Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 283, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 April 1932 — Page 6

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More Mar Clouds If Japan carries out her reported plan to attack Russia and that l"aas to a world war, America may be partly to blame. The state department's antiRussian policy is interpreted in Japan as encouragement for her imperialistic plans in Siberia. This newspaper does not share Japans interpretation of American policy. We believe the state department, as well as American public opinion, is opposed to Japanese aggression. But it is not altogether the fault of the Tokio militarists that they misinterpret American policy. Tokio can not be expected to know that surface appearances in this case are misleading. So long as the United States continues to ban Russia as an outlaw, while maintaining friendly relations with the treaty-destroying Japanese government, Tokio will take it for granted that America would side with Japan ard against Russia in event of war. The fact that Japan is mistaken does not make her policy any loss dangerous to world peace. Out of just such a cosily mistake came the last World war. The kaiser’s government probably would not have risked a war had it known that Great Britain would fight against Germany. Had Great. Britain made clear her position beyond possibility of misinterpretation in Berlin, the war might have been prevented. So today, if the United States made clear to the world in general and to Japan in particular that America will consider any aggressor against Russia as an enemy of world peace and an outlaw under the Kellogg pact, Japan probably would be stopped in her mad adventure. Otherwise, the risk of war is great. Neutral observers in Russia and in the far east agree with official American reports that Russia is trying to avoicl war- Russia is minding her own business—the very vital business of improving internal conditions through the five-year plan. But the neutral observers in that area also agree that Japanese conquest in northern Manchuria and Japanese movement of troops along the Russian border have forced Russia to concentrate forces in preparation for defense. Both Japan and Russia are rushing more troops to the danger rone. The situation is extremely explosive. Japan is said to be backed by certain French and British interests. Meanwhile, France's military allies, Rumania and Poland, are described as ready to invade Russia from the west if Japan attacks from the east. That would mean world war. All Europe would be drawn In. America would have less chance of escaping that war than the last war. In this emergency, no mistaken notion abroad about American policy should be allowed to start such a v/ar. If America is opposed to such a war, it is time to say so. The American-made Kellogg pac f covers both China and Russia. In the case of China, America’s protest came much too late to stop Japanese aggression. In the case of Russia, there is yet time to stop Japanese aggression— and the world war which may result.

Autos and Employment Just how basic the automobile industry has become in this country is shown by recent statistics in regard to the number of persons employed. In the year 1930, there were 4,151,000 men and women directly engaged in some sort of work in connection with the manufacture, sale or operation of automobiles. In addition, there were 900,000 who were employed indirectly in the industry. As evidence of the local interest in the industry, General Motors reports the employment of 9,116 persons in this and two adjoining counties, with their families a very sizable city by themselves. This is one of the reasons why such shows as are now in progress at the fairground are. in reality, public occasions. What happens to the motor industry will have a real effect on all other business. Public Power Pays , That we have refused to emulate Canada's unpopular sales tax does not mean that the dominion can noi teach us many things. In two respects, at least, we believe Canada has been more just and wise than has the United States. Refusing to be frightened by the word ‘dole,” it has given government aid to the hungry. Refusing to let private power interests write its economic policies, it has stood loyally by Ontario's publicly owned system that even in hard times is successful. In its report to the Ontario legislature, the hydroelectric power commission reveals that last year hydro reserves jumped to $62,211,000, an increase of $7,165,000, and that the province and municipalities have a total investment in the big plant of $265,000,000. According to "Labor,” the government project is so successful that many cities last year reduced rates ‘already lowest in the world.” In Ottawa, we are told, domestic consumers psy only nine-tenths cent a kilowatt hour, whereas the average cost to domestic consumers in the United States is 6.5 cents. Many towns and cities in the United States are finding city-owned electricity plants a paying investment in these limes of high taxes. Some have substituted power profits for taxes. Cities like Jackspmille, Seattle, Tacoma, Los Angeles and Pasadena stand as monuments to profitable community ownership. Other cities are falling into line as onerous taxes drive them to search for new revenues. Economy Versus Subsidy The worried gentlemen in congress responsible for the economy end of the budget-balancing problem have received at least one valuable suggestion from President Hoover. He proposes reorganization of the government's merchant marine activities. The most cursory study should disclose that even more economy than the President had in mind is not only possible, tut sensible. Transfer of present shipping board activities to the department of commerce, with creation of anew body to regulate water commerce rates, would save little or nothing in administrative expenses, but alteration of the mail subsidy and construction loan subsidy policies of the government would accomplish a saving of millions. The government has set aside $142,994,082 for loans for merchant marine construction in the last few years, and, tn addition, has given the borrowers mail subsidies amounting to more than twenty-eight million dollars a year. This policy has nothing to do with efficient transportation of the mails. Foreign shipping lines in many cases could perform that sendee satisfactorily for a fraction of the sums now being given American steamship lines. And when the merchant marine and the tariff policies of our government are considered in relation to each other the effect is comic. We are pouring fniUions of dollars into the coffers of steamship own-

