Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 290, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 April 1932 — Page 4

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St* I OWA.AD

A Timely Suggestion With all groups and classes of citizens agreed that the state legislature should meet in special session to shift the burden of taxation and take steps to preserve the local governments, threatened by tax delinquencies, the suggestion of Representative Evans for an Informal gathering of the members is timely. The Governor insists that he must have a signed contract with a majority of the members that they will pass such laws as he will approve and no others. That, of course, is an invasion of the very theory of government. It amounts to executive dictatorship over the legislative branch. ✓ But if the members of the legislature should meet ond give voice to their good intentions to meet pressing problems in a manner that will solve them, the Governor might be persuaded to call the session. Most of the members of the present legislature are candidates to succeed themselves. The best time to get action is when they fear public wrath. Indignation at some of their actions in the regular session may have been tempered with time and forgetfulness. A special session now would put every member on record at a time when no one would have a chance to forget. Delay means that the same forces that have controlled in the past and are responsible for the plight of the farmer, the small home owner, the business man, the worker, will send their own secret agents back to make the laws. A special session could write a few laws that would lift the tax burden, control the utilities, make some real economies and adjourn before the primaries. Quick action is needed. After the primaries, much of the. present advantage on the part of the people will be lost. Why Japan May Dare While the United States is intent on domestic problem? of taxation, budget balancing, and bonus, and while European nations are struggling with home problems, reparations, and a limping arms conference, Japan continues her military preparations against Russia. More troops are being poured into Manchuria. When Japan began her aggression against China last September, the United States and other powers signatory to the peace treaties violated by Japan had one excuse for their failure to preserve the pacts. They said the incident was a surprise, that they were caught unawares and unprepared to deal with the emergency. That could not excuse their failure' to form a united front for protection of the treaties in the months that followed, but it did explain their initial weakness. No such excuse, however, will be available if Japan follows her present threat and advances on Russia as she invaded China. Our government and the other powers have had plenty of warning this time, But what can our government do? It is said by some officials in Washington that the only effective action in event of Japanese aggression against Russia would be conceited international military or economic measures against Japan—which obviously would not be undertaken. There is another measure, however, which our government could take. It immediately could restore relations with Russia. One of the chief reasons that Japan dares to threaten Russia is the belief in Tokio that America would welcome, or at least not object to, such conquest. That is an erroneous belief, but it can not be refuted so long as the state department continues to outlaw Russia while maintaining cordial relations with Japan, the violator of American treaties. It is an erroneous belief, because the United States can not afford to permit such aggression against Russia. That would destroy the Kellogg pact; it would destroy the balance in the far east, and it almost certainly would lead to a world war, in which we probably would become involved. Asa peace measure—even apart from considerations of justice, or of the Russian t?ade, which we need so much in this time of depression—the United States should re-establish normal relations with Russia at once.

Seabury and Tilden One of' the most interesting sections of Walter Chambers’ capable and lucid biography of Judge Seabury is that in which he details at some length Seaburys real devotion to liberalism and humanitarianism. It long has been a well-established fact that Seabury is a great lawyer and a very capable jurist, but the fact of his liberalism has been less well understood. This began with the defense of John Most, the anarchist, in a mock trial back in Seabury s school days in 1890. Later he came under the influence of Henry George and became a discriminating disciple of George’s crusade against predatorx wealth, especially in the field of land values. He had the satisfaction of watching George’s views gain respectability until President Nicholas Murray Butler commended them in the last commencement day address at Columbia university. Learning the principles of party government under Woodrow Wilson, he early developed an aspiration to combat the evils of machine rule. He has been bucking boss rule and machine politics in both old parties since that time. His career suggests comparison with that other great Democratic lawyer and reformer of New York state fifty years ago, Samuel Jones Tilden. A timely and informing article on Tilden by State Historian Alexander C. Flick of New York appears in the quarterly journal of the New Yhrk State Historical Association. Dr. nick thus characterizes Tilden’s personality and career: “Tilden's name will live in New York and American history as a foe of corruption in Democratic government. He possessed the fundamental qualifications of a great reformer. He was the soul of honor in all his private and public dealings—and believed that all other men should be. ”He never patronized anybody. To him, democracy, reflecting the will of the people, was the most ideal form of government to protect their rights and liberties and to guarantee equal opportunity, security and Justice. Righteous popular government was his religion. “In the hands of designing and dishonest public officials, he realized that its purposes were defeated and it became the worst kind of tyranny and oppression. “He believed in certain fundamental principles for direction of organized society, and his public career was guided by them. Hence he fought dishonesty in party campaigns and in elections. In 1842 his ’Glentworth Pamphlet’ exposed election frauds in the metropolis. He destroyed the Canal ring upstate and the notorious Tweed ring in New York CityU “But he was wise enough to make hn attack

