Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 314, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 May 1932 — Page 4

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/ C ft I e ft J - M otv A 0 t>

The Final Test Public sentiment will support the attitude taken ♦bv Judge Harry Chamberlin and some other candidate* on the Republican ticket who declare that they will have nothing to do with Boas Coffin or any of his friends in the coming campaign. It is regrettable that the brave fight made to create a Republican organization that was above suspicion of any alliance whatever with Cofflnism failed. -Had Ralph Gregg, courageous young lawyer, been fleeted to leadership, the Republican party would have had a much better chance to ftppeal to the independent voter in the fall. While the attitude of Judge Chamberlin has always been known, the conversion of some of the others who are now listed as opposed to the boss has been too recent to be accepted without some scrutiny. The slate of candidates in the primary issued by Coffin indorsed some of those now so listed. There Is a disquieting feeling that some of those publicly announced their stand with Chamberlin, whose reputation for honesty is worth votes to any one who can stand in its shadow, are privately consorting ,with the same old forces. A signed declaration of relentless war against anv boss would be a better test. But the final one will come when these candidates go upon public platforms and pledge themselves to the people to divorce themselves completely from Cofflnism. A real rebellion by candidates on the Republican ticket would go far to end all bossism. Why the Delay? Weeks ago It became known that a large amount of liquor had disappeared from the federal building. That liquor had been confiscated by prohibition agents who are paid by the people to enforce the law. It had been taken, presumably, to keep it from reaching and debauching any citizen, male or female. The amount was given a value in accordance with prevailing bootleg prices of several thousands of dollars. The information in regard to the disappearance of this liquor was rather definite. The amount was a matter of common gossip. There was confirmation •in official circles. There is no doubt that the liquor went for the very purposes to prevent which it had been confiscated by the pay roll boys. But there seems to be a singular lack of any official interest In punishing those who confiscated the confiscated booze. Uncle Sam seems to be able to catch others but not himself when he goes into the bootleg industry. Daily the public watches the procession of small offenders who arc punished for violations of the liquor law. But it is not encouraged by the prosecution of faithless custodians of the “evidence.” If there be no zeal in pursuing this rather scandalous affair, there should be at least an explanation of the delay. Taxation Hardships The federal budget will be balanced with necessary economies and a billion-dollar tax bill. It is certain now that this will be done. There Is disagreement only as to which of reveral economy plans will be chosen, and which of several tax plans will be used —each equally able to balance the budget. Now that the senate is beginning to consider its tax bill, the Scripps-Howard newspapers repeat the editorial statement made when the house tax bill was up last month—namely, that the nuisance taxes and the increased income taxes will not be necessary If beer is legalized and taxed. Every industry and every individual singled out by the pending tax legislation to carry a heavier burden has a right to resent the hypocritical discrimination which lets the bootleg industry’ and the racketeer go un taxed. Chief reason for the federal deficit is that we have .been throwing away tens of millions of dollars yearly in an impossible attempt to enforce an unenforceable law, and at the same time sacrificing the government revenue from liquor which would go so far toward balancing the budget. In offering his amendment yesterday for 4 per cent beer taxed at $6 a barrel, Senator Bingham estimated conservatively that the return to the government would run from $375,000,000 to $500,000,000 a year. Taking the minimum figure of $375,000,000, such a beer tax could be substituted for the following taxes In the pending bill: Ten per cent amusement tax on admissions over 10 cents, $110,000,000. Radio and phonograph tax. $11,000,000. Communications tax, $23,000,000. Besides eliminating all the above taxes, the proposed beer tax would permit reduction of other taxes in the bill as follows: Reduce automobile, truck and accessories taxes to 3, 2 and 1 per cent, respectively. Reduce lubricating oil tax from 4 to 2 cents a gallon. Reduce the proposed 3, 6 and 9 per cent normal income tax rates, to 2, 4 and 7 per cent. Those reductions would amount to $68,000,000. The automobile, amusement and communications industries should be willing—and are willing, we believe—to carry their share of any special burden necessary to balance the budget. But it is unfair and unwise to burden those industries and all income taxpayers with the tax due from the liquor Industry. It is especially unfair and unwise for congress to free the liquor industry from all taxes when a majority of the voters of the country have shown by straw ballot* and official by-elections that the country is predominantly wet. If the beer tax amendment is defeated in the senate, the senators responsible at least will be put on record for the benefit of the citizens who will vote upon some of them next November. New Pension Drive Casts Shadow I Trent the Philadelphia Public Ledr*r' Testifying recently as to the staggering cost of benefits to World war veterans, without reference either to adjusted compensation or to possibility of outright pensions at some future date. General Frank T. Hines, veteran*’ administrator, calculated that it would reach a total of $21,500,000,000 thirteen years hence, or more than half of the total cost of the war itself to the United States. Since the war, the government has expended $6,000,000,000 on veterans' aid. And he predicted that we still would be paying for this war well into the next century. He called attention to the fact that eight widows of the War of 1812 still are on the pension list. Never In the history of this or any other nation has there been such an instance of generous dealing with Its soldiers a* has been afforded by this government's treatment of the veterans of all Jts wars and especially those of the latest and greatest conflict.