The Indianapolis Times - <A scmrrs-HowARD >ewrpapkr> OwnM and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time# Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, lnd. Price in Marion CountT 2 cent* a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 rents a week. Mail subscription ratea in Indiana. S3 a year; outside of Indiana. (15 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. EARL D E.iKER Editor President Buslnes, Manage* PHONE — Riley 5551 TUESDAY. APRIL. . 1912 Member of United Press. Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ers to encourage the foreign trade which w e shut out with our high tariff wall. A 50 per cent reduction in ocean mail subsidies would save fourteen million dollars in the coming fiscal year. It would prevent expenditure of as much more from the construction loan fund. It would, perhaps, cause some steamship companies distress, but it might cause them to discover, at last, that their road to prosperity lies through a lower tariff wall, not through the taxpayers’ pocketbook. The issue is: Federal subsidy versus federal economy. The Great Economic Systems A reader has sent the following reasonable request: ‘ Please write an article summarizing the meanings of, and the differences of Capitalism, Fascism, Socialism and Communism.” This is not so easy as it seems. There is no agreement among capitalists, Fascists, Socialists and Communists as to exactly what each system means. But it will be possible to bring out clearly the essential characteristics and differences. Capitalism is an economic system which has come into existence mainly since 1500. It is based upon a number of elements: (1) movable goods, in distinction from purely landed Avealth; (2) unlimited private property; (3 elaborate development of money and credit institutions; <4) boundless acquisition; (5) complete competition and purely automatic regulation of econcmic processes and institutions; (6) private profits; and (7) repudiation of any notion of class or social responsibility for social disaster or social relief. Outstanding characteristics are: (1) dynamic desire for profits and acquisition, without any particular relation to personal need or consumptive powers, and (2) the notion that the natural laws of competition will bring about the most benevolent social results automatically.

In practice, the system comes down to the effort to dispose of the largest possible volume of the lowest possible marketable quality of goods and services for the highest possible pecuniary returns. More recently there has come into being theoretical conceptions of anew or enlightened capitalism. This insists upon higher wages to laborers, so that purchasing power can be sustained, upon industrial planning to prevent economic anarchy, and upon curtailment of profits. Thus far, however, enlightened capitalism has been limited mainly to phrases. Some of its tenets have been applied in the "rationalization” scheme in Germany. Fascism technically began in Italy and there represents a system of dictatorship based on a combination of super-patriotism and syndicalism. But the term has come to have a wider implication in common use. It invariably is associated with anti-demo-cratic dictatorship, but it is broader than antidemocratic methods which are shared by the Communists.

For all practical purposes, Fascism is the political dictatorship of groups organized to preserve private property interests. These may be primarily capitalistic, as in Italy, or chiefly agrarian, as in Hungary. Radicals charge that enlightened capitalism is the first step to Fascism. In all cases it makes a vigorous effort to link private property with patriotic devotion. Os the types of Socialism there are no end utopian, transitional, Marxian, revisionist, guild, state, Christian, and the like. But today only state, Marxian. and revisionist Socialism count. All have one common element: namely, a desire to increase the state control and direction oi economic processes. It is here that they challenge most directly the unlimited individualism and competition of oldline capitalism. State socialism may be capitalistic or Communistic. So far it has been chiefly capitalistic, represented notably by such things as German ownership of railroads. Marxian socialism contemplates complete state absorption of economic activities and collective ownership of wealth, its lesser dogmas, like the labor theory of value, need not concern us. It utterly refuses to compromise with capitalism or to accept any reforms from capitalistic sources. Revisionist Socialism, represented by the moderate Socialism of Germany, the British labor party, and the like, is willing to accept piecemeal capitalistic reforms on the way to revolution and to make certain concessions to capitalistic institutions. Communism, as understood today, simply is Marxian Socialism in operation. One might have Communism through anarchism and syndicalism as well. But the term is used today to define complete col-lectivization-common ownership—of industry under state control. The Russian Bolsheviks are the Russian Marxians, who have put Marx's theories into practice, with some minor modifications. There are Marxian Socialists who assert that they reject Communism, but such persons lack either logic or courage. Marxism is Communism, and there is no way of dodging the matter.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

