Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 250, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 February 1932 — Page 8

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Indiana in Chains Many thousands of Indiana citizens have cheered Governor William Murray of Oklahoma as he hurled defiance to big business, to Hoover and to other Democratic aspirants. That cheer, under the kindly care of the politicians of both big parties, are all that the people of Indiana can give to any candidate. They have no votes for President or Governor or senator—merely the chance to express a preference between two candidates picked by politicians. When the primary law, at the very earnest behest of Senator Watson, was repealed as far as the higher offices was concerned, Indiana was disfranchised. Governor Murray is not the type that appeals to men who meet in hotel rooms and settle the fate of nations along in the early hours. He seems to have a real appeal to the common man who demands a change. No one would deny Murray the eminence of being different and affording a change. Yet the travesty of the situation is that Murray, or any other candidate, might win the applause and approval of an overwhelming majority of the voters of the state and yet never receive a vote in a national convention. The machinery by which candidates are selected is now designed to prevent the people from expressing themselves. To name delegates to conventions requires organization and organization is the job of politicians who find money in selfish spots to carry on their work. All that the people can do is to vote for a delegate to a minor convention and hope that he will have a chance to express their sentiments. In state conventions bosses again organize. The voice of the people is lost in the whistle of the steamioller and drowned by a gavel. Wise politicians, however, can learn something from the visit of Murray. His reception strongly suggests that the people are tired of the old methods, the old phrases, the old bunk. It suggests that the people are ready to follow a man who offers a way out of unemployment and is not afraid of breaking precedents. It suggests, mast of all, a growing understanding of the tyranny of selfish business, of speculative greed that creates wide misery, of privileges given to the few at the expense of the many. In contrast to the outspoken, frank outbursts of Murray, the silence of all candidates in this state for important jobs on any issue becomes more than significant. The people may begin to inquire what candidates stand for. If they do, they may even have energy to find a way of expressing themselves despite the shackles placed upon them by the politicians. Judge-Made Law Tile average person believes that laws are made oy elected legislators, and that judges have no function except to enforce statutes written at the will ot the people. Our government is intended to embody that principle—one of the most fundamental in our conception of democracy. But a tragic difference exists between theory and fact in this matter. That is why congress is concerning itself with legislation to limit drastically the issuance of injunctions by federal courts. It has become the practice in labor disputes for courts, at the instance of employers, to issue injunctions effectively preventing workers from striking or otherwise protesting against wrongs done them. These injunctions, issued by a single judge, sometimes with hearing and sometimes with none, make illegal acts that specifically are permitted by state and federal laws, or that are directly reserved to the people by the Constitution of the United States. Even where acts enjoined come under the category of crimes at common law or by statute, the labor injunction causes an intolerable condition. Issues of fact in proceedings under it are determined by a single judge, and the accused is denied the trial by jury, which has been a traditional right for many hundreds of years. He seldom is allowed even to cross-examine witnesses appearing against him. Judge-made law has become tyranny of the most dangerous sort threatening the United States. It is tyranny which threatens not only the striking working man. but every citizen who wishes to exercise his constitutional right to freedom of speech or freedom to express himself in the press. By contempt proceedings, judges now have tl\e power summarily to punish any statement about them or the conduct of their court to which they object. The Norris bill pending in the senate and the La Guardia bill in the house judiciary committee would prohibit issuance of injunctions in labor disputes until the applicant has tried to settle the dispute involved by existing methods, until hearings have been held with opportunity for cross-examination, and until it has been shown that failure to obtain an injunction would result in “substantial and irreparable injury.’ It forbids issuance of any injunction to uphold c yellow dog contract, or to restrain lawful aid to a lawful strike. It provides jury trial for all persons accused under injunctions in labor disputes, and will be amended to apply to all other cases, thus throwing new protection around editors and others who criticise a court. No legislation more vital to American democracy is before congress. Our Friend, Japan There is growing American hatred and horror o. the Japanese militarists. This is as it should be. An America which had lost the capacity of indignation over the rape of treaties and the bombing of women and children would cease to be civilized. And an American government unwilling to protest such Japanese militarism would not be a government representative of American tradition or public opinion. But there is danger in all this. While hating the methods and the madness of the Japanese militarists we must not misjudge the Japanese people. It may be hard to differentiate. But it is necessary in the interest of truth and justice and in the interest of future friendship and peace between the American and Japanese people. Japan has no monopoly on militarism, no copyright on conquest. But hers is the misfortune to be ruled for tne moment by her militarists, while we and some other countries are lucky for the time to keep our militarists in a minority. The Japanese people, no less than the Chinese people, are victims of the Japanese militarists. The Japanese people, too, are forced to feed their savings and their sons to the war lords. Japanese workers go unemployed and Japanese business men face bank-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCR I P.PB-110 WARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and pnbllshed dally (except Sauday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing: Cos., 214-220 Weat Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. *3 a year: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD GORLEI. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE- Riley r-V.l FRIDAY. FEB. 26. 1932, Member of M :.*d I'ti-sh, Scrtpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. J •wsp.iper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ruptcy because of Chinese trade losses caused by a war in which they have no voice. Our appeal to Americans to differentiate between the Japanese war lords and the Japanese people Is based not upon sentimentality, but upon facte. It is a fact that wide and numerous Japanese groups have opposed this war from the beginning. Now there are reliable reports that even large navy and army groups are against the war, and that there have been protests at the official military academy, followed by court-martial of young officers. In this connection the United Press has done a highly intelligent and fearless job of reporting, of great service both to America and Japan. The United Press, in a dispatch Thursday by its far eastern manager, Miles H. Vaughn, stated: “A fair and impartial report of the extraordinary conditions existing in Japan must include the fact that a strong liberal bloc of opinion looks upon the Shanghai'expedition with very little enthusiasm. “In fact, very probably the bulk of the civilian and so-called navy element would be glad to be out of the business altogether, if it could without loss of national prestige. . . . The so-called intellectuals have opposed war, tm the ground that world opinion would condemn and isolate Japan. Also, in this group has been sustained the theory that Baron Kijuro Shidehara is right in his contention that co-operation between Chinese and Japanese is the corner stone of any solution of their problem. “For the same reason, certain of the elder statesmen, including Prince Kimmochi Saionji and Count Nobuki Makino, opposed the Shanghai adventure.” For that Japan which is the victim of its madmen, who must be curbed by peace forces at home and abroad, America has abiding friendship. Tapping Our Liberties The clergy and religious press are asked by the American Civil Liberties union to back bills by Senator Blaine and Representative Boileau of Wisconsin, forbidding wire tapping by federal agents in gathering crime evidence. The church should be quick to respond. A fanatical minority of its ministers has created the wholly false impression that the church is more eager to enforce the dry law with illegal methods than salvage the fundamentals of popular liberty. The supreme court, in its unfortunate 5-to-4 decision, has declared evidence obtained by wire tapping admissible. Responding to popular indignation, the administration has promised it will not permit such invasions of the home. This, however, is not enough. Official Paul Prys and Peeping Toms will harass the homes so long as there is a loophole in the law. Hence the law must be changed. “Asa means of espionage,” said Justice Brandeis in his dissenting opinion, “writs of assistance and general warrants are but puny instruments of tyranny and oppression when compared with wire tapping.” Busses and Railroads The way in which the auto can cut into railroad passenger traffic never was so strikingly illustrated as in a petition which the Wheeling & Lake Erie railroad recently filed with Ohio authorities, asking permission to discontinue all its intrastate passenger service in Ohio. Passenger service, said the petition, has dropped far below the level at which trains can operate profitably. In 1920, the Wheeling & Lake Erie carried 1,209,213 passengers in Ohio. In 1930 it carried only 70,563. Most railroads, of course, have not suffered that severely. But the illustration shows what can happen in a thickly populated state where there is a network of good public highways. Mussolini is convinced our ways of eating, dressing, working and sleeping are wrong. Probably doesn’t like the color of our shirts, either. Admiral Moffett says we ought to sell the dirigible Los Angeles. Someone might convert it into an air night club, but then there would always be the danger of some man and his girl having a falling out. About the only thing they haven’t changed on the 1932 automobiles is the back seat driver. There are few whiskered men in the movies, a critic observes. Maybe they use all the whiskers on the plots. The Minnesota man who chased a sneak thief a mile to recover a dime certainly had a run for his money.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

