Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 241, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 February 1932 — Page 6

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t C * I P p J - H OW AMD

The Case of Vehling The coroner of this county stands convicted by a jury of attempting to use his office to extort money from relatives of accident victims. There is no gratification, only sorrow, when a man who has achieved some measure of public approval and esteem, is sent to a prison to repent his betrayal of the people who trusted him. But no matter how much sympathy may be extended to the weak official who falls, there must be an ever determined drive to force public officials to merit esteem and confidence. In the case of Vehling, The Times played a somewhat important part in disclosing his violation of his oath. When complaint after complaint came to this newspaper of outrageous actions in connection with the bodies of victims of accident or murder, The Times investigated. It printed the results of its Inquiries. The grand jury, prosecuting attorney and now a trial jury have taken the necessary and proper action. Vehling was one of those who do not learn. He had failed to take the warning of what happened to*the Duvalls, to the officials who ran rampant in their defiance of decency until The Times exposed them. He had failed to interpret his own election as a protest against a spoils system of government. Unfortunately he must pay a rather severe lesson for that lack of intelligence. Public officials who betray their trust must be exposed and punished if the people are not robbed of their rights. That is the only way that public office can be lifted to a place of confidence and esteem. It is very necessary that those who go into office do so with the idea of serving, not robbing, those who elect them. His fate should be anew signboard to the tempted. Cardozo This is a great day. Chief Judge Benjamin Nathan Cardozo of New York has been nominated for the United States supreme court, and his confirmation is assured. He is the one man in the country whose ability to carry on the eminent tradition of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes can not be questioned. National issues, Presidents and political parties come and go—but the supreme court goes on forever. The supreme court can and does make decisions of Presidents and laws of congress. It writes in effect anew Constitution year by year. Its decrees are the highest law in the land, from which there is no earthly appeal. No other judicial body in all the world has its far-reaching power. Therefore, the nomination of justices for the high court is the gravest power exercised by a President of the United States. By the choice of these judges, who can serve for life, a President casts his shadow upon the vital decisions of government many years after he is dead—casts his shadow for good or evil. For two years the Scripps-Howard newspapers have fought for the appointment of Cardozo. But he has not been the candidate of any one group or faction. It has been our experience in consulting leaders of the bench and bar from coast to coast to find them all, regardless of party, ready to admit that Cardozo stood almost alone in legal eminence. Even the politicians who had their own judicial candidates, mostly second and third-rate men, never dared question Cardozo’s unique qualifications. Politicians, however, did question the partisan expediency of his appointment. They said he was a Jew, and one Jew on the supreme court already was one too many. They said he was from New York, and New York had too many representatives on the court. They said he was a liberal, and the departure of Holmes gave a good opportunity to stack the court more heavily with reactionaries. Probably no one but the President, who is subjected to it, can appreciate fully the strength of such partisan political pressure. The more glory, then, to the President in rising above petty politics. It was easy enough for newspapers and deans of law schools and independent lawyers to support Cardozo. But the President had to override bosses of both parties, avid for the spoils of office. To his honor, be it said, the President took the course of true statesmanship. The great Holmes will have a worthy successor on the supreme bench. How We Got Our Blue Sunday The Sunday charity shows and the anniversary of the Lord's day Alliance have brought to the fore once more the question of Blue Sundays. The alliance boasts that it closed 1,000 stores in New York alone in 1930, as well as standing guard over the threatened revival of the pagan Sunday. No less a person than Herbert Hoover has written Broth t Bowlby of the alliance, congratulating him on his work. “I am interested to learn that the Lord’s Day Alliance of the United States will celebrate its fortythird anniversary'. Its valiant work in promoting reverent respect for the Sabbath day is a potent factor in preserving the sacredness of that day, against secularization.” The apostles of Blue Sunday talk much about the pagan Sunday, from which they are trying to save us. They might be startled to find that the Sunday taboo, which they are trying to perpetuate, is of pagan origin indeed, was originated by Mithraism, the most bitter opponent of early Christianity. Primitive people, everywhere, under the yoke of an all-pervading supernaturalism, enforced many “rest days ” The Jews, with only a little more than fifty of these days, were rather more restrained than many others. This whole subject has been admirably summarized by Professor Hutton Webster in his ‘‘Rest Days.” The Jews, of co irse, forbade work on Saturday, the real “Sabbath ciay,” but not on Sunday. The Christians chose Sunday rather than Saturday as their day of worship and thanksgiving, largely because this was the day on which Christ was believed to have arisen. But the early Christians did not adopt for theI’* 1 ’* Sunday the Sabbatarian taboos of the Jews. After they had met for confession, communion and inspiration they scattered to their hemes and might work or play as they saw fit, subject to few and slight restrictions To the Mithraites, however, Sunday was a very holy day. They worshipped the sun as the source of light, and hence of all goodness which they identified with the light. Sunday to them was “the great day of the sun.” Shortly before Constantine became jfciYdr* to Christianity, the Mithraitea

