Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 305, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 April 1932 — Page 4

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Cravath on Soviet Trade To the imposing list of business men, bankers, editors and congressmen advocating normal relations with Russia in the interest of world peace and of American trade, is added the name of Paul D. Cravath. Mr. Cravath is noted as a lawyer and as a counsel on International relations. In an interview published in our news columns today, he answers —on the basis of bis personal knowledge of Russia and the world situation certain familiar misconceptions. He says in part: -At this time, when the United States is struggling with overproduction, it is of first importance for us to develop foreign markets. “The agitation against trade with Soviet Russia is based upon a profound misapprehension. ... It never has been the policy, so far as I know, except in time of war. that our nationals should be required to refuse trade with a foreign nation because of objections to its form of government.” In exploding the myth about “forced labor,” he says that when he was in Russia a year ago "the turnover of Russian labor was much greater than in Germany.” To those who fear Russian dumping, he answers that "there is no danger of Soviet Russia invading our markets with manufactured products to any serious degree.” In reply to those afraid of Russian propaganda, he points out that "this attitude shows a humiliating lark of faith in our institutions” and "aside from that the success or failure of the Soviet experiment does not depend on trade with the United States. Other nations trade with Russia, whether we will or not. Cravath concludes: "The United States government should encourage, and not discourage. Americans in establishing commercial relations with the Russian people, who are bound in time to offer one of the greatest markets in the world.” On Their Record Twenty-seven lawyers, economists and professors have added their protests against confirmation of Judges Wilkcrson and Mackintosh to those already piled high before the senate judiciary committee. They make more ridiculous than ever the idea that confirmation of these men is connected somehow with the issue of law enforcement. It is precisely because they have good reason to fear that Wilkeraon and Mackintosh will set aside or nullify an important body of the law that these professional men and women object to their promotion. Both Wilkerson and Mackintosh, In previous decisions, have misused anti-injunction laws against workingmen, whom the laws were designed to protect. Congress directly has repudiated their interpretations, by passing anew and more specific anti-injunction act this winter. Unless Wilkerson and Mackintosh somehow- obtain new viewpoints, new ways of thinking, when they mount the appellate bench, there is grave danger that they will attempt to interpret this new- law as they did the old one. The law-ycrs and professors charge, in addition, that Mackintosh condoned law-lessness in connection with the Centralia Armistice day lynching in 1919, and that he “manifestly has misunderstood or wilfully perverted the meaning of United States supreme court decisions” on various occasions. In addition to their severe criticism of Wilkerson for his anti-injunction decisions, they say of his decisions in the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul receivership that he “practically abdicated as a judge to let the bankers run the job, as he had during the railroad strike let his patron, Daugherty, dictate the terms of the injunction then issued.” The records of Wilkerson and Mackintosh are worse than the record of Judge Parker, whom the senate refused to confirm. Why, California? On the heels of Governor Rolph's denial of pardon to innocent Tom Mooney comes the story of James Lacey. Lacey, an alleged radical, was taken by a mob at Long Beach, Cal., stripped of his clothing, tarred and feathered and then turned loose to wander until a friendly night watchman gave him garments to cover his nakedness. The victim had been arrested following a speech he made at Long Beach's open forum, attacking Rolph's Mooney decision. The charge was suspicion of "criminal syndicalism,” but after investigation he was released from a week-end in jail as innocent. Why Is that great and bountifully blessed state so victimized by hate and fear? It is rich in natural wealth, in sunshine, and in a pioneering people who should love liberty and tolerance. Yet the Civil Liberties Union ranks California with the Kentucky coal counties in repression and calls its largest city “the worst municipal district in the country.” Nowhere, it appears, in our America is justice so ruthlessly garrotted. Perhaps Governor Rolph. now flying about the cast as carefree as a lark on the wing, can answer. Congressmen's Craniums Senator Lynn Frazier introduces into the Congressional Record what purports to be a scientific study of the heads of eighteen senators and seventyone representatives. A. Dr. Arthur MacDonald of Washington, selecting the craniums of the senators and representatives at random, finds that a senator's brain averages fifty-two ounces, a representative’s fifty. Since his estimates are arrived at by measuring the skulls, the question arises: How does the doctor know how much of a lawmaker's head is composed of brain and how much of bone? Being unscientific, we prefer to stick to the timehonored method of testing brains of congressmen. This is by their votes. Primary Results Os the mixed results in Tuesday's primaries, two are outstanding. A1 Smith's victory in Massachusetts and his unexpected strength in Pennsylvania, where he was defeated by Roosevelt, will prevent Roosevelt from taking the Democratic presidential nomination by default. Davis' victory over Butler in the Pennsylvania Republican senatorial fight will strengthen the hands . of the wets in the Republican national convention. Both results are beneficial, in our judgment. More than any other state, even New York. Massachusetts Is a Smith stronghold. His victory there was discounted in advance. But the extent of his victory was much greater than expected. So was his cut into the Roosevelt lead in Pennsylvania. These factors, plus Smith's hold upon New Jersey and his last-minute chance of getting pari^ of the

