Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 11, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 May 1932 — Page 6

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/C* H4* 3 ~HO*VAMt>

The Lofcic of Ludlow Congressman Ludlow was one of the Indiana representatives who voted against the sale of beer containing so little alcohol that no booze hound would drink it, but enough to bring $500,000,000 of taxes to the public treasury. He states that f vote for 2.75 per cent beer would be a violation of his oath to support the Constitution. Against that view is the opinion of thousaiyis of doctors, economists and 169 of his colleagues who may be presumed to also have some slight regard for their oaths of office. Against such logic is also the fact that Ludlow voted for special taxes on wort and malt that can be used for no other purpose than the manufacture of home-made beer of at least three times the alcoholic content of the proposed “beer" bill. Very reputable and very noted lawyers ha*e suggested that congress, under our Volstead philosophy, has the final power to determine exactly what percentage of alcohol in a beverage is intoxicating. There can, of course, be no other method of arriving at a decision as to what point any drink comes into conflict with the Constitution. Congress makes the law that puts the eighteenth air. ndment Into effect. If it abolishes all penalties and made no regulations, the Constitution would be no* i ang more than words. For any congressman, especially from a district thut has demonstrated its desire to end the sorry farce of prohibition, to declare that the court* would find that the proposal for 2.75 beer was in conflict with the Const! .ution on the basis of fact, means that he believes that the courts and not congress rule the people. There would have been rejoicing had he declared that he would stand ready to impeach any judge of any court who dared to inject into a decision his own judgment on a question of fact as against that of the vote of the law making body of the land. Such a decision would assume a judicial dictatorship. The measure which Ludlow found so violent as to outrage his oath of office declared that the proposed alcoholic content of a beverage was, in fact, not intoxicating. It was based on a decision of the supreme court that congress has the right to determine the line between intoxicating and nonintoxicating beverages and that no court may question its decision. That precedent was obtained when the Anti-Saloon League ran America. The vote of Ludlow is more than unfortunate. His logic makes it worse. There is danger that the people will forget his fine services in other matters. The people are no longer fooled. They are veiy tired of the system which b lilds the bootlegger into the millionaire, which sends men to jail for selling home brew and subsidizes the makers of wines that are sold in every drug store, that taxes malt for the law violator and hesitates to tax a beverage that might satisfy and not debauch. Crowe and Larrabee were wiser. They knew public sentiment and they, too, have consciences. Relief that Pays The Hoover and Democratic programs for public works and direct relief for the unemployed are close enough together on essentials to make a compromise plan immediately possible, if both sides keep their eyes on the goal. , That goal is relief now. Action is required. Relief results are far more important than bickering over details and methods. Both groups have specified that most of the public works should be self-liquidating. That is important. Otherwise, there would be the temptation of political log-rolling for roads, buildings and river work where none is needed, or at least which can not justify themselves on grounds of economic efficiency. President Hoover Just has stated this point well. He says: “A larger and far more effective relief to unemployment at this stage can be secured by increased aid to income-producing works. I wish to emphasize this distinction between what for purposes of this discussion we may term income-producing (also referred to as self-liquidating works) on the one hand and nonproductive public works on the other. * By income-producing works I mean such projects of states, counties and other subdivisions as waterworks. toll bridges, toll tunnels, docks and any other such activities which charge for their service and whose earning capacity provides a return upon the investment.” The same point is stressed by the Democratic steering committee's plan, which states: “In financing these projects, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation will be amply secured. Every undertaking must meet the test that it will be selfliquidating and its earnings sufficient to authorize the cost of construction." The chief points of difference between the Hoover and Democratic plans is that the latter apparently would place more specific limitations and regulations upon loans to private industries, and also would provide for a half billion dollars' worth of bonds for federal public works in addition to the one and a half billion dollars advanced through the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to local governments and, private industry. In view of the fact that the federal government, under both the Hoover and Democratic plans, is going into the commercial banking business—to make loans which private banks refuse to jnake. despite the largg credit aid given them by the government it obviously is necessary that adequate safeguards be put In the law to prevent bad loans, political favoritism, and waste. There is no reason for the President to object to that. As for the President’s argument against a half billion dollar bond issue for federal public works already authorized by congress and himself, it would be clear that th£ is the same bond principle as his proposal for a Reconstruction Finance Corporation bond issue—only much smaller in size. The amount in dispute really is only about $250,000,000, as the other half of the $500,000,000 under the Democratic plan would be eliminated from the pending appropriation and tax bills. The plan of the Democratic leader, Senator Joseph T. Robinson, to submit the Democratic compromise program to a vote, is the obvious way to hasten action. Neither side should block compromise, and neither side should delay a final vote. ' Easy Mastery of the Obvious Governor Franklin Roosevelt's Atlanta speech is as clear a statement of what Is wrong as it is obscure on what should be done. "Our basic trouble was not an Insufficiency of capital,”’ he said. “It was an insufficient distribution of buying power —we accumulated such a superabundance of capital that our great bankers wen vying with each other, some of them emplowng quesL\

