Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 308, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 May 1932 — Page 6

PAGE 6

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Our Latest Laws The supreme court, with it* usual quiet, has made over important segments of our economic and political life this week. But Oliver Wendell Holmes' char, acterlzation of the court as a "storm center” is borne out fully by the close divisions on the major controversial questions decided. The court refused to modify the 1920 packers' consent decree, to allow the 12.vy0.000.000 meat-packing industry to enter into distribution and wholesaling of groceries. Justice Cardozo, in the majority opinion, pointed out that modification would handicap the present distributors and wholesalers against competitors so huge that regulation would be difficult. Justices Butler and Vandevanter dissented from the four Justices of the majority. Justices Hughes, Sutherland and Stone refrained from participation. In the field of civil liberties, Justice Cardozo, the newest member, and successor to the great Holmes, appeared again as spokesman for the liberals, holding Invalid the second attempt of Texas to bar Negroes from voting in Democratic primaries for state office—the only real contests in that state. Chief Justice Hughes and Justice Roberts, 1930 appointees. Joined with the liberals to knock out the law by a 5-to-4 vote. Justices Mcßeynolds, Vandevanter. Sutherland and Butler, the die-hard conlervaUvcs, dissented. Unfortunately for the Negroes of Texas, however. Cardozo. in holding that the legislature unconstitutionally authorized the state Democratic committee to bar Negroes, left a loophole which undoubtedly will be used by the lilywhites of the state, in the form of racial disbarment through action by the state convention. Justice Brandeis, in the court's unanimous opinion rejecting the senate’s ouster suit against Chairman George Otis Smith of the. federal power commission, based the ruling on the constitutional question of the President's authority to administer an oath, once he formally is notified of an appointee's confirmation by the senate. The outrageous action of the power commission in discharging faithful public servants which caused the senate to bring this suit, was not involved technically. In the field of criminal law, Alphonse Capone, chief of Chicago's vice, murder, and liquor law violators, was denied a review by the court of his eleven-year sentence for failing to divide his profits with the government through the income tax. The gangster thought his soup kitchens should offset the income tax. The court cut squarely across prohibition in two other unanimous decisions. Justice Mcßeynolds, in outlawing a warrantless seizure of corn whisky in a Baltimore man's garage, based on a prohibition agent's sniff, decreed: ‘•Prohibition officers may rely on a distinctive odor as a physical fact Indicative of possible crime; but its presence alone does not strip the owner of a building of constitutional guarantees against unreasonable search.” How different this attitude from that of the five ronservative justices who upheld wire-tapping by prohibition agents a few years ago! In a series of automobile and ship seizure cases, the court ruled that customs laws for confiscation, which do not protect the innocent lien-holder's interest, may be used by the government, instead of the Volstead act’s provision protecting such interest, where attempts at illegal importation have been made.

Welcome, Alice! Mr?. Reginald Liddell Hargreaves, the original ••Alice'' of Lewis Carroll's inspired nonsense, has arrived in the United States to help Columbia university commemorate the birth of the famous Oxford don, 100 years ago. To the little English lady, 80 yeans old Wednesday, this country must appear as another wonderland. As she travels about, things will seem to her “curiouser and curtouser.” Doubtless, rich New York will resemble another “pool of tears’’ like the one which almost drowned her as a ltttle girl; the conversations there much like the sage* debates between the mad hatter and the March hare. Congress may remind her of Father William who, in spite of his age, could balance an eel on the tip of his nose. If she stays over to watch the two big party conventions in Chicago, will she think of the, little fat men, Tweedle Dum and Tweedle Dee, who couldn't point the way out of the woods 1 The fate of many Americans may recall that "little walk and little talk" the walrus and the carpenter took with their guests, the oysters, which ended so sadly for the latter; and the appetites of certain of our bankers will remind her that during the meal—- " The carpenter said nothing but •Cut us another slice. I wish you were not quite so deaf; I've had to ask you twice.’"* It’s a very mad tea party to which we've invited the grown-up Alice. Farmers or Peasants? If American fanners, once possessors of the nation, are not to be turned into peasants, their taxes must be reduced and their buying power restored. Renick W. Dunlap, assistant secretary- of agriculture, says that an American farmer now must toll one year out of every five just to pay taxes! In certain regions, taxes are so high that farmers must buy their own farms back every nine years to keep them out of the sheriff s hands. Agriculture s total annual tax burden is more than $1,000,000,000, or nearly $3,000,000 a day. No other industry carries such a load. While the farmer's taxes have gone up 228 per cent since 1914. his buying power has been cut in half. The things he sells bring him 59 cents, as compared with a dollar in 1914; the things he buys cost $1.14. compared with the 1914 lr. iex of sl. Results, of course, are devastating. More than 100.000.000 acres recently have gone into public ownership through tax delinquencies. For example, in 1927. nearly one-fourth of an area of seventeen counties in Wisconsin was put under the hammer because of delinquent taxes; in Mississippi, Senator Howell told the senate, 60.000 farms or one-fourth of the state * farm area, have been put up at sheriff s sale*. Many of those who remain on the land resort to barter. In some sections, farms are reverting to conditions comparable with city slums. Remedies lie in social action. States, counties and cities should not wait for the federal government to do aU the economizing. Since they account for 70 per cent of tax burdens, they should apply economy and efficiency, consolidate duplicating functions, enlarge township districts, and county units, cut useless expenses, driv* out grafters and wasters, adopt systems comparable to the city manager plaa More of the tax burden should be taken from real