A LL the allied forces of ignorance and mediocrity are today arrayed against the intelligence and idealism of motherhood. The modern mother has a tremendous task and she must be a strong-minded individual if she is to combat the influence of mass thinking that too soon lays hold upon her child. Even so, a good many fairly sensible people argue that girls do not need much education. We constantly are assailed by this preposterous suggestion. Yet how is a woman to rear noble men if she herself has not the means of developing her intellect and her character? Even the grace of God .can not help her out of his dilemma. Women need beauty, we say, rather than brains, to interest men. That may be true. But if they want to raise smart boys, they must have gray matter to do it with. We are told that a child’s character is formed at home before his fifth birthday. Is it not then imperative that America have intelligent mothers if she hopes in the future to have intelligent citizens? There is no other way to argue it. * * * AND heaven knows that along with intelligence we must have courage. Only with the assistance of high valor can we accomplish the job of raising boys who will lift America and the world out of the slough of materialism into which we are all sunk together. The schools, big business, politics, society in general, teach ignominious conformity. Any evidence that a lad thinks for himself makes him these days immediately suspect, if not by the faculty, at least by the school board. The words uprightness and honor have become meaningless sounds in politics. And do we perchance love peace? Then our children are likely to find themselves in colleges where R. O. T. C. has turned the campus into a miniature battlefield and where war continually is glorified. ' I dare assert this: Unless we teach our girls honor and courage and common sense, we never can produce Washingtons. Jeffersons, and Lincolns again in America. In the hands of the potential mothers lies the fate of our civilization.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