The Indianapolis Times (A tCBIPPS-HOWAKD VEWSPAPEB) Owned anil published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Co--214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 2 c*nte—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indians. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLII. BOV W. HOWalid] EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PBOXE- Riley 5561 TUESDAY, MAT 34. 1933. Member of United Press, Scrtpps-Howird Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

tionable methods in their efforts to lend this capital at home and abroad. “I believe we are at the threshold of a fundamental change in our popular economic thought; that In the future we are going to think less about the producer and more about the consumer—we can not endure for long unless we bring about a wiser, more equitable distribution of the national income.” Nothing today is more obvious than that the picture of millions during the boom years invested in production for which there now is no market is vivid to every one who makes the slightest pretense to a study of the situation. If a sufficient part of those millions had been distributed in wages with which the consumer could have bought, we would have had fewer factories and more customers, and we might have attained the balance between consumption and production so essential to healthy economic life. Travel the length and breadth of the nation and ask what is the most fundamental of the reasons for our present predicament, and you will get from at least 99 per cent of the men and women who do any thinking at all on the subject the same diagnosis that Governor Roosevelt gave. But we expect from a presidential candidate not only a diagnosis, but remedy. It Is, therefore, with disappointment that a baffled public finds at the end of a trail of well-chosen words only this generalization: "The country needs and, unless I mistake its temper, the country demands, bold, persistent experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and try It; if it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But, above all, try something.” Very little, if any, nourishment in that. A Bitter Brew So we are ( not going to use beer to balance ibe budget—this year. The 228-to-169 vote of the house of representatives Monday against legalizing and taxing of 2.75 per cent beer makes a bitter brew for our automobile-makers and for other essential industries and individual taxpayers. It means they will have to bear heavy special burdens, imposed in the billion-dollar tax bill. It is bitter brew for the millions who now will buy their summer drinks at high prices in speakeasies, or else concoct as well as they can their own yeasty beverages. But speakeasy proprietors and bootleggers, now collecting 25 to 35 cents a glass for their beer, well can celebrate the vote. Even after dividing with corrupt police and politicians, that leaves a neat margin, more than they would collect on & 10 or 15 cent legal, taxed drink. The net result is that absolute, fanatical prohibition Is with us for a few months more. But the vote of Monday shows also that the end is near. In addition to the 169 who voted “aye,” ten indicated by vote-canceling pairs that they favored the bill. This is thirty-nine short of an absolute majority. On the vote, a switch of only thirty votes would have brought the Hull-O'Connor bill up for passage. Indignant voters should be vigilant now, for the vote formally opened an “alibi season” for the 228 ultra-drys. Immediate action by both party conventions for a reasonable change in the present intolerable system is the next step. After that, quick action by congress should follow. Seventy-seven Dukhobors in British Columbia were sentenced to three years in the penitentiary each for running around in thei rbirthday suits. Gosh, isn’t Hollywood glad it isn’t in Canada. That historian who said the Chinese were the most peaceful people would have a hard time convincing the Japanese marines who were at Shanghai. The Australian premier who resigned his post by wireless telephone may have given some kings a good tip without knowing it. Pussyfooting politicians are the curse of the country, says an editorial writer. Well, at least that’s one thing which has not changed since 1929. If you ever doubt that it's the same old United States with the world’s greatest supply of raw material, Just go to a vaudeville show.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