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPB-HOHAHD NEWSPAPER) Own*<l nod publish'd doily (except Sunday) by Tho Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 21 220 West Maryland Street, fndianai olla. Ind. Price In Marion County, 2 cent* a copy: elsewhere. 3 centa—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mall aubacripUoa rate* la Indiana. S3 a year: eutsida of Indiana. to cents a month. BOVDMjnRLBT. ROY W HOWARD?” EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—alley SSBI WPHHRPAT. MAT 4. HU Member of United Press, Rcrlppe-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Aaaociatlon. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circnlationa. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

estate and shifted to properly graduated incomes, estate and gift taxes. President Hoover, at the Richmond conference of Governors, showed the unequal burden now borne by real estate. Also, by legalizing and taxing, liquor budgets c*.n be balanred without slashing education and other essential functions. Finally, the spread between the fanner's buying and selling power can be narrowed by reducing the high tariff by which he was goldbrieked in 1930. By doing nothing, we must ait by and watch America's independent farmers become serfs. The Pension Bill With a swoop and a dash, again demonstrating the effectiveness of the veterans’ lobby, the house of representatives has voted to add from ten to fifteen million dollars to the nation's expense during the worst year of the depression. It did this by the overwhelming score of 316 to 16. And, to provide a touch of irony, it picked as its time a breathing spell in its economy session. It jammed this through under a suspension of the rules and a forty-minute limit in debate. On April 18, Talcott Powell, in one of his series on the cost of veterans’ relief, described in detail precisely this customary technique of the veterans’ lobby. He wrote: 'Bills favorably reported usually pass under suspension of the rules, which limits debate and forbids amendments from the floor.” The bill, which not only adds from ten to fifteen millions to federal expense for the year, but represents a commitment of many, many times that number of millions for the years to come, is running true to form and to schedule. There has been much bewailing of lack of leadership and of efficiency in these dark times. But there is no lack of either in operation of the veterans’ lobby. Its performance is perfect. The pension bill adds another chapter to the already long list of departures from the original relief plan, the essence of which was to take cars of cases arising from direct service casualties. Pensions for widows and orphans of men killed in the war have been in effect for years. This measure makes eligible widows and orphans of veterans who have died since the war and who die in the future, provided a childless widow's annual income outside of daily labor is less than 1250 and the income of orphans or widows with children is not more than S4OO. This despite the cold fact of a nation, already billions of dollars in the hole, actually increasing expense since the depression started, and that happening while its taxpayers’ capacity to pay has dwindled at an ever-accelerating rate. No business and no individual can survive on declining income and increasing costs—and neither can a government. The problem is: What can this country afford? Our budget is unbalanced. We are spending more than we take in. The end of that is destruction. It therefore is imperative that we stop the spending of millions with such a nonchalant wave of the hand as the house of representatives gave on Mond-g.-, when the latest pension bill was passed. The “Nation” Goes Wet And now it's Oswald Garrison Villard’s ’’Nation” that joins the swelling chorus with an editorial obligato: “Repeal the Eighteenth Amendment.” For years the Nation has held stubbornly to its dry faith. Its view was not that of the bigots, but that of liberals who thought prohibition would clear the brains of the working men and increase the purchasing power of the messes. Now it sees that the law’s enforcement is hopeless and that “conditions steadily have grown worse.” It sees the President tossing aside his own Wickersham commission's wet report and remaining “oblivious to growing corruption, growing defiance to the fundamental law, and the Constitution itself.” His successor. The Nation thinks, will do no better. "Under the circumstances, what else is there left but to ask for repeal?” Villard urges congress forthwith to vote a substitute amendment abolishing the offending eighteenth, and to call upon the states to ratify the change at especially called conventions. When steel went off the dividend for its common stock, it broke a precedent of seventeen years’ standing. Stockholders are unanimously aga nst following the new precedent that long. La Guardia says the stock market is crooked! Something will have to be done about him. Next he’ll be telling us that wrestling matches are fixed.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

