Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 264, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 March 1932 — Page 4

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What Would He Do? Today, In all parts of the nation, groups will gather to praise the record and revere the memory of Andrew Jackson, courageous soldier and more courageous President. Hip hold upon the imagination is imbedded in the fact that he stood for what he believed to be the best good of the greatest number. When he saw the welfare of the people threatened he did not hesitate. He acted. He had no fear of bankers and financiers. He was not intimidated by the disapproval of the “best people,” who wanted special privileges for themselves. In this state, those who gather might discuss with profit what Jackson would do were he a citizen of Indiana today and head of the government of this state. Would he view with complacency the fate of farmers who are unable to pay taxes and who see the sheriff hovering around their farms, ready to sell them for failure to pay? Would he smile as industry pays high rates for electrtcity and power while workmen receive small wages or no wages? Would he look without interest on the thousands who eat the bread.of enforced charity and wander the streeUs looking in vain for work? Would he refrain from explosive wrath at the unfair distribution of tax burdens which arc confiscating the small homes in cities w r hile those whose wealth Is in the new forms of intangibles escape their share? Would lie be listless as his state board of health Issues warnings as to the danger to the future that comes from malnutrition in the coal fields and would the plight of children fail to reach his heart? What would Jackson do? He might do the wrong thing. But he would do something and do it according to the Constitution. It would not be a bad guess to believe that Jackson would have his legislature in session to deal with real problems before their solution becomes impossible. Tax Absurdities The proposed $600,000,000 federal sales tax is a breeder of wrongs. • It would further impoverish the poor, add to the cost of living and introduce anew and discredited theory in our fiscal policy. Secretary of the Treasury Mills Saturday night virtually admitted that the tax he indorses is bad. ‘‘A low rate will cure most of the defects of even a very bad tax,” said Mills. While Mills excuses the sales tax evil on the ground that it is just a little sin, another of its sponsors, a newspaper publisher, on the same day urges that it be adopted universally as the Amerisystem in place of the "bolshevist confiscatory” income tax. This bill is not only a revenue but a higher tariff measure. Having added 2.25 per cent to the manufacturers’ prices at home, its authors automatically place an added 2.25 per cent tariff on the same items coming from abroad. Thus does the Democratic majority of the ways and means committee increase the tradekilling rates of the smoot-Hawley law, imposing the new rate even on articles now on the free list. Then, to out-Grundy Grundy, they write into the bill anew tariff of 1 cent a gallon on imported petroleum and gasoline. This oil tariff, which a Repub-lican-controlled house refused to pass a year ago, would bring in only an estimated $5,000,000 in revenue, but probably would take from the pocket of motorists some $150,000,000 a year. Having wooed the oil states with an oil tariff, the authors next set out to woo the farmers by sales tax exemptions on fertilizer, seed, stock food and other things. Yet the farmers, being one of the two great consuming classes, must bear under this sales tax new and ruinous burdens in increased cost of electricity, farm machinery, clothing, books, tools, processed foods, coal, gasoline and automobiles. To woo the workers, the authors claim that necessities are exempted. Yet virtually everything the worker uses will be taxed. Representative La Guardia estimates that a man getting $1,200 a year will be taxed by this bill on SI,OOO of the necessities he buys. To woo the drys, the authors propose to tax the "makings” of illegal wine and beer. Instead of saving the millions it now spends in a vain effort to stamp out drinking, the government proposes to take $50,000,000 from the farmers in a confiscatory tax on malt syrup, wort and grape concentrates, on the mistaken theory that these articles are contraband! And so it goes. This bill piles absurdity upon absurdity, wrong upon wrong. War Profits Last year’s hope that modern statesmanship might turn to the most promising of all peace proposals—the elimination of profit from war—has perished with the final report of the federal war policies commission. Twelve of the fourteen men directed last year Jo draw plans for amending the Constitution so that private property might be drafted when war descends upon us, just as men are drafted, have come to the conclusion that this should not even be considered by congress. Instead they suggest that the President be empowered in wartime to “stabilize” prices at a level which will minimize inflation. Only one member of the commission was able to remember with sympathy the original task to which the commission was assigned. Os course, with the utmost sincerity and idealism it would be impossible for a government to equalize the burden of war between a man whose life is taken from him. and a man who merely loses his property. It would make little difference to a man lying mortally wounded on some future battlefield to know that the folks safe at home were doing without the regulated profits which the war policies commission thinks they should be allowed. But it was the hope of the men who conceived the plan, for elimination of profits and for confiscation of needed property, that war might occur much less frequently if it were known in advance by munition makers and their bankers and all the thousands of business men who might be affected that war would mean acute financial suffering for them, instead of profiteering. Fortunately there is little prospect that the inadequate, unsatisfactory recommendations of the war policies commission majority will be acted upon at this session of congress. Why Farmers Fail Congress did not err when, in passing the agricultural marketing act, it laid down a policy favorable to national organization of farmers. But the act’s creature, the federal farm board.

