Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 300, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 April 1932 — Page 4

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a S t tt tt jf - H OW AM t>

Secret Rates That the rates for electricity for large usera had secretly reduced a year ago should not surprise citizens who know anything about either the public service commission or the owners of the electric monopoly. It is quite in keeping with the history of that concern and of the commission that special favors should be given to those most able to pay and that the average citizen without any prestige or pull should be soaked to pay the bills. The thing happened which the law providing for state regulation sought to prevent—the giving of what amounts to a rebate to a favored few. The theory of regulation is based on the idea that there will be no discrimination. Yet discrimination occurs when a schedule can be filed, secretly, to provide for a very favored few of the consumers. That such a schedule was in operation last year may account for a singular lack of interest in the petition filed by the South Side Civic Clubs and the city administration. Men who might be expected to become active in the public interest found themselves Unable to take leadership. The fact that the rate was practically concealed by the commission stamps the entire transaction with suspicion. The tardy explanation by that body that the schedule was always open to public inspection is subterfuge. It is quite easy to make it difficult for citizens to find documents which may be technically on file but, for all practical results, carefully hidden from the public and the press. The incident should revive interest in the appeal of the public for anew rate basis for domestic users. The report of the company for the past year more than justifies such an inquiry. Its valuation rase suspiciously. A mysterious increase of approximately fourteen millions of dollars in valuation for rate purposes should not pass unchallenged. Now that there is open evidence of a purpose to deal out favors to the powerful, it is time for some defenders of the rest of the citizens to come to the front with a demand for real relief. Good News The American Civil Liberties Union reports that this period of discontent has been “the quietest winter season in recent years for prosecutions, arrests, and police interference with meetings.’' Although it was the third winter of wholesale unemployment, attended by widespread suffering, there was a remarkable absence of food riots and radical disorders. It was “contrary to all prophecies of police and radicals alike. - ’ Such conditions brings out in sharper relief the exceptions. These were chiefly the killing of four jobless demonstrators at the Ford plant at Dearborn, police brutality against anti-war paraders before the Japanese government offices at Chicago and Washington, the continued state of siege in Kentucky coal counties. Repression, we are told, is “strongest in the south, In California, Pennsylvania and in New England textile towns." Southern California “is beset by the activities of the Better America Federation and the Los Angeles red squad with its brutal and unlawful raids on meetings.’’ The “City of the Angels" still Is distinguished as ''the worst municipal district in the country." “Principal agencies of repression are the department of labor and the federal judges who issue injunctions against labor unions; prosecutions under state sedition and criminal syndicalism laws; police action; mob violence,’’ the report records. Notable victories for freedom include: A United States supreme court reversal of the California red flag law conviction; voiding of the Minnesota press gag law; an Ohio ruling declaring the state criminal syndicalism law unconstitutional; passage of the federal anti-injunction act; paroling of two Centraiia I. W. W. prisoners; decision of the state department to end American control in Haiti; reversal of the Doak deportation policy, to permit aliens to depart voluntarily to lands of their choosing; free speech forum in Detroit; outlawry of “yellow dog contracts” in Arizona, California, Ohio, Oregon and Wisconsin; admission of Dr. Marie Stopes’ books by federal court order; and others. But, at the moment, these gains seem obscured by Governor James Rolphs refusal of a pardon to Tom Mooney, for sixteen years the victim of class terrorism of the courts and executives of the state of California. Speaking of Rackets The laurels of civic virtue with which a senate subcommittee has sought to grace the head of Judge James H. Wilkerson might fit more becomingly if it were not for the record of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul receivership. Organized racketeers do not appear in the case—but its story is arresting enough without them. Receivership proceedings took place in Judge Wilkerson’s federal district court. He appointed two receivers selected by Kuhn, Loeb <fc Company, and the National City Company, reorganization managers, and for the third receiver he himself selected Edward J. Brundage, his former law partner. He awarded salaries of $48,000 and $75,000 a year to the receivers, and at the end of their service awarded them bonuses of SIOO,OOO each. He allowed the reorganization managers, whose financial operations were partly responsible for precipitating the receivership, approximately nine million dollars for “compensation," setting aside safeguards with which the interstate commerce commission had tried to surround this money, collected from security holders. He denied the Jameson committee of bondholders, representing more than $17,000,000 of St. Paul bonds, the right to intervene in opposition to the reorganization plan, though the interstate commerce commission recognized the right of this group to be heard. A senate subcommittee, by a 3-to-2 vote, has found Judge Wilkerson fit for promotion to the circuit court of appeals on the sole ground that he gave A1 Capone a somewhat longer sentence than that notorious character had been led to expect. Whether or not it is true, as the United States district attorney testifies, that Wilkerson was a party to the agreement with Capone, the fact remains that the St. Paul receivership sheds much more light on Wilkerson’s sense of public morals than the other case. No man blind or indifferent to the social implications of the great railroad receivership, to the financial manipulations that brought it on, to the thousands of small investors who lost their savings because of it, is fit to sit on the federal bench. The brand of Wilkerson complacency which saw nothing to criticise in the foreign and domestic bond juggling of Kuhn, Loeb & Company and the National City Company, but rewarded their efforts with lees amounting to almost nine million dollars— that

