Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 5, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 May 1932 — Page 6

PAGE 6

stmmpj •now amd

Cutting the Costs Perhaps out of the period of depression will come changes in government that will actually reduce the coat of government, not through abandonment of real service, but by eliminating waste. In his campaign for the Republican nomination for the governorship. M. Bert Thurman 1* advocating the. elimination of counties through combinations. The conditions which made many counties necessary have changed. County lines were originally drawn to accommodate the people under the primitive methods of transportation and communication. The same service could be rendered today by divisions into half the number of present county units, and this is especially true in communities which are unable to pay large sums in taxation. One other source of waste is in the fee system for county treasurers. The absurdity of Increasing the revenues of this office in times of depression can no longer be tolerated. It is monstrous that one public official receive 175,000 a year for supervising a clerical Job while thousands are living below the level of subsistence and other thousands are losing their property throifgh failure to pay taxes. The method of distributing auto license plates costs the people hundreds of thousands of unnecessary dollars. These plates could be distributed through county jfficlals with little or no additional expense. Today these Jobs are the fattest picltings of patronage, taking but little time and bringing in several thousands of dollars to those who have the proper political pull. The next legislature must put the county treasurers on straight salaries and take away this luscious political plum from appointees of the secretary of state. Both of these moves would mean not only economy but better political conditions. The Japanese Terror Effects of the Japanese terror on the far eastern war situation are more important to the world than the Tnkio politics involved. It has been clear since last September that the young army and navy group, which heads the Fascist movement, is bent on large scale conquest. These officers, from the beginning, have forced the hands of the older imperialists, who may share most of the aims of the younger officers, but who are experienced enough to know that extreme methods tend to defeat themselves in the end. Though the actual terrorists are relatively small In number, they apparently have been successful in stimulating a large following among the reactionaries for a military dictatorship. Certainly, men sufficiently insane to start a reign of assassinations and bombing against their own militaristic government, on the ground that it is not militaristic enough, can not be expected to consider world opinion or world peace as related to the present Manchurian crisis. For that, reason. Washington officials are properly fearful of the possible effect of this Fascist outbreak on Japanese-Russian relation*. Japan's action In concentrating .more and more troops in Manchuria, which she took by conquest last fall, puts her in a position to attack Russia. If Japan does not intend to attack Russia, It Is difficult to understand why she has embarked on her expensive troop concentration at a time when she is close to bankruptcy. Russia, at any rate, is acting on the assumption that her territory may be invaded or her rights in the Chinese Eastern railroad violated. She in turn has concentrated troops along the frontier as a measure of self-defense. With two hostile armies drawn up along a frontier, there is always a chance that one of those ‘ incidents'’ so fruitful in starting past wars may precipitate another war. Undoubtedly, the danger becomes grave when one of the governments concerned—as is the case in Tokio today—is under war pressure by Fascists who stop neither at assassination nor anything else. Whether the Tokio government acts on the Fascist war demands, or not, depends in large part on the attitude of the United States. So long as the United States outlaws Russia diplomatically, while continuing friendly relations with a Japanese government which has outlawed itself by wholesale violation of treaties, Tokio will assume that the United States would not object to a Japanese attack on Russia. Unless we are misinformed, the United States government is most anxious to preserve peace in the far east and is opposed completely to Japanese aggrestion against Russia. We believe this policy should be stated publicly, officially and promptly. The most effective way to convince the Japanese militarists that this is American policy is for President Hoover to recognize Russia, as all the other powers have done long ago. A Real Ray of Lipht The village of Rye. N. Y.. is a symbol of wealth. It is the home of the Westchester Biltmore, and all that name Implies. A visit to Rye in the summer of 1929 meant literally being jostled by millionaires. But something happened. And now citizens of Rye are attending town meetings. The meetings are packed to the doors by those who but two or three short years ago never would have dreamed of participating in village politics. The subject of discussion is—taxes. Rye is mentioned especially because of the village's peculiarly wealthy background. 3ut what is happening there is happening also the length and breadth of the nation. And the subject always is—taxes. Nothing growing out of the depression, nothing occurring in Washington or Geneva, is more significant. The town meeting typifies democracy in it* pure and original form—a democracy from which the people of this nation have strayed far in the years of their prosperity. Now the pressure is toward return. It is the pressure of adversity. And sweet will be the uses of that adversity if it results once more in a government of the people, for the people, and by the people. • • • Democracy presumes self-rule through government by the majority. Prosperity and indifference go hand in hand. Bo as time went on and prosperity continued, more and more the great mass of citizens ceased to take part In public affairs. In place of true democracy, there grew up a government by and for minorities—a government influenced and directed by lobbies, functioning ‘Affectively