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPB-HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned andpubliahed dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. S3 a year; outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD GOBLET. BOY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551 TUESDAY. FEB. 16. 1P32. Member of United Press, Bcrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alllaßce. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

him to outlaw work on “the great day of the sun.” Roman law then executed this decree. When the Christians captured the Roman imperial system they could not very well admit tlut their Sunday was less impressive or sacred than the Mithraic “great day of the sun.” So they were forced to perpetuate the Mithralc taboo on Sunday work. But the Roman Catholics never have been as narrow regarding the Sunday taboo as have the Protestants. Rome supplied the taboo against work on Sunday. The Protestants added the zeal against pleasures, as well as work, on the “Sabbath.” They revived Interest in the reading of the Bible, especially the Old Testament. They transferred the Sabbatarian taboo of the Jews from the Jewish Saturday to the Christian Sunday. The Puritans were particularly severe in their ardor against Sunday pleasures. An austere Sunday helped to soothe their consciousness relative to their week-day activities in the slave and rum trade and in piracy. Here we have, then, the history of the ideals of the Lord’s Day Alliance and other Blue Sunday advocates. They represent the merging of pagan taboos on Sunday work with the Jewish opposition to work or play on Saturday as they were thrown together by the Puritans of reformation days. There seems to be little historical justification for the concern of the modem Christian relative to work or play on Sunday. Every devout believer should be protected against Involuntary work on Sunday or against interference with his worship and religious practices. Further than this, the activities of the Blue Sunday zealots hardly can be tolerated by cultivated and urbane citizens. , New Employment Insurance ‘ Six states just have received excellent advice from a joint commission they created last year on unemployment insurance. The advice is equally good for states not represented in the commission. This commission, composed of experts, finds that the necessary first step in dealing with the problem of unemployment must be compulsory insurance, to care for “the persistent irregularity of operation so characteristic of American industry.” Voluntary insurance systems, it reports, are completely inadequate, since in the many years they have been operating they have extended only to a very small percentage of American workers. . The experts decide, also, that unemployment in depressions can not be dealt with by insurance, since demands are so heavy in a long-continued slump that they inevitably must deplete all ordinary reserve funds. Reserving depression unemployment for special treatment, the commission then recommends that each state enact legislation requiring each employer to set aside 2 per cent of his pay roll for unemployment insurance payments directly to his own men. In this the commission departs, probably with wisdom, from the insurance plans which have been tried in Europe. Other countries have pooled all insurance reserves. The plan proposed here makes each employer individually liable for his own men. The experts explain that greater incentive to avoid unemployment results in this way. If an employer succeeds in-stabilizing his production, his insurance payment*; are reduced. If the inefficient employer can turn to a general pool to care for his workers, he is inclined to impose on more efficient employers. Certainly, incentive to stabilize industry should be one of the prime ends of any insurance scheme. Another point seldom emphasized is contained in the commission recommendation that the reserve fund be entirely created by employers. It says; “The greatest share of the burden of unemployment still would be borne by the worker, whose benefits under the plan would be considerably less than the wages he would have continued to receive if employed. The employe should not, in our judgment, be required to reduce his earnings still further by payment of contributions into unemployment reserves.” And this, too, operates as an incentive to the owner to prevent unemployment. The states which just have received this report are New York, Ohio, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Connecticut. If they give its recommendations a trial, a long step will have been taken toward Improving the lot of the American worker, and, it follow's, of all Americans. Squirrels are reported destroying California crops. In times like these that’s a tough way to treat tourists. Probably one solution for those squirrel pests would be to teach them to eat wheat. College diplomas are to be made pocket size. Liable to give a wrong impression if they’re hip pocket size. l A university professor advises business to turn radical. Which just goes to show what happens to an idea when it isn’t copyrighted.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