The Indianapolis Times (S SCKirrs-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) OwnM wad pabllwbM dslly (except Sunday) by The Indianapolii Times Publishing Cos„ 214 220 West Maryland .Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cent* * copy: elsewhere. 3 rents—del leered by csrrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. S3 a year; outside of Indiana. S3 cents a month. BOYD GCRLir. BOY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Klley MSI , WEDNESDAY. MAT 11. IMS. Member of L'nited Press, Scrlppe-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

It Is pointed out that the Civil war veterans had to wait twenty-five years before they obtained pensions comparable to the disability allowances now received by those of the World war. Spanish-Amer-lcan war veterans waited twenty-two years. But this is not to say that these earlier veterans were neglected. Disability pensions were instituted at the beginning of the Civil war. In 1890 congress passed what was described by the Grand Army of the Republic as “the most liberal pension measure ever enacted by any legislative body in the world.” Number of pensioners of that war increased from 489,000 to 966,000. Effect of the legislation was to place upon the rolls “all ex-soldiers whose her.lth is not practically perfect.” Since then, the previsions have been liberalized greatly for Civil war veterans and widows, and disability pensions have been granted to Spanlsh-American war veterans, with the stipulation that they shall not be required to prove their need for assistance. Herriot Comes Back “If European matters do not interest Americans, why don't they let us alone? “It hardly seems logical that we should be taking orders from the Americans, who disdain our difficulties and take Interest in them only when they think they will prove profitable.” These and similar recent campaign statements by Edouard Herriot are being requoted by the American press, now that the mayor of Lyons is to be premier again. Such quotations, taken alone, seem to make out Herriot a Chauvanist as bad as Tardieu and his extremists. But that is hardly an accurate impression. Eight years ago, when he formed the left bloc government, Herriot was liberal, though not radical in his policies. He angered the Nationalists by agreeing to early withdrawal of French troops from the German Ruhr. He recognized Russia. He Improved relations with the United States. Something of a demagog, perhaps his present campaign tirades against Germany and the United States can be dismissed as a political gesture, made under pressure. That the campaign against him was a hard and dirty one was indicated when the right press and some officials of the Tardieu government tried to capitalize the assassination of President Doumer by calling the killer a Bolshevik. The assassin was well known as a counter-revolu-tionist and Fascist, bitterly hostile to Communism and Moscow. But his misleading propaganda w’as expected to produce enough fear in the electorate to return the Right government to power. The ruse did not work. The fact that it did not w’ork reflects the intelligence of the French voters and their desire for a more temperate government. Herriot s cabinet will be conciliatory. Just how far he will go in modifying French militarism, which is one of the great curses in world affairs today, will depend largely on whether he builds his coalition on the Socialists to the left of him or on the Centrists to the right of him. In any case, with the far eastern mess still boiling dangerously, the world disarmament conference at deadlock, and the entire reparations-debt issue up for international discussion next month, the world will breathe a little easier now that the liberal Herriot is headed for office rather than the amateur dictator Tardieu. Hoosicr Horse Sense Washington, Ind., has a thirty-year-old publicly owned electric light plant that works not only for consumers, but taxpayers. This project enables Washington to get along on the lowest tax rate in Indiana. This rate is 49 cents compared with $1.12 in 1930. The city has no debt.’ There is a $70,000 surplus in the light fund. Besides, the plant's earnings at relatively low rates have added $176,000 to the general fund. Last year, to save interest, the city paid off light plant bonds of $57,000, omc of which do not mature for twenty years. Out of light plant revenues, the city also purchased the local street railway system and operates it with a 5-cent fare. Low’ domestic rates encourage cooking by electricity and onc-third of the city’s homes have electric tanges. Low industrial rates ranging dow’nw’ard from 2 cents per kilowatt hour encourage manufacturing. A lot of stockholders are just where their stocks are—on the curb. If the depression keeps up much longer, enterprising universities will be offering a full four-year course for prospective receivers.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

