Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 290, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 April 1932 — Page 9

Second Section

PRIVATE FIRMS BLAMED FOR STOCK CRASH New York Federal Reserve Governor Upholds Stand of Bankers. HECKLED BY STRONG Finance Chief Says Effort Was Made to Curb Speculation. By United Press WASHINGTON, April 13.—Blame for the stock market crash of 1929 was placed largely on the frenzied activities of private corporations today by Governor George L. Harrison of the New York federal reserve bank. Harrison, testifying before a house subcommittee on banking and currency, said that the bankers had sought to curb speculation in the boom years. The federal reserve governor, after a sharp exchange with Representative Strong ißep., Kan.), declared: “You can’t blame the banks. If, despite their efforts to restrain speculation, you and you and John Smith think that the A, B, C, D or any other corporation is pretty good. There's no way to stop you from buying.” Snaps Back at Strong Harrison asserted that the banks had required higher and higher margins on stock purchases and that at one time they were as high as 50 per cent or more. He said also that the federal reserve consistently raised the bank discount rate in an effort to check the disastrous flood of speculation which swept the country. “But you went up too slowly,” Strong shot at Harrison. "We went up slowly, in the light of past experience,” Harrison retorted, “and I’ll admit we might do It differently now.” “There's no use trying to put out n fire when it’s already burned itself out,” Strong came back at him. Harrison appeared before the subcommittee to testify concerning a bill for increasing and stabilizing the price levels and commodities. Ignores Pointed Query “Where were these great minds in 1929 of which you now speak?” Strong sarcastically asked the banker. Harrison ignored the question and proceeded with his explanation, including his insistence that the activities of private commercial corporations, rather than those of bankers and brokers, were in the main responsible for the speculation.

CHARLES M. CROSS, 72, IS CLAIMED BY DEATH Funeral Services Slated Thursday for Pioneer Resident. Charles M. Cross, 72, died Tuesday at his home, 1902 North Illinois street. He had been a resident of Indianapolis fifty years and was a member of a pioneer Irvington family. He was graduated from Heidelberg and Mercersburg colleges. He held membership in the Scottish Rite, Raper Commandery and Irvington Masonic lodge. Surviving is a daughter, Mrs. Louis G. Buddenbaum, and a son, Harry D. Cross. Funeral services, to be held at Shirley Bros.’ chapel, 946 North Illinois street at 2 Thursday afternoon, will be in charge of the Scottish Rite and the Irvington Masonic lodge will conduct a burial service. 500 NEW MEMBERS, IS LEGION ROUNDUP GOAL Representatives of 22 Posts in Twclth District Map Plans. Plans to get 500 new members in the annual membership round-up were formulated Tuesday night by representatives from twenty-two American Legion posts in Twelfth district, meeting at 120 East New York street. The district, with a quota of 2,395, exceeded the goal with 2,458 new members in a state contest which ended several weeks ago The national drive will open Monday with a broadcast at 9 p. ns. The local district also will present a short program over the two Indianapolis stations. MAP CAMPAIGN PLAN Jewish Welfare Fund Workers Arc Guests of Rauh. Charles S. Rauh, chairman of the Jewish Welfare Fund campaign, April 28 to May 6, was host at a luncheon meeting today for former chairmen of the welfare fund campaigns. The luncheon, at which campaign plans were discussed, was held in the Exchange building in the union stock yards. Those who were to attend are: J. A. Goodman. Raich Bamberaer. Louis J. Borinstain. Edward A. Kahn, JosaDh M. Bloch. Samual Mueller. Albert S. Goldstein. J. J. Kiser. Samuel Frommer. A. H. Goldstein. Jacob H Wolf. G. A. Efrovmson. Mrs. J. A. Goodman and Mrs. Louis Wolf. ORATORS TO COMPETE Eight High Schools in Contest at Southport Tonight. Annual Marion county oratorical contest will be held tonight In Southport high school. Eight county high schools, outside Indianapolis, will compete. Contestants will deliver original compositions or the orations of other persons. Ray Addington, principal of Southport high school, will preside. Woman Hurt in Auto Crash Mrs. Addie Gasvoda, 24. Mars Hill, suffered a knee injury today when the automobile driven by her husband, Anthony, 31, struck the rear of a car driven by Cecil Dickerson, 25, of 1321 Blaine avenue, in the 1000 block, Oliver avenue.