AMERICA is not a safe place for babies. May we remember that when we sing “The StarSpangled Banner.” Our pride in country has been humbled the dust. Our haughty spirit is spent and our boasts fall silent, shamed, and mute before the tragedy that has echoed our arrogance. Only in America, we were wont to say, could a Charles Lindbergh have been born. Only in this land could a comparatively obscure lad become the greatest among us and marry into a rich, powerful family. Today, alas, we repeat the phrase with another meaning. Only in America could the child of such a man have been brutally, foully murdered. Only here could it have been possible to dupe sorrowing parents of their money with lies, and torture them with false hopes. Little Lindy belonged to all of us. He was more than a baby. He was a symbol of beauty, romance, and splendor. Since the day five years ago when his father flew straight Into the hearts of our people, the story of the colonel and his Anne and their tiny son has" been an inspiring, never-ending serial, emblazoned in golden script upon the annals of our history. _ .. It reminded us that beauty, courage, affection, and home are among the eternal verities. This iamily represented to millions of troubled, turbulent, tired people the ideal. m a a AND it seems incredible that a land that could produce a Lindbergh also could give birth to the individual or individuals who murdered his child. Yet this is a nation where babies are of small account. There are plenty of communities where the pigs have a better chance to survive the ordeal of birth than human infants. W crush the bodies of poor little boys and girls In the machinery of factories. We maim their souls with materialism. We kill their ideals and destroy their dreams. And if they survive these, we lead them forth a sacrifice to Mars. Against these gigantic crimes, the murder of one sweet innocent is but a blot upon an ink-black record. Little Lindy, like unnumbered obscure babies, wears a martyr’s halo. He, too, Is a victim of this gold-worshipping, graft-ridden age. He was bom Into a civilization ‘that is afflicted with laws and lawyers, yet Is lawless. * Mourn not unduly for him. It is for ourselves and our lost honor that we should weep.-

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

The Mess We Are in Calls for More Than Merely Tiding Things Over Until a Favorable Break Comes. BOSTON, May 24—The house votes down a tax on beer, the senate adds brick to already overbuilt tariff wall and the President comes out against federal bond issues for public work, or relief. Thus are bootleggers spared, big business protected, and the Democrats answered. Were we mistaken in supposing that the nation laced an emergency, or that those in authority realize it? “The back of the depression can not be broken by any single government undertaking,” says President Hoover. Neither could the back of the World war, but that did not prevent the government from raising $30,000,000,000, taking over the railroads, drafting 4,000,000 men, and doing many other things. m m n Can’t Just Wait for Break THE mess we are in calls for more than merely tiding things over until a favorable break occurs. The co-operation about which President Hoover talks is not self-start-ing. A great, complicated system has broken down. Even those who thought they understood it are bewildered. The government is the one institution in which people have implicit faith. The government must take charge. Balancing the budget is desirable, not to save public credit, but to make possible the use of public credit. * u tt Battles Liberalism THE problem is not only to make credit available, but to make work. If manufacturers and producers knew where # they could sell goods, I they would 'open immediately, but j they lack a market, as well as money. They will continue to lack a market until our millions of un- j employed are put back to work, and 1 wages have been raised sufficiently to restore mass buying power. It is true, as the President points out, that public works can not be started in a day, especially in such I volume as to relieve the unemploy-! ment situation, but a tremendous I amount could be started in a com- j paratively short time, if credit were made available for states, cities and towns, as provided in the La Follette, Smith and Robinson plans. No one can read the President’s j statement without getting the idea that he is uncompromisingly opposed to the principle underlying all these plans, or without suspecting that reactionary influences helped him form such opinion. Evidently, he is convinced that the present situation calls for a determined effort to preserve the old guard theories of government, and that his battle is against liberalism as well as distress. n n a Let’s Admit Realities LIKE Mr. Hoover, there are millions who believe that no emergency is big enough to warrant any j change of habit, or method, especially in the operation of a govern- j ment; that no emergency is big, enough to teach us anything: that; the breakdown of an old machine, or an old system, simply indicates repair. There are others who believe that there comes a time when it is nec- 1 essary to break away from tradition, when the old remedies no longer are adequate, or effective, and when people must try something new, regardless of the risk. Up to 1917 we never had sent an army to Europe, or contemplated such a thing as possible. Up to 1929. we regarded the postwar prosperity as permanent. Up to last winter, we assumed that this depression was only a repetition of past experiences, and soon would respond to the good old cycle theory. For the last ten years we have hugged the illusionment that Soviet | Russia would collapse, Mussolini be put out of power, and Germany 1 would pay her debts according to the i Young plan, Dawes plan, or some other arrangement. We have gone blithely along, raising tariffs, denying Russia recognition, and declaring that, no matter what happened, we were going to get what European nations owed us. Wouldn’t we do better to accept some of the realities, admit that certain changes have taken place, and try something different?