ONE of the funniest things about our cult of modern beayty is that while it is encouraged on the theory that it will hold husbands, its devotees lose their swith alarming reguarity. The truth is that we women are son intent on preventing the men from escaping over the back yard fence that we leave the front door wide open so they can walk out on us. Beauty culture for hobbling straying husbands is largely a failure. A lot of ladies who depended upon it now suffer from diminishing alimony returns as well as from plucked eyebrows. If they had coaxed along theid husbands* half as hard as they did their complexions, they could have had a comfortable fireside seat cinched forever. Instead, they though they should go off to salons They were so busy enhancing their charms that they had no time left to practice the arts of the good wifeand special ‘shoppes” and take hair-raising treatments and invest in wrinkle lotions and unguents. * * * IN this whole chase after beauty I think we underesiimate the good sense of men. Our husbands are not half so concerned to have us appear walking fashion plates and glorified chorus girl as we imagine. Most of such prapaganda has been splendid salesmanship on the part of the cosmeticians. Every man likes to look at a pretty face, but he gets bored with it very soon if there is nothing behind it. And the American husband does not hanker to be greeted at his door each evening by a charm school graduate. He’d much rather see a good-na-tured, friendly, comforable-looking wife. In can't imagine anthing more tiring, even for a Don Juan, than having a siren around the house all the time. And remember this, anew marcel may bowl over your friends completely and still leave your husband cold.

■THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M: E: Tracy Says:

A Program Implies Purpose, and That Is What Our Government Has Larked Ever Since “Prosperity” Collapsed. New YORK. April s.—President Hoover does well to call on congress for "a complete national program of economy.” He would have done better to formulate the program himself. That is one reason why we have a President. A program is essential to sQccess at all times. It is particularly essential in the face of an emergency. The government should have had a program long before this- not alone for economy’s sake, but to coordinate its forces. - A program implies purpose, and that is what the government has lacked ever since “prosperity” collapsed. What’s Our Goal? JUST exactly what are we driving at as a nation? Just exactly what have we been driving at since the World war? We have been told that our great objective was the abolition of poverty, but we have far more of it than we did three years ago. Outside of that, the abolition of ppverty represents a human, rather than a national aim. We need something that is more definite, that people can visualize as peculiarly American. A nation like ours can not buckle down to business without objectives that are concrete and that can be attained within a reasonable length of time. * n a Soviet Plan Specific THE five-year plan goes far toward explaining the phenomenal success of Soviet Russia. It was specific; it set marks that people could see and had a chance to reach; it stood for achievements that could be measured and completed. Mussolini has led Ital” by a similar method, constantly hias given the j people some goal to work for, some j project to carry out, some enterprise : on ivhich to center their attention. ! People need that sort of inspiration, whether as individuals, members of a club, or citizens of a country.

Wartime Fervor LOOK at what we did during 1917 and 'lB, how we mobilized and trained four million men, how we threw half of them into Europe, how we built cantonments and ships, how we unified the thought and power of the whole country. It was because we had a definite task to think about and perform, a challenge to meet, a problem to solve. We don’t need war to get that sort of thing. There are challenges and problems all around us if we could only realize it. We can not realize it, without leadership, which brings us back to the original idea of a program.

Strength Unchallenged WE have done a rather splendid job in road building during the last ten years, because the auto centered our attention on roads and because a lot of promoters and politicians got behind the idea. We could do just as good a job in developing inland waterways, creating parks, or instituting homebuilding enterprises, if we only thought so. We are thinking in ruts which have ceased to be national in their appeal. The United States of America has no project on hand worthy of her strength and size. "The people of the United States of America have no common cause to interest them, no vast improvement to make, no belief that they will be better off if they work together toward some common goal. * tt u Leadership Fails INSTEAD of accepting the business slump as a challenge to make sweeping adjustments, as a starting point for new purposes and projects, our leaders took it as a calamity which would pass away of its own accord if given time. "Prosperity was right around the corner,” they kept telling us, as though such baby pap was strong enough for the greatest nation on earth. We need a program that will include something bigger than mere saving and that will promise something better than a return of rotten conditions which placed us where we are.

