Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 248, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 February 1932 — Page 7

FEB. 24, 1932.

GLASS BLOCKS FAST ACTION ON BANK AID BILL Anger of Virginia Senator Aroused by Rewriting of Own Measure. By United Press WASHINGTON, Feb. 24 —Administration pressure is centered today on 120-pound Senator Carter Glass fDem., Va.) who is blocking the Glass-Stengall credit and currency bill as effectively as a Rocknetrained tackle. The diminutive Virginian is angry. His fist flails the air and his Phi Beta Kappa key leaps on its leash as he expresses his dislike of the form into which a combination of White House and congressional pressure has remodeled the bill which he himself introduced. Angry and gesticulating, Glass strode Tuesday from the room in which representatives of the senate and house had spent two hours endeavoring to agree on the form in which the bill finally shall be enacted. No agreement had been reached, but the conferees were summoned to meet again today. Glass has conceded point after point, and it generally is believed hr will be compelcd finally to capituate, or compromise, on the single major point now in dispute. It is whether the 136 largest banks in the federal reserve system shall be permitted to borrow indiresort to formation of guaranty groups of five or more banks, whose promissory notes would underwrite reserve advances to the distressed member of the group. The house bill would permit all banks to borrow individualy. The senate bill said none of greater capital than $2,000,000 should borrow, except in groups. That restriction opens individual borrowing to all but 136 of the 7,600 member banks. Glass contends that if the 136 large banks were enabled to borrow individually on their promissory notes, most of the federal reserve assets might flow to those few institutions. HIGH SCHOOL STUDIES MAY EXCEED 4 YEARS Tiipils May Attend After They Are Graduated, Ogden Rules. If a Hoosier child between 16 and 21 has completed four years of high school and still remains unsatisfied with his education, he or she can continue to attend and take courses not studied, before graduation. This is the ruling made today by Attorney General James M. Ogden on request of the department of public instruction. He also ruled that where tuition is being paid by a township having no school and sending the pupil to some other district, the tuition need not be paid after the four years have been completed. DOCTOR-FINANCIER DIES George Kcndle, Princeton, Succumbs to Long Illness. By United Press PRINCETON, Ind., Feb. 24.—Dr. George Kendle, 77, prominent as a physician and a financier, died here Tuesday night after a long illness. He was former president of the defunct Citizens Trust and Savings bank. Surviving him are the widow and one son. Ralph. Los Angeles. Franklin College Head Retained Dr. Robert H. Kent, department of philosophy and psychology head at Franklin college, will continue as acting president during 1932 and 1933, Charles F. Remy, member of the college board of directors, announced today.

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Open Door Policy in Far East Upheld in Stimson Statement

Secretary of State Stii iny the United States stan My Dear Senator Borah—You have asked my opinion whether, as sometimes has been suggested recently, present conditions in China have in any way Indicated that the so-called nine-power treaty has become inapplicable or 'ineffective or rightly in need of modification, and, if so, What I considered should be the policy of this government. This treaty, as you of course know, forms the legal basis upon which now rests the “open-door” policy toward China. That policy, enunciated by Jonh Hay in 1899, brought to an end the struggle among various powers for so-called spheres of interest In China, which was threatening the dismemberment of that empire. To accomplish this Mr. Hay invoked two principles (1) equality of commercial opportunity among all nations in dealing with China, and (2> as necessary to that equality the preservation of China’s territorial and administrative integrity. These principles were not new in the foreign policy of America. They had been the principles upon which it rested in its dealing with other nations for many years. In the case of China they were invoked to save a situation which not only threatened the future development and sovereignty of that great Asiatic people, but also threatened to create dangerous and constantly increasing rivalries between the other nations of the world.

Hay Announces Policy

War already had taken place between *Japan and China. At the close of that war, three other nations intervened to prevent Japan from obtaining some of the results of that war claimed by her. Other nations sought and had obtained spheres of interest. Partly as a result of these actions, a serious uprising had broken out in China, which endangered the legations of all of the powers at Peking. While the attack on those legations was in progress, Mr. Hay made an announcement in respect to this policy as the principle upon which the powers should act in the settlement of the rebellion. He said: “The policy of the government of the United States is to seek a solution which may bring about permanent safety and peace to China, preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity, protect all rights guaranteed to friendly powers by treaty and international law, and safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese empire.” He was successful in obtaining the assent of the other powers to the policy thus announced. In taking these steps Mr. Hay acted with the cordial support of the British government. . . .

New Treaty Accepted

For twenty years thereafter, the open door policy rested upon the informal commitments thus made by the various powers. But in the winter of 1921-1922, at a conference participated in by all the principal powers which had interests in the Pacific, the policy was crystallized into the so-called nine-power treaty, which gave definition and precision to the principles upon which the policy rested. In the first article of that treaty, the contracting powers, other than China, agreed: “1. To respect the sovereignty, the independence and the territorial and administrative integrity of China. "2. To provide the fullest and most unembarrassed opportunity to China to develop and maintain for herself an effective and stable government. ”3. To use their influence for the purpose of effectually establishing and maintaining the principle of equal opportunity for the commerce and industry of all nations throughout the territory of China. “4. To refrain from taking advantage of conditions in China in order to seek special rights or privileges which would abridge the rights of subjects or citizens of friendly states, and from countenanc action inimical to the security of such states.”

