Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 238, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 February 1932 — Page 6

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HUPP J - MOW AMD

Lincoln’s Wisdom Instead of repeating the familiar eulogies, let us on this, his birthday, invoke the wisdom of Abraham Lincoln. How timely are these phrases, uttered seventy years ago: “At what point, then, is the approach of danger? I answer, if it ever reach us, it must spring up amongst us; it can not come from abroad. If destruction be our lot, we ourselves must be its author and finisher. Asa nation of free men, we must live through all time, or die by suicide." “The only way to keep men from agitating grievances is to relieve the grievances. The seed of revolution is repression.” “This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it, or their revolutionary rights to dismember or overthrow it.” “Labor is prior to and independent of capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor and never should have existed if labor had not existed first. Labor is the superior of capital and deserves much higher consideration.” “Our republican robe is soiled and trailed in the dust. Let us repurify it.” “Fondly do we hope—fervently do we pray—that this mighty scourge of war speedily may pass away.” “Let us have faith that right makes might and in that faith let us to the end dare to do our duty as we understand it.” “With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive to finish the work we are in ” . . That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not periA from the earth.” One Quick Cure When the local spellbinders get busy attempting to bring the “hoarders” to the mourners’ bench of repentance and urge those who hold money in safety boxes and tin cups to bring it back to the banks, a very direct attack might be made on the practice through the tax machinery. If those who have withdrawn money from banks in a panic of fear were compelled to pay taxes on their cash, they would find hoarding unprofitable. The banks have lists of those who withdrew large sums of cash. They know the hoarders. Large sums of money are not withdrawn for commercial transactions. These are consummated by checks. So that any banker who finds his customer withdrawing huge sums of money can reasonably believe that it was withdrawn for purposes of “hoarding.’* A list of such withdrawals turned over to the assessor would probably bring back the “slacker dollars,” as they are called by President Hoover, into circulation. Just as it was necessary to conscript youth to make war, it may be necessary to conscript dollars to fight panics. A Better Provision No one would seriously quarrel with the suggestion of Governor Leslie that contracts for state roads be given to Indiana contractors, if the purpose is to keep state money inside the state. Asa matter of fact, building a wall around the state is not likely to accomplish this purpose. Even if contractors from other states, offering to build roads at lower prices than Indiana contractors, obtain the work, they would hire local labor. Labor is too cheap today to make it profitable to transport workers from another state. No matter who gets the contracts, the same men will do the work in the localities where roads are built. The net result of the order will be subsidize some friendly state contractors. There should be one provision in these contracts that would keep money at home and see that the right people get it. This is a minimum wage limit paid to workers. Road contractors, whether they live in Indiana or elsewhere, should not be permitted to capitalize the necessities of workers. The wage paid on state roads should have a very direct relationship to the price paid for the job. They should have an even greater relation to the living standards of the workers. As the matter stands, lack of official demands for wage limits is quite likely to result in contractors paying slave wages to those who really build the roads. They are quite likely to impose peonage conditions upon their employers in order to make more profits. An insistent demand that local workers be hired at decent wages is more important than the habitat of the contractor.

Give the Voters Power Out of the obscure campaign of Joseph I. France of Maryland for the Republican nomination as President has come a timely suggestion. France has discovered, as all candidates for party nomination do, that under the existing system the voters have very little to say about selection of a party candidate, and that a President always may renominate himself, whether his party wants him or not. So France proposes a reform which, as Senator Steiwer said, in offering it for the Congressional Record, “is worthy of the consideration of citizens everywhere in America.” France proposes that each state adopt a constitutional amendment providing direct presidential primaries, at which voters shall express their choice among party candidates; and also providing that delegates sent to the party convention by this election shall vote for a rule declaring that the man receiving the greatest number of votes in the convention shall be nominated for the presidency. At present a candidate must receive a majority of all votes cast in a Republican convention, and two-thirds of all votes cast in a Democratic convention, a requirement which effectively has prevented selection of more delegates by direct primary, since a large body of unpledged delegates had to be present in each convention to assure a majority, or a two-thirds majority, for any one man. "Power of the federal machine to renominate a President or determine his successor would be destroyed," says France. “Presidents and Vice-Presi-dents would become accountable to the popple as a whole, rather than to a few large campaign contributors and a few political manipulators. "The people would select the individuals enjoying the greatest public confidence at the time of the general election/' France's plan could not become effective for years, If ever, yet the condition he seeks to correct certainly needs profound study and decisive action of some lort if we aver are to have representative government.

