Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 242, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 February 1932 — Page 4

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A Tax Program John E. Fredrick, manufacturer and business man, has come forward with a very courageous taxing program. While others talk of changing tax systems, he declares that the time has come to shift the jurdens from read estate to incomes. Others have done this, but he adds the provision hat Incomes must be insured in order that the gov.nment may collect. Translated into other words, the Fredrick declaralon is that men have the right to work and that government must insure them work. In no other way can incomes be insured. In no other way can there be a reservoir from which the government may draw its income taxes. More and more business men are coming to the conclusion that idleness is a luxury, especially when the other fellow is idle and the community must pay the bill. As to the evil results of enforced idleness on the part of a large portion of the population there is no need ol comment. Two years ago the Eagles lodge started a national campaign for the stabilization of employment and raised the rather fadical slogan “It is the inalienable right of every American citizen to work and to work at a saving wage.” Now comes Fredrick with his declaration that the government, and he means state and local government, must raise its revenues from incomes and that incomes must be insured. The two declarations work out to the same thing. The nation can not exist half in idleness and half in poorly paid jobs. There must be a purchasing power that is steady and secure if not only business, but the processes of civilized living are to be maintained. Even two years ago the Fredrick statement to the Rotarians, for he was talking to business men and not to politicians, would have been regarded as radical. Had it been made on a street corner by a Luesse, the police probably would have scratched their heads and wondered whether there should be an arrest for “Russian propaganda.” But today it is accepted as the most conservative and constructive doctrine. Income taxes on insured incomes will have an appeal to the distressed property owner who can no longer pay his taxes. It will have a more emphatic appeal to the jobless worker whose income has disappeared and who asks not for charity, but for a job. Mrs. Fiske Minnie Maddern Fiske. A small and, somehow, shimmering figure that turned its back on one audience to talk rapidly, passionately, and intelligently toward another that was invisible. Her great parts always were those in which the apparent played a mere accompaniment to the more portentous drama being enacted in a woman’s soul and mind. Up to the time of her appearance as Tess of the D’Urbervilles, she was just another small, arresting actress, with a husky, rushing voice, a crisp knot of tawney hair pitched well up at the crown of her head, quick, slim lips and expressive hands. At that period it seemed unfortunate that her prettiness was not of the conventional type. The eager, shortened face of a tragic Puck was unfitted for the airy requirements of light comedy. Her laughter was a trifle too breathy and fraught with meaning for the aimless mirth of lines with small cubic content. It carried a disturbing implication of genius unworthily engaged with the set of flounces and the devices of flirtation. Then suddenly the Minnie Maddern of flimsy nothings marched forward as the Minnie Maddern Fiske of Tess, of Nora in “The Doll’s House,” of Rebecca West in “Rosmersholm,” of Hedda Gabler, Becky Sharp, and Leah Kleschna. She invested herself with the mantle of a woman set amidst tangible conditions, but moving to the direction of unseen forces. She became the type and symbol of situations which, for want of a better word, we are wont to call modern. The mind was her realm, and the impulses of the mind the calls to which she responded. When she turned her back upon us and sped sharp, breathless words toward the back-drop, even the dullest of us became a little aware that conflict in the human, victory, defeat, even compromise, result from other elements than those which playwright, producer, and actor may designate through words and scenes alone. Yesterday Mrs. Fiske turned her back upon us in the final act of all. Many of us think of her death simply as that. And we will go on thinking of her, small, bright, fervent, hurried—addressing the unseen and wringing a meaning and a message from its silence. The Fight Has Just Begun The fight for federal hunger relief just has begun. In the senate the hard-boiled Republican and Democratic “leaders” have combined to vote it down. But it was a narrow escape for them. There will be another day. And—unless we miss our guess—before this congress adjourns, the politicians will be forced to listen to the cries of innocent and hungry victims of this depression. Before congress is through, that cry of the people is going to be louder than the commands of the big campaign contributors, who ruled the senate Tuesday night. Our guess that this fight will be won eventually Is more than a wish. It is based on the steady growth of public sentiment and the politicians’ increasing fear of that pressure coming in from the election districts back home. Last year the politicians and their wealthy backers beat this movement easily, by the sneering use of only one word-—“dole.” Even as recently as two weeks ago, when Senator La Follette made his great speech opening the present fight in the senate, it appeared that the senate could sidetrack this basic issue in two days' time and crush it with a 9-to-l vote. But each day and each hour the pressure from the voters grew stronger. The debate lengthened, day after day, until the Republican and Democratic “leaders” in fright began to seek alibis and substitutes. Such a