Gave Rights to China

This treaty thus represents a carefully developed and matured international policy, intended, on the one hand, to assure to all contracting parties their rights and interests in and with regard to China, and. on the other hand, to assure to the people of China the fullest opportunity to develop, without molestation, their sovereignty and independence, according to the modern and enlightened standards believed to maintain among the peoples of this earth. At the time this treaty was signed it was known that Chnia was engaged in an attempt to develop the free institutions of a self-governing republic after her recent revolution from an autocratic form of government; that she would require many years of both economic and political effort to that end, and that her progress necessarily would be slow. „ • The treaty thus was a covenant

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Ison's letter to Senator William E. Borah , reaffirmi for the “Open Door ” in the Orient, follows:

of self-denial among the signatory, powers, in deliberate of any policy of aggression which might tend to interfere with that: development. It was believed—and the whole history of the development of the “open door” policy reveals that faith—that only by such process, under the protection of such agreement, could the fullest interests not only of China, but of all nations which have intercourse with her, best be served.

Open Door Made a Fact

In its report to the President announcing this treaty, the American delegation, headed by the then secretary of state, Charles E. Hughes, said. “It is believed that through this treaty the ‘open door’ in China at last has been made a fact.” During the course of the discussions which resulted in the treaty, the chairman of the British delegation, Lord Balfour, had stated that: “The British empire delegation understood that there was no representative of any power around the table who thought that the old practice of ‘spheres of interest’ either was advocated by any government or would be tolerable to this conference. “So far as the British government was concerned, it had, in the most formal manner, publicly announced that it regarded this practice as utterly inappropriate to the existing situation.” At the same time the representative of Japan, Baron Shidehara, announced the position of his government as follows: “No one denies to China her sacred right to govern herself. No one stands in the way of China to work out her own great national destiny. . .

Problems Interrelated

It must be remembered also that this treaty was one of several treaties and agreements entered into at the Washington conference by the various powers concerned, all of which were interrelated and interdependent. No one of these treaties can be disregarded without disturbing the general understanding and equilibrium intended to be accomplished and effected by the group of agreements arrived at in their entirety. The Washington conference essentially was a disarmament conference aimed to promote the possibility of peace in the world, not only through cessation of competition in naval armament, but also by solution of various other disturbing problems which threatened the peace of the world, particularly in the Far East. These problems were all interrelated. Willingness of the American government to surrender its then commanding lead in battleship construction and to leave its positions at Guam and, in the Philippines without further fortification, was predicated upon, among other things, the self-denying covenants contained in the nine-power treaty, which assured the nations of the world not only of equal opportunity for their eastern trade, but also against the military aggrandizement of any other power at the expense of China. One can not discuss the possibility of modifying or abrogating those provisions of the nine-power treaty without considering at the same time the other promises upon which they were really dependent.

Kellogg Pact Adopted

Six years later, the policy of selfdenial against aggression by a stronger against a weaker power, upon which the nine-power treaty had been based; received a powerful reinforcement by the execution by substantially all nations of the world of the pact of Paris, the so-called Kellogg-Briand pact. These two treaties represent independent, but harmonious steps taken for the purpose of aligning the conscience* and public opinion of the world in favor of a system of orderly development by the law of nations, including the settlement of all controversies by methods of justice and peace instead of by arbitrary force. The program for the protection of China from outside aggression is an essetnial part of any such development. The signatories and adherents of the nine-power treaty rightly felt that the orderly and peaceful development of the 408,000,000 people inhabiting China was necessary to the peaceful welfare of the entire world and that no program for the welfare of the world as a whole couid afford to neglect the welfare and protection of China. The recent events which have taken place in China, especially the hostilities which, having been begun

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THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

in Manchuria, latterly have been extended to Shanghai, far from indicating the advisability of any modification of the treaties we have been discussing, have tended to bring home the vital importance of the faithful observance of the covenants therein to all nations interested in the far east. It is not necessary in that connection to inquire into the causes of the controversy or attempt to apportion the blame between the two nations which unhappily are involved: for, regardless of cause or responsibility, it is clear beyond peradventure that a situation has developed which can not, under any circumstances, be reconciled with the obligations of the covenants of these two treaties, and that if the treaties had been faithfully observed such a situation could not have arisen.