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos, 214 220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents— delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mall subscription rates In Indiana. 83 a year: outside of Indiana. G 5 cents a month. BOYD GDRLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manaper rHONE—Riley fitol FRIDAY. FEB, 12. 193z7~' Member of United Press. Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Is This True? The United States is preventing effective peace action by the League of Nations in the far east. This, in effect, is the charge made by a reputable American press correspondent from Geneva. He writes: “Geneva is ready to talk, act and risk for peace simultaneously with Washington. The whole question here is as to whether Washington is ready to talk, act and risk for peace simultaneously with the league. . . . “League members . . . feel that the Americans, instead of continually criticising the league for failing to keep peace in, the far east, ought to show an awareness that the league can not act effectively in this region without the United States. . . . “Because effective action thus depends primarily on the United States and Britain, and because Washington, for domestic reasons which all understand, prefers to avoid appearing to work too closely with the league, the Unitea States lately has been tending toward limiting her collaboration to London and ignoring Geneva.” The Scripps-Howard newspapers, during the early months of the Manchurian crisis, attacked the Hoover administration for blocking effective international action, especially in refusing to support the league’s November demands upon Japan. Later, when the obstructionist role was reversed, and the league powers failed to support the American peace action in January, we criticised those powers. We had supposed that now the United States still was taking the initiative and that it was the league powers who still were preventing the United front for peace But, according to Geneva, the roles have been reversed a third time, and the United States again is the culprit. What is the truth of this matter? The answer is vitally important. Every one agrees that the only chance of effective outside pressure on Japan at this late day is through an international united front. Every one agrees also that this united front today is lacking. Why? President Hoover or Secretary of State Stimson should answer. Fliers are planning a round trip from Ireland to America and return. Foreigners used to flock to America, but since the depression they Just want to come over, take one look and fly back. The Austrian archduke who was challenged to four duels was lucky. In America he would have got a couple of black eyes. Cocoa is becoming more popular in Germany than beer. Seems that Germans are becoming cocoa nuts. Chihuahua, Mexico, has boosted business by reducing the divorce process to one day. With that tip, some enterprising American city ought to grant a man a divorce the instant the rolling pin glances off his head. Someone estimated there are 7,000,000 cats in the state of New York. Which probably explains why It’s a wide-awake state. Stimson emphasized there is no connection between debts and reparations. Except that neither can be collected. A congressman says if you don’t have liquor the girl of today will kick you in the pants. But if you do, you’ll get It In the neck. During 1931 a million country folk moved to big cities. Maybe they were seeking a little solitude. A professor says churches can get along with second-rate pastors. For pastors out of work, that’s first rate. Business should take a tip from Jack Dempsey. Although he looked pretty bad several years ago, he’s still convincing people he’s coming back. The main trouble with automobile courtesy week is it’s so much trouble getting back into the old swing the following week. A New York youth was sentenced to fifteen years for stealing an apple. Which just goes to show how much Adam and Eve got away with. New York now owes more than two billion dollars. That’s almost enough to allow her the privilege of saying she can’t pay. Broadway shows are flopping every day. One of thes days Jimmy Walker is coming back to town and start reprisals against midwesterners for staying at home.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

WOMEN all over the land are hot after knowledge. They pursue culture and social graces like hounds after a hare. Vet it seems to me that the thing we need most of all is simple friendliness. We busy ourselves with multitudinous affairs, many of which are of no consequence whatever, but we do not take the time to make contacts with those about us who are lonely and to whom a word of good cheer often would be more welcome than a loaf. The housewife would be better for some sociability with her laundry woman and the girl who takes her grocery order, while the efficient secretary could not be harmed by some knowledge of what goes on in the mind of the janitor’s wife. For it is true, alas, that women are the smug and exclusive sex. Mothers will caution their children not to play with the little vulgarians across the a>.ey, lest they become contaminated with the plebeian ideas. Instead, they often contact with a more vicious disease, snobbery. # * u WHILE we have a flair for good works, our charitable deeds themselves are likely to take a patronizing form. We love to dramatize ourselves. So when we carry baskets to the poor or go slumming, w T e usually visualize ourselves as lovely Lady Bountiful upon whose heads the recipients call down well-de-served blessings. Friendliness is such a rare and yet such a beautiful quality, and so strangely lacking in many types of women. It is easy to give a beggar a handout. But how many of us take the time to talk to him a little, so that we may find out something about the inner man who dwells behind the pleading eyes that have asked us for bread? To be just a little interested In other people’s problems is such a kindly thing. To forget one’s self for a space while one listens to another talk of hla difficulties is an act fraught with grace and beauty, worthy of the finest lady. And surely friendliness is the, hallmark of all truly cultured women.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