face-saving substitute, after initial defeat, has been reintroduced by the Democratic conservatives. It would increase federal road grants and make relief loans to the states. The joker is that the small roads provision will be used to kill the pending large public works relief bill, and that loans to states which have exhausted their financial or legal borrowing capacity are mockery. Purpose of the La Foilette-Costigan bill was not to try to cope with unemployment, for which many other bills have been introduced, including the other La Follette bills. Purpose of this measure was purely humanitarian to meet an emergency of starvation. Government and local relief experts having testified that local public and private relief funds were inadequate, the need and duty of the fedf*3 gov-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and pnblKbcd dnHy (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Mnrion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscrlptlon rates in Indiana. S3 a year: outside o( Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager I'HONE—Rlicy 5-Vil WEDNESDAY, FEB. 17. UP. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Associntlon. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations, “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ernment to feed hungry Americans—as it has fed hungry Chinese, Belgians, Russians and others—was proved. That proof will be forthcoming more and more during the next four months before congress adjourns. A year ago, about five senators heard the pleas of the hungry. Two weeks ago there were ten. A week ago the number had grown to about eighteen. Tuesday night thirty-five voted for relief. A change of seven more votes would have brought victory. The forty-eight senators who voted against relief have not heard the last of it. They will hear from the hungry again. Humanism in Action The Community church is celebrating the twentyfifth anniversary of the ministry of John Haynes Holmes in New York City. Friends of the Community church an<J of Dr. Holmes well may offer their personal felicitations. The occasion is, however, of deeper and more general significance. The Community church is probably the most striking example of the new secular religion in action in the United States. Its experience is of high importance in estimating the prospects of humanism or any other type of religion divorced from supernaturalism. It often is held that religion is doomed because of the decline of belief in supernaturalism and otherworldliness upon which religion has rested in the past. Some contend that a religion based solely on secular and human considerations is no religion at all. Others state that It can not command enough emotional enthusiasm to give it popularity or permanence. Dr. Holmes has done much to challenge both of these contentions. John Haynes Holmes was given an excellent intellectual preparation for an intelligent ministry through his education at Harvard university and the Harvard divinity school, where he had a brilliant record for scholarship. He entered the Unitarian ministry at Dorchester in 1904. In February, 1907, he went to New York as pastor of the Church of the Messiah, in succession to the famous Unitarian divine, Dr. Minot J. Savage. During the World war, Dr. Holmes had the courage of his convictions, and opposed our entry into the conflict. He saw no reason for suspending his intelligence and religious convictions in wartime. The resulting difficulties with Unitarianism led to a further shift to the left. In 1919 he reorganized his congregation as the Community church—an independent religious society. With each succeeding year the Community church has become a more decisive example of humanized secular religion. It:f activities are devoted solely to making mankind better here and now, with no interest in future salvation and no expectation of divine guidance in the earthly experiment. It is purely a human and social enterprise. The word of God rarely is consulted or quoted. The ceremonial readings are primarily from great secular writers. The worship of God has been supplanted by what amounts to animated and inspired adult education. Here we find forums for the free expression of opinion on vital subjects of current interest. Mental hygiene and other clinics are established to straighten out personalities. ' Psychiatry, rather than prayer or confession, Is relied upon to produce results. There are varied classes for training in divers intellectual and esthetic interests. Not only is the institution humanistic; it also lives up to its name as a community organization. Dr. Holmes has endeavored tc make it the center from which there may issue movements in political reform and the like that will help to make New York City a more decent place in which to live. But the church is not provincial. Dr. Holmes is as much interested in developments at Moscow, Geneva or Jerusalem as he is in the doings of Mayor Walker at city hall. He has cut off all pretense to being literally a Christian and welcomes all liberally minded persons. Dr. Holmes’ experiment seems to have worked. The Community church has outgrown its earlier rather spacious quarters and is now engaged in constructing a mammoth institutional church. An able assistant, Dr. Lon R. Gall, has been added. Probably not every experiment of this sort would prove so successful. Much has been due to the magnetic personality and indefatigable industry of Dr. Holmes. Now that the nation’s two big national parties are baffled, there’s talk of a third. And no one knows what will come forth. Yet, if a third party found itself at the head of the government, it would have no one to blame but itself. If this country is as dumb as educators say, all Roosevelt has to do is raise a mustache, develop a grin and say “dee-lighted” to be elected.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