T AM willing to play fair with my correspondent from -*• the Sunny South on the question of prohibition. To blame all social evils on the eighteenth amendment is not only short-sighted, but fanatical, as she contends. Granting that, however, I shall have to ask her to be equally generous and retract her statement that any woman who works or writes against the dry law is in favor of universal drinking or a return of the saloon. surely between sottishness and complete teetotalism there is some firm middle way for our perplexed souls. Both law anc! license are evils when carried to extremes. There should be a happy medium which can be the goal of intelligent America. Os one thing, however, we must be convinced: Never again can we go back to the state of mind that produced “Ten Nights in a Barroom.” American wives never will knock timidly at the family entrance of liquor dens to beg for the return of inebriated husbands. No matter what we may do with the prohibition law, the man wo hangs out ?n saloon or speakeasy will not come home to lord it. urn* IN this respect there is no going back. The good or bad old days, however we may choose to regard them, are gone forever. It is childish to believe that we can assume again the habits of the 'Eighties in drink or dress. And it is more than folly to contend that with the eighteenth amendment repealed every man would come staggering home and pawn the baby’s shoes for a stein of beer. Or that every wife suddenly would grow submissive and cowering in the presence of her mate, and meekly take in washing to keep the town drunkard in funds. Because, prohibition or no prohibition, the American wife is an independent creature. Statistics indeed show far more homes broken by divorce during the dry era than ever before. • But the liquoj- question has nothing whatever to do with that. Women merely refuse to endure ignominy or abuse at the hands of men, accustom* that was looked upon as very excellent *lj*J the saloon was in its heyday.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

A Little Leadership at Washington Makes the Whole Country Fed More Cheerful. NEW YORK, May 11. The change of atmosphere at Washington show* what a little leadership can accomplish. Congress . Is In a much better mood than it was at this time last week, and the country at large feels much more cheerful. Not that the country at large is looking for a miracle, but that, for the first time in three months, it . has reason to believe that the necessary bills will be passed. The country at large never has regarded the problem of recovery as of partisan character, chiefly because it has had no opportunity to distinguish between partisan plans. Neither party has announced any-* thing like a coherent program. The treasury department has made certain recommendations, which have been amended, modified, or thrown away to make room for substitutes by various congressional committees. Asa general proposition, party alignments have gone to smash at the most critical moment. The result has been confusion, rather than clean-cut cleavage. The country has had little chance to form opinions in accord with party allegiance. n a 9 Hoover Tells Story THERE is probably a larger percentage of footloose voters in ihe United States than there ever was before in the month of May j preceding a national election. Under ordinary circumstances, depression would have turned them against the party in power, but the circumstances are far from ordii nary. j This is one depression in which ; the whole world shares. People are not quite sold on the idea that any single government could have prevented it. much less any political . party. They believe that certain : changes in policy might have helped. About the only thing they are agreed on is that the federal bud- ; get should be balanced, partly | through increased taxes and partly through a cut in expenses. They have been disappointed and alarmed by the inability of congress ! to move faster. The strength of President Hoover’s ; recent message lies largely in the! fact that it expressed what was j uppermost in the public mind. nun And the Country Suffers POLITICIANS have tried to approach the campaign along orthodox lines, and who can blame them? It is beyond human nature j to forsake time-honored methods of doing a given job until, or unless, it becomes absolutetly necessary. To the average politician, this was just one more election, calling for funds, clubs and ballyhoo, with congress expected to furnish a large portion of the latter. In spite of all the co-operation smush last fall, there was a more or less definite idea on the part of Democrats not to make things overly comfortable for the Hoover administration, while the Republicans were equally anxious to prevent the Democrats from stealing any thunder that might arise as a by-prod-uct of helpful legislation. Naturally enough, jockeying for advantage became the major objective. while the country suffered from lack of action. nun Platform Will Count PRESIDENT HOOVER has gone a long way toward setting things right, and it will be very hard to rob him of the credit, though Democrats can do a great deal for their party by falling into line. In this connection, both Democrats and Republicans would do well to remember that the election is j likely to be won on issues and arguments which have little more than ! an indirect bearing on the depression. What the footloose voters are waiting to learn is how the parties stand on such things as prohibition, power, graft and foreign trade. This is one of those rare occasions on which the platform may count for more than the candidate. What is the origin of the names Philippines and Filipino? Filipino, the name applied to natives of the Philippine Islands, is derived from the Spanish name of their country, Islas Filipinas. The islands are named in honor of King Philip II of Spain, whose reign extended from 1527 to 1598. What Is the origin of the name Alamo? It is a Spanish word meaning poplar or cottonwood. The old Ft. I Alamo in Texas took its name from a grove of cottonwoods. How did the shortened form Xmas for Christmas originate? The X as a symbol of the cross! or of Christianity was substituted; for Christ as a shortened form of : the word Christmas. What does th ename Volz mean? It is a German family name, meaning “of the people." What is the antonym of misogynist? Neogamist. j