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-BOffAKD NEWSPAPER) t Own*d and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, lnd. Price in Marion County, 2<c*nt* a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a year: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD GDRLET. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley SSSI # WIDCTBDAT. APRIL H. i*2. Member of United l’reaa, Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

only after he had gathered all the facts, was in a position to prove his charges and to expos* his enemies, had an awakened public opinion on his side, and was so intrenched and equipped with weapons that victory would be insured. “Tilden was a political reformer, but not a revolutionist. He was conservatively progressive and believed in gradual modification *of human institumeet new social conditions and altered human needs. He helped to destroy the remnants of feudalism persisting in the land-holding system of New York from the days of patroons. . . . “What he lacked in personal magnetism and eloquence he made up with his intellectual acumen, his skill in weighing human motives, and his ability to analyze - men and movements.” In 1876 Tilden was the candidate of the reform forces to rebuke the scoundrels and scandals of the! Grant administration. He received 4,284,265 votes, 250,970 more than Hayes received. The leading historians of this period regarded him as the legitimately elected President in that campaign. It is not difficult for the unbiased observer to note many striking resemblances between Tilden and Judge Seabury. The outstanding contrast lies in the relative apathy of the New York community in 1932, as compared to the alertness and response back in the sixties and seventies of the last century. This fact is the chief challenge to the future of American democracy. Our Gesture at Geneva If the United States government has nothing better to offer as a disarmament plan than that disclosed by Ambassador Gibson to the Geneva conference, it might as well call home its delegation. That at least would save a certain amount of money and hypocrisy. After all the ballyhoo coming out of the White House and the state department for months about the imperative necessity for arms reduction and the | leadership which America would assume at Geneva, j the Gibson proposal is pitifully inadequate. He proposed total abolition of tanks, heavy mobile i guns, and gases. That amounts to manicuring the nails of the war god. Its effect in junking the war machine or in preserving world peace would be nil. He went on to say that later the American delegation would discuss bombing planes. Behind this American plan, according to Gibson, is the desire to make war or military preparedness a matter of defense rather than offense, and to make it less expensive. Judged by either standard, the plan is a dud. It is no more possible to stop the mechanization of armies, as the American delegation desires, than it was possible to prevent gunpowder ffom replacing the bow and arrow. An agreement to abolish tanks, bombing planes, heavy mobile artillery and military gases would be almost worthless just as the existing partially ratified anti-gas warfare treaties are worthless. The United States war department today justifies its expenditures on a chemical warfare service on the ground that such research and development is necessary, regardless of treaties. Even though governments did not continue such specific open or secret war preparations in violation of treaties, it is well known to all that commercial gases and planes can dc con- | verted overnight irito war gases and war planes and that commercial chemical plants and commercial avi- I ation factories can be converted into war industries at a moment's notice. If the world disarmament conference is to accomplish anything of importance—either with or without f American leadership—it will have to do more than monkey with the mechanics of war. At the moment the United States is having a hard time balancing a budget which is beyond the taxing capacity of the country in time of depression, chiefly because of the staggering army and navy expenditures. Every other nation is in the same fix. Apart from any idealistic consideration, and solely on the hafd ground of economy, failure of the American delegation at Geneva to fight for sweeping and general arms reduction will amount to betrayal of the American people. If the house plan goes through, Filipinos will have to blame their high taxes on their own politicians after 1940. The Columbia university editor who criticised foot- | ball has been thrown out. Columbia evidently believes ( in free speech as long as you don't say anything. Japan ’s all right in her way, says an editorial j writer. The trouble is, we dop't like her way. A young writer, arriving in Hollywood, praised the intelligence of the movie producers There’s a young man who should go far. The only thing soft about modern drinks is the tone of voice you use to order them.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