The Indianapolis Times <a scKirra nowAKD newspaper) Ownel and nabllaln-d dull* (except Sunday) by The Indianapolia Tlmea PubUablac Cos, -*l4 Wiat Maryland Streei. Indianapolia. Ind. Price in Marlon County. 2 centi a codt' el* where. 3 rent*—delivered by carrier. 12 rent* a week. Mail aubaertp* tion rate* In Indiana. S3 a year: outaide of Indiana, fts cents a month. BoyuTTußiEt. Roy w Howard. earl and. baker Kdttor President Business Manager PHONE —It I ley ,1881 BAIUROAT. APRIL SO. ISI3. Member of t,cited Preaa. fierippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

New York delegation, give the anti-Rcneevelt forces new courage. A real contest, rather than a w-alkaway for Roosevelt or any other candidate, is in the interest of the Democratic party and of the country. It is bad enough to have Hoover get the Republican nomination by default; it would be worse if both candidates virtually were unopposed. Unopposed candidates make few or no commitments on issues. Unopposed candidates for the nomination are an invitation to political evasion and trickery'—regardless of the party and regardless of the man. The 2-to-l victory of the wet senatorial candidate in Pennsylvania is significant, because prohibition was the chief issue in the campaign. A wet Pennsylvania delegation at the Republican national convention will make it much harder for the drys to keep a damp plank out of the G. O. P. platform. Veterans’ Relief Justice A program of remedies for abuses in veterans’ relief, now costing the taxpayers a billion dollars a year, was offered by Talcott Powell, special writer for this newspaper, at the conclusion of his recent series of articles. It is a sound program, to which necessity and the sense of justice of the American people will compel the attention of congress. Let us nail it up and work for it until it is accomplished. The program: Raise the compensation payments of men clearly injured in service to a permanent degree, provided they need the money. Raise payments to widows, children and dependent parents of men who really did die for their country in the World war. Remedy the abuses in the emergency officers’ pension law. Compensate only for service-connected disabilities. Hospitalize only for service-connected disabilities. Eliminate absurd congressional presumptions of what did or did not happen in the World war or when it ended or what a man's physical condition was when he entered the service. Depend instead upon competent medical opinion Place war risk insurance upon the same business basis that obtains in a private company, with the exception that the government shall make no profit out of its soldier insurance. Treat veterans of all wars alike. Make the economic situation of the veteran a controlling factor in any benefit he receives from the taxpayer. Create a permanent standing senate veterans’ relief committee whose members will specialize in veterans’ legislation. No such committee now exists. Such a committee not only would result in a more intelligent veterans’ legislation, but would make it possible for the public to fix responsibility. The naval appropriation has been cut $32,000,000. If that keeps up. think of the poor admirals. Their salutes may have to be fired with machine guns. A county down in Missouri reports it has more autos than hogs. But that didn't include the road hogs. Now that congress has decided to tax the millionaires, all we have to do is find the millionaires. From the looks of things, historians in Russia and Japan might as well start looking up arguments on which one started the war. Russian newspapers say that Japan is looking for war. And, from this viewpoint, they seem to be looking in the right direction. Theodore Roosevelt acted as referee in the RussoJapanese war in 1904-5, but this time it looks as if the League of Nations will be the third party in the ring. Washington dispatch says Speaker Garner has a cold. Not in his feet, we hope. Hiram Johnson says we can get just as much dry enforcement for $5,000,000 as for $10,000,000. We ought to get it that good for nothing. Democratic leaders have few kind words for Roosevelt these days. About all the Governor is able to get out of them is the various state delegations. From the past history of American diplomats in Europe, we hope that Stimson bought a round trip ticket so he can at least get back home.