M TODAY % 9 ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

GERMANS RENEW 7 ATTACKS April 5

ON April 5, 1918, German troops on the Somme delivered a series of terrific attacks on British positions and succeeded in reaching the Albert-Amiens railway before being thrust back by a counter-attack. Renewal of the drive in this region had been expected and explained the presence at the front of strong British reserves. Meanwhile. French troops on the ether side of the salient attacked and succeeded in: improving their positions near Cantigny. They reported the frtmt heavily held by crack German divisions. American troops-in the Lorraine sector were engaged in increasing trench activity. French and British estimates of German losses in the March offensive ran as high as 500,000. Military experts believed that the crisis caused by the temporary collapse of the British Fifth army was over. They rapidly were making plans to stop a second major offensive, expected witiiin a few weeks against the French troops. German bulletins claimed that nearly 100,000 prisoners had been taken and German newspapers said the British army was beaten.

Daily Thought

Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me.—Psalms 23:4. This book of stars (the Bible) lights to eternal bliss.—George Herbert,

And the Key in the Door All This Time

—DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Dress for Weather, Not Season

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hrxeia, the Health Magazine. QUESTION of the Childs clothing is perennial, yet its importance justifies the consideration that is given to it. It generally is understood that chilling predisposes to colds and to infections. Prolonged exposure to cold due to insufficient clothing, Dr. Fritz P. Talbot believes, may undermine health seriously through diminishing resistance to disease. Practically every form of animal life, except the human being, comes into existence with some protection against exposure. The human body at birth is practically devoid of air and extra covering is needed at once to prevent loss of heat. The temperature of the human body remains approximately at a

IT SEEMS TO ME by

"T ET me tell you two gentlemen .L/ straight from the shoulder—” As I caught this fighting phrase of the Governor of the state of New York, you could have knocked me over with a politician's promise, Coming from Franklin Roosevelt, it seemed so strange and so sudden. In the political ring Mr. Roosevelt has adopted some of the technique of Jack Dempsey. But not all of it. Like the pugilist, he is fond of weaving and of bobbing. And the Governor also employs a crouch. But Dempsey used to come out of that crouch with both fists flying. Upon numerous occasions he would set himself and let drive for some one’s jaw. Franklin Roosevelt went into a crouch, more than a year ago, when his name first was mentioned prominently for the presidency, and until just now he never had come out of it. That’s what made his “straight from the shoulder” seem so thrilling. tt tt tt That's Telling 'Em “AT last,” I said to myself, "he is going to lash out at corruption and inefficiency in our political community. He has taken to heart the disclosures which have been made about Tammany and tin boxes. He is going to deliver a hammer blow for common honesty among office holders.” But then I came to the end of the sentence. The Governor was not aroused to fighting pitch by any doings of the Tiger, His blazing wrath was directed against John Haynes Holmes and Stephen Wise because they had the temerity to attack Tammany and two of the men whom it put in office. Technically, there was much to be said for the Governor’s position. From the beginning of recorded history there has been a great deal to be said for all Governors who washed their hands before the multitude. And again, I mean “technically.” Sheriff Farley told a strange story in accounting for his bank deposits, and Franklin Roosevelt removed him from office. But, in all justice to the Governor, it must

What s Your Name Mean? Where and you get your family name? What does it mean? Did it come from an occupation, a locality, a physical characteristic, of one of your forebears of ancient times? Family names have each a history and a meaning. Their origins are full of interest. Our Washington bureau has ready for you a bulletin on Surnames, covering the origins and meanings of 500 of the most common family names borne by people in the United States, derived from all languages and every spot pn the globe. You will be interested in learning the meaning and origin of your name, and those of your relatives and friends. Fill out the coupon below and send for this interesting bulletin. CLIP COUPON HERE Department 170, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C : I want, a copy of the bulletin, Surnames, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No ’. City ; state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

certain level, even though the outdoor atmosphere varies within wide limits. There is an internal regulating mechanism that adjusts the temperature, cooling the body by development of perspiration and evaporation of the perspiration from the surface, and heating the body through muscular action. When there is too much heat lost from the surface of the body, chilling occurs, hence clothing is worn to prevent loss of heat. The temperature of the skin. Dr. Talbot points out, varies on different parts of th body. It is warmest over the trunk, which contains the large organs whose activities are so necessary to health. The coldest parts of the body are the extremities. When a body is exposed to cold, its suface becomes cooler, but the internal temperature remains at normal.

