Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 266, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 March 1932 — Page 4

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“No Work, No Food” Conservative forces of the state should at once protest against the unbelievable statement that the Hoover unemployment relief agencies in this state have adopted the policy of “no work, no food.” It is exactly because men are unable to find work that there is any need of relief. It is exactly because of the failure of any other policy of the administration to relieve the economic situation that private and public charity have become burdensome to the point that it is now proposed to starve the victims of unemployment into peasantry. The general outline of the plan is that any family that does not take advantage of small gardens this summer can expect no food next winter. The garden plan has its good points—and its inevitable evils. These gardens, if universal, would drive out of business the farmer who now lives by the growing of Vegetables. It means an addition to the unemployment situation and an aggravation of the farmers’ troubles. It Is another layer to the snowball. In times of famine it may be a fine plan. But the country is not suffering from any lack of food. It is suffering from the lack of jobs for industrial workers and a purchasing power in cities and on farms that will put men back to work. The garden plan, in the last analysis, is a trek back to the days of hand labor, to primitive standards of living, to the abandonment of the machine in industry. It is a return to semi-savagery. Highly improved farm machinery, especially power machinery, can care for vast production of food. To force each city worker wno can find no job to raise his own food must be followed by an equally insistent demand that each farmer make his own shoes and his own clothes. This Indiana interpretation of the Hoover relief ipolicy must have been a mistake. No engineer with a scientific mind could have contemplated such a travesty. And certainly no man with a heart could have ever invented a slogan “no work, no food” in a situation where men are unable to find work. The big hunt in still for jobs, and jobs that will pay men enough to buy food from those whose business it is to raise food. The time is here for every American citizen to demand his inalienable right to work and to work at a saving wage. The People Pay, of Course When Public Service Commissioner Cuthbertson again turned a deaf ear to the petition of the people of this city for lower electric rates, he added unnecessary evidence to the public that the people have no chance under the present politically controlled commission. Mayor Sullivan pleaded in vain that Cuthbertson had misunderstood—and he might have added “with deliberation”—the petition of the city for action. The city had furnished names of coal dealers who might possibly testify to the nefarious practices of the company in the purchase of coal from its town, dealers who would fear reprisals by the banking friends of the utility if their names were known. These names had been promptly delivered by Cuthbertson to the newspapers and, by inferential charge, to the utility. This utility, with its unscrupulous agents, can now be depended upon to properly terrify these dealers. The city had called attention to the fact that the company used an entirely different set of figures in its report to the commission from the ones used to sell stock to the public. It will not be the purpose of Cuthbertson to justify the commission reports and alibi that he has no Interest in any apparent imposition on the public in stock sales. Tile important fact of all is that Cuthbertson had assented to a 20 per cent cut of rates in Marion, where rates already were lower than those in Indianapolis, upon the ground that deflated prices ol labor and commodities demand a cut in rates. By that declaration, the rates in this city should have been immediately reduced. The people are entitled to relief now, not before industries have been bankrupt and real estate values confiscated by the extortions of these utilities. The truth is that the utilities dominate the government of the state. They have controlled the legislatures by their lobbies. They have controlled Governors by their contributions. They control puppets by their control of appointive jobs. The people pay and pay and pay. Tax Alternatives One of the amazing aspects of the tax fight in congress is that no one defends the general sales tax. All admit that it is a bad tax. inefficient and unjust. The best that advocates can say for It is that it is a necessary evil. They favor it not because they like it, but because there is no choice in the matter. The federal budget must be balanced and there is no other way to do it—so they say. This kind of argument sounds plausible enough, but, in our judgment, it will not stand close inspection. There are two ways to balance a budget. One is to increase income, the other is to cut outgo. Both methods must be used. But in hard times, an individual or a corporation or a government finds it difficult. to increase income, and therefore must rely first on reducing expenses. In this emergency neither the administration nor the house Democratic leaders who have written this general sales tax bill, have exhausted the possibility of federal economies. To take only one outstanding example, savings of many millions can be made in military and naval equipment and in merging the war and navy departments in the interest both of efficiency and economy. Having reduced by economies the amount necessary to be raised, there are several methods other than a general sales tax which can be used to get the money. It is true that the income tax will not produce enough revenue in this time of low incomes to balance the budget. But It also is true that an increase in the income tax rate to war-time levels, opposed by the administration and by the Democratic authors of the general sales tax. would make up part of the shortage. Then there is the luxury tax. If there must be a sales tax of some kind in this emergency, and we think tnere must be, all of it can be placed on luxuries and none on necessities. Until the possibilities of a luxury sales tax have been exhausted, it is as unreasonable as it is unjust to place a special tax on the things essential for survival of the poor man and his family. Nor should the much-ridiculed idea of a beer tax