THE earth, it .seems, is overflowing with heartbroken mothers who are disappointed in their children. Sometimes, I suspect, a good many of us secretly glorify in our martyrdom. Sentimentalists, who have done us grave harm, long ago set up a pathetic picture of a good mother weeping for her erring children. It is a familiar picture, and very moving unless we examine it closely. Such sorrow to a mother is a poignant reality. Her daughters refuse to listen to her aavice. They smoke, perchance they take a cocktail and now and then they pet. They keep later hours than she was permitted to do. So, distrustful, alarmed and apprehensive for their future, she takes refuge in tears. And that gets her nowhere. Jn the first place, repining, weeping and nagging, because they call attention to the parent’s virtue and the child’s shortcomings, is the very last thing we should use upon '.-estive daughters. Recriminations are no good. Warnngs are no good. They only weary youth. a tt a 4 ND while one can feel sympathy for the mother /V*who is placed in such position (and is there one of us who is not there?) We also can understand the rebellion of the girl. It is a situation that calls for tolerance and wisdom, and not for beratings. The woman’s mind has been trained to believe in certain standards. Unless her children subscribe to those and follow exactly in her footsteps, she is sure they are lost. In this attitude, at least, she shows an intolerable smugness. She is assuming that she is right and that all her ways are virtuous ways. And this, don’t you think, but adds fuel to the flame of rebellion in the heart of her child? The conduct of yesterday is not that by which tomorrow’s man will live. The world moves and with it run swiftly the feet of the young. They can not exist on bygone creeds or wornout Ideals. So the wise mother will dry her tears and muster up her courage. Let her cultivate the good qualities of her children. Thus she may eliminate the bad. Perfection does not dwell in woman, even in one who is a mother.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

Prohibition Can Be Evaded in the Platform and Sidestepped by Candidates, but the Voter Will Make Use of It at the Polls. NEW YORK, Feb. 17.—Has the tide really turned, or is this rise in stocks just another false alarm? More people are interested in that question than in any other, and they include looking for work, as well as those looking for safe investments. You can laugh at prosperity as a political issue all you like, but who doesn’t want it? Who will vote against the party, the leader, or the measure that seems most likely to maintain it? Credit Divided THE restoration of prosperity, even to a limited extent, would have a profound effect on next fall’s election. That effect would be divided, however, as between the Republican and Democratic parties, since neither can claim exclusive credit for the measures which now are being adopted and which will be applauded as having turned the tide, if it turns. When it comes to those leaders within the parties who have worked together for the adoption of these measures, the effect is easier to understand and foresee. President Hoover and the faction he represents would be the chief beneficiaries on the Republican side, while John N. Garner and the faction he represents would enjoy a similar advantage on the Democratic side. tt tt tt Parties Watching 4 THE question of whether prosperity returns is of major importance not only to the nation as a whole, but to each of the great political parties. Admitting that the Republicans can not do otherwise than nominate Mr. Hoover, this question probably will determine the Democratic candidate. As long 'as nothing effective was being done to cure the depression, it was logical for the Democrats to pick a candidate because of some local achievement, or some proposition that sounded well. An upswing in business, would change all that, particularly if it could be credited to some specific act, or measure. a tt tt Wet Issue Growing A CLOSE second to prosperity in determining not only the election, but party control, is prohibition. Those politicians who think prohibition can be straddled without risk merely are storing up trouble for themselves. Two factors are combining to make it an irrepressible issue. First, the depression has revealed its economic side. Second, the Literary Digest poll is about to reveal h& the plain people feel toward it. With the federal government running steadily behind in its finances, while rum-runners and bootleggers collect $1,000,000,000 a year, it grows harder and harder to convince average folks that prohibition is good business. If the Digest poll discloses a substantial majority against prohibition, as I believe it will, it will be just as hard to convince average folks that prohibition can not and should not be repealed. Where, Mr,' Garner? THOUGH the restoration of piosperity would mean about an even break as between the two great parties, prohibition should operate to the advantage of the Democrats, since Mr. Hoover has taken a position which virtually compels him to act as champion of the dry cause. But where does Mr. Garner stand, and could he hope for much benefit as a collaborator in prosperity measures if he failed to take the right stand on prohibition? He could not. The wet east will not enthuse over a dry Democrat. Prohibition is going to prove the real test of leadership in the Democratic party this year. It can be evaded in the platform and sidestepped by candidates, but the voter is going to make use of it when he goes to the polls. Where does Mr. Garner stand?