THE most exciting news from the annual meeting j of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Washington is the bulletin giving us a description of the seven evening gowns worn duiing the week by Mrs. Lowell Fletcher Hobart, retiring president- j general. In vain do we scan the papers for any new item from headquarters. In vain do we search for any evidence of progress in the thinking of the committee women. The same wearisome rigamarole comes from the sacred portals. Ban on Russian goods; restriction: of immigration: urgent encouragement for ft better and bigger navy. And the same old warnings about disloyalty; the same ghost stories about the red peril; I and the same appeal for a return to the principles of George Washington. In the midst of the most fateful crisis this country has faced since slavery, when men and women are seeking for a way out of chaos and for some plan that, will stabilize industry and give hope to the people, we witness the dear daughters, seif-ap-pointed guardians of our traditions, repeating their pretty prattle of the past. They chant in unison their lessons conned from the dead pages of history, lauding all its deadliest mistakes. Their vision of what America is. and what it could be, is no longer than their own wellpowdered noses. mam THESE women, who in every case are representative citizens of their communities, can give us, as a result of a whole year's endeavor, nothing new save the evening gowns of Mrs. Hobart. This sight is one of the saddest on recqpd. It is a blasting commentary, too, upon the apathy of American leaders to the ominous facts that are arising to strike them in the face. Influential, generally sincere and high bred as most of the daughters undoubtedly are, an effort to maintain a complete mental standstill Is the organization’s most outstanding trait. The World war, the anguish of England, the crises in Germany, the unrest in Indii, the slaughter in Manchuria, the great experiment in Russia, even our own long bread lines, can not move them from their monumental complacency. The Ira is a provincialism of the spirit that is worse than ignorance. For. having eyes, they see not. Is it possible that the intelligent members of this group longer will remain pawn* in this dangerous medieval game played by their traders while America muddles through—to what? \

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M: E. Tracy Says:

This Nation’s Credit Is Not Inexhaustible, Nor Has Its Stability Been Guaranteed by Providence. NEW YORK. May 4.—lt looks as though w were headed for inflation, not of a studied, reasonable sort that might be of some benefit, but of the half-baked, eleventh-hour variety that knows no restraint, once it gets started. We dream of pegging dollars at the 1926 level, of bringing prices and wages back by the magic wand of legislation. Bad as times may be, they are not bad enough to convince politicians that retrenchment is necessary. except in homeopathic doses. The idea of increased revenue through taxation still is taken much more seriously as a buck-passing game than as an emergency measure. Those who want to escape payment, or hold their jobs are making nine-tenths of the noise. Every special tax and every item of economy thus far proposed has brought forth an outcry, but the proposition of putting the government on a sound financial basis stirs little interest. n * m A Case of Folly IT is strange that we should feel as we do, with the spectacle of Europe before our eyes, with an international moratorium in force, and half the civilized world unable to meet its debts. Have men learned nothing from the collapse of public securities abroad? Do they imagine that this country has grown so great as to be an exception to the operation of economic laws? There Is no human institution so secure that it can not be' undermined by human folly. Three years ago, we all were obsessed with the idea that some of our great corporations were unshakable; but look at the stock market report. m m m Still Must Use Wits NOTHING has occurred to relieve men of the necessity of using their wits. We are in possession of no machine that will run itself, no system that can withstand neglect. Rich and powerful as this government of ours is, still it requires the wide-awake, conscientious service of its citizens, particularly of those selected to run it. Its credit is not inexhaustible and its stability has not been guaranteed by providence. M * * Guard Nation First AT W O - BILLION -DOLLAR deficit may not sound very alarming for a nation estimated to be worth three hundred billion, but coming on top of a thr< e-year depression, an international moratorium, and a 50 per cent slump In trade and profit, it is not to be taken lightly. Certainly, such a situation calls for more than the indiscriminate appropriation of public funds for those who may, or may not, need help, or futile wrangling over inconsequential items of thrift. It should be apparent to even the dullest mind that the nation is of more importance than any group, or clique within the. nation, and that its interests should be safeguarded first. m m m Must Maintain Credit NO one can quarrel with the idea of trying to be just- to every group of citizens, whether from the standpoint of economy or taxation, but that idea must be subordinated to the manifest needs of the country. After all, the real problem is to maintain public credit and public confidence. It is not an easy problem. It includes disappointment and sacrifice all along the line. Meeting a situation like that which confronts the United States calls for the same kind of cooperation as war. There is no way in which people can buy themselves into prosperity; no way in which public credit can be strained beyond certain limits, without the risk of smashing it; no way in which inflation can be made to take the place of productive work wtthout cheap money as the result.