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKirrS-HOWAHD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishes Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, fndianapolia. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delirered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates In Indiana. $3 a year: outside of Indiana. 63 cents a mouth. BOYD CURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor | President Business Manager r HONE— It I ley SMI WEDNESDAY. MARCH IS, 1933 Member of United Presa, Scrlpna-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

be dismissed. We fail to see anything amusing in the proposal of a beer tax as an alternative to a general sales tax. The beer is being made and sold, whether It is taxed or not. Why should the government, in such a dire budget emergency, be forced to forego that source of revenue? The authors of the general sales tax bill are going to make a special levy on some bootleg raw materials, anyway. It would be less hypocritical, besides more effective, to tax bejr outright. Here, then, are alternatives to the $600,000,000 general sales tax: A reduced deficit through further economies, the remaining deficit to be covered—if a beer tax can not be passed—by a combination of war-time income and inheritance taxes, plus a heavy sales tax limited to luxuries and semi-luxuries. Presidential Referendum When Senator La Follette says that under existing conditions the people of this country have no effective voice in selection of candidates for the presidency, he states a truth that long has been recognized by men of both political parties, but too seldom discussed. The Republican convention probably is going to renominate Herbert Hoover next June because it can not help itself, not because it wants to. Hoover is, perhaps, the most unpopular Republican politician in the country today. But 250 of the delegates at the convention will come from southern states where there are few Republicans except federal office holders. They will vote, beyond a doubt, for Hoover. Over the remaining states, except the thirteen in which presidential primaries will be held, the credentials committee holds the whip hand. As long as Hoover controls the machinery of the party, this committee can be constituted as he wishes, and can seat whatever delegates it sees fit. In 1912 the Taft forces unseated just enough Roosevelt delegates to get control of the convention and to insure renomination of the President. That is why no candidates have announced themselves this year in opposition to Hoover. They have no money to throw away at a time like this. La Follette proposes a simple and obvious remedy. He would call a nation-wide referendum for June 7, at which voters might go to the polls and state their choice for the nominee of their party, and thus influence the conventions. The states then, if they choose, could make this popular preference mandatory upon their convention delegations. For the first time in the history of this country, the people would be allowed to play a real part In selecting a chief executive. It is hard to think of any arguments that might be presented to a free people in opposition to this plan. If either party in congress believes sincerely in democracy, and sincerely wants to present as its candidate a man approved by the electorate of the country, it will help La Follette get his bill through congress quickly. Blindness We who arc fortunate enough to be able to see should not forget the thousands of Americans who can not. Remembering them, we should be thankful for our priceless gift of sight and do all we can to conserve it. According to the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, one-half of all blindness is preventable. Science has discovered all its major causes. It remains for such public-spirited organizations as the national society to educate the public in prevention. To minimize the hazards to sight, follow these simple rules: Read with a clear, good light falling from above, over your left shoulder. Hold your book or paper about fourteen inches from your eyes. Always read with your head up. Keep book or paper clean; a soiled page is hard to read. Avoid books printed indistinctly, in small type, or on glossy paper. Rest your eyes frequently. If your eyes ache, or if you have trouble in seeing things distinctly, have your eyes examined. Huey Long is a Chinese general, an Ohio Wesleyan student wrote in an exam. And after all Huey has done to let us know who he is, too! Japan might as well stop beating around the bush and come right out with it. All she wants from China is China. Another advantage of the depression is that you aren’t told at every turn that you can’t stand prosperity.