ANOTHER eminent philisopher has offered a suggestion as to how America can be saved by its women. This time it is Henry L. Mencken speaking. “Let them stop wasting time at the bridge table and learn how to cook a noble dish of cabbage,” says he. Well, well, it looks now as if we women have got to do something. So long as the majority of the gentlemen, financiers, editors and statesmen are agreed that It’s up to us to save the country, I think Mr. Mencken’s suggestion is as good as any. For it’s evident that our anchovy, broccoli, caviar days are over and it’s back to boiled cabbage for us. Once we have learned how to turn out this noble dish in all its delicious succulence, however, can Mr. Mencken give us any real assurance that our husbands will eat it? tt tt tt I THINK, nevertheless, that the ladies should give ear to such tirades. For behind a good deal of our present misery is the senselessness and extravagance of the typical bridge-playing wife. Perhaps it would not be an exaggeration to say that thousands of fortunes lost on the stock market were gambled because wives curtain-lectured for more fur coats, larger automobiles and more extravagant entertainments. Too many women associate marriage and money in their minds. A plump, blondined saleswoman was overheard to make this remark the other day: “You knew, I simply do not have any respect for a man who can’t make money.” Outside of the fact that th£ kind of man her sort respects is capable of making only money, this attitude is too prevalent among women. Worst of all. a good many of us consider this a very worthy and virtuous state of mind. We can not claim immunity from the taint of materialism. We have built our homes on sham and show, and forgotten how satisfying simple living can be. So let’s cultivate cabbage, Contentment and oharacter and aea yhsA ibafc can <| 4or us.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says: Most People Took It for Granted That Organized Killing by the Military Forces of a Government Meant War, but It Appears They Were Wrong. NEW YORK, Feb. 16.—According to some authorities, it is not j war as long as the nations engaged ! avoid calling it war. Says Quincy Wright, professor of ! international law at Chicago university: “Japan and China are not at war because neither has expressed an intention to make war.” “However,”' he adds, “if hostilities reach sufficient magnitude, it doubtless would be in the competence of third states to regard war as existing. Avery interesting viewpoint not only because of its particular bearing on the far-eastern situation, but because of its general bearing on the Kellogg pact. It would seem that in outlawing w r ar, we merely outlawed official declarations. # n Lacked Definition IT Is only fair, of course, that we should be precise In the use of words, but why not beforehand, instead of afterward. What was the use of outlawing war, until we had agreed on an exact definition. Most people took it for granted that organized killing by the military forces of a government meant war, but it appears that they were wrong. The act must be preceded by a definite expression of intent, or reach a certain magnitude, before it can be regarded as the real thing. In other words, a nation could create quite a disturbance, without making war in the technical sense, provided it did not say too much about its plans, or mobilize too extensively. This Is War! SUCH quibbling may be scientifically correct, but it confuses common folks, and common folks still have to pay the bill. Men in the street know what they mean by war, whether international lawyers do, or not. It required no League of Nations commission to convince them that a state of war existed in the neighborhood of Shanghai. With thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless; with transports unloading men by the regiment; with airplanes dropping bombs and the roar of heavy guns making night and day hideous, and with a great city being reduced to ashes, common folks will call it war. n tt tt Principles Count IN the same way, common folks will call it stealing when a public official gets away with money that does not belong to him, even though the law demands a more technical name, and they will call It lying when a witness does not tell the truth. Common folks still prefer to think in principles, rather than in strained and narrow definition. It enables them to keep some of the simpler virtues in mind. Common folks will not admit that a thief is guiltless because somebody charged him with burglary when the requirements of law demanded that he be charged with larceny. * a tt Ambiguity on Top THE civilized world Is quibbling itself into a vicious state of ambiguity and hypocrisy. ’ It has grown so bloated with definitions and technicalities that it can’t tell what much of anything means. The law, whether as administered by a justice of the peace, or a world court, has become as obscure and incomprehensible to common folks as a witch doctor’s chant, although it was intended to promote their peace and protection. Little is plain to average people nowadays, except red lights and traffic rules.