* t oday * ANNIVERSARV

IRISH SHIP TORPEDOED May 24

ON May 24, 1918, the Irish steamer Inniscarra was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine as it was on its way from Fishguard to Cork. Thirty-seven members of the crew were reported lost at sea. * • Important British victories in East Africa were announced. This gain was taken to mean that German rule in Africa was at an end. A German attempt to bomb Paris was nipped in the bud by French anti-aircraft guns, only one plane reaching the city. One person was killed and twelve injured on the ; outskirts of the city by bombs dropped. China and Japan signed a naval convention regarding the advance of Japanese troops and the use of ships in connection therewith in Siberia. A previous agreement regarding! Japanese troop movements through Russian territory was amended and affirmed. It was announced in Washington that Costa Rica had declared war against Germany on May 23.

Daily Thought

For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye.—Ezekiel 18:32. ; Repose and cheerfulness are the j badge of the gentleman—repose in 1 energy.—Snerson.

Think You Can Get It All In?

MOU \ lII' MAV HAVE ! 1• j . to come j N. I. J BACK FOR ) / \ / . J j..., SOME OP (■.,„ ) /. _ [77* 1 ! l *^P~T -:3W V IT.'* j Ini l ~

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Straightening of Teeth New Science

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN, Editor Journal of the American Medical Association. and of HTxela. the Health Merazlne. WITHIN recent years anew specialty had arisen in dentistry and in medicine, called orthodontia. The word means “straight teeth.” As explained by Dr. Frank A. Delabarre, it means literally to arrange crooked teeth in a more harmonious and symmetrical curve, so that they will function better and improve the facial appearance. It is, of course, necessary to realize that back of all health is proper nutrition and growth. Unless the child has a diet which contains a sufficient amount of calcium, phosphorus, vitamins A, C and D particularly, it is not likely to have good teeth. Unless the baby teeth have been controlled suitably and well taken

IT SEEMS TO ME

SEVERAL persons have taken me severely to task far attacking Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. The contention runs that ■ this column has accused him on numerous occasions of being vague, but that the charge of vagueness was full of vagueness. I have tried to point out that I am not among those who assail him because he speaks of “the forgotten man." I think somebody ought to remember that individual. But I do not think his estate is much improved simply because a candidate sends him a postcard inscribed, "Wish you were here.” As yet I have not heard what it is that Franklin Roosevet intends to do for the “forgotten man” except to wave his hand from out the window and say, ‘Good growing weather.” In current papers I find some extracts from a speech which the Governor made in Warm Springs, Ga. He took occasion to refer once more to the “forgotten man” and also mentioned his little boy, the “forgotten child.” a a Know Somebody Who Does “TVTO one," continued the Govll ernor, “wants government to assume more functions, but it is clear that government in this nation can not let its people starve. Government in the United States must not allow its men, women and children to suffer excessive privation.” But in this paragraph it seems to me that Franklin D. Roosevelt has stated two theories which are mutually exclusive. He has expressed. on the one hand, a belief in the familiar conservative contention that Washington must never interfere with “rugged individualism.” But then he goes on to say that government “can not let its people starve.” If the federal government is going to undertake to feed the

What's in a Name? The answer is a whole lot: History, geography, occupations, relationships, nationality. Your name—your first name, your middle name, your surname—all mean something. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a packet of five of its interesting and.informative bulletins on this subject, which will interest every individual human being. The titles are: 1. and family trees. 3. Surnames and their mean2. Given names and their mean- ings. logs. 4. Meanings of Indian names. 5. Nicknames and phrases. If you would like this packet of five bulletins, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-30, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want the packet of live bulletins on Names, and Inclose herewith 15 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United states postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO * CITY STATE I mat a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

care of, the teeth that come in thereafter will not be developed and distributed properly. Dentists are convinced that a considerable number of bad habits are associated with development of malocclusion, which means improper closing of the teeth and jaws. Breathing through the mouth, sucking the thumb, and similar bad habits may be associated with bad formation of the teeth, the bones of the jaw' and the muscles which control them. The twenty baby teeth of infancy begin to disappear around the age of 6, at which time also the four big 6-year molars appear. Unless there is a full number of healthy teeth in the mouth at each age, they will not be arranged properly nor will they close properly. Each tooth depends on the one next to it for support. If any group