Just Every Day Sense Bl’ MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

WHILE I can not speak with authority about the flesh and blood boys, certainly the stalwart moving picture heroes are growing more generous with the ladles. It is a very fine spectacle, indeed, to see the way in which they are ready to forgive and forget. To be sure, a good many complaints are made about the immoral trend of certain films. I hear mothers complain frequently about Joan Crawford and Norma Shearer, and the bad influence they must have upon girls, because they so often portray upon the screen women who have rather a slipshod idea of virtue. But they ignore the fact that in these same films the sleek-haired and popular male idols who play opposite them always are ready to overlook a shady past and that the fade-out finds the two clasped in a loving embrace. n tt tt THE last of such pictures I have seen was “The Shanghai Express,” through which “slinked” the haughty Miss Dietrich, dressed in a startling costume 3f cock's feathers. She had, so we gathered, sunk rather low in the social scale at Shanghai—and in Shanghai it is said one can sink very low, indeed—out notwithstanding all that, the handsome English doctor, after some struggling, forgave and took her back, and we were led to think that they would march straight to the parson as soon as they left us. Os course, I am extremely doubtful whether a live man would be so kindly natured or so tolerant of past misdemeanors. But we must not forget that these pictures which show up women who are a little careless about their behavior also show us men who are fare more forgiving than men ever have been since the world began. These films may be insidious propaganda for loose living, as many contend, but they also are propaganda for a more generous and humane attitude toward the erring ways of women. And that, my friends, is something, in a social order that always has been rather narsh on this point. Before we condemn the heroines utterly, let us give three cheers for the moving picture boys who are retting such a high example of Christian charity in their roles. ,

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES .

-■ - M: E. Tracy Says: ! Instead of Looking After Trade With Russia We Have Preferred to Shudder Over Pamphlets and Speeches. MEW YORK, March 16.—A section of the tariff law provides that “products made by enforced or indentured labor shall be excluded if there is sufficient domestic production to meet the demand.” Every one knows why such a section was adopted and what it was designed to accomplish. The intent to ban prison goods and discourage enterprises based on slavery is too obvious for misunderstanding. As long as it remains on the book, however, it will be dragged out ever so often as an excuse for restricting Russian trade. There are some who actually believe that the Russian system of government means “enforced or indentured labor.” There are others willing to indorse the idea for the profit it promises. n n tt Thanks, Mr, Mills! A DELEGATION visited Secretary of the Treasury Mills Tuesday. It included 126 members of congress, as well as representatives of industrial and patriotic organizations. It was dominated by law-enforcing fervor. It wanted nothing but even-handed justice as in case by statute made and provided. ‘‘The existence of forced labor throughout Russia is a matter of general and common knowledge,” it informed Mr. Mills. Mr. Mills replied that the treasury department did not interpret the “enforced or indentured labor” provision as applying to Soviet Russia, for which he deserves the country’s gratitude. nun A Stupid Course OUR government has been stupid and short-sighted enough in its attitude toward Russia without reading a strained meaning into any section of the absurd tariff law. The wonder is that we have any Russian trade left. We wouldn’t if a most unfortunate economic situation hadn’t placed Russia, as well as some other nations, virtually at' our feet. We still are favored by the effects 1 of war, though one never would : guess it to hear some people talk. Much that we have gained is a matter of good luck, while most that we have lost is a matter of our own folly. tt tt tt Trade Sacrificed WE have closed our eyes to the economic potentialities of Russia for the sake of showing political spleen. Instead of looking after the trade, we have preferred to shudder over pamphlets and speeches. Instead of talking about credit and media of exchange, we have wasted our time on social and political theories. A strange role for Yankee-land which has prided itself on closing two sales where only one was closed before. For every soap-box tirade delivered by a Communist during the last ten years, our so-called conservatives, standpatters and patrioteers have spouted a dozen. tt tt tt We Need Business LET us quit wondering whether Bolshevism will succeed and pay more attention to the improvements Russia is making. Those improvements mean trade, regardless of the political system, trade such as we want and need, trade that is an essential factor of recovery. We are reading altogether too much about the differences between this country and Russia. We are not reading enough about what the two have in common. Savages can fall out over mere opinions, but wise men can work and live happily together in spite of them. We have been displaying more savagery than wisdom. That is one thing which hurts business, especially with other countries, and more especially still with Russia.