RELIGION as well as honesty would be served better if we all looked with some suspicion upon the comedian, the bandit, or the politician who turns evangelist. The country, it seems, is filled with such men. A great clamor is made. The papers inform us a terrible sinner has been saved and is ready and even eager to tell all about it. Crowds fill the houses and his reputation as a worker for the Lord is made. Nothing appeals to the popular imagination so much as the sight of a wicked man turned righteous, perhaps for the reason that this so rarely happens. Even, more rarely, I suspect, than we believe. But the prodigal son always can count upon a warm welcome from the church-going public. This is not to argue, of course, that it is not possible for the evil man to change his ways. But, as a usual thing, the person who sincerely desires to reform does not turn preacher. And this is as it should be. The individual who has led a shockingly wicked life, and becomes truly repentent, will be content to serve in a humble capacity in the church. If he longs to atone for his sins, he will not be likely to mount into a pulpit immediately. * M M THE reformed rake who starts to preaching is always an exhibitionist, a grandstander of the worst order. He is consumed by a desire to be in the spotlight. The easiest way for him to manage this is to turn evangelist. Thus, under the guise of godliness, he may indulge in one of the worst of human ambitions—the ambition to acquire publicity. And it is a little sad to see the way in which many good church people fall for these ballyhooers. They #ill neglect their faithful pastors and permit them to survive upon meager pay while they pour money into the pockets of the preacher who comes like a high wind and departs iikefa cyclone.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

“Kill Bonus; Tax Beer; Balance Budget. If You Like My Six-Word Plan of Relief Wire Your Congressman. YORK, April 13.—1 offer the following six-word plan of relief: Kill bonus, tax beer, balance j budget. If you like it, wire your congressman. But first, let's talk it over. 1 The best way of realizing what a i plan means is to try and imagine ; what things would be like if it were ! in effect. Suppose you suddenly got news I that the bonus had been ditched, j that 2.75 per cent beer had been I authorized and would be taxed, and j that the government would be able to balance its budget without many of the special levies which now- impend. Would you feel better, or worse? Ban Why Not Beer? THE time has come to think in simple terms. We face no mystery. The nation’s income has shrunk by about one-third, while the government is running deeper into Bebt. We can not afford to let the government do that for very long. It would shake public credit and public confidence. Governmental can, and should be cut, but no one believes they could be cut enough to make a substantial increase of revenue unnecessary. Meanwhile, the people are in no position to stand a big increase of taxes. The obvious thing is to find new sources of revenue. Why not beer? ana Getting It Anyway IF the American people were not drinking oceans of beer at a high price, there might be legitimate arguments against authorizing and taxing it. „ But, without adding one drop to the consumption, or 1 cent to the price, the government could collect hundreds of millions of dollars. At the same time, it would be knocking the main prop out from under racketeering and gang rule. It is absurd to raise the price of postage stamps, levy on radio sets, or tax autos as long as such a source of revenue is available. It is much more absurd to let bootleggers get away with money which the government needs. a a a Bonus Sophistry WHATEVER else may be said of the bonus, it represents a tremendous outlay of public credit, not for work, or improvements, but for the exclusive benefit of one class. The idea that no one will be worse off if the bonus is paid with paper money should be dismissed as a piece of economic sophistry. Paper money is merely a pledge of the government to pay, a demand note. Any one who has, or gets a $lO bill can go to the bank and draw on Uncle Sam for gold. Assuming that the country could stand a reasonable amount of inflation, we would better think twice before passing out $2,000,000,000 to four million citizens. a a a Ability to Pay THE debt we owe veterans hardly covers the situation. There is a plot or debt throughout the world. It has grown so embarrassing that we make no bones about writing some of it off now and then for the benefit of great governments. More than that, we recognize ability to pay as the proper basis of collection. We have reached a point where we can not afford to be insistent with regard to debt, even the biggest kind of debt, where our only hope lies in moderation, where a false move might shake the structure of civilization itself. Need has become so great and business so poor that no nation has much to spare, save for those in actual distress, where sacrifice must be demanded of every one who can bear it. a a a All in Same Boat Recovery is impossible without general co-operation. The idea that we can make any single group foot the bill, or that we can get ahead by being peculiarly kind to some other group, is absurd. We are all in the same boat for once. Some of us may be a little worse off, but none of us are better off. We can cut our way out of this mess by holding down expenditures on the one hand and finding new sources of revenue on the other. With the bonus out of the way and a reasonably high tax on beer we would have fairly plain sailing.