The Indianapolis Times (A ICBIPPI-HOffAHD NEWSPAPER) Owned and ptibllihed (except Sunday) by Tba Indlanapolia Time* Publiahln* Cos, 214 220 Weat Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price ln Marion County 2 cent* a copy: cl*ewhere. S centa—delivered by carrier. *l2 cent* a week. Mail anbarrinHon ratea ln Indiana. $3 a year; outaide of Indiana. 85 cents a month. BOYD GURLK. HOWARD. ~EABL D. BAKER Edltor "President Business Manager PHONE—KIIey 5561 ; HOBDAY. APRIL 35. ISM. Member of Lnited Press. Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

brand of complacency, of civic conscience, is largely responsible for the plight in which this country finds itself today. Wilkerson’s further appointment of his friend Brundage to a post where he could be showered by the court with money from the defunct company’s assets needs no comment. It can command the admiration of no one except, perhaps, Capone. Discrimination Despite all talk about economy, there will be no major reductions in federal expenditures unless the army and the navy are forced to take their proportionate share of the cut. Our Quaker President is doing his best to prevent this. So is congress. If the 732,460 civil employes of the federal government who today are threatened with a cut in wages were to relinquish all their wages and salaries during the coming fiscal year, the savings to the United States government hardly would equal twothirds of the annual federal expenditures for past and prospective wars,” Isador Lubin, Washington economist, points out. Making allowance for deficiency bills, the Hoover budget makes virtually no cut in army-navy estimates. The current preparedness cost is $721,000,000. The $327,00C ; 000 navy supply bill before the house, which includes more than $45,000,000 for modernization and new ships, represents only a 9 per cent cut. But the interior department appropriation bill just passed by congress, and signed by the President, makes a 35 per cent cut. Such discrimination against civil activities of the government in favor of military is madness. It is as unjustified on financial as on moral grounds. By this militaristic discrimination in the name of economy, the President and congress are making only small savings, but they are wrecking some of the most essential, effective, and economical government services. Utility Regulation The present plight of certain utility companies and persons who have invested in them is striking proof that committee conclusions of the nation-wide conference on regulation, held recently in New York, were not exaggerated. The experts concluded that regulation has failed to protect the investor in electric utility securities, has failed to obtain rate reductions for the consumer, and has failed to safeguard the credit of the utility companies themselves. The men who met in New York were not, in the most part, friends of government operation of utilities, except as that forms, occasionally, one phase of the problem of regulation. They sincerely were seeking a way to make private operation of utilities more satisfactory from the viewpoint of all concerned. Their recommendations for accomplishing this—revision of the present uniform classification of accounts, establishment of the prudent investment principle of valuation, rate determination on the basis of actual cost of each class of service, federal control of holding company operations, provision for national and state power planning, withdrawal of the power of federal courts to nullify regulatory' decisions—are eminently sound. There is nothing in these proposals which should be resented by an intelligent utility company. If they protected the credit of the companies and restored the faith in investors in utility securities, these proposals would be extremely well worth while to any organization. In this day of cynical investors, of shattered faith in fabulous finance, they appear necessary to continued success. Fair accounting and actual, potent regulation would, of course, keep the utilities from making excessive profits, from watering their stock.*;, from concealing control, and frbm evading taxation. It would, on the other hand, build for them what undoubtedly' would prove to be the soundest, most uniformly profitable industry in the country. The New York vice squad was “shaken up" because their faces were too familiar to speakeasy proprietors. Now they 11 have to find new loafing places. Hoover offers to work for $1 a year, but from the experience we had with dollar-a-year men during the war, we would say that is too much. Golf fees are being reduced drastically. The cost of living has gone down so much until it has affected the cost of loafing. Syd Franklin, Brooklyn’s famous bull fighter, had to go to Mexico to put on a demonstration. He was outclassed in New York.