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Only a few years ago w'e were hearing of the wonders of the “new captalism”—as if capitalism could be anything but itself! The “new capitalism,” according to its prophets, was on the verge of regenerating mankind. There was to be peace, prosperity, and plenty of all. Made possible only by the export of surplus American capital on a large scale into markets from which it never can be recovered, this “new capitalism” took on the most genial and expansive of airs. It conducted itself as if the millennium were just around the corner, or even, in some cases, as if it already had arrived. Labor and capital were just two big brothers—just that and nothing more. But now behold the difference! The strange brotherhood is dissolved, and captalism appears again in its old guise as a determined and ruthless exploiter of the workers. Through a thin veil of relief propaganda, it is to be seen once more grinding workers to the bone. And while it fights vigorously at Washington to plunder the treasury of subsidies for its banks, railroads and other great corporations, it is, at the same time, battling no less vigorously against every proposal for scientific and effective relief of the worker. “Save our profits” is the cry of a united owning-class, while millions of workers starve. Let the workers protest, and immediately the capitalists begin to talk of “self help,” or organize a fruitless and silly campaign for “oi\e million jobs,” which they know from the beginning is foredoomed to failure. Now’ the war against the worker is out in the open, and no amount of futile job-finding campaigns can conceal it. The betrayers of organized labor who ally themselves with such movements, bear the true mark of Judas, and deserve immediate repudiation by the workers they profess to represent. PERRY WYATT. 308 Sanders street

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Germ Is Proof of Presence of T. B.

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine. /'"'VN March 24. 1882, just fifty years ago, Robert Koch, the famous German medical investigator, announced before a physiological society the discovery of the germ that causes tuberculosis. Announcement of that discovery represented the beginning of the control of this disease, once called “captain of the men of death.” Since that time the death rate for tuberculosis has been reduced more than one-half. With the application of all knowledge that we possess today to every case of tuberculosis, it is reasonable to believe that the death rate again could be cut in two. However, modern economic conditions are such that it is not simple to apply scientific knowledge in every instance.

IT SEEMS TO ME

1 DOUBT that it is a good thing for anybody to be President very long. I mean I think it is bad for the President as well as the people. You see, it is almost impossible for a chief executive to get frank advice and comment. Even his best friends won’t tell him. The dignity of the office gets in the way. Speaking to the man in the White House is not unlike communicating with some convict through a grating. There can be no free flow of ideas. All of us look back at some situation in our lives when we were saved from disaster only because some kind friend said, “Don’t be an utter idiot!” But nobody could say anything like that to a President. Not even to an obscure one like Martin Van Buren. A Man Thursday NOT so long ago the surviving members of the football team which Herbert Hoover managed in his college days came to Washington for a jubilation. I doubt that it was very jolly. About the only thing that one can say to the head of the nation is, “Yes, Mr. President.” Like Crusoe on his desert island, every White House hermit has been equipped with his man Friday. He may even have a dozen of the type around him. It would be better by far for each prospective President to seek out and attach to himself before inauguration a man Thursday. Mr. Chesterton was the first to identify and describe th- 1 function of such a necessary individual. Friday, as you undoubtedly remember, was a slave always ready to do his master’s bidding without question or criticism. Thursday, as I see him, is not a “no” man in the sense that he objects to everything, but he keeps his candor constantly on tap. Napoleon went to Waterloo for lack of such an associate, and Presi-

Rare Coins You often run across an unfamiliar-looking piece of United States money. You want to know whether or not it has value to a coin collector. Our Washington bureau has a bulletin that will tell you. It contains descriptions and catalog values of many rare American coins, with much other useful information on coins. If you want this bulletin, fill out the coupon below and mall as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 173, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin RARE COINS and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and No City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Smoking Him Out