Daily Thought

Say to them that Ire of a fearful heart. Be strong, fear not: behold, your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompence: He will come and save you.—lsaiah, 35:4. The best thing which we derive from history is the enthusiasm that it raises in us.—Goethe. George Washington declined to accept a salarv while he was President of the United States, but in order not to establish a precedent he accepted of the $25,000 appropriated enough to cover his expenses. The salary of the President remained at $25,000 until Grant’s second term, March 3, 1873, when it was increased to $50,000; in the second session of the sixtieth congress the salary was fixed at $75,000, during the administration of President Taft. The salary at present is $75,000 a year with an allowance for traveling expenses.

Your Childs Diet Training the child in correct habits of eating; seeing that it. gets the proper proportions of various kinds of foods; and guarding against, malnutrition, which may effect all the child's future life, is an important problem for mothers. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a bulletin on FOOD FOR THE CHILD, that tells how to form proper habits of eating, and explains diets that prevent malnutrition. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: — CLIP COUPON HERE Dept.. 175. Washington Bureau. THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES. 1322 New York Avenue, Washington. D. C I want a copy of the bulletin FOOD FOR CHILDREN and enclose herewith five cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled, U. S. postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME ST. & NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times (Code No.)

Looks Like Somebody Is Going to Take a Walk!

DAILY. HEALTH SERVICE Vaccination Proves Successful

This la the third of a series of six articles hr Dr. Flshheln on “I’onr Child's Health.” Others will follow daily. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the Amerlran Medical Association and of Hxtela. the Health Macatine. THE laws of most state* and municipalities now demand that the child be vaccinated successfully against smallpox before it is permitted to enter school. There is plenty of evidence from all over the world to indicate that smallpox vaccination actually protects against the disease. Millions of people have been vaccinated successfully without harm. Nowadays the child also should be given the benefit of immunization against diphtheria with toxinantitoxin or with toxoid. Here also millions of children have had the prevention without harm, and the scientific records show definitely that the death rates and the amount of illness from diphtheria are decreasing steadily. Today these are the two methods of inoculation against disease which are established fully and which well may be recommended as routine for every child.

IT SEEMS TO ME BY II BROUN )D

CHARLES SMITH, president of American Association for the Advancement of Atheism, just has won a court victory which seems to me extremely harmful to the cause which he represents. Mr. Smith was arrested after a ! New- York street corner meeting on j the ground that he had violated a i city ordinance w-hich prohibits preaching without a license. The court of special sessions affirmed the conviction, but this decision has just been reversed by the court of appeals. I assume that Mr. Smith, like all ardent evangelists, cared less about the penalty than the principle of the thing. He based his defense upon the contention that the ordinance in question applied only to religious teaching, and the highest court of the state of New York upheld him by deciding that the statute in question "does not include the attempt of the defendant to show that for centuries the majority of us have been wrong." M M M Disowning Natural Kin ON th* face of it, this sounds like a victory for free speech and freedom of assembly, but a litj tie scruity will show that it is pre- ■ cisely the opposite. Preachers are bound by special prohibitions, such | as that forbidding unlicensed street corner worship, only because they are the recipients of peculiar legislative favors. If Mr. Smith were to establish a temple upon Filth avenue in New York for services in which to deny the existence of a Creator, he would not be allowed to claim tax exempj tion, on the ground that this was a religious edifice. And it seems to me that he should make his fight along these lines. He j ought to claim for himself the same status and the same disabilities as obtain in the case of disseminators jof the more orthodox faiths. Fundamentally. atheism is a religion. Denial is just as positive an act as affirmation. The individual w-ho gets a “call"