Just Every Day Sense' BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

Tj'EMINISM has not changed the individual man’s ■T attitude toward women, contends a correspondent. That, I think, is a mistaken surmise. While it is easy to point out the chief flaw in the feminist argument. namely, that woman should strive to be as exactly like men as possible, yet certainly the bitter attacks upon the then existent order and the acrimonious debates aroused by the most aggressive feminine agitators, did result in a change in the thinking of men. There are two masculine strongholds that refuse to yield to the encroaching forces of the ladies—the super-intellectual and the super-stupid males. The former, usually scientists and philosophers, regard us as so many biological bugs made for procreative purposes only and prophesy doom for us in the end. The latter, entrenched behind their fortifications of solid sex egotism, and their belief that God merely is a large, dignified male, also close their eyes to facts, and repeat the worn-out platitudes meant to put woman in her rightful and inferior place. m m m BUT between these two extremes, there is a tremendous multitude of men who have changed their ideas about women—ideas as to our ability, our worth and our influence. They have discovered, and most of them are willing to admi'., that we are, after all, not hopelessly dense, nor hopelessly incapable. Although many still “damn us with faint praise,” the fact that the faint praise if there at all is of vast importance to this question. I firmly believe that not the least of the many benefits conferred upon civilization by the feminist, wrong as she may have been in some of her theories, is that benefit which has come to man himself bj reason of her existence. For man, as well us woman, has been stimulated to cogitation upon this question. And man has been brought face to face with the depth of his own Intolerance and his misconceptions of human justice. In the last analysis, woman's freedom has been man's freedom also, a mental release from hampering, pernicious, and immoral prejudices-

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

If Hoover Were to Come Out With a Wringing Wet Statement, It Wouldn't Alienate Half the Support It Would Attract. NEW YORK, April 25.—1f President Hoover runs on a wet platform, the charge of inconsistency will do him vastly more good than harm. For every dry vote he might lose, he would gain ten out of sympathy with his change of attitude. People are not going to turn against a man for doing what they themselves have done. This idea that leaders must go on singing the same tune forever is one of the absurdest traditions of American politics. We admit that consistency is not a virtue in ordinary folks. *We expect them to change their minds. We regard them ignorant if they do not. Every campaign is neither more nor less than an appeal to average voters to switch from one party to the other, or adopt a different opinion with regard to some theory of government. tt m tt Millions Switch MILLIONS of people have changed their minds toward prohibition since 1928, without feeling ashamed, or losing their selfrespect. Their neighbors and friends think no worse of them for doing so. Why should not the President be treated with similar tolerance ? He should and he would but for the superstition built up by addle-pated politicians. If President Hoover w'ere to come out tomorrow with a wringing statement, it would cause a great sensation, but it wouldn’t alienate half the support it would attract. Look at what Ramsay MacDonald did in England last fall. Our orthodox politicians couldn't see anything but oblivion for him when he defied the Labor party, but he came out of it with flying colors. Cowardly Consistency WE have trained our leaders and candidates to be cowards. They must not scratch tickets, or countenance any form of partisan heresy. The illusionment has gone so far that even parties hesitate to alter platform tenets. The Republican party was dry four years ago, albeit in a vague, ambiguous way, wherefore, it must be careful how it flirts with the wets lest it lay itself open to the charge of inconsistency. What nonsense? The Republican party must change because the country has changed, because it could not hope. to win without changing, yet it shrinks from honestly admitting as much. After wrestling with the problem for months, the party’s inner council decides that a formula is necessary—a formula which presents Mr. Hoover as consistent in coming up wet because of the steadfastness with which he has tried to be dry. u n u