The Indianapolis Times <A SCKIfPg-HOWABD XEHSPAPEK) Owned tnd published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing: Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rales In Indiana. S3 a year: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. KOY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor Prealdent Business Manazer PHONE—Riley 5551 MONDAY. MARCH 14, 1932. Member of United Presa. Seri pp*-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.” *

shunted Its co-operative work into the background and heeding politicians and frightened bankers, endeavored sensationally to peg prices by pouring government millions into the wheat and cotton markets. Its vast hoards of these commodities still are threatening the market; pegged prices failed to stay pegged; government millions still are tied up. The board’s co-operative work was for a long time a sort of side line. Even after the board abandoned its “stabilization” efforts and went back to the fundamentals of the act, its co-operatives were assailed as not truly co-operative. Now, apparently, the board belatedly is beginning to realize that if farmers are to be benefited, it will be through national organization. And Chairman Stone pointed out important facts in this connection in a recent speech. "The earnings available for dividends to common stockholder? of concerns handling dairy products were 42 per cent greater in 1931 than in 1928,” Stone said, “whereas in that period the gross income of agriculture dropped 41 per cent, resulting in farmers suffering a deficit of upward of one billion dollars last year. Comparable earnings of auto and truck manufacturers decreased 75 per cent, and the steel industry was reduced to a deficit basis. Earnings of baking and flour milling concerns were off only 2 per cent and tobacco companies increased their earnings 41 per cent, notwithstanding the fact that farmers were paid record low prices for what tobacco they were able to sell. “We of the farm board,” Stone went on, “stand ready to do everything in our power to help bring about co-opcration.” The farmers’ hope is in powerful co-operatives, intelligent farm management, tax reform and abolition of the gold-brick tariff. The Battle for Intellectual Freedom The national council on freedom from censorship is waging an active battle nowadays for decency, civilization and intellectual freedom. It is advancing several measures designed to frustrate those who would impose tyranny over the minds of men. It is introducing a bill in the senate and house of representatives to remove censorship powers from the postmaster-general. This is one of the nuisances hanging over from wartime. ' It is preparing a bill to amend the federal radio act in such a manner as to give controversial public issues the same rights over the air that now are open to opposing candidates for public office. This will make it more difficult for broadcasting companies to exclude important subjects on the ground that they are “controversial.” Controversial subjects freely are admitted now, i but usually only when the conservative side of the controversy is presented. “Controversial” almost has come to mean “liberal” in radio language. The committee also is moving to secure the repeal of the padlock clause of the Wales theater censorship Jaw. It favors anew “bad book” bill which will make publishers rather than retailers responsible for books charged as obscene. That New Hampshire Primary Results of the Democratic presidential primary in New Hampshire not only have stirred new talk about probable outcome of the summer’s Democratic convention; they also have emphasized the way in which the presidential primary has failed, in recent years, to function in the manner intended. New Hampshire’s primary election did give the voters a chance to express themselves on two of the outstanding Democratic candidates; but there were plenty of avowed candidates whose names weren’t placed before the voters, and in most states the voters won’t get even the chance the New Hampshire voters had. In state after state, the primary this spring is simply going to be a form; uninstructed delegations will oe chosen, or delegations pledged to some “favorite son” who doesn’t pretend to stand a show of being nominated. Asa result, the ordinary voter will have very little to say about who is nominated in Chicago. And now they say we forced Haiti to borrow money from us. Well, they won’t have that trouble again. Where are the women who used to hook rugs, inquires a reader of a newspaper. Maybe their time isn’t up yet. Nearly 2 000 deer were killed by accident in 1931, the Pennsylvania game commission estimates. Getting to be nearly as dangerous for the deer as for the hunters. Would you say that the hoarders’ money was about to get socked?