Japan Has Lost More During the Last Four Months by Way of Good Opinion, Respect and Confidence Than a Dozen Manchurias Coidd Offset . NEW YORK, Feb. 26.—Japan speaks as a minority of one in | taking issue with Secretary Stimson. Throughout the whole wide world, not an official voice thus far has been raised in her support. She should be warned by the universal coldness with which her quibbling has been greeted. Who cares which paragraph of i the nine-power treaty was agreed to first? Who believes that internal discord iaid Chinese territory open to violation? Such sophistries are unworthy of respect. The issue does not hang on the history of a conference. # u Powers Ignored TO begin with, every government which signed the ninepower treaty had a right to expect that it would be consulted regarding any act which threatened, suggested, or implied its violation. The fact that Japan may have had her own ideas of what it meant under certain circumstances gave her no authority to read such a meaning into it. At best, she is guilty of ignoring her associates, of giving them no chance to be heard, of acting without their consent or advice. nun How Justified? WHAT good reason can Japan offer for not laying her grievances, as well as her plan of procedure, before the other signatories of the nine-power treaty, or the league of nations? If she had no desire, save to restore order in Manchuria, why didn’t she begin by laying her cards openly on the table? Is she astonished at the prospect of armed rivalry on the Pacific after this brazen assault on a weak and unsuspecting neighbor, this gratuitous affront to her partners in a solemn contract? u x a Germany Outdone JAPAN has elected not only to interpret the nine-power treaty as she pleases, but to act \n such a manner as flouts every aspect and aspiration of the peace movement. To all intents and purposes, she has dynamited the disarmament conference now going on at Geneva, smashed faith in the League of Nations and persuaded most Americans that this country needs a bigger navy. Worse still, she has isolated herself more completely from the civlized world than did Germany in 1914. * ' x Manufactured War IT commonly is believed that there are two Japans—one represented by an old, aristocratic war party; the other by a rapidly growing element of progressive, peaceloving people. It is said that the imperialists now in control of the Japanese government stand for class and traditional pertver, rather than majority sentiment, and that the bulk of the people would turn against them but for the conviction that the country’s honor is at stake. Same old story of manufactured war and manufactured patriotism to back it up; same old trick of getting a nation involved and then telling the common people they must save it. x x x Prestige Wrecked THE Japanese people are being led into a bottomless mire. Whether the civilized world takes immediate action to stop the proceeding, it is developing an adverse sentiment which will last for generations. Japan has lost more during the last four months by way of good opinion, respect and confidence than a dozen Manchurias could offset. Nothing that she might gain in China possibly could compensate her for the friendliness and esteem she is throwing away.