Questions and Answers

What is smallage? The term is applied in the United States to celery, especially in its wild state. What does the name Elfreda mean? Elf threatened Who is Lewis Delaney Offield? That is the real name of the motion picture comedian known as Jack Oakie. Is Elissa Landi of royal descent? She is a granddaughter of Empress Elizabeth of Austria. Is a child born in the United States of British parents an American citizen? Any child born in the United States of British parents is an American itizen by virtue of the fourteenth amendment to the federal Constitution, and also a natural born British subject by virtue of the British nationality and status of aliens act of 1914. Upon attaining the age of majority, the individual can make an election of nationality. How is charcoal made? By subjecting wood to a process of smothered combustion. The wood is partially burned or heated so that the tarry and volatile matter is removed. What relation does a child bear to the first cousin of its parent? First cousin once removed. When was St. Patrick born? It is supposed that he was bom about 287 A. D. Os what religions denomination is Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York a member? The Protestant Episcopal church. Who was Aescnlapins? A character in Greek mythology, the god of medicine, and son of Apollo and Coronis. He is said to have raised men from the dead, so that Jupiter, fearing lest the realms

Drug Control Is International Worry

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE world continues to seek a solution to the problem of narcotic drug control. Used properly, narcotic drugs represent one of the greatest benefits ever developed for the happiness of mankind; used wrongly, they are associated with crime of the most terrible varieties, and with exploitation of human beings beyond measure. Because of the fact that those who are addicted will pay tremendous prices in order to secure the forbidden drugs, criminals do not hesitate to go to extreme lengths to steal and transport the illegal preparations. Chemists, without a proper sense of responsibility, work to develop combinations of habit forming drugs for the simple purpose of getting around laws that otherwise would prevent sale and transportation. At present various nations are giving special concern to the problem of controlling traffic in these drugs.

IT SEEMS TO ME

Y*7TTHIN the last few days ’ * Democrats have given themselves over to lamentation. They are afraid that Smith will split the party. • Victory, they seem to contend, can come only after a pleasant, smooth, steam-roller convention, with no discussion of issues or of candidates. Apparently it is their notion that no Democrat ever can reach the White House unless he wears gumshoes. They do not intend so much to win the presidency as to kidnap it. It is undoubtedly true that these tactics now are impossible, but when there is talk of division in the ranks it puzzles me that A1 Smith should be the only one named as applecart upsetter. To my mind there looms up still another whom the party must reject or cherish in this year of 1932. I refer to William Randolph Hearst,

of Pluto should become depopulated, struck him with thunder. After his death he was translated to heaven. He is usually represented as a venerable old man with a flowing beard. What countries on the American continent besides our own are called United States? United States of Brazil, United States of Mexico and the United States of Venezuela. What is the average height and weight of gins of 13 years? The average height is 58.2 inches; the average weight is 88.7 pounds.

M TODAY $3 IS THE- VV ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

WAR COSTS February 17 ON Feb. 17, 1918, the United States war department at Washington estimated that its gross expenditures ir the year ending June 30 would be $8,790,000,000. Expenditures to Dec. 31 were given as $1,762,000,000. Rumania received an ultimatum on that date from the Soviet government demanding immediate evacuation of Bessarabia by Rumanian and counter-revolutionary troops. The ntaht to transport Russian troops tmrough Rumarian territory was demanded in the same ultimatum. Anti-Bolshevik Ukrainians sent a note to the German goernmcnt declaring that their territory was being invaded by the Soviet armies and asking for protection from the “Red menace.” It was announced that additional United States troops were ready for front line duty in France.