] There are other methods which are used sometimes In prevention of serious epidemics. The inoculation against scarlet fever has been proved to be practicable. However, epidemics of scarlet fever are infrequent and Inoculation is not recommended unless special danger exists. We have learned to protect children against many infections by making inspections and by putting the ohild with an infectious disease promptly out of circulation. In most good schools children with coughs, colds, and sneezing are promptly sent home. A child ' with fever has no business in school. The appearance of any unusual eruption on the skin should cause the mother to seek promptly the attention of a physician, so that a proper diagnosis may be made and other children protected. m m m GOOD habits of hygiene, such as previously have been referred j to, include plenty of rest, suitable exercise in the sunlight and the outdoor air, a proper diet and atI tention to the teeth, the tonsils and i the adenoids.

to go out and tell the world that there is no God is just as much a missionary as the man who believes that China will be lost unless it is converted to Methodism. It is not within my purpose or power to prove which one is right. For the sake of the record, I may as well set down the fact that I am not myself either a Methodist or an atheist. But in saying this I am merely seeking to establish my own neutral *position. I recognize the right of both the yea and the nay sayers to full, free and fervent expression of their opinion. The fanatic on either side may turn out to be a nuisance no end, and yet our discomfort is not sufficient reason for the imposition of any curb. mam Both Are Proselyters IF sheer ardor is the test of the religious nature, I can testify from personal experience that the embattled atheist can seize upon a buttonhole and cling to it with just as much tenacity as any Billy Sunday. These gentleman are playing the opposite side of the street from the clergy, but it is the same street, and I do not understand why they should be so eager to deny their cousinship with the dominies. When I was young and strictly brought up, I was much impressed by an argument which now seems to me fallacious. I was told that if a man lost all religious faith, that was his privilege, but that it was cruel of him to attempt to break down the comfortable and sustaining beliefs which solaced the misery of others. That is not a fair statement of the case, for the rampant atheist will contend with you till the dawn or later that dogmatic creeds do not bring joy into the world, but only apprehension, suffering, and sorrow. All generalizations are incorrect. I have know religious views to make for peace and contentment in certain cases and to be a scourge and a torment in other instances. It, depends upon the dogma and upon the individual.

Freethinker Can Be Merry ON the other hand there is no truth at all In the notion that all unbelievers are crabbed, cynical and bitter folk, taking a perverse pleasure in the business of converting disciples int their own defeatism. Certain atheists of my acquaintance are filled with a righteous glow as they proceed busily about their missionary work. They get just as much sense of blessedness out of ‘ unmasking” or "expoeing" the Bible as anybody in a pulpit seems to derive out of expounding it. It is entirely erroneous to assume that there are no martyrs except Christian ones. I haven't a doubt that Mr. Smith gladly would embrace an opportunity to be thrown to the lions for what he believes. Or. rather, what he dcesnt believe. But it is not neceasary to build the case upon any individual instance. In Russia w* have a large-

This also will aid greatly in cutting down the amount of infectious diseases. When a child has been ill with any of the usual Infections of childhood, such measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough or mumps, or with some of the rarer but more serious conditions, it will, of course, require special attention. Above evrything. however, it is important to keep the child in bed long enough after it has recovered from the acute condition to make certain that its body is free from infectious discharges of any kind. Prevention of disease is today as important as cure. It is an economic measure for every community which puts it into effect. One of the most important factors in routine prevention is regular examination of the child, perhaps in its birthday, to provide for control of conditions before they become serious. In the long run, money spent for prevention is far better spent than that paid for cure. NEXT: Defects in children.

Ideal* and opinion* expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interestlnr writers and are presented witboet retard to their agreement or dlsaereement with the editorial attitudo of this naper.—The Editor.

scale demonstration of the persuasiveness of a secular religion. It can even take unto itself all the bigotry of affirmative dogma. There are heresies in negation as well as avowal. The familier advice that every one of us should seize upon some belief which he can espouse with passion doesn't cover enough ground. It is possible to live, on this earth at least, a full, complete and happy life upon the basks of fervency in doubt and denial. (Coovrieht. 1932, bv The Times)

M TODAY IS THE- vs / WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

GERMAN ATTACK FAILS May 4 ON May 4, 1918. a German attack on Locon was repulsed, with heavy losses. British and French forces in Picardy continued heir local counter attacks, improving their positions at Meteren and at Locre, after sharp fighting. American troops in the Lorraine sector raided the German lines and penetrated to the third line of defense near Holloville. A French shell was reported to have disabled the last of the longrange German guns which had been shelling Paris since the start of the great German drive on March 21. The United States senate adopted the sedition bill, permitting the government to punish disloyal acta and utterances for the duration of the wag. Berlin dispatches said that a treaty of peace between Rumania and the Central Powers hsd been agreed upon and would be signed within a week.