M TODAY IS THE- SW f WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

' GERMANS ATTACK U. S. TROOPS , Feb. 26 ON Feb. 26, 1918, the British hospital ship Glenart Castle was torpedoed and sunk in the Bristol channel. Loss of life was placed at 164. The Germans, in a trench raid on American-held positions on the western front, used gas in attaining temporary success. Five United States soldiers were killed and nearly 100 others wounded. German and Austrian planes bombed Venice, damaging two churches. Turkish troops occupied Trebizond in the Caucasus region. A Spanish grain boat, the Naguri, was sunk by a German submarine. British troops reported pew successes in a series of skirmishes with the Turkish forces in Palestine. The United States naval tug Cherokee foundered in a storm, twenty-nine lives being lost. > How large is the Negro population of the United States? 11,891,143. What was the title of the song sung by Winnie Lightner in the motion picture “Side Show?” “Take a Look at This.” What is the time limit on a tourists’ permit in Canada? Sixty days, with an allowable extension of thirty days upon application to the custom’s office. What book in the Bible contains the story of Melchizedek? Genesis 14:18—24. Who is credited with originating the plan for a League of Nations? General v Jan Smuts of South Africa. To what genus do turtles belong? Reptiles. •

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Keep Physically Fit for Your Business

This is the first of five articles on health for the business man and office worker in these trying times. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. IN times of economic depression, when constant driving seems to yield little, if any, result, there develops a condition called industrial unrest, due undoubtedly to emotional reaction rather than to physical changes in the human body. When times are booming and returns are satisfactory in almost any occupation, people in general are satisfied with what they are doing. In times of economic stringency there develops a mental irritability which reflects itself not only in mental but also in physical changes. The business man whose * business is growing rapidly and’whose returns are far beyond his wildest

IT SEEMS TO ME

IN the same newspaper which carried an account of the 200th anniversary of ’ George Washington’s birthday, I ran across a story about another centennial ceremony. It was a report from England of a meeting held to mark the hundredth year since the death of George Crabbe, the poet. He lives chiefly in anthologies and lecture courses and belongs, I suppose, among the enduring, but minor singers. But he had his day of dignity and fame, and the thing which struck me was the complete difference in the method of approach adopted by the speakers who honored his memory. And it was no mean group which gathered, for John Masefield and Dean Inge both paid their respects to the dead poet. “George,” said Dean Inge—and lest there be any confusion I repeat that he referred to the poet—“always liked women and children and was a terrible flirt. An old squire of that day said, ‘Damme, the first time Crabbe dined at my house he made love to my sister.’ “Crabbe himself wrote, ‘I have, though at considerable distances, six female friends unknown to each other, but all very dear to me’.” Masefield remarked that Crabbe took snuff and opium and that whenever a pretty face came within his ken “he became a regular devil of a fellow.” XXX* Liked to Be Reminded A GREAT - GRANDDAUGHTER and other descendants of the poet were present and did not leap up to cry “Shame!” when it was revealed that their ancestor possessed frailties. Due consideration was taken of the fact that the old gentleman did find time to poetize, as well as philander. Herbert Hoover, naturally, is not gifted with the tongue of an Inge or a Masefield, and it hardly would have been happy or even fitting if his speech before the house and senate about George Washington

This Man, This Woman Back through the history of the human race, to its beginnings lost in the ages of antiquity, men and women have been choosing their mates, and the institution of marriage, differing in different ages and in different countries, and among different peoples, has been developing and reaching the forms and customs that exist in the world today The history of marriage is a fascinating study, and throws much light on marital problems of this day and age. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a condensed, but comprehensive, outline ot the History of Marriage from earliest ages to the present time; from primitive promiscuity down to monogamous marriage. You will be interested and informed by it. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: —CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 168, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, HISTORY OF MARRIAGE, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO '. .CITY . STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. - (Code No.)

Good Intentions, But —/! !

anticipations pays little, if any, attention to what his competitors are doing. The moment he comes under stress, when sales begin to fall, when collections are poor, everything his competitors say or do worries him. At such times everyone travels about with a chip on the shoulder ready to fight at the drop of the hat. It is obviously therefore of the greatest importance to avoid, if possible, every cause of stimulus or every factor that may be concerned in dissatisfaction or unrest. ✓ The employe who works under good conditions of ventilation, temperature and lighting, whose routine is broken by rest pauses and lunch periods, and who is enabled to avoid fatigue, is much more unlikely to be irritable and dissatisfied than the one who is constantly subject to monotony.