The conclusive diagnosis of the presence of tuberculosis is made today l>y the finding of the germ of the disease. However, through thumping of the chest to discover changes in the sounds, listening with the stethoscope to determine the presence of new sounds during breathing and the existence of cavities and through the use of the X-ray, it is possible frequently to make a diagnosis even before germs are found in the sputum. When the diagnosis of the disease is made, treatment consists primarily in rest, adequate in nutrition and special methods developed for putting the diseased lung at rest. , Even more important perhaps than the treatment of the well-de-veloped case of tuberculosis is the development of preventoriums where children of families in which tuberculosis exists and who are t,hem-

dents without number have failed of re-election because there was no one handy to report to them the facts of life. To be specific, President Hoover knows less about prohibition than the man in the street. He never has met a bootlegger. He can’t go to a speakeasy. Even if he said, “You know me; I’m a friend of Frank Sullivan’s," the doorman wouldn’t let him in. tt tt tt Second-Hand Knowledge A ND so he must get his informadiluted and second-hand. His only recourse is to say to Mr. Wickersham: “Here, George, is an appropriation. Would you mind running around the corner and finding out for me what infringement is like?” Naturally, Mr. Wickersham goes, but he doesn’t come back for months, and when he returns the findings are set down in hundreds and hundreds of pages of printed matter. You can’t expect a busy President to wade through all that. Naturally, he turns to one of his secretaries and asks him to tell him the story. How does it turn out? Has it got a happy ending? The secretary is a Friday, and he knows what the current executive wants to hear. He reads the book and reports, “Yes, Mr. President.” Thereupon, Herbert Hoover heaves a sigh of relief and sits back under the impression that prohibition has been solved and that he need not worry about that any more. It took a very long time for the President to learn even a little about unemployment. I don’t think Daily Thought The price of wisdom is above rubies.—Job 28,18. By wisdom wealth is won; but riches purchased wisdom yet for none.—Bayard Taylor.

selves of a physical type subject to the disease are treated. They are given plenty of fresh air, suitable rest periods and, above all, adequate feeding to build constitutions capable of resisting tuberculosis infection. In the same paper in which Robert Koch announced the discovery of the tubercle bacillus, he set forth four laws for determining definitely whether any certain germs is the cause of a certain disease. These laws have become known as Koch’s laws or postulates and continue to be observed by investigators as the criterion of specificity in the causation of an infectious disease. The life of Robert Koch is a typical example of the great work of medical investigators and of the significance of their work for the health and happiness of mankind. His name, because of his contributions, will live through the ages.

T2V HEYWOOD ** BROUN

he should be blamed too much for that. In sitting around and talking to Mr. Stimson and Mr. Mellon, it is quite likely that the subject never came up. Neither of them was out at the elbow or threadbare in any way. an* Haroun and Hoover HT'HE caliphs of Bagdad had a notion. It was their practice to wander around the city in disguise, having interesting and educational adventures. Haroun -al - Raschid knew too much to sit at home and rely on fact-finding commissions. Somehow £> Thursday very seldom is selected for any one of those commissions. The Fridays who make up the board take care that the President gets the information he wants to get and practically nothing else. Perhaps it isn’t feasible for an American executive to get out and mingle with the merrymakers. Mayors have been known to do it, but never Presidents. Accordingly, since President Hoover can’t very well go to a speakeasy, let one be brought to him. It wouldn’t cost very much to fit up the Blue room. The purpose, of course, would be purely educational. After a single evening in the premises with a couple of Thursdays as companions, the President would know more about the noble experiment than any Wickerham will ever tell him. It might be good for him. It certainly would be good for us. fCopyright. 1932. bv Th* Timesi M TODAY IS THEWORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY DAYLIGHT SAVING PASSED March 16 ON March 16, 1918, American troops on the Toul sector of the western front repulsed a heavy German raid. More than 1,000 German shock troops were used in the raid, and American reports intimated that severe losses had been inflicted by machine gun fire. The daylight saving bill, providing that all clocks should be turned back one hour beginning March 31, was passed by congress and went to President Wilson for his signature. It was estimated that passage of the bill would save *40,000,000 in electric light and power. Concentration of more than 100 German divisions in northern France was reported. Allied officials made no secret of the fact that the decisive battle of the war might begin within ten days. What does the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution provide? It prohibits slavery in the United SUtflg.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those oi one o£ America’s most interesting: writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