just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FEKGISON

A WELL-KNOWN neurologist and student of the young says the moral behavior of a couple who are in love depends upon the boy. In short, he tells us that the strength to resist temptation is always with the man, rather than the woman. It is a fact, generally undisputed, that girls these days often seek sex experience outside of marriage. It is true that society looks with much less disfavor upon such behavior. It is also true that this attitude of mind will make us a saner and a more tolerant people. Yet it still remains a desperately dangerous thing for the individual girl herself. The age that secs men and boys predatory instead of protective sees always the moral breakdown of women. Hordes of old-fashioned wives who preen themselves upon their virtue during courtship are unsmirched only because the men to whom they were engaged also made it a cult of desiring -hastity in their mates. a a a TO be sure, there is a great awakening and a vast amount of enlightenment these days about sex. It has become the one great fact in twentieth century existence, so much so indeed that we are a little bit weary with hearing about it. Yet for this very reason perhaps It is possible for hun ireds of men and women to go into fairly successful marriages today after having learned all its secrets from other sources. Nevertheless, iet no girl deceive herself by thinking that she stands as good a chance of.happiness later because she has acquired what she is pleased to call "wisdom” on this subject. For every girl who comes unhurt out of the experimental stage, thousands are lost forever. No weman should be foolish enough to expect- that successful marriage can be made the aftermath of promiscuity. Only the strong, the unusual the fortunate person, is able to rebuild her house of life from the fallen stones of her mistakes. Eating the apple remains a hazardous adventure for girls. And even in these days of disillusion and dirt, the maiden who walks unstained into her marriage is the wisest among her sisters.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M; E. Tracy Says:

4s a General Proposition the Future Is Bound to Be as Good as the Past, If Sot a Little Better. NEW YORK. April 30 Spring is peculiarly reassuring in times like these. Regardless of men and their moods, nature never fails to show confidence, or extend credit. The old tree that was racked and mutilated by winter storms proves its faith with a thousand buds. Despised dandelions are scattering gold along roadside and over field. Grass struggles for life, even where the ground was mangled by foot, or tire. One need not be a Pollyana to find inspiration in these signs of unbeatable recovery. They tell a story which is much more reliable than that to be found in books. They speak of laws that are wiser and better enforced than any we can make. They represent a system which we have still to learn and copy. mam Nature’s Lesson to the ant, thou sluggard,” vJT said Solomon, “and be wise.” Ever try to destroy an ant bed? You can do it, but, not without respecting the little devils for the courage and ingenuity with which they fight to survive. Ever try to get the weeds out of a run-down garden? You can do that. too. but not without realizing that they are there chiefly because some human quit on the job. Leave nature alone for a million years or so and she will not only produce beauty and sustenance season after season, but finally convert the ruins of it into coal. Patient, persistent, purposeful effort—that’s about all there is to it.” mam Ingenious Man! IF men were half as anxious to see things through as they are to start them, there would be far less trouble in this world. We are forever wanting to do something different, and it's not a bad idea if followed within reason. We have imagination, which distinguishes us from all other animals. We do not have to wait for the slow processes of physical evolution to change us from crawling to flying creatures. By putting two and two together, we have learned how to travel faster than the reindeer and soar above the eagle. We have learned all this by discovering certain laws—strange, obcure, complicated laws. We have forgotten some of the simpler and more obvious laws in our excitement. a a a Inexorable Laws AN astronomer can become so infatuated with figures and graphs as to forget how it seems for two to stand alone in the moonlight. A banker can become so engrossed with dividends and credit systems as to lose all sense of romance. And all of us can get so enthused over the mechanical and artificial as not to remember that the laws of birth, growth and reproduction are inexorable. a a a Humanity Gets On AS children we read about the ten plagues and seven-year famines which used to afflict the ancient world, the wars and eras of pestilence that mowed men down by the million, the ages of darkness and stagnation in which humanity appeared not stand still, but go backward. The most important part of the story is that humanity came through all right, and not only came through, but lived to produce a higher type of civilization. While one can not be optimistic about every change in the weather, the record leaves no doubt that, as a general proposition, the future is bound to be as good as the past, if I not a little better.