had been marked by sprightly intimacies. Even the best and the most thoroughgoing biographers have not endeavored to impair Washington’s reputation for austerity. But he was not the prig first presented by Parson Weems, who invented the cherry tree legend, or prim as the President pictured him in his address. Mr. Hoover is not a man much addicted to reading, and his educational opportunities have been scant. It was, accordingly, a mistake for him to venture into any generalization about biography as he did when he said: “Nor have I much patience with those who undertake the irrational humanizing of Washington. He had, indeed, fine qualities of friendliness, of sociableness, of humaneness, of simple hospitality, but we have no need to lower our vision from his unique qualities of greatness, or to seek to depreciate the unparalleled accomplishments of the man who dominated and gave birth to the being of a great nation.” XXX Dirking in the Dark IF Mr. Hoover had anything more than an oratorical flourish in mind, he was probably referring to the work of W. E. i Woodward and Rupert Hughes. Both authors have received much editorial condemnation from commentators who are opposed to “muckraking the life of George Washington.” And this charge has been made for the most part by critics who have never read more than a few lines of either Hughes or Woodward. Tn neither instance could such an accusation be maintained. It is not likely that Herbert Hoover is familiar with the Rupert Hughes series, for it is a massive job and not yet complete. Competent historians like Dr. Harry Elmer Barnes rate it as among the most important of all the lives. Mr. Hughes took nothing away from the

At a time w’ften men are subjected to unusual worries, stress and strain they should be physically fit. The old proverb—mens sana in corpore sana—a sound mind in a sound body—never demanded so much emphasis as at this time. It is economical to be healthy, whether you are a bricklayer or the “big boss.” The only way to be certain that you are healthful is to have a periodic physical examination. Which will find any temporary disabilities or any beginning inadequacies. The interlocking cogs of the human machine get along well if left largely alone when they are in normal condition. The moment one part begins to weaken, excess strain is thrown on some other portion exactly as with a machine. The earlier the weakening is detected, the better it is for the whole apparatus. Next: Worry.

KV HEYWOOD BY BROUN

extraordinary capacity of Washington to keep a cause in being in spite of the bitterest handicaps. It is foolish to maintain, as the school books do, that all the ragged Continentals were heroes animated by nothing but lofty idealism. Washington had to deal with men in whom vices and virtues were combined. He was himself amazingly persistent in the things for which he stood. That was why he towered. But, like the rest, he was made and marred with clay. XXX The Job of Lily Painting CJURELY Mr. Hoover does r.ut mean to suggest that any biographer worth his salt or his subject should mass all the available material and then cast aside everything which does not fit within the tight confines of eulogy? I do not think that any of the great dead are honored much by being bedded down in stained glass. A hundred years ago it was proposed that Washington be buried in a crypt in the Capitol, but his great-nephew, John Washington, refused, saying, *‘Let Washington slumber, farmer-like, where he retired from the cares of state to till the ground.” And even in life he was of the earth. I think there should be a little more merriment at any .man’s birthday, even the two hundredth, than Herbert Clark Hoover suggested. Perhaps the President was not ; quite the man for the task, but somebody should have mentioned the fact that it was Washington’s daily custom to drink a pint of Madeira wine for dinner and that he was a great wrestler and loved to dance. Even the humblest of us has a right to hope that after 200 years there shall be no whispering over the grave, but that somebody with a pleasant smile may stand and tell the truth entire. (Copyright. 1932. bv The Time*)

People’s Voice

# ■' ■■ ■ f ! Editor Times “Give light and | the people will find their way” is correct, but when it comes to war, the people never are given the privilege to even express their views when it comes to a matter of deciding the rightness of going into an aggressive war, such as Japan is carrying on now. There is no question in my mind that the people of that country would vote down any proposal their war lords could make for agressive war, unless the situation be most essential for the nation’s welfare. They have for a long time been purging their literature of war’s glorification, and I am sure it would be only under the heaviest stress that they would consent to war. If we were to create a “league to i enforce peace,” and acted under s agency, we would create the very thing that we wish t n prevent war. That is why I am in favor of eliminating from the League of Nations’ covenant such things as articles X, XVI and related ones that call for the use of both physical force and’ economic boycott. They create war! These things should be taken out and others added, calling lor es-,

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s nost interesting writers and are presented without regard to rheii agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude ct this paper.—The Editor.