-MARCH 1, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Culture Related to That of Mayas, Aztecs and Incas Found oyi Alaskan Island. FOR many years, archeologists have studied the marvelous Indian civilization of the Mayas, the Incas, and the Aztecs. There is exceptional interest, therefore, in the announcement of Dr. Ales Hrdlicka. famous anthropologist of the Smithsonian institution, that he has found evidence of a culture related to these famous Indian civilizations on Kodiak island, just south of the Alaska peninsula. For a number of years. Dr. Hrdiicka has been carrying on studies in Alaska to prove his contention that the American Indian entered this continent from Siberia some 15,000 years ago by way of Alaska. Dr. Hrdlicka is of the opinion that the Kodiak island remains may prove to be the oldest upon the American continent. So far he has found various weapons and objects of art upon the site of an ancient village. He believes, however, that the surface only has been scratched and that further excavations will reveal objects of great interest. He says that some of the art objects found to date bear striking resemblances to the art which later developed in Central America and in Yucatan. n h Across Bering Strait THE probability, according to Dr. Hrdlicka, is that the original migrants of the Mongoloid stock from Siberia brought across Bering strait to the coast of Alaska cultures which were developed highly in some lines. “They pushed their way southward. across the ntrrow Alaska peninsula, to Kodiak island, Cooks inlet, and thence to the coast of what is now British Columbia,” he says. “Then they pressed, according to all indications, southward to Mexico and Central and South America. “Only during the latter parts of this process, divergent bands have gone eastward, over the mountains, becoming the ancestors of the great body of North American Indians. “During this prolonged migration, which lasted for several thousand years, some of the culture elements brought originally from Asia deteriorated or were given up, as the Indians adjusted themselves to the new environments. “‘When they arrived in an environment favorable for cultural development, however, they were able to revive and improve upon these old elements. “It is noteworthy how close are the parallels of the Kodiak island remains with the cultures of the northwest coast Indians. “Kodiak island was a thickly populated center in the distant past. Every favorable part of it is covered with buried village sites. “The largest thus far encountered covers more than forty acres. It appears to have been the metropolis of this Arctic culture.” tt tt a Cannibalism Indicated, DR. HRDLICKA is of the opinion that further excavations must be made before the villages of Kodiak island can be dated. He is positive, however, that they are extremely old. “According to all indications,” says Dr. Hrdlicka, “this is one of the oldest sites yet discovered in the far north. Not a trace of a white man, wood reduced to streaks of formless brown rot. and the considerable filling in of the dwelling depressions, with subsequent burials in these by later natives, all point to the conclusion that the site is prehistoric and that its occupation extended for a relatively long time backward. “The deposits show several strata and may be the result of repeated occupation. “This culture presents considerable age and individuality, yet it shows close relations on the one hand to that of the Eskimo and on the other to that of the northwest coast. “The skeletal remains appear to resemble those of the eastern ‘Aleut,’ but show also other interesting characteristics. The remains show numerous and unmistakable signs of long-continued cannibalism.”

Questions and Answers

Can gladiola and tulips be raised from seed? Gladiola can be grown from seed, but it takes from five to seven years to bloom. The seed can be planted as soon as it is produced. Plant seed about one inch below the surface. Tulips can be raised from seed, but it requires four or five years to get flowers, and they will not be the same variety as the parent. The seed should be plant-* ed in boxes of light, sandy soil fn cold frames during late winter. Plant at least as deep as four times the diameter of the seed. How was Africa named? The name is from the Latin “afer,” of uncertain derivation, but possibly of Phenecian origin. It seems to have been originally the designation of Carthage, the colony of Tyre, and later was extended to the whole continent. What is the premium value of first air mail stamps issued in May, 1918, for 24 and 16 cents? The 24-cent carmine rose and blue air post stamp of the 1918 issue is catalogued at 85 cents uncancelled, and 60 cents cancelled. The 16-cent green stamp, same issue, is catalogued at 75 cents uncancelled and 35 cents cancelled. What is permalloy? Avery fine pure nickel alloy containing about 78.5 nickel, which was discovered by G. W. Elmen in the Bell telephone laboratories. It has remarkable magnetic properties, showing permeability in weak magnetizing fields, and is used extensively in the manufacture of telephone “loading coils.” It is also used in galvanometers. Is Rapid City In Michigan or South Dakota? There is a town by that name in both states. Who was Empress Eugenie? The wife of Napoleon 111, empress of France from 1853 to 1870.