Questions and Answers

Who was Orion, for whom the constellation was named? He was a mighty hunter, in Greek legend, who was blinded because of his, treatment of Merope, daughter of Oenopion of Chios, and upon the suggestion of an oracle recovered his sight by exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the rising sun. After his sight was restored, he lived as a hunter with Artemis. Upon his death he was placed in the heavens as a constellation. How many women are there in the United States congress? Mrs. Thaddeus Caraway of Arkansas in the senate and Florence Kahn of California, Mary T. Norton of New Jersey, Ruth Bryan Owen of Florida, Ruth Pratt of New York, Edith Norse Rogers of Massachusetts and Effiegene Wingo of Arkansas in the house of representatives. What Is specific gravity? The ratio between the weight of a body and the weight of an equal volume of water. WTiat is a certified check? A bank check which was written or stamped on its fact the word “accepted,” “certified,” “good” or an equivalent, with the signature of the cashier or the paying teller. This certifies that the signature is genuine, that the drawer has sufficient funds in the bank to meet the check and that the bank is bound to pay it. What is an angle less than a right angle called; also, an angle greater than a right angle? Less than a right angle is called an acute angle, but less than a straight angle, is called an obtuse angle. Does the Island of Elba, on which Napoleon was exiled, belong to Italy or France? It is the province of Leghorn, Italy, but when Napoelon was sent there it was under French jurisdiction. How many continents are there? The land of the globe is sometimes divided into two continents, the eastern and western; sometimes into four, America, Africa, Asia and Europe; more commonly into

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Restless Child Needs Doctor’s Care

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvseia. the Health Magazine. HILDREN who are unusually restless constitute a serious problem for their parents. Dr. H. S. Lippman has called them hypertonic infants, because they are overactive, fussy, resness, cry most of the time, vomit considerably ' and have frequent loose actions of the bowel. Various suggestions have been made as to why such a condition develops in an infant, one important one being that the child had at birth some imbalance in its nervous system, and the other that some injury to the nervous system was caused at birth. Dr. Lippman studied sixty-three infants with these symptoms. Restlessness and crying occurred in 82 per cent during the day, and in 51 per cent during the night. In handling these infants it was found to be possible through the |

IT SEEMS TO ME

ALDOUS HUXLEY is my favorite living novelist. His latest book, “Brave New World,” gives me a severe pain. I have no cause to complain, because it is in part provocative. A newspaper columnist has a right to that same line which so often is used against his own craft, “Os course, I don’t always agree with you” But I am not merely out of agreement with Mr. Huxley this time. I am out of patience. He represents in “Brave New World” a point of view which is untenable. By all odds the most sen-

five, Australia being reckoned as a continent; still oftener into six, North and South America being counted separately, and since 1890, the land about the south pole as another, the Antarctic, Australia or seventh continent. Will the moon sometime cause the earth to stop rotating? As the principal 'cause of the tides, the moon has a retarding effect upon the rotation of the earth, due to the braking action of the tides, and eventually in millions of years, this may cause the earth to stop rotating. y $ ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY °7)f DOVER BOMBARDED Feb. 16 ON Feb. 16, 1918, President Wilson issued a proclamation requiring licenses for all exports and imports from and to the United States. In a report to the house on that date, Congressman W. B. Oliver of Alabama reported that 424 war vessels were under construction or contract by the United States, in addition to submarine chasers. Dover, England, was bombarded by a German submarine. One child was killed. British shipping loss during the previous week amounted to twelve ships of more than 1,600 tons each. General Sir Henry Wilson was appointed chief of the British imperial staff.

Daily Thought

Who so sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed.— Genesis 9:6. Every unpunished murderer takes something away from the security of every man’s life.—Daniel Webster.