Your Best Foot Forward Putting one* best foot forward is always a desirable course cf action—never more so than in these times. People do judge by first impressions. Appearance count*. Here are eight of our Washington bureau's interesting and informative bulletins on making the best of your physical appearance: 1. Keeping Yooth and Reaaty. 5. Increasing Your Weight. 2. Personality and Charm. *. Care of the Hair. 2. Weight and Redaction. 7. Care of the Skin. 4. Reducing Particular Part* of 8. Care of the Teeth. the Body. If you want this packet of eight bulletins, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-28, Washington Bureau. The Indianapolis Time*, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want the Good Appearance packet of eight bulletins, and inclose herewith 25 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage sumps, to cover return postage and handling costa. •Name St. and No City state lam reader of Times. (Code No.

MAY 4, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Welding New Departure in Building Modern Stee U Frame House. ALL- WELDED steel frame houses will be common in the near future. according to William Sparagen, secretary of the American Bureau of Welding. Sparagen sets forth his views in a report prepared for the Engineering Foundation of New York. Welding possesses the advantage of being noiseless. The fact, plus economies and ease of application, according to Sparagen. recommend it for construction of homes. “More than 125 municipalities have adopied welding in their building codes." he says. “With accurate design data, control c! products is made sure through employment of qualified welders and inspectors, and designs adapted to welding. “Welding has been helpful in steel buildings to resist earthquake and wind, which in some instances would require unusually elaborate designs if riveted. “An example is the new headquarters of the Southern California Edison Cos. at Los Angeles. “The heaviest welded truss to date weighs 60 tons, with a span of 96 feet and a height of 18 feet. It was Installed for the Forest Lawn Memorial Park mausoleum.” m m m In World War ••ww TELDING with gases and elecW tricity are relatively new processes, but have a background of more than a decade of scientific research," Sparagen says. “In recent years, such welding has been adapted to buildings and bridges. “Welding came to the attention of engineers during the World war as an aid in shipbuilding. Prior to this time, it had been used wth varied success in repair work, particularly on the railroads. “Good welds could be produced under certain conditions, whereas poor welds resulted in others. Welding experts were unable to give satisfactory reasons. Investigations started during the war were continued. With the organization of the American Welding Society and its research deportment, the American bureau of welding, this research work was expanded. "Leading structural engineers a few years ago began to study tha application of welding to the fabrication of steel structures. Investigators in this country and Australia undertook tests. “A few important structures wvre fabricated by welding, including some gas holders In Australia, some small ships here and In Europe and a few small buildings in this country and In England.” m m m Five-Year Program THE art of welding received Cottle siderable impetus from the five-year program launched by the structural steel welding committee. “It’s scope and thoroughness commanded the attention of architect* and engineers. “Sparagen says: “It involved the fabrication and testing of several thousand specimens welded by sixty-one welders at thir-ty-nine shops and tested at twentyfour laboratories, including college and commercial institutions, and the United States bureau of standards. This research disclosed no harmful effect on the base metal due to welding. ’Since tests on 2.495 specimens indicated that joints commercially welded by qualified welders may be , expected to possess strengths within 12 per cent of general average results, engineers and architects may feel secure in expecting, in their completed structures, the strengths required by their drawings. “Anew hotel building was recently erected at Hot Springs, Va„ between two existing structures. It was necessary to avoid the noise of riveting. “This structure was twelve stories, and was the first so-called tier building’ of this size to be welded. “A five-story heavy duty warehouse was constructed by the American Bridge Cos. for the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. The continuity of beams and girders which was provided resulted in a 12 per cent saving in steel ”

Questions and Answers

What ia bimetalism? It is the name for that theory of money that is based upon both gold and silver as standard;:, the v.olu* and ratio of these metals being fixed by law and international agree* ment. Where and when was Morton Downey horn? Wallingford, Conn., Nov. 14. 1901. Did American imports decrease in 1930 from the preceding year? The total imports in 1930 amounted to $3,062,000,000, a 30 per cent reduction in value from the preceding year. When a grandfather, his son and grandson all bearing the same name are living, how are they designated? The grandfather is the senior, the son the Junior and the grandson is designated as 111.