Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 297, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 April 1932 — Page 4

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ret irrj-Ho*v + MD

War Debts Again War debt discussion has been precipitated attain by speeches of A1 Smith and Senator Borah, and by the British government in dropping American debt payments from its budget estimates. The British action docs not call for any hysteria In this country. Britain obviously does not intend to default. She is receiving from her debtors as much as she pays us annually, and she expects the Hoover moratorium on reparations and debts to be extended another year. If the moratorium is not extended. Britain doubtless will resume payments to us. Asa large creditor nation, she can not afford to set a defaulting precedent. This newspaper long has pointed out that it is futile to attempt to handle the reparation debts problem alone, that mere cancellation of reparation and debts will not in itself appreciably stabilize Europe or increase world trade. It did not help when we canceled those debts from 20 to 80 cents on the dollar. The reparationdebt problem is only one factor, and the least important factor, in the European malady. Tariff walls and armament waste kill more trade and unbalance more budgets. So long as Britain can afford to pay 8678,000.000 a year for armaments, she can afford to pay us the $171,000,000 service due on debts. The same is true of France and the other countries. The answer is, of course, that they can not afford either excessive armaments or debt payments. Nor can they afford the tariff walls—erected partly in retaliation against our tariff wall—with which they block the flow of international trade and prosperity. To resume reparations and debts will not increase international trade, unless artificial trade barriers are swept aside at the same time. Rep?-ations and debts have been reduced befoy without having the desired effect, because of those trade barriers. This is especially true of the United States, with a higher tariff wall than any other. Moreover, it is impossible to restore Germany to economic health by removing the reparation-debt load, if France and Britain insist on maintaining the Versailles treaty, designed to destroy Germany. And it is impossible to pacify Europe by excluding Russia. With deadlock on debts, with failure to achieve tariff reduction, and with a disarmament conference going on the rocks, now is the opportunity for a joint settlement of these inseparable problems. Let the United States propose a wholesale, proportionate, and mutual cut in debts, tariffs, armaments. The lean American taxpayer never will be willing to pay Europe's war debts for Europe merely to free more European funds for European armaments, which in turn force the American taxpayer to spend more on American armaments.

Whose Commission? . Two years ago a lame duck federal power commission, composed of three of President Hoover's cabinet members, seriously considered making a ruling on licensed power company accounts which would have permitted grossly improper sums to be written into the companies’ net investment and charged against the public. There was congressional and public indignation that such precedent should be established by a body soon to relinquish office, and the ruling was not made. Today another Hoover power commission is about to rule on this same troublesome question. According to reports, which we sincerely hope are untrue, the commission will sustain all dr most of the power company contentions. If such ruling is made, it will meet with general disapproval, not only because it will constitute betrayal of the federal water power act and of public regulation, but also because of the circumstances under which the issue again presents itself. Right of the chairman of the commission to hold office, has been challenged by the senate, and is pending before the United States supreme court. The chairman may, soon, be removed from the board, and, if he is, the senate will scrutinize his successor’s views upon regulation with extreme care. In the second place, the term of another member who has stood with Chairman Smith on all questions so far—and with him and one another, has constituted a majority of the board—will expire this year. Unless President Hoover is successful in this year’s election, the whole complexion of the power commission soon will be changed, and, in any event, the confirming power of the senate may alter it markedly. For the commission to establish precedents now in this very important matter, in direct opposition to the expressed intent of congress and in violation of public interest, would be extremely regrettable.

Don't Blame the Engineering Profession The well-known economist and publicist, Stuart Chase, conntributed an article to the “If I Were Dictator” series in the New York Nation. A reader, evidently not an admirer of Mr. Hoover, wrote to the editor, protesting against Chase's proposal to put his scheme of social reform in the hands of engineers. This correspondent said ;n part: “Mr Chase would place his final committee in the hands of the engineering profession. Haven't we had enough engineering ‘leadership’ for several generations?” This well illustrates one of the unfortunate aspects of Mr. Hoover's administration. His failures unfairly have quite discredited the engineering profession in relation to public affairs. For more than a decade there had been a persistent demand for application of engineering ideals and principles io solution of public affairs. For some rather obscure reason. Mr. Hoover was declared to be an engineer—a great engineer, in fact. His failures have been taken to demonstrate that the engineering technique and type of mind are not, after all. vhat we need to pull us out of the present mess. As we actually may need engineers in politics to help salvage our civilization, it may be. well to combat this quite unfair effort to whip the engineering profession over the back of Mr. Hoover. No fair man would deny that Mr. Hoover can claim real prowess as a plunger and promoter in the world of high finance, especially that of mining promotion. But the hard facts show that he can make no more claim to being an engineer than any average bachelor of arts from Princeton, Yale or Harvard. It gradually has leaked out that Hoover's career after graduation from Stanford was in the promotion aide cf business rather than in engineering, but it generally has been believed that he left Stanford with a bang-up technical training as an engineer. The fact is. Hoover took the bachelor of arts cdurse. majoring in geology. He attended a class in mechanical engineering during the first semester of bis freshman year, studying carpentry, elementary