The Indianapolis Times (A ICSirri-HOffABD NEWSPAPER) oni) unit (Ully toscept Sunday) by Tbs Indtortapoll* Tlma Publishing Cos.. 214-220 Wsst Maryland Street, lndlanapolto. fnd. Pries la Marina County. 2 mnts a copy: elsewhere. 2 rente—delivered by carrier. 12 rent* a wrek. Mail subscription rates la lodlana. $3 a year: ontalds of Indiana, w cent* a month. ~ BOrD~OORL*T. BOX W. Editor Trealdent Businesa Manager PHOffE— R 1 ly MM TUXUOAY, MAY U. IW Member of CnUed Press. Newspaper Alltonr*. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulation*. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

in city hall, county courthouse, state capitol, and national capitol. Well paid, knowing what they wanted, these representatives o'! special groups came to dominate the law-making and the tax spending of the land. Witness their effectiveness in Washington today. And so the great body of citizens, unrepresented in any group or by any lobby, but paying the large part of the bill, yawned and paid—as long as the sun was shining. The United States of America, born of the idea of a government by all the people, came to be governed bv the few. But were headed back. That's why citizens are attending tax meetings in behalf of a town where once polo and golf and swimming pools and cover charges reigned supreme. AI Smith's Speech There is a Jam in Washington because political bickering stands in the way of making necessary government economies and passing an adequate tax bill. Leaders of both parties sidetrack the program by indulging in by-play, both sides with their eyes on the party conventions, a month hence. Into this situation steps A1 Smith. With his usual boldness, he throws off party considerations and appeals for nonpartisanship in the emergency. He even goes so far as to say, give the President power to eliminate waste by consolidating bureaus—the man who happens to represent the party he opposes and who defeated him for the presidency. “I believe,” says Smith, ‘‘it is the patriotic duty of every member of congress from now until adjournment to discourage and avoid all blocs, cabals, insurgencies and mugwump tactics, by whatever name they are called, which bedevil legislation, increase the depression, unsettle business, and endanger our credit at home and abroad." Smith attacked the cash bonus proposal and favored a beer tax, an extension of the war debt moratorium, public works and unemployment re.’ief, and a sales tax. While we disagree with one or two of his planks, his economic program is striking, because it is so forthright. Whether in presenting his own specific remedies or in appealing for a statesmanship in Washington that rises above partisanship, A1 Smith, in his courage and candor, is refreshingly different from the crowd of pussyfooting politicians which afflicts both parties and the country. ‘Cap’ Dollar’s Ships Robert Dollar, multimillionaire master of many ships, has put out to sea on his last and most mysterious voyage. Hard-bitten, unlettered and practical aa was this God-fearing old Scotchman, his going leaves his adopted country with a vision of courage it seems peculiarly to need right now. "Don’t wait for your ships to come in,” he used to say. "They’ll come in all right, so long as you keep sending ’em out." "Cap” Dollar kept "sending ’em out” to the very last. At 11 he was a cook's helper in a Canadian loggers’ camp, learning to “Agger” by candlelight on a piece of bark. Twice he went broke as farmer and lumberman. At 57 he sent to Shanghai a tiny schooner of lumber, bringing her back laden with tea, spice and silk. He had discovered the Pacific commercially, and at his death, at the age of 88, he was operating a fleet of more than fifty vessels, including a fleet of round-the-world liners. Always he believed the Pacific was the ocean of destiny, that the Mediterranean and Atlantic civilizations had seen their day. Science has invented a machine to measure noise, and in its first test It found that Lily Pons can make more noise than a street car. How about a championship match between Lily and Tom Tom Heflin? German is being restored to the curricula of many high schools, but from the looks of things in the far past, It might be better to teach Chinese and Japanese. General Ma is a smart man. if you ask us. He made the Japs feed him all winter! British to Stand Pat on Irish Issue, says a headline. But Pat says they can’t do it. France Is changing its law's to make divorce harder. The thing that makes divorce so hard in the United States is alimony. That Illinois town which w ? as visited by a tornado and federal prohibition agents the same day probably wishes they had arrived simultaneously. The naval department has decided to keep the battle fleet in the Pacific indefinitely, again proving that there’s nothing in a name. Kansas has had speakeasies for thirty years, a speaker says. Well, It still votes bone dry, anyway.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