M TODAY $9 IS THE- W WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

GERMAN ATTACKS FAIL April 13 ON April 13, 1918, British troops recaptured* a portion of Neuve Eglise after fierce fighting with advance German detachments which had seized the town during the previous night’s advance. German attacks on the entire Lys front were beaten off with great loss by British and Australian troops. Several new divisions of Germans were reported participating in the offensive. American troops in the Toul sector engaged in ap all-day battle with strong German patrols, and foiled several enemy efforts to capture sections' of the American trenches. German planes raided Paris. Bombs killed twenty-six persons and wounded seventy-two others. More than 2.000.000 Americans were under arms in the United States and in France. Several divisions in France rapidly were being prepared for front line duty. Do plants breathe? Plants breathe much the same as animals and there are two processes at work, for while they give off more oxygen than carbon dioxide during the day, at night they may give off more carbon dioxide.

* River, Stay 9 Way From My DoorV

~li m I | |

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE " Shellfish Are Valuable in Diet

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hrereia, the Health Magazine. MORE than 80,000,000 pounds of fresh, frozen and smoked fish were produced in the United States in 1930. It is estimiated that 200,000,000 pounds of raw fish were necessary for preparation of these products. A report before the American Public Health Association emphasizes the fact that fish *and shellfish have not occupied important places in the American diet, although for* some peoples and races they are the fundamental dietary substance. In this country, fish usually is used on days that are meatless because of religious observance, and shellfish, such as oysters, clams, shrimp and lobster, usually are considered. Scientists attempting in these