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPTS-HO WA HD NEWSPAPER) OwnM nn<\ published <l*ilr (except Sunday) by Th Indianapolis Tlmea PuWiahlnjr Co* 214-220 W>*t Maryland Street. Indianapnlia, Jnd. Price in Marion County. 2 cent* a copy: elsewhere. 3 renfa—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription ratea In fndiana. S3 a year; outside of Indiana. 5 cent* a month. “boydoorlbi. Ror w. Howard. earl and. baker editor President Business Manager PHONE— RIIdy 6581 __ THURSDAY, APRIL 31. 1933 _ Member of United Pres*. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterpriaa Aaaoclation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

drawing and arithmetic and algebra—nothing beyond what a boy might get in one of our manual training high schools today. This was the technical engineering training for Hoover. Even his geology work was crude and elementary compared *o it major in that subject in ane of our great universities today. It is in no sense unfair or inaccurate to say that many a graduate of one of our good manual training h*gh schools today, who has taken first-rate courses in high school physical geography and geology has received a better engineering training than Herbert Hoover did at Leland Stanford. So Vt us cease blaming the engineering profession for Hoover and his shortcomings. A great engineer in the White House might prove an abysmal failure as chief executive, but there is no evidence to that effect as yet. Yet the engineers can not complain too much if their profession has suffered. They have helped to make the public believe that Hoover is an engineer through the honors which engineering societies have showered on hirn since 1914, including the John Fritz medal, perhaps the chief prize bestowed by the engineering profession. In his apologetic article in Collier’s. Arthur Train tries to rehabilitate the legend of Hoover as a. great technical engineer: "Certainly if Mr. Hoover were the tyro in engineering the author alleges, it is remarkable that he should have been selected as the recipient of the gold medal awarded by the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America in 1914; that he received several other medals from engineering societies; and that he was chosen president of the American Mining and Metallurgical Engineers in 1920, and president of the Council of Federated Engineering Societies in 1921.” We could do no better here than to repeat Mr. Train's phrase. The above indeed is "remarkable,” in the light of the facts about Mr. Hoover’s education and professional career. It is perhaps slightly less remarkable than it would have been if these- engineering honors had been bestowed before Mr. Hoover became a public figure of international repute in other than engineering fields.

Pyramiding Pay Cuts In the chaos over federal economy there is danger that government employes may get a double or even triple cut in salaries. Confusion arises first because of the apparent unwillingness either of the President or of congress to make the military and naval establishment take a proportionate share of economy, which throws virtually the entire burden on civilian employes and constructive activities of the government. Not content with that basic injustice, the President, the house and the senate are proceeding along three separate and conflicting lines of civilian pay cuts, which may in the end be pyramided. Hoover insists on a disguised pay cut which he calls a furlough plan, providing for one day a week reduction in work for daily employes and one month a year leave without pay for annual workers. The house committee insists on an open pay cut of 11 per cent, with a SI,OOO exemption. But meanwhile the senate is going along with a third plan, which involves wholesale disguised pay cuts and dismissals. The senate method is to make drastic blanket cuts in the appropriation bills. Thus, in the interior department bill, passed Wednesday, the cut in the Boulder dam appropriation would throw thousands of workers out of jobs, and the cut in the bureau of education would necessitate a cut up to 5 per cent in many salaries, or furloughs without pay of one month and a half. If the Hoover plan is applied on top of the senate action, the result will be two and a half months without pay, or if the house plan is applied on top of the senate action, the result will be pay cuts ranging as high as 25 per cent. That, obviously, is not-intelligent economy and is not justice.