be admitted that the operation was performed under the anesthetic of a kindly courtesy. There was no “straight from the shoulder” business then. The matter was treated less as a sin than a misfortune. The poor old sheriff had happened to play the wrong ball or pick up the wrong tin box and so subjected himself technically to disqualification. It was held that an elected official "owes a positive public duty to the community to give a reasonable or credible explanation of the sources of the deposits.” Without wishing to hurt the feelings of Sheriff Farley in any way, I can not refrain from expressing the opinion that Sheriff McQuade excels him in construction, style and the creation of suspense. His like scarcely has been seen since the death of the Brothers Grimm. As I remember, there were thirtythree other McQuades involved in the narrative. In some of the later novels of Wasserman I have become a little confused on account of the excessive number of characters, but the motivation of every McQuade was crystal clear from beginning to end. It was tied together by a single slogan, which beat almost like the roar of the sea in a play by Eugene O’Neill—“McQuades must live.” v n n Long and Short of It AS I have said, the Rooseveltian rejection of Farley did not imply any lack of merit, but it seems that McQuade can not be turned down, because the Governor believes he is what the public wants. It took the Governor rather a longish piece to express what Tammany says in a single sentence. The motto of the Hall runs, “Anything goes as long as you can get aw r ay with it.” It is pleasant to see Democrats of high and low degree standing together thus in ardent and angry defense of civil liberties. Those who hold that Franklin Roosevelt is by no means subservient to Curry or McCooey may, of course, find some consolation in the Governor’s letter. Sheriff Mc-

This Is a safety device for keeping heat in the parts of the body most essential to life. Dr. Talbot emphasizes the fact that clothing which may be correct in weight and texture for one part of the body may be quite inadequate for another. Since the feet incline to be cold much easier than other parts of the body, wool stockings in winter will aid in keeping the feet warm. and prevent too much strain on the heat regulating mechanism. There was a time when human beings used to change their clothes according to the season of the year. Nowadays the type and the weight of clothing are adjusted to the weather of the day concerned. People who seldom get outdoors may wear much lighter clothing than those compelled to spend much time in a frigid atmosphere.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those oi one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement nr disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

Quade did not escape unscathed: “I am perfectly frank in saying that if I had been a resident of Kings county last autumn I would not have voted for Sheriff McQuade.” Nor was Franklin Roosevelt content to stop even with this excoriation. He added with a magnificent burst of denunciation, "I would have voted against him!” Ardent, but Also Academic THESE are brave words and bravely spoken. Os course, the captious may point out that Franklin Roosevelt isn’t a resident of Kings county and that this isn’t last autumn. But that’s technical, too. I would have nothing check Franklin Roosevelt, while the present frenzy for good government and against corruption is on him. I suggest that he outline even more clearly his attitude toward get-rich-quick officials. Will not the Governor, while the crusading spirit lasts, promise to send the next erring official to bed without his supper? I realize that a Franklin Roosevelt Is slow to anger, but terrible when aroused, and so I would not have the Governor pour all the vials of his wrath upon any corruptionist. He might even be moved in the case of some flagrant rascal to break the fellow’s umbrella across his knee, exclaiming sternly, ‘And now, sir, I hope it rains!" Indeed, I have it on good authority that Straight - from - the - Shoulder Frank has grown so bold and so independent that he didn’t send Mr. Curry a chocolate egg for Easter. iCoDvrist. 1932. bv Ths Timps)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—For years the politicians and mouthpieces of our money-bag rulers have been telling the “dear people” that this is a country of ‘‘liberty, equality and justice for all.” And of all these words they probably have mouthed “justice” the most. “Justice” always is on their lips, and it is precisely in the name of justice that they take away from the masses all the rights of liberty and equality. It is in the name of justice that they persecute the champions of liberty and equality. “Justice.” indeed, has been so descecrated by its professors that it has become a mockery to the people. What, for instance, has “justice” had to do with the Luesse case. For championing the idea of social justice, Luesse was given a year's sentence and fined SSOO besides, a cruel and vindictive sentence that fdirminded people shudder at with horror. In Indiana, they call such a sentence “justice.” Now Luesse has served his year, but the fine still stands, and for lack of a remission from Governor Leslie he must sweat it out. The Governor has been duly petitioned to remit the fine, but is too busy apparently considering applications of hardened criminals. ,So Luesse must continue to do time, all in the name of “justice,” no doubt. Justice, true justice, it seems, is beyond our reach. But if we cant get justice, we at least oughfeto be