My Country ’Tis of Thee!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

It is generally recognized that the only hope lies in getting at the drugs at their source. Each ounce of the original opium must be accounted for, whether made into morphine or heroin or any of the supposedly harmless drugs. The only way in which the drugs can be controlled is to make the manufacturer responsible for a careful record of every step in the process from the time the raw material enters his factory until it gets into the lands of the consumer. Every one concerned in the passing of the material must be held responsible for it while it is in his hands or under his control. The control of narcotic drugs is much simpler than the control of alcoholic liquors. Alcoholic liquors may be made from any fruit or vegetable and the process can be carried out in almost any place. To make narcotic preparations one must begin with the raw opium or cocoa leaves. These are commodities which can not be smuggled successfully in appreciable amounts.

who is back in the lists again after a political sabbatical. His. Muffler in the Ring FOUR years ago it seemed as if he had lost all interest in campaigns, both local and national. And to put it bluntly, nobody cared whether he cared. But today he has a distinct proprietary interest in the Garner boom, and, in addition, he is prepared to make the Democratic party take a definite stand upon the question of isolation or cooperation. It was originally my intention to attack the publisher with great vehemence. That is, if I could find any vehemence handy. I think that he has done more than any other man to promote tragic provincialism in America. I believe that Mr. Hearst, in his fights again? i; the league, the world court and the readjustment of debts, has assumed a personal liability for the duration of fear, suspicion, and depression. I think that Governor Roosevelt’s about-face in regard to the league was largely motivated by his desire to curry favor with Mr. Hearst. Indeed, Mr. Hearst is not only the leader, but the very symbol, of that type of American mentality which still believes that the economic earth is flat and that we can live happily by assuming that our own country is a sort of divinely endowed game preserve surrounded by poachers and ruffians. William Randolph Hearst has turned a deaf ear to the woes of the world and a blind eye to our responsibility for their continuation. In other words, I think his is an evil influence in our public life. u u A Word for the Defense I MAY be accused of pulling my punches in letting the indictment drop at this point. I am for the retirement of all 109 per cent Hearstites, like Mr. Hearst himself, and even more for the abolition of Hiram Johnson, who goes his leader one better and attains at least a 150 per cent Hearst ism. But I can not join the camp of those who are lock, stock and barrel against the publisher. William Randolph Hearst is and has been for and against so very many things that by the mere law of averages he must be right upon occasion. Nor do I share the belief of those who think that his policies are dictated solely by a desire for circulation. Unfortunately, the man seems to be sincere. Insincerity is not proved by inconsistency. I might cite the fact that Mr. Hearst, in the light of subsequent events, was right in regard to our participation in the World war. He opposed our entry at a time when it took a great deal of courage to stand out against the united drive for going in. It is true that shortly after we were in, Hearst publications turned out just about the same sort of superheated patriotism as everybody else. In saying that William Randolph Hearst has shown courage in

It is not safe to suggest that any one country can control its own narcotic problem. All nations must combine if the situation is to be properly worked out. Any one nation that cares to separate itself from the rest of the world in this matter can have the other nations at its mercy. Smugglers will take care of getting the preparations into the country that tries to stop the illegal use of narcotic preparations. The airplane and other modern methods of transportation have aided the smugglers, just as they have served for legitimate purposes. Attempts still are being made to develop international agreements for limiting definitely the amount of narcotic drugs produced annually. It is fairly simple to calculate what is a reasonable supply of narcotics for any civilized nation. If the total supply can be controlled, and if adequate records can be kept of the manufactured products and of their distribution, much will have been done to stop the illegal use of these preparations.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this uaper.—The Editor.

cv HEYWOOD BROUN

supporting his convictions, I did not mean to suggest that he would go the whole distance of martyrdom. Nor would I think of nominating him for the Nobel peace prize because he worked valiantly against war in 1917. That is somewhat balanced by the fact that he has been the leader in the effort to create ill will between Japan and the United States. A Slice Here and There 'T'HE Democratic party should A not swallow Mr. Hearst whole, or, rather, permit itself to be gobbled .up entirely. Nevertheless, it should incorporate a portion of the publisher’s wishbone in its platform. On the question of unemloyment relief through federal appropriation he has been sound and eloquent. The same holds true of prohibition. It may even be that the Democratic party ought to pat Mr. Hearst on the back before it throws him out of the hall. He does at least constitute a measuring rod of the courage and the capacity of the candidates. Or, if I may be allowed to shift the colors, William Randolph Hearst can serve as a sort of political litmus paper. After he has dipped into Democratic gatherings, we will have sure and certain evidence as to which leaders are true blue and which a pale and timid yellow. (Copyright, 1932. by The Times 1 How much it cost to educate a midshipman at the Annapolis Naval Academy, and. a cadet at West Point Academy? It costs between SII,OOO and $12,000 to graduate a midshipman and from $19,000 to $20,000 to graduate a cadet.