Questions and Answers

Who was American ambassador to Russia in 19157 George T. Marye of California. Who was the heroine in “Trader Horn”? Edwina Booth. What does the name Suzanne mean? It is from the Hebrew and means a lily. What does Rio de Janeiro mean? River of January. W r ho played the role of Mary Jane in “Huckleberry Finn?” Charlotte V. Henry. What does laurel signify? It is a symbol of victory. What is the present fighting weight of Mickey Walker, the boxer? About 169 pounds. How much would 1,000 $1 bills weight About 2 1 4 pounds. Ls Monte Carlo in France? It is the capital of the independent principality of Monaco. Why Is it that the Democratic districts do not elect a Democrat elector and therefore split the electoral vote in the state? The voter, when casting his ballot, votes for all electors, and thus there can be no split ballot. Which political party had a majority in congress when President Wilson vetoed the Volstead act? The Republican party. What |g flat money? Paper currency which is not redeemable in coin but rests upon the decree of the government. Where is the Johnson C. Smith university? Charlotte, N. C. Who wrote the novel, "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?” Robert Louis Stevenson. Who is poet laureate of England? John Masefield. What does the name Sophia mean? It is from the Greek and means wise or wisdom.

BELIEVE IT or NOT

\ GREATEST KIDNAPERMODERN TIMES/ He i'x.l ( JZM V ‘ ~ * ]t)vrß 100,000 MALE CHILDREN BETWEEN THE AGES <*" **<> 8 YEARS WERE KIDNAPED BY ORDER Os 1J frftchol as /1h "iron czar 1 oi Russia ' ' IUV/i AND SENT TO CANTONMENTS THOUSANDS OF WIES AWAY trTTU ' ' TO BE RAISED AS SOLDIERS’ PRASCOVIA IOPDt-OTT , . . tv _ -Aged TVwx parents NtVtff hwd <fl Ihetn apam \ WALKED- FROM t t/ifi IJ TOBOLSK, SIBERIA, Ull f TO ST, PETERSBORG, RUSSIA JT A DISTANCE OF 1600 Ml. - ■ ■ ■ ■■— ~ ■ '* ug: THROUGH trackless SEA tEVEt |S 10000 fx. ABOVE AVERAGC LAND EEVEI TO OBTAIN CLEMENCY FOR WCR FATHER - fle .