Apology Unnecessary NO formula, or apology, is necessary. The issue speaks for itself. We have been chasing prohibition up a blind alley for twelve years and sick of the job. As far as public opinion is concerned, the “noble experiment” has blown up, with the federal government more than two billion dollars in the hole and more speakeasies in the country than ever there were saloons. The average man can tell you plainly and quickly why he thinks the eighteenth amendment should be modified or repealed, yet politicians think the President should be mighty cautious in even hinting as such a thing, and that the party should edge him over the line with the greatest circumspection. tt tt a Why Not Face It? WHY* are our supposed great minds so frightened by the obvious? The leaders of both parties know exactly what they must do, know that popular sentiment has undergone a profound change, and that the dry cause is hopeless. Why not come right out and face the music? That is what average people are doing and what they expect of their leaders. Asa mattdr of fact, average people are wholly responsible for the situation which confronts their leaders. Average people are forcing both parties to take up the prohibition issue. Why should either party be afraid to take it up?

Wi TODAY $9 S'P IS THE- Yf> ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

ON April 25, 1918, German troops occupied a part of Mont Kemmel, one of the key positions in the Lys sector, after a day of heavy fighting with the British and French troops. French troops were forced out of Hangard by fresh German shock troops. Fighting of great intensity continued, with German gains being small, on the entire Lys front. Five new German divisions were in the battle, allied offiicals said. British counter-attacks regained some of the ground lost early in the day, but pressure on the entire British front was very great. Germany sent an ultimatum to Holland, demanding the right to transport certain supplies not used in war through Dutch terirtory.

Daily Thought

His enemies shall lick the dost. —Psalms 72:9. Though punishment be slow, still it comes.—George Herbert. What is the total personnel of the United States navy, naval reserves, marine corps and Marine corps reserves? As of Nov. 1, 1930, there were 8,905 officers and 85,284 enlisted men in the navy; in the reserves, 6.078 officers and 28.821 enlisted men; in the marine corps, 1,182 officers, and 17.615 enlisted men, and in the marine reserve 445 officers tnd 9,119 enlisted men.

Iron Is Important Element of Diet

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. COME years ago there was a great advertising campaign on behalf of raisins, based on the idea that humans beings did not get enough iron in their food and therefore ought to eat a great many raisins for excess iron. True, raisins do contain iron, but they also provide the person who eats them with seeds, pulp, stems, and other material which he may not want and which are irritating to a sensitive intestinal tract. The bureau of home economics of the United States department of agriculture recently has made available a report by Hazel K. Stiegel-

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H BROUN D

H. GORDON SELFRIDGE, the London department store owner, is here for a short visit to his native land, and he offers some advice for conduct during the depression, which seems to me admirable. He stated that the inherent instinct of all people to gamble can not be quelled, and added: “In England, speculation takes the form of betting one-half crown on the sweepstakes, which, I believe, to be better than speculating in the stock market.” In other words, Mr. Selfridge seems to think that each of us should pick a horse and then put him away and forget about him. I support the suggestion, because I have tried it. Only the other afternon I went to Jamaica, L. 1., with an earnest desire to improve the breed. The afternoon at the track confirmed me in the opinion that there is not much money to be made in this way. But the same thing is true of Wall street. And horse racing, at least, keeps you out in the open air. a a a At Least You Get Tanned THERE is more enjoyment in j losing on a chestnut colt than j in riding down hill with a copper mine. Wall Street gives one less j latitude. My knowledge of finance 1 is as slight as that of any senator, > but lam under the impression that ! there is no way provided by which I could bet on United States Steel to show. I ask very little of stocks or horses. It is not within my hope ; that either will do anything to provide me with a comfortable old age. A run for his money is all that any gambler should require. And when I invest upon the chances fa maiden 2-year-old, the j most that I want is that the horse j should seem a potential winner at some stage of the journey, however brief that period. Most of the colts which carried my hopes at Jamaica failed to live \ up to this modest test. They were contenders only at the barrier and j never thereafter. And yet I should not be too bitter over this fact. The ineptness of the steeds w’hich I selected contributed to the calm placidity of a pleasant spring after- i noon. When others leaped to their feet! and shouted for Questionnaire or some other aspirant to “come on,” 1 I was comfortably seated and watching a lovely white cloud above the roof of the gas works. I didn't have to watch, for Chest- ! nut Oak, which I had backed, defi- | nitely took himself out of the race after the first eighth of a mile had been concluded. Indeed, practically every horse which found favor in my eyes might well have been christened Calvin Coolidge. ana My Favorite Race Horse YET an exception should be made in favor of a horse not much esteemed by the experts, but chosen none the less by me for a fling with fortune. His name happens to be Houssain. For the most part, I look over the i list offered and pick a horse which