Learn How to Reduce But It Is possible to correct those defects of figure where nature—or perhaps habits of eating—have put more flesh than is needed. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a bulletin on methods of Reducing Particular Parts of the Body—suggestions for exercise to reduce ankle and lower leg, the hips and thighs, the waist and abdomen, the upper arm and shoulder, the neck, etc. If there is too much of that “too. too solid flesh” somewhere, this bulletin will help correct the fault. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 171, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin REDUCING PARTICULAR PARTS OF THE BODY, end Inclose herewith 5 cents In coin, on loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Time*. (Code NoJ

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Charge ‘Bad Jaw’ to Mouth Breathing

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Ifvcrla, the Health Macazine. RECENTLY, English physicians have been agitated by a discussion of the effects on the English face of breathing through the mouth. For years adenoids have been removed because they interfere with proper breathing through the nose, and because they are associated with other infections. Among the charges particularly made against the adenoids is the charge that they are associated with deformity of the face known as “adenoid face,” in which the nose is thin and poorly developed, the teeth irregular, with the upper teeth protruding, the mouth open, and the expression vacant. Asa result of constant breathing through the mouth, the plate is

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE Democrats have assured themselves of one thing, at any rate. They are going to put on a good show in Chicago. And it is evident that it will not be necessary to consult a speculator to get aisle seats for the Republican gathering. That performance already is doomed to cut rates. Drive of Franklin Roosevelt for the Democratic nomination has been slow’ed, rather than stopped, and if he is defeated at least will have the consolation prize of being able to veto the claims of any contender who led to his undoing. In fact, the chances for a good oldfashioned deadlock grow. The final choice may not come until Roosevelt, Smith, Gamer, Senator Lewis, and* a few others have been eliminated. These gentlemen first must cut one another's throats and then sit down in amity to discuss just w’hich man within the ranks they hate the least. nun A Dark Horse Squadron SHORT conventions and long conventions make for bad candidates. Steam rollers and battle royals generally produce a citizen of the weaker sort. Mr. Hoover’s managers would be shrewd to foment a little factionalism to let the Great Engineer have a chance to show his stuff. The candidate who wins the nomination in a walk quite frequently has some difficulty in working himself up to a gallop for the election. Among the Democrats, anything can happen. It generally does. Some obscure American who never has seen his name on the first page even now may be polishing a Cross of Gold speech which will put him into headlines. Since the race is wide open and none of us is safe, I do not think it premature for me to say that I am not even a receptive candidate and that I will refuse the nomination if proffered. And I mean positively. But it long has been my contention that the newspaper profession has had insufficient representation in politics. For the most part legislative halls and executive chambers

Ps-s-t — Ps-s-t —Back of You!