Let Him Try It for a Time Speaking of taxation and tax dodging, the jsress reports that Silas Strawn, president of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, proposes that the income tav law be revised to include taxation of those with income of SI,OOO. Very well. But, first we should like to suggest that Mr. Strawn voluntarily agree to live for a year on SI,OOO. Let him do this in sincere fashion, actually descending to the standard of living which this would impose. Then, if he still adheres to this doctrine of taxing SI,OOO incomes, we shall take his proposal with some seriousness. A bunch of Los Angeles doctors think “No” is the most important word in the English language. They must have forgotten the thousands who hold their jobs simply by saying “Yes” at the right time and place.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

PARENTS are often funny and life frequently proves them wrong as well. Yet nearly all of them fondly believe that when it comes to picking a husband or wife for their children, they are incapable of making mistakes. It is true that many a hasty elopement ends in marital disaster. But then, so do a good many of the carefullv arranged matches that men and women make for their families. No matter what sad error a woman may have committed in the selection of a mate for herself, she usually win conclude that she is wise enough to pick onp for her daughter. Being a parent myself. I am heartily in favor of the idea that children should heed the advice of their elders. But I am equally strong in the opinion that when it comes to getting married each individual should select his or her companion. n n n ■VTO person, be he ever so wise, is capable of chooslN ing the right mate for another. The love of men and women is composed of so many subtle nuances, so many varied spiritual, mental and physical qualities that, only the person who experiences them can understand their meaning. The heart is not to be driven, and, while it often may deceive, it is safer to depend upon its judgment than upon the mercenary sense that unconsciously actuates parents when they try to force marriages. Naturally, most of us will want to deny this. We think that we are concerned honestly oniy with the welfare of our children, and we are. But being worldly wise and experienced in the hardships of existence, we feel that a sensible choice as to material advantages is far better for the younger generation than romance. In most instances this is not true. The most eligible catch in town may make the verv worst husband. Life is an uncertain thing at best, marriage is a difficult business, and love is the one .essential for its success.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

Can't a Boy or Girl Acquire Knoicledfje Without Ever Seeing the Inside of a Schoolroom ? NEW YORK, April 21.-Mrs. Arthur J. Smart of Vineland, N. J., prefers t£ teach her children at home. The local school board says this is against the law. Os eight college presidents queried by the United Press, four say she should have the right, provided she is competent, while four say she should not. Evidently it is useless to look to higher education for an answer. Meanwhile, the local school board will try to determine whether Mrs. Smart is competent, by means of an examination. If Mrs. Smart does not like its decision, she can go into court. Since the question at issue involves personal rights, she can go j as far as the supreme court of the United States. a e n Compulsion Is Question IT generally is agreed that every j child should have opportunity to attend school. Whether he should be compelled to do so, regardless, is something else. The late Thomas A. Edison was taught by his mother, chiefly because the public school failed. One can not help speculating as to what would have happened to him had the compulsory education law been in force and a narrow-minded school board decided that his j mother was incompetent. We have been trained to think of | education as confined to prescribed courses, but is that true? Can't a i boy, or girl, acquire knowledge without ever seeing the inside of a schoolroom? Haven’t thousands of i them done it? Public schools have been v in existence only about 100 years,' Grant- j ed that they represent a great: blessing for average children, are we j so sure of their efficacy, or su- j periority, in all cases that children should be compelled to attend them?

Losing on Culture JOHN GRIER, HIBBEN, retiring president of Princeton university, says that we are on the down grade as far as culture is concerned, and millions agree with him. Not pausing to argue the point, our attitude toward culture has changed. We are not cultivating the tastes we were taught to cultivate in school. Either the school has failed to teach us effectively, or what -it taught was doomed. You can take eilther view and find a logical explanation in the dull routAe of a rigid, over-organized mechanism. Our educational system has succumbed to ritualism and conformity. A compulsory attendance law, by which a child is supposed to start at a certain age and keep going, so many hours a day, so many days a week, for a prescribed number of years, is but one of many instances that might be cited. What difference does it make how a child gets knowledge so long as he gets it? None at all, as far as results go, but a whale of a lot according to our laws and regulations. nun s Faith in Nations WE put faith in certain notions, whether they produce intelligence or not. Lawyers, doctors and other professional people must pass through a carefully marked out labyrinth. If they get through, we grant them certain privileges, no matter what they have in their heads, or how completely they abandon further study. Others may know more, but are barred if they lack the proper label. Ritualism is dangerous for any kind of human endeavor. it is peculiarly dangerous in education. Education can not be separated from growth and change, can not be the same thing today that, it. was yesterday, or tomorrow that it is today. Neither can it be dished out in equal doses at equal intervals to all children. The object is to produce character and intelligence. If we paid more attention to that, we could afford to be less concerned with the feeding results.