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

WISE old Mencken! He always has been the gospel of common sense. For this reason it long has gone unheeded. Amid the clamor of the noonday luncheon clubs and the boostings of the Chamber of Commerce, his voice has been but a whisper. But it has been raised persistently and fearlessly against all our bogus quests, and his scorn has been magnificent as he hurled maledictions at the empty gaudy rainbow pots we have chased. The fundamentalist area will have none of him. He is not popular with the super-salesmen. The pious bristle at the mention of his name. Yet he continues to shout, as he has done for the last decade, against our puerilities, pleading for a return of our lost sanity. His has been throughout the years one of the few level heads America can boast. And, wonder of wonders, he. Henry Mencken, our monumental pessimist, at last, by reason of the changing times, has become the only optimist among us. Our prophet of disaster has turned into the oracle of good tidings. FOR he sees right through the present gloom to the real values underneath, just as he saw through all the flimsy fabric of our affluent days. And he asks us this question: “Why should there be two cars in every garage and a chicken in the pot every day?’' No man can answer. The propaganda for luxuries which we neither need nor appreciated when we had them was essentially unstable and disastrous. So Mencken, after having watched our orgy of extravagance, is glad to see us emerge from our golden dreams into a dignified reality. He does not believe that America will disintegrate because the value of our stocks and bonds have vanished. He has higher hopes than ever for the future, now that we are sobering up after our economic spree. If we had listened to him long ago, rather than to our service boys, we might not have had so hard a fall. For Henry Mencken is one American who keeps his feet on the ground. And that is a pretty good place for everybody to stand.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M: E. Tracy Says:

This Country Has Succumbed to an Epidemic of Hypocrisy and Pretense. Prohibition Is but One Example. NEW YORK, March 14.—The Methodist board of temperance, prohibition and public morals is quite confident that Volsteadism should not be charged with the Lindbergh kidnaping, or any other crime. In its opinion, those who break the law, not those who made it, are responsible. British authorities held a similar opinion with regard to the stamp act and duty on tea. Many troubles could have been avoided in the past had people only shut up and obeyed orders. a a Fact or Fancy THE Methodist board has another argument with which to whitewash the noble experiment. It rests on the attorney-general’s statement that racketeers derive only 20 per cent of their income from the liquor trade. Twenty per cent often spells the difference between failure and success, but that is not the most interesting part of the story. What the attorney-general knows and what the income tax department knows stands out in sharp contrast to what they are doping. The underworld has become one of our major industries, and the best we seem able to do about it is write down the statistics. o o tt Blame the Foreigner THE Methodist board has a theory that we are reaping the reward of a mistaken immigration policy, and maybe we are, but we can’t hope to make much headway by whining about that, since the damage has been done. Besides, the immigration policy has been changed. More people now are leaving this country each year than are coming into it. Asa matter of fact, the sudden decrease in immigration has some bearing on the depression. The arrival of a millon or so each year made a certain amount of building and a certain amount of new business necessary. n n tt The Drinking-Drys JT tickles the pride of us socalled native sons to blame the poor foreigner for most of our ills, but who drinks the beer, pays for the racket and looks to the underworld for votes? Who votes dry in congress, o r the state legislature, and then goes back home to tell the boys down in the dock, or gas-house district not to worry? Who comes up to the big city once every so often, with a pocket full of money and a head full of nonsense, and then goes back home to tell the folks how wicked it is? o a a Prohibition a Symptom npHIS country has succumbed to -*• an epidemic of hypocrisy and pretense. Prohibition is but one example. We’re all willing to be good if we can take it out in talk. We have done more jabbering about world peace than any other people, but we won’t join the League of Nations and we haven’t entered the world court. Our statute books are cluttered with blue laws which we will neither repeal nor enforce. Prohibition is a symptom of what ails us, rather than its cause. u u u Capone’s Allies IT is mere sophistry to deny that this generally ignored law against liquor has any connection with gang racketeering, or that such cases as that of the Lindbergh kidnaping are rooted in the era of hellraising to which our ostrich attitude gave birth. The foreigner who drinks and admits it, even in violation of the law, shows a better concept of good character than the native son who patronizes him and supports prohibition. The fact that foreign names bulk large in the liquor trade does not mean that foreigners constitute its main support. The Capones could not get very far without the help of the Smiths, Browns and Joneses.