ANOTHER noted psychologist—and the woods seem to be full of them—announces that if wives took their husbands’ wardrobes in hand, the result would be a general improvement in the appearance of the American male and a probable betterment of the economic situation. That’s a lovely idea. But now will somebody tell us how we are to set about using it? This gentleman may know a lot about wardrobes, but he evidently is rather ignorant when it comes to the nature of the American husband. For if there is one thing under the sun that will set the average man off into a fit, it is having his wife assume too much authority over his raiment. He not only resents inference in this quarter, but s he issues positive orders that say “hands off." The wife who dares invade the masculine clothes closet and give away a four-year-old rag that has hung untouched in the same spot for twenty-four months Ls a rare and courageous creature. And it’s as much as your life is worth to tamper with old hats. If one is missing, that's the identical favorite that he was going to have reblocked. * m * HUSBANDS cling to their old clothes with a passionate tenderness. They exhibit the most profound affection for frayed trousers and shiny coats. If you suggest gently that these are useless, you will be told, in no uncertain terms, that they make grand fishing things. The power that lies within the scope of the American woman is, we are informed, tremendous. She can alter social customs, motivate moral reforms, and even end economic depressions. But let us not be duped into believing that she ever will be powerful enough to persuade a male member of her household to wear his straw hat even one day before the date fixed for that momentous event, or to go to the office in a polo shirt, no matter how torrid the temperature. There are lengths to which even the Intrepid American wife will never go. Taking a husband's wardrobe in hand is on* oX thank <

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M: E; Tracy 1 Says: j

rhe Question of Taxing Brer Hast Little to Do With Morals; It Has Become a Matter of Bookkeeping. YORK, May 17— Depres--1 sion has made a beer tax inevitable. If we were not drinking the beer, it might be different, but we are. Also, we are wise to where the money goes. This futile squirming at Washing- ; ton is Just a smoke screen for prohibition. Politicians still are scared of Wayne B. Wheeler's ghost. They can't believe that the Anti-Saloon League has lost its power, or that j the American public has changed its mind. Politicians invariably dwell in the past. They are the most unoriginal | people on earth. They can’t imagine a reform, or tell when a reform has fizzled. nan lt ! s No Crime THE question of taxing beer has little to do with morals. The vast majority of people al-1 ready has decided that drinking beer is no crime, in spite of the eighteenth amendment. The question of taxing beer has become a mere matter of bookkeeping. As tffings now stand, corrupt politicians collect the tribute, while bootleggers pay no income tx. That is the one great rerson we are confronted with the possibility j of buying a stamp ever time we write a check, of 3-cent letter post-; age, of a levy on automobiles, theater tickets, stock transfers, telephone messages and electric light bills. j inn Argument Fallacious A BEER tax would provide four or five hundred million dollars in revenue for the federal government, would put several hundred thousand people to work, and would relieve countless cops, constables, and deputy sheriffs from the exacting task of steering customers to speakeasies and protecting hooch trucks. Under such circumstances, the plain people refuse to take all this balderdash about the necessity of having to impase so many nuisance t axes as either sensible, or sincere. * * * Farce and Robbery THE great American republic not only is staging a farce, but robbing taxpayers to support It. The expectation of collecting nearly $100,000,000 from syrups and extracts used chiefly in the manufacture of beer reveals the hypocrisy of our attitude. The tax bill recognizes that beer n Is being manufactured and consumed in enormous quantities, yet is presented as a good prohibition | measure because it Jails to name thq finished product. The income tax department hunts 1 down rum runners and beer barons, not because they have violated the Volstead act, but because they have failed to make proper returns regarding the profit they have derived from an illegal business. m m m Ridiculous to Extreme THE government actually has loaned money to grape growers for the purpose of assisting them to make "concentrates.” Then it has prosecuted them for doing t!?e very thing its financial assistance made possible. In this hour of stress, the government is perfectly willing to levyon the raw materials which go into beer, but not on the beer itself. You will go far to find a parallel for this ridiculous situation in history. Its lack of common honesty Is exceeded only by its lack of common sense. It has no connection whatever with robust Puritanism. It can t boast even the strength of narrowness. Those who perpetuate it have no illusions about its falseness. Their one concern is that the part they are playing will help them to win the next election. They are victimized by the horrendous thought that they might alienate a few votes by being straight, that professional dryness ! is necessary to keep the folks back , home in line, even though the folks 1 back home know that It is only a pretense.