After All, This Is Leap Year!

prescribing of preparations of atropin, which causes relaxation of the muscles through control by the nerves. Atropin is a powerful and dangerous drug and can be used only on a physician’s prescription. In some instances, however, it was not possible to produce relaxation even with this drug. In these cases it was found that much of the nervousness in the infant was due to the fact that it regularly swallowed air when at the breast. Because of the restlessness of the child it does not nurse automatically but consciously. It is unable to co-ordinate properly and swallows large amounts of air. After nursing, it has distress and vomiting because of the air in the stomach. Many of the emotional difficulties from which children suffer as they grow older seem to be due to the period of restlessness in early infancy. The baby that is fussy 'requires

sitive of fictionists, Aldous Huxley has reported in novel after novel that the life of the modern world is intolerable and tragic. And now he turns in snarling fury toward Utopian dreams and declares that any sort of co-operative commonwealth represents a degradation of the spirit. tt tt u Right to Be Unhappy INTO a fantastic and broadly burlesqued Soviet state, he introduces a savage who rebels against regimentation. The savage is a disciple of Mr. Hoover’s “rugged individualism.” He claims the right to be unhappy, including the right to pain and illness and poverty. This - seems to me a mere literary flourish. Man may quite properly resent being chaperoned and coddled. He may choose to run the risk of death or injury for the sake of a thrill.* Otherwise we would have no bobsled runs. But nobody wants to be poor or diseased. It is silly to talk about such things as# belonging among human liberties. I have heard people speak of the glory of pain, but in most cases they were talking of that emotion as endured by somebody else. It is an experience more glamorous to the obstetrician than the mother. It is undoubtedly true that certain individuals enjoy suffering, but they can be set down as decidedly abnormal, and I would not for a minute permit any such whim to stand in the way of human progress. Naturally I will admit that circumstances may arise where, somebody is called upon to endure suffering for some positive good which may come out of it. I am not dreamer enough to envisage a world in which there are not teeth or their equivalent to be pulled. On? may with dignity suffer for his own good or even for th£ good of others, although the latter sort of behavior is grossly overdone. But pain just for the sake of pain is almost the only sin which I can recognize. tt u n Without Aid of Suffering I HAVE no faith whatsoever in the theory of purification through scourging. It makes me a little sick when I am told that old Mr. Soandso is a beautiful character because he has been wracked with rheumatism for fifty years. If there is no getting away from an agony, one best should face it with all the courage which he can muster, but I can’t say that I ever knew physical discomfort to improve anybody’s character. If old Mr. Soandso can remain affable in spite of torjnent, I 1 ’nk it fair to assume that he might be a very decent citizen and pleasant companion if freed from his misery. I do not propose to stand by his bedside and say, “Isn’t this beautiful?” And if X do,, the invalid is

constant attention. It is picked up, carried about, patted on the back, rocked, fed and changed much more often than if it were a normal infant. The parents become over-solicit-ous and soon develop an abnormal attachment to the child. The child learns of the power that it possesses through exhibition of its nervous performances and learns to produce these frequently. In other instances parents resent a restless, fussy infant, the mother becomes antagonistic to it, and the infant soon appreciates this attitude of the parent. Under the circumstances, it is not well for parents to permit an unusually fussy infant to go without attention. Prompt medical advice will result in the use of measures that will produce a suitable relaxation. Removal of the child from the home to the hospital will give the mother an opportunity for rest and a chance to develop a proper emotional relationship to the child.

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

[ entitled to hit me on the head with ! one or both crutches. Os course, I’ve heafd it said in I pulpits and other places that we j become too soft unless we go ; through ordeals of fire and blood. But I’m all for a soft world. There is not a disaster or an agony which might not be banished for the good of us all. I dislike restraint and compulsion for my own good as much as any man. I’ll have as little truck with curfews and prohibitions as I can. Many of my habits are likely to get pit into trouble and eventual ill health. But that’s a different proposition. One does not take the extra cocktail for the sake of the headache, but for the immediate enjoyment. And all too little is said in favor of immediate enjoyments. A nice problem is presented' in all cases where it is literally impossible to j have your cake and eat it too. I’m for eating it. And I’m even more ! for a society in which no such deI cision is necessary. tt tt u A Brave New World MOST of US as children were taught to go in rather heavily for remorse. I would abolish ; that, along with physical pain, if I had the power. Nor is that quite as impossible as it sounds. In spite of Mr. Huxley’s sneers, there can be a brave new world in which individual satisfactions can be attained without walking all over the toes of our fellows. And to paraphrase a well-known saying, “If you don’t like it here, why not go forward to the land which lies within our reach?” (Copyright 1932. by The Times)