Full Leased Wire Service of the Doited Prtat Association

CHILD LABOR IS RISING MENACE TO AMERICA Million Children Under 18 Toiling, for Wages, While Adults Go Jobless

Child labor was an almost forrotten aoelal problem until the denreaalon came alonr. Now. under (Ire of various rovernmrnt and nrlvatc attneiea. it alo la revealed aa an economic threat. Todiv The Tlmea oreaenta the drat af a aerlea of three article* nhowln* the extent of rblld labor and the condition! under which it U allowed to exitt. BY PAUL HARRISON NEA Service Writer WHILE millions of adults walk the streets today in a vain search for jobs, more than a million children less than 18 years old are working for wages. Although their elders may have nothing to do, and not even enough to eat, little toilers who themselves often are undernourished have entirely too much to do. According to all modern standards, at least a million of them ought to be In school. In some cases, children actually have displaced their fathers and mothers in industry. A youngster of 14 or 15, by working a little harder, a little faster, or longer hours, can do a man’s work—at lower wages. This generally marks the fall of his family to semidependent status. Wage scales thus are being depressed, and the bargaining power as well as the self-respect of adult labor correspondingly weakened. Nobody is being aided. Education is curtailed, health impaired. standards of living lowered, and unemployment aggravated. An almost forgotten social problem during the boom days, child labor has become an economic menace. And it is astonishingly prevalent, still present to some extent in all of its shameful forms of old. The children’s bureau and many other agencies taking a similar view now are beginning a determined drive for corrective legislation. They point out that the reduction of child labor—and some such reduction now seems certain—will result in emergency unemployment relief and permanent social reform. * n u PENDING the compilation of complete 1930 figures, they estimate that there now are more than 3,300,000 children from 7 to 17 years old habitually out of school. In a normal year, the National Education Association believes that some 2,120,000 are at work in gainful occupations. The latter figure probably Is not quite applicable to 1932 be-

Real Harbingers of Spring

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••Take me ont to the ball game, Take me out to the park ” And that's where both these gayly bedecked trucks were bound for Tuesday afternoon in the mile-and-a-quarter long opening day parade. In the upper photo are the women of the Linwood Christian church, effectively disguised as “The Old Maids,” and whose float was awarded the “most unique” prize in the parade.

APPROVAL IS GIVEN JUDGE WILKERSON

By United Pres* WASHINGTON, April 13.—A senate** subcommittee, after weeks of

The Indianapolis Times

By working a little faster, a little harder, or longer hours, a child can do the work of an older person—at lower wages. At left is a young girl standing at a bottling machine in a patent medicine plant. Another, lower center, has an all-day standing job In a hat factory.

cause of the scarcity of jobs for children as well as for adults. But even if unemployed, the very availability of so many young would-be workers is calculated to have a'harmful effect on wages and living standards. However, in thirty-eight states for which there are complete returns from the last census, there are about 500,000 children 10 to 15 years old gainfully employed. Os all the children in this narrow age bracket, one in every eleven is a wage earner. These figures also do not include the largest industrial states. Nor is the census concerned with workers under 10, thousands of whom are illegally employed. Although enforced idleness Is sending many immature workers back to school, large numbers of

Below is the Caravan Club awarded the prize for the best luncheon club float. Hie Caravan Club also was awarded a prize for the best luncheon club turnout. The best industrial float prize was won by Kingan and Company and the largest industrial turnout prize by the Polar Ice and Fuel Company. Technical high school was awarded a prize for the best band.

I argument, has approved the pronio- | tion of Federal Judge James H. I Wilkerson of-Chicago to the circuit i court of appeals.

INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13, 1932

others are going out to help swell the family income—some of them actually to support their parents. In the twenty-six states reporting in 1930, 129,532 children 10 to 13 years old left school to take jobs. # # * T~>ROM the Connecticut river *■ valley, where children of 9 and 10 hunch along nine hours a day in the tobacco fields, to the eastern cities with their factories, street trades and tenement work, to the southern milks and out to the western beet fields, child labor is being exploited. Farming districts are not blameless. Social agencies now consider that industrialized agriculture presents one of the most serious child labor problems. Forty-eight per cent of the

and the East End Club for the largest ticket sale. The prizes were awarded at home plate by Governor Harry G. Leslie, and Mayor Reginald H. Sullivan. Louis J. Borinstein, Chamber of Commerce president, presented floral offering to the Indians and Norman A. Perry, club president. CHURCHES CHALLENGED High Morale Vital in Crisis, Pastor Tells Brotherhood, A challenge against provincialism and a request that the churches maintain a high morale during the present world crisis was made Tuesday night by the Rev. W. A. Shullenberger, pastor of the Central Christian church, at a dinner of the Fifth district of the Disciples of Christ brotherhood in the Olive Branch Christian church. A score of Indiana* r cities sent delegates to the meeting.

At right is a typical little toiler in industrialized agriculture. She knows her potatoes, but not her A-B-C’s. Scenes like the one sketched at top are common in the poorest class homes, where whole families often are engaged in piecework.

young farm workers—and this means regular hired hands, not chore boys—studied by the White House conference were under 12, and 25 per cent were under 10 years of age. In the truck farms and cranberry bogs of New Jersey, boys and girls, some less than 8 years old, work from eight to eleven hours a day. There are thousands of migratory child workers transported in trucks and housed in wretched temporary quarters. This nomadic life naturally permits little schooling. According to Governor Gifford Pinchot, in April, 1930, there were 225,000 Pennsylvania children 14 to 17 years old who had left school, not all of whom had found jobs. They represented three out

STEVE DENIED SPECIAL DATE Suit Against Daly to Be Heard at Docket Time. By United Press VALPARAISO, Ind„ April 13. Judge Mark B. Rockwell announced in Porter superior court here Tuesday that a special date would not be set for the mandamus action of D. C. Stephenson against Warden Walter Daly of the Indiana state prison. Judge Rockwell said he would adhere to the regular court docket. Previously it had been reported that the date for the trial, which was brought here from Laporte circuit court, would be set Thursday or Friday. Stephenson’s suit seeks to restrain Daly from “listening in’’ on conversations Stephenson has with his counsel. He also alleges that Daly illegally is holding certain documents which would aid Stephenson in his fight for release from prison.

MIDGET BABY MAY RECONCILE COUPLE

By United Press MEMPHIS, Tenn., April 13.—A five-pound one ounce baby girl in St. Francis hospital here may be the means of bringing together the 5 foot 3 inch mother and her estranged midget husband, 36 inches tall. The wife of Baron Jozippie Paucci. the circus midget, gave birth to the girl, who, she hopes, will bring her husband to see the baby—which is normal in every way—and also herself. “I love him,” the 17-year-old mother said, “that's why I married him. We separated recently and I came back here to live with my sister. But we have been corresponding. He isn’t easy to boss. We parted because we were jealous of each other.” By United Press QUINCY, Mass., April 13.—Violet Younie, 20-ounce baby of Hough’s Neck, died suddenly today as her parents began to hope for success in their three-day battle to save her life. Only daughter of a factory hand who has four sons, Violet was being nursed to health and strength by her mother and by her maternal grandmother. Nested in cotton batting, kept warm with hot water bottles in a tiny crib, violet appeared to be thriving on an eye-dropper diet consisting of sixty drops of milk and a like amount of water at twohour intervals. The baby took her regular feeding at 9 o’clock. About an hour later, Dr. Richard M. Ash visited the home and discovered that Violet just had died. At birth Dr. Ash had given the baby only two hours to live. By United Press CRANE, Mo., April .13.—At the age of 1 month, Billie Jean Henderson today weighed two pounds, exactly double his weight at the time of birth. The son of Mr. and Mrs. G. A.

of ten children throughout the state. n u b MILL workers of 14 and 15 are on a nine to eleven-hour schedule in North Carolina. South Carolina has even more lax restrictions. Children there are required to attend school only eighty days each year, and there are exemptions even to that. Canneries, traditional exploiters of child labor, often are exempted from factory regulations, despite frequent unhealthful conditions and long hours. Last fall a United States children’s bureau agent found a girl of 4 sitting in a high chair peeling tomatoes in a southern cannery. In Texas. State Labor Commissioner R. B. Gragg reported finding girls of 12 and under working as late as 1 a. m.