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—The judge asked, “What is the matter with our present day youth?” Two words will answer: The reformers. The drys fought the saloons because they were so narrow-minded they could not foresee the speakeasies. Today they refuse to see. The old-time saloon keeper knew better than to admit a minor. His punishment was fast and furious. The drys did close the saloons. They prevented a decent citizen from buying beer or having it delivered to his home. They made these men home brewers. One man I have in mind bought his 5 cents’ worth of beer every day but Sunday, and left sixteen houses and some cash to his heirs. Saloons were not visited by the elite, but their business was aboveboard. They paid their rent and taxes. We did have a government. Today the rum traffic flourishes behind closed doors. It takes a wallet to get in, but you canH; get out with it. From bankers to school children, they patronize the speakeasy. The family starts with home brew and ends with wheat wine that has a kick like the old army mule. Radicals say, “Why don't the police arrest them?” The police have no way of searching in every home. They don't know what a man has in his cellar or attic. The average man is law abiding, excepting for the eighteenth amendment, and has no connection with the police. Years ago the district police knew every child on their “beat." He understood their problems. Many a bad boy or wild girl who started off on the wrong path came back and made good because the “copper” who walked their beat gave them a break, or good advice and they listened because the police were their friends. Today, because of reformers, Johnny or Mary are told to stay away from that cop. Dad has a batch brewing, brother just brought a load in, and sis probably keeps company with a machine gun hijacker. Our present day youth do not trust the police; they hate and fear them. MRS. C. COLLINS. Editor Times—l was a patient at Sunnyside for fifteen months and I know that- the Sunnyside Guild is doing more good there than people here in town imagine. How any one could spend a Christmas or any other holiday out there and not thank God for such a charitable group is beyond me. Radios, flowers, special dainties, movies and numerous other gifts are given to the patients, and I, for one, want the guild to know that ali were appreciated. Ido not doubt that “Ex-Patient” is in dire need and sincerely hope that the proper authorities will see rhat she gets milk and her much needed nourishment, because I know all this is necessary to one In health and much more so to we who are fighting to regain it, but it isn’t fair to blame a charity organization. Why not find out why she was sent home when her family was unable to care for her? There are patients there whose families could care for them at home. Why don’t they send Jhose people in and let the ones who need it stay? There

times to evaluate food substances according to their basic constituents have found that fish and shellfish are rich in food values and contain many vitamin and mineral constituents necessary to maintenance of health. - In fat, protein and mineral substances, fish compare favorably with other meats. The number of calories per pound is greater in canned fish than in fresh fish. The flesh of the fish is particularly rich in mineral substances, including phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulphur, chlorine, iodine and other metals. The oil of the fish, particularly ecu liver oil, is rich in vitamins A and D, and the roe of most fish are also rich in vitamin A. The proteins in the flesh of the fish include all those found necessary for growth and health In the human body. Os late, special interest has at-

are a lot of things that the taxpayer might investigate, but it surely isn’t the guild. ANOTHER T. B’ER. Editor Times—l would like to ask, Is Mr. H. K. Cuthbertson a state official, drawing a big salary from the taxpayers of Indiana, or an agent of the utility corporations? If he holds his position by the appointment by our Governor, he should be fired instantly. I notice in his last outburst against Mr. McNutt, he uses considerable space in writing quite a sermon about God, and the Divine Master's relations to the actions of men. Possibly Mr. Cuthbertson has some knowledge of divine equipment, but has he made it manifest in his actions as an administrator of justice between the commonwealth of Indiana and the utility corporations? The very first official act of our next Governor of Indiana should be a very radical change in the personnel of the public service commission. Will Mr. Cuthbertson offer a single instance where the commission has shown any regard for the taxpayers of Indiana in their relations with the utilities corporatioas? JOHN ROBBINS. Editor Times—l notice that a taxpayer said our police chief was no fortune teller. That probably is true, but what is wrong with his sight when bootlegging is run wide open like it is in the 500 block on West Washington street? Something is wrong some place. They don’t even try to hide what they are doing from the police. Makes a taxpayer wonder what he *is paying taxes for. Half the time you can’t walk for the drunks and I am afraid that more than five would lose their jobs if the right people got behind the wheel and investigated. TAXPAYER. Editor Times—l would like to say a few words in answer to Charles E. Town of Logansport. I have lived in England, Ireland, Scotian#, and Wales. The breweries and distilleries in those countries employ more than one million men. Now suppose they should enact a prohibition law and forbid any intoxicating liquors to be made, what would be the consequence? There would be one million more added to the unemployed. It is a well-known fact that when the eighteenth amendment became a law, five million men lost their jobs. It- is supposed that there are ten million private breweries and distilleries in the United States. There would be no need for a sales tax if the government was getting a revenue from the beer and whisky that is being made. The liquor industry in the United States was one of the greatest. It brought into the United States treasury more money than anything else and now liquor is being made by two-thirds of the people without any revenue at all. I think it would be the best plan to repeal the prohibition law and let the breweries and distilleries open and put all the unemployed to work. It would cause other industries to open. If the people could work, they could buy. If five million men went back to wq<rk, they could buy five million suits, shirts, shoes, etc.

