashion. that has led the stronger sex so to overdress that their bodies constantly move in a tropical climate.

“Fashion and science have reached the point where a break may occur unless fashion gives way. “It should not be difficult to design a garment without a narrow collar and a tight belt, so that air ventilation is permitted. “Disposing of vest and coat should not carry the stigma of social misdemeanor, but should be permitted as a means to allow the body to cool off, to admit some light and to increase its vitality. “So long as our mode of dressing is not improved. I see no advantage in the use of windows made transparent to ultra-violet or in the use of ultra-violet lamps. “Even the bathing suit of today dees not allow for the benefits of light and air; if wet, it becomes uncomfortable, interferes with the correct posture and prevents the uniform exposure of the body, thus rendering impossible a uniform reaction." What are the three oldest colleges or universities in the United States? Harvard at Cambridge, Mass, founded in 1636; William and Mary, at Williamsburg, Va„ founded in 1693, and Yale university at New Haven, Conn., founded in 1701.