STATE FUND TO AID IN ‘HONOR MURDER’

Hawaii Legislature Comes to Prosecution’s Aid in Fortescue Trial. BY DAN CAMPBELL United Press Staff Correspondent (Copyright 1932. bv United Press I HONOLULU, April 13. —Hawaiian legislative leaders pledged aid to prosecutors in the honor slaying of a native youth today as the territory’s case against four American defendants drew to a swift climax. Governor-General Lawrence M. Judd summoned a “board of strategy” while Prosecutor John Kelley paraded witness after witness before a mixed jury in hopes of proving that Joe Kahahawai’s death was plotted by mild-mannered Grace Bell Fortescue and three navy men. Kelley bent every resource of forestall a temporary insanity defense by the veteran Clarence nar-

Henderson, 18 and 17 years old, thus challenges the right of Charles Bernard St. John of Kansas City to the world flyweight title at birth. ENGINE LOSES TRAIN By United Press HIAWATHA, Kan. April 13.—Engineer R. Hudson of Kansas City glanced over his shoulder as he brought Missouri Pacific passenger train No. 113 to a stop here on time. What he saw caused him to blink. His train was missing. He backed his engine fourteen miles before recovering the lost passenger coaches.

Harlan Let Them Investigate

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A DELEGATION of five from Anderson college, headed by Forrest C. Weir, professor of sociology, claims to have been the first student group permitted to remain in Harlan, Ky., center of strife between coal mine owners and workers. . Accompanying the professor

Entered as Becond-Class Matter at - Poetoffice. Indian-poll*

One class of child labor which can not be fully reported by the census—since much of it is kept under cover—is in home industry. Always present In the poorer districts of all large cities, it spreads likea fungus in depression times. # * M STANDARDS set by the White House conference on child health and protection, and the national child labor committee, call for an age minimum of 16, except that children of 14 may work outside of school hours in a carefully restricted list of occupations. Only two of our states, however, have this 16-year minimum, and the law of one of them applies only to factory work. Six states have a 15-year limit, but two of these have exemptions permitting work at an earlier age during school hours. Thirty-nine states have a 14year limit, but eight of these also have exemptions. Two states have no general age minimum at all. The White House conference has declared for a maximum working day of eight hours, and a forty-four-hour week for all children under 18. For children under 16, the program calls for an eight-hour day for school and work combined. It is declared that night work should be prohibited for minors under 18, except that boys of 16 might work until 10 p. m. nun STATE legislation in general falls far short of these standards. Four states have an eighthour day and 44-hour week for children under 16, but in none of them is the law all-inclusive. Thirty-seven states have an 8-hour day and 48-hour week, but there are numerous exemptions. Eight states permit nine to eleven hours daily, and 51 to 60 hours a week. Twenty-one states permit children under 16 to work seven days a week, and seven allow youngsters under 16 to work after 9 o'clock at night. Those are conditions as they exist today, and which are to be remedied at least in part if the plans of various organizations are successful. But there are other even more sensational aspects of the problem as they affect the child worker himself and the society in which he is expected to take a place. NEXT—Child labor vs. employment, health and education.

row, chief defense counsel, who drafted two psychiatrists from the mainland for this purpose. If the defense carries out this plan, the territory will provide funds to retain alienists of its own, Judd unofficially advised Kelley. Agree Conditionally Hearing Dr. Edward H. Williams and John Orbison, Los Angeles alienists are here, Governor Judd conferred with legislative leaders as to the use of contingent funds for prosecution medical experts. They agreed, the United Press learned, provided territorial funds also be made available to prosecute the second trial of four islanders accused of attacking Thalia Fortescue Massie. Ten prosecution witnesses remained to bolster Kelley’s case that Mrs. Fortescue, her son-in-law, Lieutenant Thomas H Massie, and two seamen, E. J. Lord and A. O. Jones, killed Kahahawai to avenge the attack on Mrs. Messie. Kahahawai was a fifth defendant in the original attack trial, at which the jury disagreed. Agreeable to Darrow With evidence before the jury outlining the kidnaping and slay- j ing of the native last January, Kelley planned to conclude the prosecution today. Darrow voiced no objection to this. The shrewd defense chief made little effort to cross-examine witnesses as they told of finding Kahahawai’s canvas-covered body in an automobile driven by Mrs. Fortescue. Another concluding territorial witness summoned today was a Japanese maid who worked for Mrs. Fortescue last January. She told police the society woman gave her a three-day vacation the morning of the slaying. A neighbor, alleged, to have heard a shot from the house is expected to climax Kelley's case.