m TODAY rL' IS THE- - Vs ‘ WORLD WAR V ANNIVERSARY u. S. TROOPS ON FRONT May 17 ON May 17.1918, it was announced that American troops had taken over British positions in Picardy, where German activity had been greatest since the beginning of the great offensive on March 21. German gunfire was increased In the Lys salient, but military experts predicted that the next German offensive would come in the Chemin des Dames sector, held by the French, where they would try to drive a wedge between the British and French armies. French and American troops in large numbers were being held in reserve behind this sector. Soviet troops recaptured Baku from the Turks after a fierce skirmish.

Daily Thought

To the weak I became as weak, that I might gain the weak: I am made all things to all men. that I might by all means save some.— Corinthians 9:22. Friendship is the greatest honesty and ingenuity in the world.—Jeremy Taylor. Was Robert Browning a college graduate ? i m.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Child Health Affected by Depression

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of thr Amrrlnn Mrdiral Aaaoriation. and of llrreia, the Health Mar*7ine. WE are passing through a period of economic depression in which not only the kind of food that is eaten, but the price of the food, becomes of the greatest significance. Fourteen years have passed since the end of the World war. At a recent meeting of two German organizations interested in hygiene, Dr. George Wolff, head of the department of statistics in the national bureau of hygiene, reported his research on the influence of the war famine on school children in Berlin. Research on 3.778 school entrants showed that the classes starting in

IT SEEMS TO ME

IN a year during which industry lagged and almost everybody was gloomy. It is worth pointing out that one official season is drawing to a highly successful conclusion. The theater has done itself proud. I do not mean that every actor had a job or that many producers made money. But the good playe really were good this year. The public sought out the best, with few exceptions, and there was small disposition in any quarter to get down to the wringing of hands and the wailing cry of "Everything is all over!” I do not, hold at all with those who contend that the depression has been salutary. Stern moralists who look upon sackcloth and ashes as incentives to the good life are singularly unobservant. It seems to me that we have no occasion to pat; one another on the back for either generosity or courage. Tight times have brought about loose thinking rather than otherwise. * * * Sackcloth Becomes Electra BUT I will grant that, on the whole, the theater has benefited from the end of “good time Charlie” days. Lack of funds undoubtedly lias prevented the production of certain worthy works, but Just look at what it has done to keep trash in the upper desk drawer, where it belongs. judgment has been, in most cases, swift and decisive. I do not mean to become a belated convert to the cause of Sirovich and agree that dramatic critics have been too eager to step upon the prostrate bodies. It is the audiences which have been unusually quick in deciding what they liked and what they hated. Never in my long experience nereabouts have people stayed away from the shoddy and the meretricious in such numbers. The reason is obvious enough. When money grew on every bush

What’s in a Name? The answer is a whole lot: History, geography, occupations, relationships, nationality. Your name—your first name, your middle name, your surname—all mean something. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a packet of five of its interesting and informative bulletins on this subject, which will interest every individual human being. The titles are: 1. and family trees. 3. Surnames and their mean2. Given names and their mean- Ings. Inga. 4. Meanings of Indian names. 5. Nicknames and phrases. If you would like this packet of five bulletins, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-30, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want the packet of five bulletins on Names, and inclose herewith 15 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United states postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Barred Out!