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Ogden Mills issecretary of the treasury. He also is a very fluent spokesman for the owning-class he represents. It is interesting, therefore, to hear him squalling about the current tax bill passed by the lower house of congress. The main point of his criticism is that the tax bill will interfere with business and retard that mythical process known as "recovery.” There is nothing new about this type of criticism. Our plundering plutocrats have raised a similar howl every time there was the slightest possibility of their having to surrender a part of the gains they had amassed at the expense of the working class. Mr. Mills, indeed, is mouthing old stuff. The joke of it is. however, that the bill about which Mr. Mills is squalling actually treats our capitalistic owning-class in a very light and gentle manner. In Europe the tax rates imposed upon the owningclass by this bill would be regarded as exceptionally mild. But our own capitalists, when it comes to matters of taxation, go on the principle that anything more than nothing at all is an outrage on the sacred body of capital itself. “To put men to work,” cays Mr. Mills, “capital must go to work. . . . But caDital must see some chance of profit to compensate for the risk.” The moral of this is that the capitalist class must be left in undisputed possession of what it can gouge out of the public, or else it will hide in the comer and sulk until the wicked mass of the people see the error of their ways. Taxes? Sure! Levy them on the widows, the orphans, the machinist, the street car conductor, the gasman, anybody and everybody, but don't soak the capitalist, or he won't play ball. “Nothing is certain.” says the oroverb. “but death and taxes. The capitalist, however, although not quite ready to deny the certainty of death, certainly will deny the certainty of taxes as long as he can juggle the burden of them on to the backs of the exploited workers. EUGENE STANTON.

SSStPfe.'

Albumin Excretions May Be Serious

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hvjreta, the Health Magazine. WHENEVER a physician finds albumin in the urinary excretion, he considers it a finding demanding most careful investigation. There are, of course, cases in which small amounts of albumin may appear without the presence of any serious disease. It has occurred in normal people after violent exercise or exposure to cold. It may occur when an individual stands for a long time in one position, but the vast majority of cases are due to some disease of tjie kidney which, unless promptly* cared for, may lead to death. The student health service of the University of Minnesota has made records of examination of 20,000

IT SEEMS TO ME bv

IDO not know what Ajax said when he* defied the lightning, but it is probable he assumed a pose like Senator Hiram Johnson and declared, “The American people never will stand for it.” A1 Smith is one of the few leaders in this country who have approached the debt as a factual* problem and not as an issue with which to delude the voters. The man who gets up before his constituency and shouts that Europe must pay each last penny which she owes us may win votes, but he is powerless to enforce that “must” in the matter of collections. To put it bluntly, the question of full payment, modified payment, or none at all has passed out of our hands. The question of whether Europe should pay may well furnish an interesting evening for college debating societie's. The problem of whether it can make fascinating reading in the columns of little journals of opinion. But both these phases of the situation should be somewhat academic to the true statesman. He must concern himself with the real crux of the circumstances which can be summed in the simple query, “Is Europe going to pay?” * * It Does Not Seem Likely PERSONALLY, I doubt extremely that Europe intends to strain itself to the breaking point and beyond just to save Hiram Johnson from making a sucker of himself. Possibly this is a little unfair to Senator Johnson and the other bitter enders in the debt issue. It is the voters who constitute the suckers. They never comfe for-

# TO DAY £ WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

AMERICANS CONTINUE BATTLE —April 21—

ON April 21, 1918. intense fighting between American and German troops in the little village of Seicheprey continued, with the United States soldiers retaking the last of their outposts still held by the Germans. Total losses to American forces involved were estimated at not more than 600, despite nearly thirty-six hours’ fighting and intervals of hand-to-hand combat. German troops engaged in the attack on the village and the subsequent fighting were ' estimated at more than 5.000. British troops on the Lys front improved their positions by coun-ter-attacks after they had repulsed several German assaults. Newly organized Armenian troops retook the city of Van from the Turks after hard fighting. The war department in Washington announced that several new units of American troops were ready for action on the western front. Total available American force there was estimated at approximately 250,°°^