The Age of Science This is the scientific age. Civilization as we know it today Is the child of science. You can not keep up with modern developments without a knowledge of modem scientific thought. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a packet of eight of its interesting and authoritative bulletins on various phases of science. Here are the titles: 1. Popular Astronomy 5. Psychoanalysis Simplified 2. Electricity 6. History of Radio 3. Evolution Pro and Coh 7. Seven Modern Wonders 4. Great Inventions 8. Weather and Climate If you want this packet, fill out the coupon below and mah as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-22, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the packet of eight bulletins on SCIENCE, and inclose herewith 25 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CTTC .. STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

.FEB. 17, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Electric Motor Slowed Up to Two Revolutions a Dny in, Westinghouse Test. SLOWNESS as well as speed some*. times is required even in the modern high-speed machine age. While automobile and railroad builders are thinking of greater and greater speeds, while engineers are attempting continuously to speed up machines, a group of scientists at the Westinghouse laboratories has been working to see how slowly an electric motor can be made tc go. They have perfected a timing motor that will revolve only twice in the course of an entire day. But according to L. W. Chubb, director of research of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, and T. R. Watts, research engineer, who has co-operated in the development, that is only the beginning. They say that they could slow down the motor to the point where it would only make one revolution 1 in the course of a year. Theoretically, they say. there is no limit to the slowness which the new motor can be made to achieve. To show the usefulness of such a motor, Chubb and Watts have used it in the construction of an electric clock. So far, the clock is a laboratory experiment only and not available commercially. a a Four Moving Parts A FEATURE of the new clock is that it has only four moving parts, each one of which is necessary to operate one of the hands. The clock has four hands—an hour hand, a minute hand; a second hand and a split-second hand. The fastest moving part of the clock operates the split-second hand and makes sixty revolutions a minute. In other words, one revolution of this hand is a second, and its motion over the dial designates fractions of a second. Watts says that if the four points of wear in the clock were sealed in oil cups and jewels used for bearings, the clock would run forever without attention, provided, of course, that the electric current never was interrupted. Ordinary clocks use gears to obtain the slow speeds needed for the various hands. Even some of the electric clocks now on the market have motors which revolve sixty times a second. Trains of gears or cogwheels are required to reduce this speed to that of the hands. Chubb has named his clock the “gearless clock” because there are no gears in it. The clock is a sort of electrical gear in itself. All the mechanism of the clock is visible through a celluloid face about ten inches in diameter, mounted in a horizontal position. Just below the outer rim of the* clock face is the stationary portion of the mechanism. It is a wirewound iron circle known as a stator. This stator is so wound as to produce a magnetic field around which magnetism revolves 3,600 times a minute. It has 118 iron teeth around its inside edge. a a Rotors Are Used INSIDE this ring, but not touching it, is the rotor or rotating portion of the motor. Its outer edge has 120 iron teeth, two more than the stator has. There is a tendency for the magnetism to jump from stator to rotor when teeth are exactly opposite each other. But owing to the different number of teeth on stator and rotor, only two teeth are opposite each other at any one time. This gives a vernier effect around the rest of the circle and the result is that the rotor moves the distance of two teeth for each revolution of magnetism in the stator. In other words, while the magnetism is going 3,600 times a minute around the stator, the rotor is turning ony sixty times a minute. This is exactly the speed required for the split-second hand. Around the inner edge of the rotor ring are 122 teeth pointing toward a second rotor ring with 120 teeth around its outer edge. This brings about a speed of the second rotor of one revolution a minute. This is the desired speed for operating the second hand. A somewhat similar system is used to operate additional rotors, one of which has the minute hand attached to it, and the other of which has the hour hand attached to it. A permanent horseshoe magnet attached to the second hand rotor creates a magnetic field which is used to drive the rotor of the minute hand. Another magnet attached to this rotor drives the hour hand rotor. Chubb says that any desired speed can be obtained by the number and spacing of the teeth and that there is no theoretical limit to the slowness which can be obtained by the system.

Daily Thought

Resist the devil and he will flee from you—James 4:7. Temptations, like misfortunes, are sent to test our moral strength.— Marguerite de Valcfls.