1924, 1925 and 1926 were not making the progress in their school work that the classes starting in 1927 and 1928 were making. Wolff ascribes the difference to the fact that the pupils who started in 1924. 1925 and 1926 were born during the years 1917, 1919, in which the nutrition was especially inadequate. This is the first time that, by means of anthropometric statistic* based on a large number of cases, the after-effects of undernutrition on the body development of the generation born during the war famine years have been demonstrated upon the beginning of the admission to school. On the contrary. the classes (hat started school between 1929 and 1931 showed in 1.798 examinees no reduction in size and

ov HEYWOOD BROUN

and shouted, “Come and pluck me!” patrons dropped in upon a play much as they might board a subway. And if the comedy into which they sauntered turned out to be a Bronx local rather than a Broadway express there was no hard feeling. The disappointed spectator as likely as not would smile at the end of a terrible performance and say, “The joke’s on me.’’ But today going to the theater takes on all the glamor of high adventure. In a day of balanced budgets no hoarder is going to seek coveted pasteboards unless he is reasonably sure of an adequate return. Broadway has begun to function under the Darwinian hypothesis, and only the fit survive. nun Short but Not Merry UPON numerous occasions a play has opened on a Thursday and decided to call it a run immediately after the Saturday night performance. That is hard upon the actor, to be sure, out it is beneficial to the public. Few of the really bad plays have lasted long enough to trap more than a handful of unwary. “It had better be good," says Mr. John T. Ticket Buyer, with a steely glint in his eye. After being tossed in a blanket for so jnany years, John finally has his feet upon the ground, and I say, "More Dower to him!” And under the new dispensation a forgotten landmark is in grave danger of being rediscovered. People have begun to find out that there is such a place as a box office. In previous seasons this institution was a sort of false front In which there lived an ogre who thrust his head out of the window and shouted at people with money in their hands to step aside and stop annoying him. Tickets were sold in drug stores and cigar stores and along the aidewalks. Only the naive ever tried to

weight; in fact, there was a slight increase. Following the World war, the mass of the German population endeavored to adapt itself to the changed conditions by keeping families small. Thus there was a decline in the birth rate. Then attempts were made by the use of hygienic advice and the es--1 tabiishment of unemployment and sickness insurance to meet the deficienc'es, but the damage does not. seem to have been warded off completely. The statistics seem to show that | children born during a famine are qualitatively below par all through their school course, that they are unfit to enter at an early age into the labor market, and that the damage to health sustained in such | a period may persist throughout life.

Ideal* and opinion* rxprr**ed in this column are (hose of one of America'* most interestinr writer* and are nrelented withoet retard to their arreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude el this paper.—The Editor.

get them from the theater treasurer in the box office. * * * A Most Imposing List IDO not mean to suggest that everything which has survived beyond a week is necessarily a product of pure genius, but surely no season can be called barren which has offered "Reunion in Vienna,” “Mourning Becomes Electra” (if you like that sort of melodrama), “There's Always Juliet,” “Couasel-lor-at-Law,” "Springtime for Henry," “The Animal Kingdom.” "Os Thee I Sing.” “Face the Music,” j “The Laugh Parade,” “The Warrior's Husband.” “Blessed Event," "The Cat and the Fiddle,’ "Another Language” and "Riddle Me This.” That is a distinguished list for any season, even in piping times of prosperity. Indeed, there are not more than two blanks in the entire list of current attractions. Never have I known a season when the average was so uniformly high. Not only have we had skillful playwriting, but the list of outstanding performances is more impressive than usual, rhe best traditions of the theater are very much alive when it s possible to see Lynn Fontanne and Alfred Lunt in “Reunion in Vienna” and Herbert Marshall and Edna Best in “There's Always Juliet.” It may even oe that in the years to come the period of the panic will also be remembered as the golden age of the theater. I think it's swell just as it is. • Copyright. 1932. by The Time*!

Questions and Answers |

Give the area and greatest altitude of the islands of Luzon and Leyte, in the Philippine group. Luzon contains 49,968 square miles and Leyte contains 2.799 square miles. Mayon, a volcanic peak with an elevation of 8.300 feet, is the highest point on Luzon, and Mt. Sacripante, 3,930 feet, is the highest on Leyte, I* It possible for a man to become a general in the United States army who has never graduated from the milUary academy at West Point? Yes. Not all commissioned officers are graduates of West Point, and once commissioned, an officer, whether a West Pointer or not, may reach the highest rink. What to the subject of the sentence. “Stop, look and listen?" It is an exclamatory phrase, and has no subject. Is there anything in the American Constitution to inhibit the President from leaving the United States during, his term In office? No. What to the capital of Oklahoma? Oklahoma City. What to the area of Fairmount park. Philadelphia? It contains 3.597 acres. What three cities in the world have the largeet area? Greater London, 693 square miles: Los Angeles, 441.1 square miles, and Beriitk 333 square ails*