Following is the explanation of Ripley’s “Believe It Or Not” which appeared in Friday’s Times: The King of Nonchalance— Charles Holbert, the “Nonchalant Fall Guy,” is a building cleaner by trade. He was working at his calling on a scaffold off the fourteenth floor of the Union Trust Building in Cincinnati, on Dec. 8, 1931, when his foot slipped, pre-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE - Swimming Pool Sanitation Important

BY DR, MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyjrcia, the Health Magazine. IN 1880 the first public baths were introduced in Philadelphia. They consisted largely of indoor pools, individual baths and laundries. In 1900 a survey made by S. Baruch, long a leader in promotion of public bathing pools, found that there were in the United States sixty-seven public pools. By 1931 this number had increased to 540. A cuestionnaire circulated in 1927 indicated that there were at least 5,000 private swimming pools in this country. The only danger to health from swimming pools lies, of course, in their possible action as a carrier of disease. There is not only the hazard of intestinal disease due to swallowing contaminated water, but also the possibility of infections of the eye, ear, nose and throat from careless

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE boys who write the book reviews are pretty harsh with Rudyard Kipling. In mentioning his nfw volume of a little verse and several stories called "Limits and Renewals," they agree in saying that it is not much good. And the boys are correct. And yet it seems to me that they pounce upon him with too much eagerness and glee. He was a great man when he had it. Os all living authors, his chance of survival is the best. That is, if he will please refrain from turning wine into water in these his barren years. This last endeavor of the master makes curious reading. Some of the tales are bad beyond belief, but as far as I'm concerned they do not wrench the heart as much as the pretty good stories. It is agonizing to find Kipling doing an imitation of Rudyard Kipling and not quite getting away with it. The book contains at least four good tries. You can not read these narratives without feeling here was a man who once must have been mighty. * U * Good and Horrible IHAVE a notion that Kipling may serve the writers of the days to come in the same manner in which Mulvaney was useful to the young recruits. Mulvaney, if you remember, was both preceptor and horrible example. He taught by direct and ricochet fire. And so it is with Rudyard. His works constitute an object lesson, I believe, in the barrenness which must come at last into the words and sentences and plots of all who strive to mix narration with conscious propaganda. Without any doubt at all Kipling is the greatest story teller of our time. But at an early age he was ruined by the dream of empire. He began to see the superman as a British brass hat. All the problems of this world and the next were to be solved by accepting the theory of the white man’s burden. Particularly if the gentleman in question happened to be English. “Let Bt. George do it” was the motto

Daily Thought

For riches certainly make themselves wings.—Proverbs 23:5. For everything divine and human, virtue, fame and honor, now obey the alluring influence of riches— Horace.

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

ripltating him fourteen stories to the ground. One of the ropes upholding the scaffold, which Holbert managed to grab in a gloved hand, broke the force of the fall. He made a perfect three-point landing upon a coil of hemp. When a patrol arrived in response to a frantic summons, to take him to a hospital, Holbert, entirely unharmed,

i personal habits of those using the i pool. Many people at bathing beaches ; use unsterilized suits, fail to take a bath before entering the water, and are much more careless about their personal hygiene than when they use a private swimming pool. In a recent survey of the sub- : ject, Frank R. Shaw, sanitary engineer of the United States public health service, points out that the first attempt to purify water at public bathing beaches took place in Washington, D. C., in ; 1922. At that time a boat, carrying chlorine, circulated in the water used for bathing and distributed chlorine into it. Today several official commitI tees of the American Public Health Association of state sanitary engineers and of the American Medical Association are studying swimming pool sanitation, and