Pull the Cord!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

men who have entered the school in recent years. Five per cent of these men, or approximately 1,000 of them, showed albumin in the first specimen examined and 606 of them were examined for the second time. It was found that 66 per cent of these men had shown albumin on only one examination. Thirteen per cent showed albumin occasionally; about 12 per cent had albumin regularly in the excretions, and about 7 per cent had kidney disease. x From these figures it is clear that diseases of the kidney with albumin in the urine is a rare condition among young men. In an endeavor to trace the source of the complaint, the heads of the health service, Drs. H. S. Diehl and C. A. McKinlay, noted marked relationship between

ward with the simple little question which would stop him in the full flight of oratory. Somebody ought to interrupt him long enough to say, “But if Europe doesn't pay to the last nickel, just what are we going to do about it?” Now, the only sincere answer to that is, “Nothing at all.” In the early days of dollar diplomacy, it was customary to send a gunboat around to the front door of such Central American countries as defaulted on their obligations. Marines would seize the customs house and we would proceed to pay ourselves. But, I do not believe that anybody seriously suggests that we will go to war with Germany, France or England in an effort to collect our money. In a previous bonus drive, some orator did declare that if there was no other way to pay the boys, they would gladly go abroad again and bring back the necessary sum at the point of the bayonet. But this statement was made at a state fair shortly before an election and hardly was intended to constitute anything more than a sound wave. nun Only a Limited Choice Americans should be told, in all truthfulness, that our choice at the present moment is decidedly limited. We can have either a modification, closely resembling cancellation, or we can have repudiation. The only thing to be said for repudiation is that it would afford us a chance to stick out our tongues at our cousins across the sea and call them hard names. But that would seem to me a very mild sort of satisfaction during a time of universal depression. In fact, it has been tried already. We have already flung “defaulter” and “welsher” to the wind, and I can't see that anybody has derived any particular pleasure or profit from the proceedings. And we have done something a little worse than call names. We have extended "sympathy.” General John F. O'Rvan is the last one to come forward with the salt shaker as a remedy for European wounds. “In listening to war debt discussions in various parts of the country.” he said, “I have been impressed that people generally share in common certain views and emotions in regard to the war-stricken people abroad. “They hold real sympathy for them and desire in some simple and sensible manner to facilitate a solution of their war debt problems. They do not feel that repudiation, ‘lying down’ or ‘welshing’ are conceivable solutions.” u n n . He Doesn't Say What TO be sure, the general does not particularize what simple and sensible solution he has in mind, apparently he seems to think it will be enough if every now and again we shout above groans of a suffering world. “Don't forget, boys, we sympathize with you!” Yes, sweat and toil unto the fourth and fifth generation, tote that barge, lift that balr and keep

albumin, frequent attacks of colds and a family history of kidney disease. They also noted relationship between the presence of albumin and the record of previous attacks of rheumatism or scarlet fever. This should indicate the importance of making an examination of the excretion at least once each year, and of special study of every case in which albumin is found. The finding of the albumin does not indicate necessarily* the presence of kidney disease, but it certainly does indicate the need for investigation. Such investigation may lead to the determine: tion of factors of importance in relationship to health and to life and may mean a great deal in giving extra years of healthful life to the person concerned.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without recard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this, paper.—The Editor.

remembering that Uncle Sam is with you till the last ounce of treasure and the last drop of blood has run out. I really think Europe has a right to ask us to make, faces and stop extending that last straw of sympathy. General O'Ryan said that in his trips throughout the country those he met generally quoted what former President Coolidge is supposed to have said. “They hired the money, didn't they?” And that, of course, settles each problem and makes everything perfect. Whenever a plea for help rises from an economically stricken world we need only say. “We can give you neither bread nor mercy, but here’s a wisecrack from Calvin.” ICoovrieht. 1932. bv The Times)

Questions and Answers

How many persons are employed in the executive branches of the federal government, how many are in the District of Columbia and how many are under civil service? As of June 30, 1931. the total number of employes in the federal executive service was 616.837, of whom 71.693 were in the District of Columbia, and 468,050 were under civil service. What is the total income of the people of the United States? For the year 1929, preliminary estimate, the national bureau of economic research estimated that the total realized income of the people of the United States was $84,000.000,000. Is the boardwalk in Atlantic City longer than the one at Coney Island? The Atlantic City board walk is eight miles long, and the Coney Island walk is 13.000 feet, or about two and one-half miles long.