tached to the amount of iodine in Ash, because it is known that foods rich in iodine are of value In the prevention of simple goiter. It is found again that various fish have differing quantities of iodine. The scallop is not rich in this substance, whereas the clam is exceedingly rich. The soft crab Is even poorer than tfte scallop, but the lobster exceeds the clam.. All fish from salt water contain more iodine thaft those from fresh water. The committee of the American Public Health Association concludes that fish and shellfish are especially valuable in the diet because they offer an easily digestible, nutritious food with adequate protein, fat and mineral constituents, and in some instances large amounts of the vitamins. Furthermore, from the point of view of price, fish offers these valuable substances at comparatively low cost.

The drys who are doing all the yelling are people who don’t go anywhere, or they have good jobs and think if they are satisfied everybody else ought to be. If I was a drinking man, I could be drunk every day under this prohibition law. There never was as much drink and as little food in pre-prohibition days as there is at the present time. I am in favor of repealing the prohibition law and start the wheels of industry rolling. I am not a man who votes dry and drinks wet. TIMES READER. Editor Times—ln your "Questions and Answers” column of March 28 you explained the properties of selenium. May I take the liberty of making a few corrections. Selenium, used for its light sensitive factors, always is a conductor, regardless of light intensity. Selenium, having been annealed, has a very high resistance which changes as the light intensity varies. The selenium is spread very thinly on a insulator, which is not affected by moisture, then two lengths of platinum wire are wound around the insulator coming in contact wHh the selenium and forming the two leads. When exposed to light, it lowers its resistance almost instantly, but with some lag. When it is used to operate machinery, some sort of sensitive relay must be used, as the change in current flow from dark to bright light L<r but a few thousandths of an ampere. CARLOS A. MATHIAS. Editor Times— Julietta Insane hospital under new management. The patients in the institution have had quite a change in working conditions. Extra help has been added in every department, so the patients do not have to work so hard, and they get good meals. Mr. Barrett has added younger patients to the force and everything is being done in a business way, as he is a business man and is a friend to all in the institution. He is giving the place a general cleaning, trimming all the trees and whitewashing and remodeling and painting outbuildings, redecorating interiors, and all the work is done by patients, with no cost to the taxpayer except for material. I am a Republican taxpayer and must congratulate the county commissioners on their splendid selection for superintendent of the has- j Prtal- TAXPAYER. Editor Times—l have lived in Indianapolis all my life, and I have been a Times reader ever since the paper began its existence, and don’t regret it at all. I sometimes wonder If we have a Governor in name only. What has this man done to better conditions in Indiana? It seems that the Indianapolis Power and Light Company, the gas company and the Indianapolis Water Company really are running this city and state. We have a mayor, too. Is that news? Mr. Sullivan and Mr. Leslie should both take a nice trip and forget to come back. lam almost sure the people in general would not miss either one very much. Thank God we soon will have another chance to voice our opinion of them, but there can be a lot of suffering before that time comes. J. P. A-