high and the lower jaw poorly developed. Now, Dr. T. B. Layton argues that this type of face is not due to adenoids or mouth breathing, but must be the result of some other forces wHich gradually have tended to produce the appearance in the English species. The famous British anthropologist, Sir Arthur Keith, has suggested that it may be associated with some dietary fault or generally poor hygiene. Nevertheless, many British physicians are convinced that the condition is wholly due to mouth breathing and to failure to secure proper closing of the jaws and teeth. There seems to be no question that long-continued nasal obstruction during early life will interfere

are overpopulated by lawyers. I never have thought that they excelled as lawmakers. n tt a Cross' Qualifications THIS convention wisely might follow the Wilsonian tradition and draft another professor as its standard bearer. Governor Cross of Connecticut has not been seriously mentioned, but he would make an excellent candidate, and his qualifications of heart and mind entitle him to serious consideration. He is better equipped for the job than most of the men who have been prominent in battle for the nomination. In the realm of journalism. I can think of two names which the Democrats would do well to bear in mind. James Cox of Ohio was badly beaten when he ran, but I think that most Americans are ready by now to admit that the result of that election was a major tragedy in national politics. The voters might be anxious to make amends. And it must be said that even in defeat Mr. Cox emerged from the campaign with credit. He was bold and forthright in championing the League of Nations, and surprisingly courageous on the prohibition issue at a time when popular sentiment had not yet begun to swing against the drys. tt tt tt Entirely My Own Idea OF course, the claims of Cox have had some consideration. He would be a bay horse rather than a dark one. My next suggestion to the Democrats is a pure gift and entirely my own idea. No one. to the best of my knowldge and belief, has put forward the next name

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

What is the method now used for taking deep sea soundings? It is the echo method, consisting, of an electric transmitting unit 1 which sends sound vibrations through the water ,and as they re-! bound from the ocean's floor they are registered on a receiver in the ship. The depth of the watr is determined by noting the laps of time between the sending and receiving m TODAY s® Cl IS THE- - VP ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY HUSHES PROPAGANDA —May 11— ON May 11, 1918, George Leygues, French minister of marines, made a statement in the chamber of deputies which denied Germany’s claim of tremendous | losses to allied shipping. Leygues declared that the total allied tonnage sunk bV German submarines in the preceding five months was 1,648.662, and not the amount claimed by Germans, which was released as more than 3,000,000 tons. He said further that the number lof submarines sunk by the allies was greater than Germany's output. Italy, expecting a concerted movement from the Austrians along her front, decided on a push of her : own, and penetrated, advanced - Austrian positions on Monte Carno.

with ths normal growth of the face and jaws. Mouth breathing interferes with normal chewing of food. A person can not chew and breathe at the same time. The editor of the Medical Press and Circular, a well-known British publication, points out that the socalled “hatchet” face is characteristic of many Britishers, but is passed unnoticed by the native population. He is convinced that this defective development is due to inadequate exercise of the gums in chewing, consequent on the softness of British cereal diets. The British diet, he asserts, is excessive in cereals and in starches, and he is inclined to place the blame for the so-called adenoid face on the diet as well as on the adenoids.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

which I wish to suggest to the convention. And that is curious, for the individual in question has attracted wide attention through his clear and articulate comments on current economic and political problems. i do not think he is in grave danger of being chosen, and I have no means of knowing his votegathering capacity, since he never has run for anything, although he once held a minor political po • to which he was appointed. Even those who do not agree with his point of view on public affairs must admit that his position nearly always is w’ell considered and founded on an intelligent grasp of the facts. I think that many people will agree with me in the assertion that he is a more profound student of national and international affairs than any of the Democrats for whom delegates have been instructed. I refer, of course, to Walter Lippmann of the New York Herald-Tribune. From a realistic point of view, there isn’t the slightest chance of anything like that happening. I should have qualified my opinion that the coming Democratic convention will be wide open. When politicians get together to choose a candidate, they may surprise themselves and the general public. But they always choose a politician. (Coovrtßht. 1932. bv The Times)

Daily Thought

My punishment is greater than I can bear.—Genesis 4:13. Brief is sorrow, and endless is joy.—Schiller.

of the signals. It operates like a clock. Where are the leading zoo* of the United States located? New York. Philadelphia, Washington <D. C.), St. Louis. Detroit, Chicago, Cincinnati and San Diego, Cal. How should monkevs be kept and fed? They should be kept warm and dry and free from draft, with plenty of room for exercise. The die should be varied as much as possible and consist of bread, vegetables, fruit, greens and perhaps