Oh, Oh! Not So Good!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

ing concerning the iron content of ordinary vegetables and fruits. Not all food substances §re equally rich in this important metal. The metal is important because it takes part in the formation of the haemoglobin, or red coloring matter of the blood. If there is insufficient haemoglobin, breathing is difficult, energy disappears, and resistance to disease apparently is lowered. The investigator examined specimens of fruits and vegetables from various parts of the country and checked reports made by chemists. He found certain fruit juices and foods are exceedingly poor in iron content. The list includes apples, cucumbers, grapefruit, lemon and orange juice, peacnes, pears, pineapples and watermelon.

reminds me of some dear friend or well-remembered episode. Thus, for instance, I bet on a horse called Eisenberg, because I used to go to a dentist named Roseblum. And, of course, I fall for Night Club oi Applause or William Shakespeare or anything with which I have a personal tieup. But as far as I can recollect, I never knew anybody called Houssain. I don’t want to hurt the feelings of either the horse or his owner in confessing that I bet on him simply and solely because he was quoted at 30 to 1. In the last race it is invariably my custom to pick a long shot. By that time nothing else save the death of a rich uncle, is going to do me much good. Houssain was as good as 10 to 1 for a place and, mark you, only four horses were entered in the race. Being of a mathematical turn of mind, I did a little mental arithmetic and figured that the chance

Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the word blimp? It is said to have originated from : “b” for “balloon” and “limp” to j designate “limp balloon.” A zep- ! palin type dirigible has a rigid framework covered with fabric in ! which the gas is held in balloonettes. A blimp has only a rigid lower section, and the pressure cf the gas keeps the upper part filled out. What teams played in the state finals of the basketball tournament in 1931? Muncie, Kendallville, Washington, Elkhart, Shortridge, Logansport, Brownstown, Frankfort, Bluffton, Greencastle, Evansville (Central), Marion, Rushville, Horace Mann (Gary), Wiley (Terre Haute) and Greensburg. On what days of the week were April 11. 1891; May 16, 1895, and Aug. 9, 1918. Saturday, Thursday and Friday, respectively. What is the Cuban rumba? A rapid dance, somewhat resembling a fast tango, combined with the hula-hula. It has an eccentric rhythm. What is remote control in radio broadcasting? The term applies to broadcasting where the transmitter is in one location and the operator, by means of electric switches, operates it from another location. Are there/ more men than women in France, Germany and the United States? Germany has 48.07 per cent males and 51.93 per cent females; France has 20,352,884 females and 18,444.656 males, and the United States has 62,137.080 males and 60,637,966 females. Is a person born in the District of Columbia eligible to the office of President of the United States? i Yes.

The vegetables that have the highest content of iron include lima beans, broccoli leaves, dandelion greens, kale, parsley, English peas, spinach, turnip tops and watercress. Among the vegetables and foods considered to be good sources of iron are artichokes, asparagus, string beans, blackberries, cabbage, cauliflower, green lettuce, onion tops, pumpkins potatoes and raspberries. It is found that iron in plants is associated with the chlorophyll, which is particularly rich on the leaves. The green-colored vegetables are of the greatest importance for their iron content, as well as for many other nutritive factors. The average American diet would be much improved by a more liberal use of green vegetables.