Professor Forrest C. Weir, and Frederick Schminke.

were Frederick Schminke and Miss Helen Percy, Anderson; James Matthews, Ravenna, 0., and Miss Elsie Manthis, Kansas City, Mo. Traveling by automobile, the group spent last week-end in the mine war zone, questioning employers. miners and law enforcement officials. They returned to Anderson Monday.

Second Section

RUSSIAN AREA MENACED BY TOKIOGREED American General Asserts Manchurian-Siberian Empire Is Goal. SEES OMINOUS TRENI Japanese Moves Believe ' to Be Leading Up to War. Ma)or-Generai William S. Graves, retired. who commanded an American armv division in Siberia after the World war. la watchlnc todav the continued clash of interests in Manchuria. He Is convinced that Japan never has. for one moment, surrendered a noliev directed toward creation of a Manehnrian-Siberian empire at the expense of Russia- and with the support of ppppet leaders. BY SIDNEY WHirPI.E tTnited Press Staff Correspondent SHREWSBURY. N. J., April 13 One plan dominates the Japanese military mind today, General William S. Graves, U. S. A., retired, believes—the plan for creating a Man-churian-Siberian empire out of territory wrested away from China and Russia. To this end, the Japanese military mind, in his opinion, has

a Japanese-Soviet war as distinctly ominous. Today’s events in the far east offer a sinister significance to his mind Japanese troops on the fringe of Soviet territory; warnings from the Soviet press; establishment of puppet kingdoms in Manchuria; a disregard for the protestations of western nations. These occurrences are particularly ominous, because, to his mind, they are a repetition of an international conflict that began in 1918, when the Japanese, supported by the British and White Russians, nearly embroiled the United States in a far eastern quarrel of startling dimensions. “A Japanese-Soviet war is possible,” the general stated. “I do not think the Soviets want war. I do not even know whether, after the Shanghai incident, Japan actually wants to engage in war. Russia Will Defend Own “But who can read the notes exchanged between the two governments, as published in the Soviet newspaper Izvestia, as recently as March 4, without feeling that Moscow is determined, if not to wage war, at least to defend to the utmost her Siberian holdings?” General Graves recited a list of inflaming documents Izvestia claims to have obtained from high Japanese military authorities to indicate the depth of feeling. One of them, purporting to come from a military leader, said: • “A Japanese-Soviet war, considering the condition of the armed forces . . . must be undertaken as soon as possible.” Another said: “The cardinal aim of this war must be not so much the protection of Japan from Communists, as the conquest of the Soviet far east and eastern Siberia.” Cites 1918 Situation Harking back to 1918, General Graves continued: “I believe then and I believe now, the Japanese military, during the nineteen months I was in Siberia, always had their covetous eyes on eastern Siberia. But Soviet Russia at that time and for a few years later, was not able to resist by force any violation of her sovereign rights. “The question is very different now, and there is no doubt that any effort to send troops into Russian territory would be resisted by force. This indicates, to my mind, there is danger of a conflict between Japan and Soviet Russia in eastern Siberia. “If it should reach Europe, no human mind can foresee how far it will reach.”

placed the extent of the Japanese empire at Lake Baikal. And Lake Baikal. as the map shows, is In Siberia. That is the natural barrier, to the Japanese military, between Russia and the east, between Communism and the Japanese empire. To accompl is h this, General Graves considers the possibilities of

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The delegation said they found concJtions much the same as has been described previously, with much opposition tt> companyowned houses and stores. They heard a charge that after a man injured while at work receives compensation, he finds on recovery that he is without a job.