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

Why did airmen in the various armies not wear parachutes during the World war? For various reasons, the principal one being that the pilot was usually shot when the plane was downed, and the great expense of parachutes made their use prohibitive when only a small percentage would have been of any use. Practically every plane brought down in the w T ar was shot down by machine gun fire, and in most cases the pilot was dead long before his plane struck. Their bulk and weight would have handicapped pilots in fighting planes. Can oleanders be left outdoors in winter? They must be protected from frost; if necessary keep them in a light shed. Who were included in the allAmerican football team of 1930? Since the death of Walter Camp, whose annual selection o f an “AllAmerican” college football team was generally regarded as official, many sports writers have made an-

Rare Coins You often run across an unfamiliar-looking piece of United States money. You want to know whether or not it has value to a coin collector. Our Washington bureau has a bulletin that will tell you. It contains descriptions and catalog values of many rare American coins, with much other useful information on coins. If you w T ant this bulletin, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 173, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin RARE COINS and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and No .* City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

BELIEVE IT or NOT

COMMON SENSE ’'"isswi '' 's. [g E3 1 j -s of C hddoffe, HC l ' jgffr. fi ~ ONE-INCH metal BALL ijy :f** Jj fiyp - TIED 70A STRING(SON,OBSERVE / ; THE TIME ‘ - xy A from evTl C-y-fi Signature of * J sSxPI showers \ o The Quotation under, the clock of n -of Maviok, Ohio OLD STMARy's CHURCH IN SAN FRANCISCO WAS TWO TAILS IN BACK AND ONE IN FRONT ___ 3-|4 ~ 1932. Ic- rrat BrtUin n#it riT±

Following is the explanation of 1 Ripley's “Believe It or Not” which appeared in Saturday’s Times: An Incalculable Shot—Mr. Budd. was one of a crew of five men manning an 18-pound gun of a

Child’s Skin Disease Spreads Rapidly

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyjteia. the Health Magazine. ONE cf the most common causes of illness among children is impetigo contagion, an infection that attacks the skin and produces blisters, crusts and pus. At present in several hospitals new-born infants seem to be particularly subject to this infection. Once started in any group of children, the condition is most difficult to stamp out. Frequently when a child develops the condition, the mother will remember an occasion when her child was in contact with some other child or adult that had the disease. When the disease starts in a group of childen in a school, an orphanage or some similar institution, it usually attacks practically every child in the group.

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times —I want to know what are the rights of residents of this city. Is there no relief from the police when a man simply goes down town in the evening. My husband was called to come to town to see about a position and while talking with two dther men a policeman came up, cursed them, called them bums, and told them to go on home or he would take them “down.” I wonder if, during this unemployment situation, a man is not allowed to go ,down town in the evening, or is he supposed to stay

nual selections of an all-American team, but none of them have attained the volume of recognition accorded the selections made by Walter Camp. What proportion of the people of the United States are affiliated with a church or organized religious body? The last religious census gave the church membership of the United States as 54,576,346, slightly more than 44 per cent of the present population. What kind of wood is used for archery bows and how long are regulation bows? The best bows are made from yew that comes from Italy, Spain and the northern Pacific slope bf the United States. It is light, quickly resilient and is divided into heart and sapwoods, which must be properly combined to make a strong bow. Close rivals are osage orange, from the United States, and lemon wood and lancewood, from the tropics.

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

Canadian field artillery unit on the French front in 1917. With two men on the firing seat firing the gun, a German shell suddenly found its mark in the muzzle of the Canadian gun, and exploded, blowing the barrel apart, destroying the sandbag wall and

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

Impetigo first appears with one spot of infection, usually a small, grayish-yellow T blister, which, when burst, dries and becomes a yellow-ish-brown crust. Since the lesions itch, the child is likely to scratch and rub them, which serves to spread the purulent material over the skin, so that from 24 to 48 hurs later similar blisters and pustules appear on other parts of the body. The younger the child, the more sensitive ‘the skin and the more likely the rapid spread of the infection. If the infection once gets into a barber shop, numerous patrons will develop the blisters on the face, and the condition will not be stamped out until strictly sanitary precautions are adopted. The germs in the pus are active, so that the infection may be transmitted not only on the hands, but also on clothing, handkerchiefs, towels, toys, washcloths, or any

in the house continually? I think our police chief could give the patrolmen a few lessons in courtesy. WONDERING. Editor Times About fourteen years ago, when I came to Indianapolis to live, I was informed that The Indianapolis Times did not amount to much. Be that as it may, many of us now know that your paper is doing very effectual work, at this time, in saving our republic from total destruction. About ten days ago a boy came to our home soliciting for The