which Rudyard Kipling celebrated. He was at the beginning too good a fiction writer to make his British all out of the same heroic mould. Some were dumb, and some were smart, and a few were even rascals. But, good or bad, these were the salt of the earth by which the savor of the universe would be perpetuated. n * u "Lest We Forget" ALREADY I am beginning to tread the path of those who would ambush the great man and riddle him with puttyblowers. After all, this is the Rudyard Kipling who wrote “Kim,” and “The Jungle Book” and told the tale of “The Man Who Would Be King.” Men of far greater intelligence have strung words together, but not one now ls alive who has done such magical and stirring stuff. As things stand, we have the business of writing all mixed up with a working knowledge of economics and politics and the philosophy of Marx. Even in his best day Kipling was an insular and insulated snob, incapable of seeing the world In any terms except as the domain and preserve of the Widow of Windsor. He has not the slightest comprehension of India's aspiration for freedom. He does not feel or even come within rifle range of the newer ferments which agitate the world. Distinctly Kipling belongs among the casualties of the great war. It was too big for the scope of his canvas. He had trained himself to write of the intimate wars which went on each year when spring released the tribesmen of the hills. Conflict was another form of fox hunting carried on by gallant lads from back home who wore red coats and went into battle behind “The Drums of the Fore and Aft.” Yes, he did write that and also “The Brushwood Boy,” which remains, as far as I’m concerned, the finest fantasy of our time. I suppose the great puzzle ls not why Kipling writes so barrenly now, but what possessed him In the years of his brilliance. As an intellect he does not belong in the same room—no, not In the fame block—with Shaw and Wells. And yet he has a brave chance to outlast them both. mum Pleading a Lost Cause THE thing he tried to prove already is more remote than the snows of yesteryear. Not even the British themselves still hold with any stanchness to U|e faith that

§5 V' RerlitereS TJ. I. 1 1 JL Patent Office RIPLEY

was puffing at a cigaret. He is an old hand at “falling." he said. On a previous occasion he had fallen from a yardorm 165 feet high onto a coalpile. Except for a few lumps of coal still imbedded in his back, the fall had no injurious consequences. Monday—His Majesty the Bootblack.

it is likely that proper standardization and control will add gTeatly to safety in such places. Proper control includes suitable preparation of the pool with change of water, a sputum trough, dailytests to insure control of the bacteria, exclusion of spectators from the pool walkways, under-water illumination, proper examination of bathers to eliminate those having infections, and compulsory sterilizing of suits between periods of use. The most difficult problem is to S control disease of the feet, including particularly ringworm. Important steps include the elimination of canvas mats, avoidance of wood walkways, thorough cleaning of walkways, shower floors, ladders, etc., with chlorinated lime or chlorinated soda. In addition, bathers might be compelled to walk through a pool of chlorinated lime solution or sodium hyposulphite solution before and after entering the pool.

„ v HEYWOOD BY BROUN

they are the anointed of the Lord, brought upon earth to brighten the far corners of the universe. The captains and the kings depart, but Rudyard Kipling remains to pipe his lay. He has the honor of being not only the first, but also the last, minstrel of the empire. How could this sullen, crotchety, war-struck, middle-class little man ever have reached the heights which he attained? I haven’t the slightest idea. All I know is that he did It. In direct discourse, he never gave expression to an idea which pressed as much as half an inch beyond th’ close horizon of Tory thought. But he wrote “Without Benefit of Clergy” and “The Disturber of Traffic.” He is the Fuzzy-Wuzzy of English literature. It doesn’t matter how he did it. The fact remains—he broke the British square. 'Corvrlxht. 1933. bv Tfce Tlmen

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—lt affords me great pleasure again to commend you on many of your editorials. I have been especially attracted to your recent splendid articles on the utility situation. Your articles are of such character that you should be receiving thousands of letters from the people who feel under great obligations to you for expressing their views in your language. The people are becoming very tired of the manner in which our public service commission is handling the utility situation in this state. From every source you hear complaints about the excessive utility rates. These complaints of the people seem to be unheard, and, if heard, unheeded. Organized monopoly fast is driving the individual out of business. It is closing the door of opportunity to boys and girls of our country, and 1., believe if this situation and practice continues, it will bring disaster to the people of our country. Our candidate for Governor should be a man of words and actions, a man in whom our people will repose their confidence. The slogan should be. Proper regulation of utilities, with assurance of lower rates," and reopen the door of opportunity to the boys and girls of our country. When the party to which I belong nominates a man lor Go vendor of

Idols and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are presented wlthoat retard to their arreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