Rare Coins You often run across an unfamiliar-looking piece of United States money. You want to know whether or not it has value to a coin collector. Our Washington bureau has a bulletin that will tell you. It contains descriptions and catalog values of many rare American coins, with much other useful Information on coins. If you want this bulletin, fill out the coupon below and mall as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 173, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin RARE COINS and Inclose herewith 5 cents In coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and No City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinion! expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without retard to their srreement or dlsaxreement with the edltorlsl attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

LMAY 11, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Trepanning TUa/t Practiced With Success by Indians of Sew World Before Columbus' Day. THE Indians of the new world were skilled in at least one type of surgery before the coming of Columbus. They successfully practiced the method of drilling the skull known variously as “trepanning" or | “trephining.” For many years anthropologists have been aware of the fact that this operation was performed in prehistoric times in the old world. Frequently ancient skulls are found with one or more holes drilled in them. The condition of the cuts indicate that the patient survived the operation and lived for many ' years thereafter. It has been assumed that the opI eration was performed as a cure for disease, perhaps as a means of releasing supposed evil spirits. Now Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, curator of physical anthropology of the Smithsonian Institution, has discovered from an extended observation of ' skulls in the United States National Museum at Washington that the Indians of the Andes were skilled in j these types of operations. He comes to the conclusion that . the operations were not performed as a sort of magic, but as emergency treatment required as a result of wounds received in battle. nun From Asia DR HRDLICKA believes that the American Indians entered : the new world by way of Alaska from Siberia about 15.000 years ago. He believes, therefore, that the art of trephining may have been i brought in from Asia. “The greatest development of this | art,” he says, “came in the mountainous country of what are now j Peru and Bolivia, where many battles were fought with slings, clubs and stone and copper maces. “The most frequent wounds were cracked skulls. Bits of bone would be pressed against the brain. The practice or the surgeons was to clear out the splintered or depressed area and relieve the pressure. “This often required removing rather large segments of the skull. “Then the brain, relieved of restraint at this point, would push outward. The Indian surgeons in such cases developed the art of fitting the holes in the skull with shell, gourd, and sometimes silver plates, to prevent the dangerous i brain hernia. “They performed clean operations, skillfully smoothing off any sharp or jagged edges of the hole they made. They apparently did not actually touch the brain itself, stopI ping just short of it. This must have required considerable practice.” Dr. Hrdlicka Sound in his collecj tions a few skulls where the wounds j showed no healing and there was i other evidence to indicate that the j operations were performed after 1 death. These, he believes, probably were practice operations. nun Anesthetic Used IT is difficult to believe," Dr. Hrdlicka continues, “that such painful operations as the trephinings in question, some of which took a long time, could have been performed while the patient was fully conscious. “It indicates that some sort of anesthetic was used, probably some narcotic which rendered the victim insensible to pain. ‘ The wounds show astonishingly fev/ traces of infection. This indicates that some sanitary precautions must have been taken and that antiseptic lotions, powders, or ointments were used. “Several of these, made from native herbs, w’ere, it is known, familiar to the Indians. There apparently was a fair knowledge of anatomy among some of the aboriginal medicine men, gained empirically from handling of patients, as well as of animals. “The operations were performed with stone, obsidian and copper Instruments, by cutting, sawing, scraping and drilling. “In scraping, which was often extensive, the surgeon would go through the outer and middle layers of the skull without touching the inner compact layer which lay next to the membranes of the brain. “Where a larger area of bone was to be removed, it was customary to cover the space with criss-cross cuts and then to pry out the pieces of bone, one after another. “Some of the skulls show two, three, or even more such operations, evidently performed at intervals of years. In general, the wounds show’ good healing, which Indicated that the patient survived and lived long after”

an occasional bit of cooked meat. Some smaller monkeys are fond of Insects such as grasshoppers and cockroaches. 9re quicksilver and mercury the same? Yes. I* Gene a feminine or masculine name? Both. It is a shortened form of Eugenia and of Eugene. Ha* cabbage a greater food value than sauerkraut? The food value of sauerkraut 1* 120 calories per pound and cabbage has 145 calories.