Bows for men are from 5 feet 8 inches to 6 feet in length. Why does the United States import raw wool? Because domestic production is insufficient to meet the demands for finished wool products. Why does the United States import cotton from Egypt and China? Because those countries grow special types of cotton not grown in this country. For example, Egypt grows long, staple cotton used by makers of tires, and Chinese cotton which is much shorter and rougher than our cotton, is used for bath towels and robes. W'here are the kingdoms of Hedjaz and Nejd? They are located on the Arabian peninsula. f .tg How far is it by boat from New York to Gibraltar? The distance is 3,693 statute miles. How can silver slippers be cleaned? Try very finely powdered alabaster. With a soft brush take up some of the powder, and rub ths slipper with it until the surface becomes bright and clean; afterward polish with another brush until all remnants of the powder are removed and it exhibits a lustrous surface. What is the population of the world, and what is the annual gain? According to an estimate of the international statistical institute of the League of Nations, there are more than 2,000,000.000 human beings on earth. The net gain in population averages over 30.000.000 a year. Professor E. M. East of Harvard university estimates that 150,000 persons are born every day and 100,000 die every day. What is the proportion of men to women in the United States? The 1930 census enumerated 62,137,030 males and 60,637,966 females.

R\ Rr?iuerrd V. S JL Patent OPf.ea RIPLEY

part of the wheels. None of the men was harmed in the least by this extraordinary shot. , The mathematical odds of this occurrence are incalculable. j Tuesday: The Stray Brick j House.

other material that has been contaminated by the pus.* Like all infections, impetigo is best controlled at the earliest possible moment. If the very first pustule or blister is treated with pxoper antiseptics, if the pus is absorbed on a piece of sterile cotton or gauze, if the crust is removed by soaking with warm water and then the antiseptic powder or liquid applied, the condition can usually be stopped. How'ever, it must be remembered that the clothing of the child, its handkerchiefs, its washcloth, or its toys may have already become contaminated by the pus and that it will be necessary to carefully disinfect all of these materials if the condition is to be completely eliminated. If the rules are observed, the disease usually may be overcome in a lew days.

Times; up to this time we were taking another newspaper. Since, w T e have become disgusted reading about the wholesale crime being perpetrated. It also is sickening to read much of the present day advertising, in the line of drugs; but the editorials, which are the real substance of any newspaper, we feel, should be interesting, educating, and above all, unbiased, and feel that the newspaper we had been taking of late is very much lopsided in this respect. My work is mechanical engineering and, like many others, I have not had any work in my line for about two years, so I have been obliged to dig ditches and saw w r ood, in an honest effort to earn a few dollars. Now r that I can’t get even wood to saw and have plenty of time to think, I propose working on the cause, which I believe to be the capitalists working through politicians. Nothing would please me more than to know that you had put on some sort of efficient drive that would result in putting The Times in the hands of every one in Indianapolis. GRANT HEEBNER. Editor Times—On vember issue of Nation's Business. I read the following: “One person cf every eleven now employed gainfully is on the public pay roll, and has to be supported by all the rest. Only a few years ago the allotment was one person for every twentytwo. So rapidly is it mounting, statisticians tell us, that if the present rate continues, 1953 will find one person on the tax pay roll for every single individual working to provide that pay roll.” Is it any winder that people are groaning under their tax load and more in sight? But jobs must be made for politicians. S. LINDEN.