.APRIL’ 13, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Hudson River Once Crossed Jersey Mountains Instead of Passing Manhattan Island. Geography is a matter of time from the viewpoint of geologists. Rivers,and lakes exist today which once viere non-existent. Inland seas once existed where today there is dry land. Some of the I present deserts once upon a time were swamps. A recent study of the ancient geography of the Atlantic seaboard is contained in "Stream Sculpture on the Atlantic Slope,” just published bv the Columbia university press. Its author is Dr. Douglas Johnson, professor of physiography at Columbia university. According to Professor Johnson, the Hudson river once flowed southwest. crossing the palisades and Watchung mountains of New Jersey to reach Raritan bay. instead of passing Manhattan island on its way to New York harbor. Professor Johnson believes that the water gaps of New England, New Jersey and Pennsylvania resulted from ancient inland extensions of the Atlantic ocean. The coastal plains of New Jersey and other Atlantic states are composed of deposits laid down when these regions were under water. Professor Johnson believes that these deposits once extended from 125 to 200 miles farther inland, over the tops of the present mountains. ana Rivers Stranded REAT rivers flowed from VX northwest to southeast, down the slope of this upraised coastal plain, to enter the Atlantic ocean when the shoreline was far southeast of its present position,” Professor Johnson says. ‘‘The rivers, cutting down through the ancient sea bottom deposits, soon found themselves stranded across the hard rock ridges which make the mountains. “Once started in this abnormal course across the mountain structures, they could not escape, and continued to cut the great water gaps by which most of the great river of the Appalachians find their ways through the imposing mountain barriers. ‘‘Such is the interesting history back of the gorge of the Hudson through the Highlands at West Point, the Delaware Water Gap through Kittatinny mountain, the water gaps of the Susquehanna at Harrisburg, and the Potomac watei gap at Harper’s Ferry." Supporting his belief that, the Hudson previously turned southwestward across the Palisades and flowed through northern New Jersey to Raritan bay, Professor Johnson says: ‘‘This history calls for a very broad gap in the Palisades trap ridge and the rock floor of this gap should be slightly higher than the gap at Paterson in First Watchung mountain, through which the Hudson also is believed to have passed.” a a a Two-Mile Gap studies led to the discovery VX that a river-carved gap two miles wide, having its bottom from 180 to 200 feet above sea level, does exist in the Palisades trap ridge near the little town of Piermont on the west shore of the Hudson nearly opposite Tarrytown,” Professor Johnson continues. “It thus will be seen that this gap, called Sparkill Gap after the small stream which now flows where the great Hudson used to run, compares favorably in size and elevation with the other gaps supposed to have been cut by the ancient Hudson.” Professor Johnson indicates that when the Hudson took this southwestern direction, it only was doing vhat the Delaware river does today when it turns southwest in the vicinity of Trenton. The Susquehanna and the Potomac also turn to the southwest after < crossing the Appalachian mountains, he explains, adding that ‘‘the mystery as to why these rivers make such big bends has never been satisfactorily solved. “After flowing southwest through the Sparkill gap in the Palisades, and the two broad gaps in First and Second Watchung mountains near Paterson, the river recrossed the Watchung mountains farther south by a bend toward the southeast, cutting the broad gaps now found at Short Hills and Milburn, N. J. “Thence the great stream appears tb have flowed into the Raritan river and so to the sea.”

Questions and Answers

What becomes of money taken in at basketball games? The schools finance their own athletic program and the regular season basketball games pay for all other sports, A percentage of sectional and regional tournament receipts is kept by the host school, and the remainder is divided among competing teams. In the state finals, the money is used to finance the I. H. S. A. A., and SIO,OOO yearly rent is paid on the Butler fieldhouse. At the present time there is a big reserve supply in the bank, which is to be divided soon. For complete details, write Arthur L. Trester, 812 Circle Tower building, commissioner of the I. H. S. A. A. How long is a generation? Th e dictionary defines a generation as “the average life time of the persons in a community; commonly estimated as one-third of a century.” What portion of the church membership of the Dominion of Canada is Roman Catholic? The number of Catholics in Canada, according to the last census, was 3,389,636 out of a total membership of 8,788,483. i c *' ec * l dated on Sunday collectable? The date of a check does not affect its validity. Daily Thought WTiat therefore God hath joined together let not man put asunder.—Matthew 9:24. Happy and thrice happy are they who enjoy an uninterrupted union and whose love, unbroken by any complaints, shall not dissolve until the last day.—Horace.