No Reason to Modify

The signatories of the nine-power treaty and of the Kellogg-Briand pact who are not parties to that conflict are not likely to see any reason for modifying the terms of those treaties. To them the real value of the faithful performance of the treaties has been brought sharply home by the perils and losses to which their nationals have been subjected in Shanghai. That is the view' of this government. We see no reason for abandoning the enlightened principles embodied in these treaties. We believe that this situation would have been avoided had these covenants been observed faithfully, and no evidence has come to us to indicate that due compliance with them would have interfered with the adequate protection of the legitimate rights in China of the signatories of those treaties and their nationals. On Jan. 7, last, upon instruction of the President, this government formally notified Japan and China that it would not recognize any situation, treaty or agreement entered into by those governments in violation of the covenants of these treaties, which affected the rights of our government or its citizens in China. If a similar decision should be reached and a similar position taken by the other governments of the world, a caveat wall be placed upon such action, which, we believe, effectviely will bar the legality hereafter of any title or right sought to be obtained by pressure or treaty violation, and which, as has been showm by history in the past, eventually wiil laed to the restoration to China of rights and titles of which she may have been deprived.

Problems Were Foreseen

In the past, our government, as one of the leading powers on the Pacific ocean, has rested its policy upon an abiding faith in the future of the people of China and upon the ultimate success in dealing with j them of the principles of fair play, i patience, and mutual good will. We appreciate the immensity of the task which lies before her statesmen in the development of her country and its government. The delays in her progress, the instability of her attempts to secure a responsible government, were foreseen by Messrs. Hay and Hughes and their contemporaries and were the very obstacles which the policy of the open door was designed to meet. We concur with those statesmen, representing all nations in the Washington conference, who decided that China was entitled to the time necessary to accomplish her development. We are prepared to make that our policy for the future. (Signed) HENRY L. STIMSON. PASTOR GRAVELY ILL The Rev. G. C. Chandler, Veteran Baptist Minister, Stricken. Condition of the Rev. G. C. I Chandler, 77, pastor of the Memoj rial Baptist church twelve years, was ; reported serious today by relatives at his home, 2424 West St. Clau- | street, where he is ill following a | heart attack. He is one of the old- | es t active ministers in the denomj ination in Indiana.

JOIN IN LENTEN SERVICE Episcopal Churches of City Will Hear Atlanta Bishop Tonight. All Episcopal parishes of Indianapolis will join in an interparochial Lenten service at 8 tonight in the All Saints cathedral, Sixteenth street and Central avenue. The Rt. Rev. Henry J. Mikell, bishop of Atlanta, will preach. He spoke today at noon at Christ church.

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WOMEN BOSS TOWN. WORK IS DONE BY MEN f Weighty Problems Fail to Draw Officials From Their Household Duties. Women hold all political offices, ; and otherwise “boss” the town of j Williams Creek, north of Indianapolis—but their husbands do the work. Weighty problems on the town’s future failed today to draw a single officeholder away from her household duties. For not a single member of the fair sex appeared before commissioners at the courthouse to iron out tax and boundary problems. Tow'n board members were represented by their husbands. Gavin Payne, broker, and B. D. Spradling, architect, appeared in behalf of their wives, when Charles H. Bailey, Washington township assessor, called a conference on taix questions. * Bailey is in a quandary whether to tax the newly incorporated towrn as “Williams Creek estates” or part of Washington township. The town was incorporated before March 1, date so rtaxing. It also is impossible for the town to levy its own tax before next September. Another problem regards fixing of the town's southern boundary line. Articles of incorporation fixed the line as the winding, irregular Williams Creek, which Bailey holds is indefinite. Commisisoners advised “agents” of the town’s officials to get an opinion from County Attorney Charles B. Clarke on both matters.

Attention All! SURPASSING our past achievements in bringing to you the outstanding screen successes, we have secured for the Apollo Theater a picture that we sincerely believe to be one of the finest entertainments ever filmed. It is the supreme accomplishment of a great artist. It is a picture so human, so delightful, so modern and so keenly in tune with our times that it will seem as near to’ you as life itself. The picture is “The Man Who Played God,” starring Mr. George Arliss. It will open at the Apollo Theater, Friday next, February 26th, for a limited engagement, and will not appear at any other theater for thirty days. All Indianapolis will hail Mr. Arliss’ latest triumph. Do not miss seeing the season’s most brilliant photoplay . . . one that you will remember always. Apollo Theater

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HONOR SCOUT OFFICIAL C. O. Race Feted Guest at Annual Appreciation Dinner. Annual appreciation dinner of Boy Scout officials of Indianapolis was held Tuesday night in the Central Christian church. C. O. Race, scoutmaster of Troop 73 of the Hillside Christian church was awarded a scoutmaster's key for completion of a five-year training course.

BUSINESS MEN MAY ORGANIZE Support for Home-Owned Firms Urged on Group. Formation of an organization to encourage home-owned business is in prospect for Indianapolis at a meeting of forty local business men Tuesday night at the Marott. Five speakers urged the founding of such an organization to encourage the patronage of home businesses, and to retain capital locally. Several local men have affiliated with the American Brotherhood Coordinated, and Colonel Will H. Brown, former auto dealer and manufacturer, will head the local movement. Brown, George J. Marott, Paul B. Brewer, grocer, and Dr. Frederick A. Perry, American representative o' the International Entente of Geneva, an organization against Communism, were among the speakers urging the local business men to band. Eat. Pay What It's Worth By United Press COLUMBUS. 0., Feb. 24.—A Columbus restaurant posted this sign: “Come in. Eat all you want. Pay what you think it's worth.”

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