The Fight Is On This is presidential campaign year, and the two great political parties will “fight it out on this line” not only if it takes all summer, but the fall, too! Our Washington bureau has prepared anew bulletin on Political parties in the United States—a brief, interesting outline of political party history in the United States, and the detailed histories of the existing parties—Republicans, Democrats and Socialists. This bulletin will furnish you with a great deal of essential information on the formalin and growth, the policies and principles of the two major partitas they enter the campaign for control of the government. Fill out the coupon below and send for this bulletin; CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 179, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times’, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin. Political Parties, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name •. St. and No City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. iCode No.)

.APRIL 21, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Scientist to Study Sun from Summit of Mountain. A MOUNTAIN peak in the desolate Sinai peninsula, where, according to Biblical tradition, Moses received the Ten Commandments, may become the site of an observatory for study of the sun. The Smithsonian institution, which has been studying variations in the radiation of the sun. in the hope of finding a method thereby of making loiig-ranee weather forecasts, is considering the advisability of establishing an observatory on Mt. St. Catherine. Mt. St. Catherine, which rises to a height of 8.540 feet, is about twelve miles south of Mt. Sinai. While tradition generally accepts Mt. Sinai as the mountain which Moses is supposed to have ascended, the Biblical account is rather vague, and many scholars think that Mt. St. Catherine. the higher mountain, is the one indicated by the Biblical account. Dr. Alfred F. Moore of the Smithsonian staff is now on his way to Mt. St. Catherine to study the advisability as an observatory site. If an observatory is esablished, it will carry-on work which for the last five years has been done at an observatory on Mt. Brukkaros in Southwest Africa. The Smithsonian scientists have found it necessary to abandon the African site because of haze and terrific winds which interfere with the making cf observations.

it * a Mountain Climbing DR. MOORE has been hunting for an observatory site for a year. First he climbed Mt. Togo, a volcanic park in the Cape Verde islands. But he found it almost continuously blanketed by a haze from the Sahara desert. Next he climbed five peaks in South Africa, but none of them proved satisfactory. He hopes now that, Mt, St. Catherine will fill the bill. Dr. Moore's explorations have been made possible by the interest of John A. Roebling in the work of the Smithsonian institution. For many years, the astrophysics 1 observatory of the Smithsonian has carried on studies of the sun under the direction of Dr. Charlees G. Abbot, secretary of the institution. Daily measurements of solar radiation are made at stations in Washington. D. C.; Table mountain, California, and Montezuma, Chile. From observations of the amount of heat radiated by the sun and the daily variations in it, Dr. Abbot and his associates are working out a method of forecasting weather. Since the earth receives its heat from the sun. it is reasonable to suppose that variations in the sun would affect weather on the earth. Measuring the sun's radiation is not an easy task. Chief difficulties are due to water vapor and dust in the atmosphere, both of which absorb radiation and therefore prevent observing instruments from registering exact results. That is why a mountain top, towering a desert where water vapor is at a minimum, makes the ideal location for such observations.

Making Tests IN making observations upon a mountain top. Dr. Moore has to | determine the amount of water vapor in the air and the amount of dust, since these are the two factors which determine suitability of a site for a regular observation station. For this purpose, he carries specially constructed instruments which fold into a small light pack. Lightness is essential, for he has to carry the pack on his back while ascending a mountain. One of the instruments he carries : in a spectroscope, This splits the rays of the sun into a rainbow of colors. Water vapor in the atmosphere absorbs certain rays of light more than others. Consequently, he can tell from variations in the spectrum or rainbow how much absorption has been due to water vapor. The other instrument Is know as a. pyrheilomotor. This is a device for measuring the total radiation of the sun, but on the sky as well. “Sky-light” is reflected sunlight, reflected from the molecules or gas making up the atmosphere and from the dust particles in the atmosphere. Consequently, the brightness of the sky is an index to the amount of dust in it. It remains to be seen svhat condition Dr. Moore finds Mt. St. Catherine. But the prospects are good. The region is dry and desolate and the prevailing winds generally are from the Mediterranean sea at the north, rather than from the dusty deserts to eastward and westward.

Daily Thought

Render therefore to all their dues.—Romans 13:7. Honesty is the best policy.—Cervantes. What Is the bill of rights? The first in America was the declaration of rights that accompanied the Virginia Constitution of 1776. Its phraseology was largely followed in the constitutions of other states, and after criticism of the United States Constitution of 1787. because it was left out. it was adopted as the first ten amendments.