.MAY 17, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Spontaneous Combustion in Hay and Straw Is Blamed on Microbes. MICROBES are responsible fbr the so-called spontaneous combustion which sometimes sets fire to hay, straw, and other agricultural products, causing an annual loss o! $20,000,000, according to Dr. C. A. Browne, chief of chemical research of the United States department of agriculture. The microbes are of the s°rt known as anaerobic bacteria: that is, bacteria capable of growing without the presence of oxygen. These bacteria, he says, generate chemical compounds which have a great affinity for oxygen. When something happens to expose these compounds to the air, they unite so quickly and violently with the oxygen of the air that the tempera-, ture o.’ the hay or straw is raised to the Ignition point. •‘The reaction is very similar to the spontaneous ignition of a wad of cotton that has previously been coated with a thin film of a highly unsaturated oil, such as that of linseed.” he says. "When hay is properly cured, with free exposure of all its parts to the air, the anaerobic conditions necessary for the formation and accumulation of these unstable intermediary compounds do not exist and the hay can, therefore, be stored away without risk." nun Precautions Urged “ A HAYSTACK that is In a state of active heating never should be opened, except after careful preparation against the immediate outbreak of flames by having at quick disposal suitable fire-fight-ing equipment such as extinguishers. water buckets and so on,” Dr. Browne says. "Numerous examples can be cited of where heating hay. horse manure and so on. has broken out into flames upon exposure to the air. even later repeated drenchlngs with water. "When a heating haystack begins to cool off, the slow, continuous penetration of air into the interior of the pile brings about a gradual oxidation of the unstable reactive compounds of bacterial origin, which rarely is, however. Intensive enough to raise ‘he temperature to the danger point of ignition. “Vastly greater than $20,000,000 a year are the losses in dry substance and nutritive value of agricultural products as a result of spontaneous heating where there is not actual outbreak of fire. "In its initial stages, the spontaneous heating of hay, which always precedes spontaneous ignition, Is the result of oxidation processes produced by enzymes or ferments which occur naturally in all plant materials.” n m u Temperature Rises “QOMEWHERE later,” he continues. "as a result of fermentations produced in the damp hay by bacteria and fungi, the temperature of the fermenting haystack is increased still further to a temperature of 160 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit when all further growth of micro-organisms ceases. “In the great majority of cases, the mass of hay which thus has heated begins slowly to cool down and when It is opened there usually is disclosed no evidences o fire, but only occasional zone. where the hay has darkened as i. result of apparent carbonization. In some instances, however, thee i carbonized zones inclose a burned • out cavity or fire pocket, where an incipient combultion occurred, bui which, from lack of air. wai smothered out and extinglished. "In some rare cases, however, when conditions are exactly favorable and an accidental inrush of air has gained access to a hot pocket, the temperature of the hay may be raised quickly to the point of ignition, when the whole stack or mow of hay will burst into flames. Explanation of the great increase in temperature oetween the death point, 200 degrees, of the micro-organisms which produce fermentation and the Ignition point, 500 degrees, of the hay has given rise to great differences of opinion among scientists. Pyrophoric carbon, pyrophoric iron, spontaneously Inflammable gases (such as phosphine', heat resistant onzymes, auto-oxidation, and many other cases have been suggested as explanations of the phenomena. "Asa result of experiments conducted by the bureau .of chemistry and soils during the past few years the conclusion is reached that none of these explanations is correct.” Who <• head of the Salvation Army? General Edward J. Higgins Queen Victoria street, London, EC4, England.

How many chapters and member* has the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity? How are the members chosen? Students are elected to membership, on the basis of scholarly attainment, without regard to race color, creed or sex. There are one hundred and fourteen chapters, with a total membership of about 58,000, • _________ What was the maiden name of Sinclair Lewis’ present wife? Has he any children? He married Dorothy Thompson in 1928, and he has one son by his divorced wife, Grace Hegger Lewis. What U the oldest city in the world? Damascus, Syria. Do sunken ahips always rest en the bottom? Yea. Does Angora wool grow after it has been cut? No. What proportion of the population of Germany to Roman Catholics? In June, 1925, there were 40,014.677 (64.1 per cent) Protestants and 20.193,334 Roman Catholics. 87.580 other Christians, 564,379 Jews and 1.550.649 adherents of other religions. The population of Germany is 62.348,782 How does Earl Sande pronounce his last name? 1 6an4jr