Daily Thought

Fools make a mock at sin.— Proverbs 14:9. Pride and conceit were the original sin of man.—Le Sage. Geologically, what kind of stone is lede stone. A variety of magnetite. What is the meaning of the Latin phrase, “Vicarius Filii Dei?” “Vicar of the Son of God.” What language are the place names Chicago and Detroit? Chicago is an Objibwa Indian name meaning place of wild onions. Detroit is from the French meaning strait or narrow passage, a name given to the river by Ihe early French explorers. ■

MARCH 14,1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Flood Legend of American Iyidians Resembles That of Noah and the Ark. A MERICAN Indians had a flood legend which in many ways resembles the story of Noah and the flood. The Indian flood itgend is recounted in a collection of the legends of the Choctaw Indians just issued by the bureau of Amerij can ethnology of the Smithsonian institution. Its author is Dr. John R. Swanton. “The Choctaw versions,” Dr. Swanton tells, “speak of a divinely j forewarned prophet who went from village to village spreading the news of the coming flood. “None heeded him. There folI lowed a time of total darkness and cold, with incessant peals of thunder. "The food of the Indians became moldy and unfit to eat. The wild animals crowded in from the for- ; ests about the campfires. “This was followed by a sudden . fearful crash of thunder, followed by what seemed to be a light ad--1 vancing from the north, but it was I only the gleant, of great waters ; rushing down over the land and destroying everything in their path. Only one was saved —the mysterious prophet who had warned ol the approaching doom. He made a raft of sassafras logs upon which he floated for weeks. ” * Blue Bird A BIRD also plays an important role in the Choctaw flood legend. “At last a great black bird came, flying in circles over the raft,” the legend continues. “The prophet called to it for help, but it flew away. Then a blue bird with red eyes appealed and led the way to an island, which had appeared above the waters in the direction of sunI rise. “The weary prophet landed and ; lay down in the mud to sleep. When he awoke, he found the islands covered with all varieties of animals. “Among these creatures were the black bird which had left the prophet to his fate and the blue bird which had led him to safety “The black bird was the raven, ever afterward considered a crea--1 ture ot ill omen by the Choctaws. The blue bird was changed into a beautiful woman who became the mother of the new race of men.” This. Dr. Swanton points out. with the possible exception of the raven episode, probably is fairly close to the Indian tradition which preceded the wffiite missionaries. Later versions of the story are greatly changed to conform to the Genesis account. The old Choctaws, Dr. Swanton says, were worshipers of a "great spirit” closely associated with the I sun, but which could take on human shape. Solar eclipses were attributed to ! black squirrels supposed to be oatj ing the luminary. They must be j scared away if mankind was t~ en- ! joy heat and light. Another account, however, is that ■ the eclipse means only that the sun has stopped to wash his face. it n tt Indian Heaven THE Choctaw Indians had a belief in both a heaven and a hell before the coming of Christian missionaries, Dr. Swanton says. The Choctaw heaven was an Elysium somewhere on earth where there was eternal springtime and perpetual youth. “It was reached, according to some of the legends, by crossing a yawning chasm over a slippery log. Dr. Swanton says. “Most soul, however, were able to negotiate tlr passage successfully, regardless c: their behavior in the life they had just left. Only murderers and those who had died violent deaths slipped of! and fell into the dismal abyss below—the nearest Indian approach to a concept of hell.” Every man, according to the Indian legends resurrected by Dr. Swanton, has two souls. "One, which dwelt outside the body and always followed it during life, was identical with the shadow," he says. “The other was the ‘made shadow’ which went to the Elysium after the death of the body. “The outside shadow was left behind and wandered restlessly about its former abode, howling piteously at night. It was supposed frequentk to assume the form of a fox or an owl. “When the Indians heard the cry of one of these creatures at night to which there was no reply, they knew that it was the call of a homeless soul. The true foxes or owls could not be deceived into answering it.”

m TODAY n- IS THE- Vs WORLD WAR \ ANNWE^ARY

AMERICANS TAKE TRENCHES March 14. ON March 14, 1918, American troops in the Luneville sector of the western front occupied German trenches northeast of Badenviilers. This action was the most genera) American troops had yet participated in. Norway announced that two of its steamers, the Srymcr and the Estrella, had been sunk by submarines. British troops in Palestine continued their long advance, capturing many new villages and extending their lines more than three miles. The British authorities announced that five persons had been killed by German bombers on the northeast coast of England the night before. The All-Russia Congress of Soviets voted to ratify the peace treaty with Germany, ending definitely the war with the central powers. Turkish troops occupied Ezerum in Armenia. Under whose auspices did Theodore Rooseevlt explore Africa in 1909 and South America in 1913? His African trip was made under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C., and he went to South America for the American Museum of Natural History.