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

hungry and to clothe the naked, it must assume more functions. It must take on powers and provinces which are not in accord with the tradition of either the Democratic or the Republican party. It must become, if not wholly Socialist, at least socialistic. But if Franklin Roosevelt meant to say that he favored any huge project of public works or unemployment insurance at government expense, he neglected to mention it. “In normal times,” he continued, “we all hope that some way will be devised to avoid any increase in governmental functions, but in what you might call exceptional times like these certain functions must be maintained.” tt May Bea Needle NOW, that, I contend, is entirely obscure. If the Governor had said that in times like these certain functions must be increased It would make some sense, although I would still be curious to know Just what functions and how. But If the English language means what I think it means, the Governor merely is saying that in a critical period the government should proceed just as if times were normal. It is my opinion that Franklin Roosevelt in these pre-convention days seeks side streets in which he will meet as few issues as possible. Certainly he was eager to find a patch of no man’s land upon which to land in his oratorical flight at Warm Springs, Ga„ for, from his vague (and I say it advisedly) discussion of federal responsibilities, he went straight to the following observations: “I think these are times when we rely on the words of the Bible—those in one of the commandments. I think that the country would work more readily not back to great prosperity but to comparative prosperity if we remembsr those words. ‘ We will come more easily to the

of teeth are pushed out of position, the whole set becomes irregular. The orthodontist is a specialist in producing regularity of the teeth. Through gradual changes exercised at certain points, the teeth are brought into proper position. This is done by use of wire and of gold, and rubber bands, and must be done slowly and carefully, so as not to destroy the teeth in the process. It is a specialty within dentistry which concerns the ordinary care of the teeth. It is no longer necessary for any girl to appear in public after she has grown to mature age with teeth crossing over one another, or with protruding snaggle teeth that gave so many women a comical appearance in the past. Science in this way docs much for human happiness.

Ideals and opinions expressed in tbls column are those ol o-fie of America’s most Inter* estinjr writers and are presented withoat retard to their agreement or disaareement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

day when food, clothing, and a roof will be guaranteed to the men, women and children or the nation if we appreciate genuinely and apDly practically that commandment Love thy neighbor as thyself.’” k a a Not a Contentious Issue Franklin roosevelt has been a little radical, I must admit, in identifying this precept as a biblical commandment, but the rest is in more conventional mold. If Senator Borah were to introduce the Golden Rule in the form of a resolution. I have no doubt that not a single Democrat or Republican would be found voting “nay.” * It is an excellent philosophy. It is an ideal ethical concept. It is not even beyond the grasp of man. But it is not economic or a political program. Nor, of course, is it original with Governor Roosevelt. The hungry must be fed; the homeless must be sheltered; the naked must be clothed. But how, Mr. Roosevelt, and when? It isn’t a question of getting congress to adopt the Golden Rule; the problem is how to enforce It. I hope Franklin Roosevelt will take up that phase of the situation in his next address. iCopvrlchL 1932. bv The Times 1

People’s Voice

Editor Times —In looking over the items in the Noblesville Daily Ledger Saturday evening, I noticed an article with the following headlines, in big type, “Voted Three Times in One Day." And this gentleman is one of the highly respected citizens of our county. The first thought that entered my mind after reading this was the expression I heard repeated after the Civil war. And that was when there was an election in the county, the returns from all over the county would come in with the exception of Washington township. These were held back until it was decided how many more votes were needed to carry the county for certain candidates. After that, the result would come O. K. That was not considered a secret in those days. The G. O. P. always has posed as the party of patriotism, but where the patriotism comes in is hard for me to tell. When a boy of 16 or 17 years of age gets on a horse and rides over the township and votes three times in one day and at the age of 87 years boasts about it, what can be expected of the generations that are to follow? The question in my mind is, are our young men now entering the political arena being trained to pull off such stunts? We hope not. And also we expact tc see the day when the political trickster and schemer will give way to an upright generation. instructed in the principles laid down in the Declaration of Independence. C. D. ZIMMER. Editor Times—"A clamor for a pardon has been set up in distant centers, where the people know absolutely nothing about the merits of the case." The above quoted nonsense Is from a Star editorial, disparaging

.MAY 24, 1932.