APRIL 30, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Hot Springs and Geysers Art an After-Effect of Ancient Volcanic Action. IF you visit Yellowstone National park this spring or summer, the hot springs and geyser* of that famous region may recall to your mind the recent volcanic eruption* in the Andes mountains. They will, if you are up on your geology, for the geologist* have pointed out a direct connection between the two types of phenomena. It is known today that hot springs and geysers are an after-effect of ancient volcanic action. Yellowstone park is the world* most famous geyser field. It was first seen in 1807 by a trapper, John Colter, who described it so vividly that it became known as “Colter's Hell.” The Yellowstone region was not explored scientifically until sixty years later. The first geyser region to be accurately described was that of Iceland in 1847. A third geyser region exists in New Zealand. * a a A Natural Fountain A GEYSER is a sort of natural I fountain, throwing great jets of hot water and steam into the air. Eruptions vary from once a year to every five minutes, depending upon the nature of the particular geyser, but in most cases occur with a surprising regularity. The best known geyser is "Old Faithful” of Yellowstone park, which erupts regularly every seventy ’ minutes. The explanation of geysers is to j be found in the geology of the reI gions In which they occur. The Yellowstone region is a great area which was built up by lavaflows from volcanoes on its borders. These volcanoes now are extinct. The lava-flows cooled quickest on the surface, and as the surface solidified, much heat was imprisoned underneath. Asa result, the rock layers below the surface still are at a high temperature. Ground water seeping into the cracks in these layers Is heated to a high temperature and much of it is turned into steam. The geyser consists of & vent reaching from the surface to an underground pocket. a a a Steam Pressure THIS pocket fills with hot water and steam. When the steam pressure becomes high enough to lift the weight of water, it blows the water and steam out through the vent and there is an eruption. The regularity of action 1s caused by the fact that it takes the same number of minutes each time for the pocket to fill and the steam pressure to rise to the proper point. Hot springs are caused by ground water coming in contact with rock layers at high temperatures. Regions which contain geysers always contain large numbers of hot springs. However, hot springs are found in many regions where there are no geysers. In time, all volcanoes become inactive, their store of lava becoming exhausted. But even after activity has ceased, the region of a volcano is likely to be rather warm and as a result the land will abound in hot springs or emit fumes and gases of various sort, particularly carbon dioxide. A typical region is the “Land of Ten Thousand Smokes,” near the still active Katmal volcano in Alaska. Hot suplhur fumes and other gases arise from cracks in the ground, known technically as fumaroles. When the vent from a lava pocket fails to reach the surface, there may be great intrusions of lava between other layers of rock, where it solidifies into igenous rocks. These come to view when in time the forces of erosion wear away the softer rocks into which they have been intruded.

M TODAY ; WORLD WAR I ANNIVERSARY GERMAN DRIVE FAILS April 30 On April 30. 1918, the great German drive on the Lys sector came to an end after three weeks of fighting which had cost them many thousands of lives and had gained them no real advantage. French and British morale was higher after the failure of the attempt to seize the channel ports. German losses in killed and wounded during the three-week campaign was estimated at more than 150,000. Allied forces on the Lys sector confined their activities for the day to a scries of minor raids and small scale operations which resulted in improving and strengthening their positions. The British admiralty officially announced the destruction of twelve German submarines during April.

this state, I sincerely hope that he will be the man who will pledge himself to see that there is anew deal given the people by the public service commission. My idea of a proper candidate would be one who will promise to get rid of the present utility commission, appoint a commission which will function in behalf of the people, and that if such commission fatls to function in the interest of' the people, he would go before the legislature and ask for a repeal of ! r?* la ** ,?ur legislative candidates i also should be put on record on this ; question. I _.?<* J OT action in securing | ** “*J taxes and high utUity acttle this question without further debate. We have harped upon the question for a number of years and the finish is ~®till harping. Writing of good articles and making suggestive statements amount to nothing. If our officials will not cure this condition, let's put in officials who will. Let s have anew deal. Let's quit harping—let’s get results, i I hope you will take up this suggestion and educate the people in demanding of our candidates promises, which will, when put into practice, benefit the people. Keep up the good work. B. M. RALSTON.