FEB. 26. 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Mountains, Plateaus and Valleys on the Ocean Floor Have Important Bearing on Its Circulation. r T'HE ocean basins have a topog- ■*- raphy as varied as the continents. There are mountains, plateaus and valleys on the floors of the oceans. The contours of the ocean bottoms have an important bearing upon circulation of the oceans, according to Dr. Thomas Wayland Vaughan, director of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography at La Jolla, Cal. Dr. Vaughan points out that primarily the circulation of both the atmosphere and the oceanic waters are due to the sun’s heat and the rotation of the earth. These primary causes are modified by the dragging effect of the air currents upon the surface waters of the oceans. Asa result of the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the earth, causing different portions to be heated more than others, and as a result of the earth's rotation and the location of the continents, there are five more or less permanent areas of high barometric pressure over the oceans. These are known as the north Atlantic high, the south Atlantic high, the north Pacific high, the south Pacific high and the Indian ocean high. These “highs” govern the location of the trade winds in the Atlantic and Pacific which are to be found between the equator and these highs. The general direction of the trade winds is eastward. Westward drifts are to be found between the “highs” and the polar regions. The waters of the ocean follow the same general drift as do the winds, Dr. Vaughan says. XXX The Atlantic Basin r T''HE general circulation of the A oceans, as already stated, further is modified by the contours of the ocean basins. Dr. Vaughan points out the following significant facts about the Atlantic basin: “The S-shaped Middle Atlantic rise extends almost the entire length of the Atlantic ocean and divides it into two troughs. That part of the ridge north of the equator is known as the north Atlantic rise, and that south of the equator is known as the south Atlantic rise. “Free communication between the northern end of the Atlantic ocean and the Arctic ocean is obstructed by the Iceland swell, which extends from the northern end of Scotland to Iceland and is continuous to Greenland, and by the relatively shallow water on the west side of Greenland. “Conditions on the two sides of the Iceland swell are very different as the section across the part of it between the Shetland anil Faroe islands, known as the Wyville Thompson ridge, as given by Murray and Hjort, plainly shows. “On the north side of the ridge, the bottom water, at a depth of about 800 meters, has a temperature of zero degrees centigrade, whereas on the south side the water of a depth of 1,600 meters has a temperature of ,4 degrees centigrade. “Shallow bottom holds back from the north Atlantic the cold water of the Arctic ocean. “Two important submarine ridges that affect the circulation in the southern part of the east Atlantic are Walfish ridge, which extends from the west coast of Africa in latitude 20 degrees south, southwestward to join the south Atlantic rise in latitude about 35 degrees south, and the Atlantic-Indian ; transverse rise, which is an abruptly bent eastward continuation of the southern end of the south Atlantic rise.” XXX The Pacific Basin CONCERNING the configuration of the Pacific basin, Dr. Vaughan says: “The configuration of the floor of the Pacific basin differs in several important respects from that of all the other ocean basins. There are in it no continuous, more or less mcridianal. elevations such as the middle Atlantic rise, and there are no great transverse ridges such as Walfish ridge and the Rio Grande swell. “At its northern end the Pacific is more or less cut off from the Arctic ocean by the shallow water in Bering Strait and the Aleutian islands, but some water appears to enter the north Pacific from the southwest section of Bering sea. “On the west side of the Pacific there is a succession ol island arcs behind which are partially inclosed seas. One of these seas, the Okhotsk sea, appears to be a source whence a part of the cold water in the north Pacific is derived. . "The southern end of the Pacific is widely flaring and is in communication with the waters on the north side of Antarctica and with the waters of the Indian ocean south' of New Zealand and Australia. On the east side of its southern end, communication with the south Atlantic is obstructed by the island arc of the Antarctic Archipelago, which already has been mentioned. “Although there are within the Pacific basin numerous ridges, such as the Hawaiian Ridge, there is none that extends entirely across the ocean basin and divides it into north and south sections, such as the case in the Atlantic basin. ' “The bottom conformation of the Pacific is such as to allow a more extensive meridianal movement of bottom waters and also a more unobstructed movement between east and west than in the Atlantic”

Daily Thought

Be thou faithful unto death.— Revelation 2:10. Faith is a Christian’s right eye, without which he cannot look for Christ.—Thomas Brooks. tablishment of a limited referendum against war, for ad libitum action on the part of nations in case of war between any two, for a “change of venue” action in submitting controversies, etc. The league should be given anew name, that of “peace council,” because it is peace that we are after, not war. C. F. ADAMS.