.APRIL 5, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Chinese Burial Caves Yield Rare Collection of Images of Human Beings. CHINESE tombs dating back to the beginning of the Christian era are being explored by Dr. David C. Graham, a collaborator of the Smith sonian Institution. The United States national museum, which is operated by the Smithsonian Institution. Just has received a large collection of artifacts gathered by Dr. Graham from these tombs. The tombs, chiseled out of solid sandstone, are found by the thousands scattered through Szechwan province in western China and along the Tibetan border. The Chinese have held to the belief that these sandstone caverns had been the dwelling place of aborigines who occupied the country before the coming of the Chinese. Dr. Qraham, however, could find no evidence for this belief, and has discovered instead that the caverns were tombs dating back to she oeginning of the Christian era. The caves usually are found in steep places and vary in depth from a few to as much as 130 feet. They are about 6 feet* wide and 6 feet high. Dr. Graham reports that chisel marks are clearly visible in the rocks. U U tt Figure of Clown “/''vF special interest,” Graham V-J reports, “are the images of human beings. Some of these may show the extraordinary perristenre of custom over thousands of years. “One figure, for example, appears to be that of a clown or comedian. It suggests that the cave builders had reached a cultural stage where they were devotees of the theater. “The left eye,” Graham continues, “is half closed, while the other is w'ide open. The face is contorted, the mouth is drawn out of shape and the tongue protrudes. “A bit of plaster adheres above the right eye, but there is nothing to indicate that the entire face was whitened. On the Chinese stage today it is customary for clowns to whiten themselves around the eyes. A second possible stage figure is p strange human being having large tusks and a long tongue hanging down his chest. The Chinese say this figure still persists in local theatricals and has been known on the stage for hundreds if not thousands of years. "We may assume that the people who constructed these caves admired beautiful women, for the artifacts include many fragments of female figurines. A number of heads in our collection show r undeniable beauty and unquestioned skill on the part of the artist. Some have jewels on their hats.

Grace and Beauty "I’M most cases the features are indicate rather dimly, but there is a smile in each case and the eyes and noses are distinctly Mongolian,” Dr. Graham continues. *in this they resemble present-day Chinese, and, according to Chinese standards at least, both grace and beauty are recognized.” Apparently it was fashionable for girls to be slender. Nearly all the figurines found by Graham were of this type. The only exception was the image of a girl with a double chin and her hair arranged with bangs cut off just above the eyebrows a popular form of coiffure among girls of the locality to this day. One of the most common artifactn found by Graham in the Szechwan caves is the earthenware coffin. Sometimes one is seen still containing human bones. Almost all the caves hare coffin niches, but in some cases the coffins merely are cavities chiseled in the stone and fitted with stone lids. The clay images of human beings and animals,” Graham says, "presumably were placed in the tombs as substitutes for real persons and animals indicate the stage of culture at which the makers had arrived. "There is much evidence that among the ancient Chinese it was customary to kill and bury human beings with kings, nobles and others of the upper classes. With them, also were buried fowls, gods, jewelry and money. “Later, images of wood and straw were substituted for the living, and by the Szechwan cave period it was customary to use clay images.”

able to rotten-egg those who take its name in vain. MELVIN S. WALLEUMEYER. 1054 South Sheffield. Editor Times—Will you please forward my congratulations to Postmaster Leslie D. Clancy on his intelligent stand on prohibition. I am just a young man 25 years of age. not long out, of school, but old enough to have been around quite a bit. It is very gratifying to see that at least one big man would like to see this old world a better place to live in, at least for his children. L i E ' IJ York and a few morp of he torrid drys could see some of the dives that children of the high school age frequent they would be ashamed to tell the great American SJt of il 3t 4 big laUgh they gct Old Andy Volstead really started something in this great land o? the free when he caused the people to go behind locked doors to indulge do fest ' Wh *t if thev do have to hang a big sign on the postoffice stating -that Mr. Clancv now would be a bartender to the American people. That would be much better than sliding down some alley and buying some paint-remov-er for good whisky, and I will sav one thing although I never have had the pleasure of knowing L D Clancy, I would bet my last dollar that he distribute it without graft, and that is about the biggest item we have on hand at the nresent time. The drys will tell you that I am a drunk and an illiterate, but I am just one of the thousands of young men that would like to go in there and clean it up. Y(^ u ,^ now a great man once said: A little child shall lead them ” Again, I say hurrah for Clancv and more power to him. _FRANK T. WILLIAMS. What four high schools have the largest enrollment in Chicago. The Carl Schurtz high school has 8.106 pupils; the Austin, 6.547, the Lindbloom 5,153, and the Roosevelt 5,102.