Ideals and opinion* expressed in this column are those at one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented withoat regard to their or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

Os any one entry out of four coming either first or second ought to be even money. 1 considered telling the oralist that he had made a mistake. it was not my intention to make any terrific killing upon the first afternoon. It is more strategic, I believe, to sneak up on the bookmakers. If you make them think at the beginning that you are a tyro at the pastime, there is a much better chance later of getting a generous price when the great day comes. Neat but Hardly Gaudy HOUSSAIN was not much to look at when he paraded past the stand. He was decidedly a chunky horse and better for line bucking than open field running. As he swept by I called to him, “You can be part owner of an intimate revue if you come first or second." He shied and very nearly threw his rider before proceeding. And when the barrier was sprung, where was Houssain? He was first by a length. At the quarter it was too lengths. At the three-quarter pole Houssain was all by himself. And so he was at thq finish, for, as ill luck would have it, the race happened to be a mile and a sixteenth. Os course, I have seen horses stop before, but never more than overnight. Houssain didn’t just stop—he staked out a claim an eighth of a mile behind the other horses and decided to settle. I must go to the races again. I want to see what the horses do when they come to that point in the track where Houssain is imbedded. Do they, I wonder, step on him or jump over? iCoovrieht. 1932. bv The Ttmesi

• This is the Strauss famous Elkskin Bag \ 5 with zipper pocket and hood 1 0.95 100 TCei js& j

.APRIL 25, 1952

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Earthqvakes Have Shocked and Terrided Mankind From the Earliest Times. • A ND the mountains shall be A. thrown down, and the steep places shall fall, and every wall shall fall to the ground.” So wrote the prophet. Ezekiel, giving us an excellent description of an earthquake. From early times, the earthquake has horrified mankind. As previously pointed out, men are shocked by its apparent suddenness, but the geologist knows that it is only the manifestation of forces at work in the earth all the time. An examination of the rocks that form the earth’s surface furnishes ample evidence of the movements of the earth’s crust and the tremendous strains and stresses which the rocks undergo as a result of the movement. For, everywhere, we find that the large areas of rocks are broken into smaller areas by cracks or fractures. These fractures most easily are observed in quarries or in exposed cliffs along the edge of sQme stream. They also are very conspicuous in mountainous regions. Some of these cracks and fractures are believed to extend dowr to a depth of about twelve miles, where the pressure is so great to prevent further fracturing. Asa rule, a mass of rock will be fractured by two systems of cracks at various angles to each other. This condition is known technically as jointing. * m n Geological ‘Faults’ A LARGE fracture which can be traced in a continuous line for a distance of a hundred feet or more—in some cases they extend for thousands of feet—is known as a fit sure. Frequently the rock layers are displaced on one side of the fissure, the displacement being horizontal in some cases and vertical in others. When this has taken place, the rock layers are said to be faulted. The fault is conclusive evidence that the rock mass on one side of the fissure has moved. Sometimes. w r hen rock layers are so tilted that the fault is inclined at a low angle, the layers on one side of it may be pushed up over the layers on the other side. This is known as thrust-faulting and is frequently found in mountainous regions. With the passage of many centuries, rock layers may be pushed along for miles in a thrust-fault. Most mountainous regions bear ample testimony to this. An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the earth’s surface. Most earthquakes and all the big ones, start at faults, the earthquake being the result of the sudden slipping or moving of the rock layers on one side of the fault. The great San Francisco earthquake, for example, which occurred on April 18, 1906, started with a sudden movement of the San Andreas fault. One side of this fault moved a horizontal distance varying from seven to twenty-one feet at different places and a vertical distance varying from one to three feet. * U Recording Earthquakes Earthquakes, despite the common belief, are not rare phenomena. There is not a day in the year that several earthquakes do not take place. These, for the most part, are so faint that they do not do any damage. They are registered, however, on the seismographs, the delicate instruments which scientists use to detect and record earthquakes. All earthquakes set up waves which travel out through the earth in all directions. These waves can be detected thousands of miles away by the seismograph. One form of this instrument consists of a delicately mounted pendulum. The waves of the quake set the pendulum in vibration, which, in turn, communicates them to an ingenious system of levers. These levers magnify the vibrations and, in turn, communicate them to a recording pen, which traces the record of the quake on a revolving drum. Has the United States a larger gold reserve than France? On Oct. 31. 1931, the gold reserve of the United States was estimated at 53,903.000,000 and France had $2,534,000,000. Did England draft men in Canada at the time of the World war? The assistance given by Canada and other members of the British empire during the World war was given entirely voluntarily. Where are the major markets for lead in the United States and what is the average price? The major markets are in New York and St. Louis and the average price is about 7 cents a pound. Is former Governor Alfred E. Smith a lawyer? No.