This Is Leap Year *Tis Leap Year as you doubtless know, The calendar has told you so, ’Tis the one year and this alone That ladies call their very own. A leap year party is lots of fun! Here’s where the girls step out and take the leading role! The men can’t escape! Our Washington bureau has ready a complete bulletin on Leap Year Parties—invitations, games, decorations and refreshments —suggestions that will make the party a great success. Send for a copy and plan a party that will be novel, amusing and a great success. Fill out the coupon below. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 169, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin Leap Year Parties, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s roost interesting writers and “are presented without resard to their ji or , disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

_FEB. 16, 1932

SCIENCE ' BY DAVID DIETZ New Machine Built to Weigh Atoms Registers a TriU lionth of a Trillionth of an Ounce. A MACHINE that weigh* two tons itself but is so delicate that it will weigh objects whose weight is less than a trillionth of a trillionth of an ounce has been built by Dr. Kenneth T. Bainbridge of the Bartol Research Foundation in I Swarthmore, Pa. Only atoms are of the order of weight indicated and that is the purpose of the machine—to weigh individual atoms. In fact, the machine is so delicate that some of the heavier atoms, such as the atom of gold, for example, are almost too heavy for the apparatus. The device is known as the massspectograph and there is only one other in the world with the precision possessed by that which Dr. Bainbridge has built. The other machine is that of Sir F. W. Aston of Great Britain, who was recently knighted for the important discoveries which he made with it. • • Completion of the machine by Dr. Bainbridge puts a new’ and powerful tool of utmost importance at the command of American science. The mass-spectrograph might be thought of as a sort of cannon in which the atom which is to be weighed is the projectile. The target is a photographic plate. tt tt tt Magnet Is Used I 'VJ'OST of the weight of the deLtx V i ce is i n a gigantic electromagnet, one of the largest magnets in the United States. It has a special steel frame weighing 3,500 pounds. The winding consists of 3,000 turns of heavy wire, containing 750 pounds of copper. When the current is turned on, the magnet gets so hot that it must be cooled by a water system. The operation of the mass-spectro-graph is as follows; The atoms which are to be weighed are discharged by electrical means in a vacuum tube. They move through the tube and strike the photographic plate. As th*ey pass through the tube, they enter the magnetic field of the the huge magnet described. This magnet has the effect of deflecting the atoms. But the amount of deflection depends upon the weight of the atom. Therefore, the lighter the atom, the more it will be deflected. When the atoms strike the photographic plate, they leave a dark spot upon it. All the experimenter has to do then is to measure the position of the mark, and from it he can calculate the weight of the atom. The mass-spectrograph is particularly valuable in the study of isotopes. It was discovered some years ago that many chemical elements consisted of a variety of atoms. All the atoms behaved exactly alike and so could not be distinguished by ordinary chemical means. But the atoms possessed different weights. These similar atoms of different weights are called isotopes. The mass-spectograph at once separates isotopes easily, the lighter ones striking the photographic plate at one point and the heavier ones at another. tt tt tt Hydrogen Studied DR. BAINBRIDGE Is to describe the mass-spectrograph and the researches planned with it at a meeting this month of the American Physical Society in Cambridge, Mass. It is expected that one of the first problems to be undertaken will be a study of the atom of hydrogen. The hydrogen atom is the lightest atom known. Its nucleus consists of a single positive electron or proton. One negative electron revolves around it. Recently, however, much to the surprise of the scientific world, it was demonstrated that there is an isotope of hydrogen. It Is believed that the isotope has a nucleus which consists of two protons and one electron and that one electron revolves around this nucleus. Now it is particularly important that scientists learn the exact mass of the hydrogen isotope. And, it is believed that the mass-spectrograph possesses the precision which is necessary to ascertain it. According to present theories, the nucleus of the isotope, consisting, as it does, of two protons and one electron, is expected to weigh slightly less than two protons and one electron. This is because of the socallef “packing effect.” On the basis of classical mechanics, there is no reason why packing the protons and electrons Into the small space which they occupy in the nucleus of the atom should cause their weight to change. But on the basis of the newer theories, which include relativity and quantum mechanics, such a loss in weight is to be expected. The measurements with the massspectrograph, therefore, will constitute an important check upon modem theories.