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ :

Architects Want New Method of Building Homes to Eliminate Waste and Unsightliness. AMERICA needs anew method of building homes and developing communities, in the opinion of I the American Institute of Architects. In keeping with this view, the institute is launching an extensive study of the subject. The institute declares that “the traditional, inadequately controlled, purely individualist, and competitive process of house building in America is wasteful and productive of harmful social and economic results to the community,’’ so has authorized a scientific inquiry into the nation's housing problems. The inquiry will be directed “to the economic processes of community development and change so that there may be discovered, first, the unsound economic causes of blighted areas and slums, and, second, what constructive economic measures can be found to rehabilitate the blighted areas and eridacate the slum areas.” The institute acted on the recommendations of its committee on economics of site planning and housing, of which Frederick Bigger of Pittsburgh is chairman. a a Corrections Needed A SUCCESSFUL effort to wipe out the slums necessitates the correction of uneconomic practices which lead to retrogression of communities the committee says. “Correction," it was held, “must take the form, of scientifically directed change, based upon accurate, reliable data. One of the first steps is to discover and identify more exactly the anti-economic procedure involved in community development and change. “The evil social results which accompany the house building process do not directly affect those who can afford to occupy and maintain high standard housing. “Excessive subdivision of land into building lots, of which vast quantities remain unoccupied, was called a particularly costly handicap to the community. “The purely speculative subdivision should be compelled to give way to those who carry through to final completion the whole synthetic process of land subdivision and construction of utilities and dwellings. “The technique of site planning and housing already has made great advances. Projects have been completed in this country and abroad which are invaluable demonstrations for guidance of the architect and others in undertakings yet to be launched.’’ a tt Large-Scale Plans “AT the present time, and probIV. ably *or many years to come, the methods of ‘large scale operation’ will produce the maximum financial economy, the most efficient economy, the most efficient planning, and the most extensive provision of amenities and social good." the report continues. •‘However great the accomplishment of new high standard siteplanning, large-scale operations, or advanced technological process, the problem of slum elimination and the rehabilitation of blighted areas remains and can not be ignored. It is a part of the whole picture. “These retrograde dwellinigs and disintegrating neighborhoods are an economic drag upon community improvements, particularly upon new housing ventures. “Therefore, substitution of highstandard housing ibr degenerating and low-standard houses must be accepted as a major objective of both social and economic importance.” Many municipalities are in a weak, if not actually precarious, financial condition, said the committee, in describing major phenomena of community development and change. “Municipal credit obviously is inadequate to supply all residents of a city or an urban region with completely developed streets and utilities of the type considered desirable, if not actually essential, for modern American communities.” it states.

Questions and Answers

Where are the largest veins of roal in the United States? Probably in Wyoming. At Gil-~ lette, in the northeastern part of the state, there is a vein about ninetysix feet thick, and in Lincoln county, in the western part of the state, there is a vein ninety-four feet thick . What is the origin and meaning of Bolsheviki? Literally it means “the greater." Bolsheviki is derived from the Russian ‘‘bolshinstvo," which means the '‘majority.’’ The word is specifically applied to a branch of the Socialist Democratic party that became dominant in Russia during the revolution of March. 1517. Is the white fox of Canada the same as the Siberian Arctic fox? The white fox of Canada is silky haired and inclined to a creamy color. The Siberian Arctic tax is white and more woolly. the thousands of distinguished men . and women who seek to put an end to the unjustified imprisonment of Tom Mooney by corrupt California capitalism. The editor of the Star knows that his statement is untrue; he knows that the growing movement in behalf of Mooney is founded on the closest study of the evidence and absolute proof of Mooney's innocence. The Wicker sham report was the report of specialists; it is easily available to the editor of the Star; why hasn't he read it. There must be congressional records on his desk; admirable summaries of the case are to be found therein, offering another excellent opportunity for learning the merits of the case." Let him use them. No one needs to go to California to learn the truth about the Mooney case, although many defenders of Mooney have. All the information needed is available in newspaper files and in the public library. EUGENE STANTUN. 537 South West street*