What Lincoln Means to Us Is Human Sympathy in the Highest Sens e—a Sympathy That Could Rise Above the Heat of Passion and Conflict. NEW YORK, Feb. 12.—Abraham Lincoln was an anomaly. His career violated about every rule in which we are taught to believe. He was not well born, well educated, or well trained. He never held an executive position of importance before becoming President of the United States. Although the poverty amid which he grew up can be dismissed as unexceptional, no eugenist would have picked his parents to produce a leader. No pedagogue would pick the schools he attended, the companions with which he traveled, or the trades he followed in early manhood as representing the proper background for a man destined to guide this nation through its greatest agony. a a a Greatness Lives BECAUSE of his obvious handicaps, many profess to believe that Lincoln was not a great man. To let them tell it, his pre-emi-nence is largely the by-product of emotionalism. They have the right to hold such an opinion, but it is only an opinion, while Lincoln’s pre-eminence remains a fact. You can count on the fingers of your hand those men who enjoy equal respect not only in America, but throughout the world. Whether this respect rests on an extravagant idealization qf mediocre qualities, or on an instinctive appreciation of deeper virtues, it has become a reality in our traditions. a a a Intensely Human THE name of Lincoln stands for something which we reverence, something which each and every one of us would like to possess, and which would make all of us a little better if we did possess it. That something is above the mere ability to do things. No one ever thinks of Lincoln as a smart man, as a doer, or driver. No one associates him with the heroic, or brutal, side of war. No one remembers him as a canny statesman, or shrewd diplomat. What Lincoln means to us is human sympathy in its highest sense —a sympathy that could survive in the midst so turmoil, that could rise above the heat and passion of conflict, that could fight and be tolerant at the same time. a a a 'Charity for All’ WHAT man besides Lincoln could have delivered the Gettysburg address? Where will you find a parallel for it in all the pages of history? Here was a nation torn by strife and just emerging from an attack that almost proved successful, yet Lincoln said, “With malice toward none, but charity for all.” Doesn’t it make some of our bitter, vitriolic utterances sound very small? Lincoln said little during the Civil war that wouldn’t bear repeating sixty years afterward. Now contrast that with what some of the great leaders said during the World war. a a a Cool, Courageous * T INCOLN had the wonderful JL/ faculty of not losing his head. He simply refused to be swayed by the temper which surrounded him, by the hate which strife engendered as it grew fiercer, by the lust for vengeance and the vanity of success. It has been said that Lincoln would have proved a weakling had he been permitted to live and that his untimely death was really a blessing. That, too, is only an opinion. The one thing we can be sure of is that the man went through four years of war without once forgetting that the people on the other side were much like those on his own, prone to make mistakes and deserving of sympathy. It took some moral courage to do that, some steadfastness of mind, some faith in the -innate goodness of humanity.

Daily Thought

Take him, and look well to him, and do him no harm; but do unto him even as he shall say unto thee.—Jeremiah 39:12. The great soul of this world is just.—Carlyle.

Questions and Answers

How many women in the United States are gainfully employed and what are the principal kinds of work? According to the 1930 census there w'ere 10,778,794 women employed, of whom 3,149,391 were in domestic and personal service; 1,762,795 in professional service; 3,249 in forestry and fishing; 913,978 in agriculture; 10,294 in the extraction of minerals; 2,416,288 in manufacturing and mechanical industries; 447,730 in transportation; 1,716,384 in trade; 123,323 in public service not classified, and 235,364 in industry not specified. Describe the Kentucky Derby. It is famous horse race, run annually at Churchill Downs, Louisville, Ky., and entries are confined to 3-year-olds, and the distance is one and one-quarter miles. The monetary value to the winner is about $50,000. What is the "three-mile limit” in international law? The term applies to the three miles out to sea from the coastal line and territorial waters of a country, which is recognized in international law as being exclusively within the admiralty jurisdiction of that country. It is measured in the case of landlocked bays, not from the sinuosities of the coast, but from that point where the body

' '*****

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Dizziness Warning of Health Danger

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hytreia, the Health Mafeazine. WHENEVER a person previously In good health suddenly becomes dizzy, giddy, or lightheaded, he has developed a symptom that demands serious consideration. We walk erect and undisturbed through what is known as the sense of equilibrium. This sense is made up of a number of senses coming from various places in the human body. In the internal ear there are the semi-circular canals, small rings of bone containing fluid, with solid substances in the fluid, these rings being in different planes or levels. From these rings sensations pass to the brain, indicating whether or not we are standing erect, lying

IT SEEMS TO ME BT H BROUN D

AL SMITH has been praised for the brevity and the frankness of his statement. It could have been shorter. It seems to me that “I would like to run for President” might have covered the ground admirably. There is nothing very irfipbrtant in the reservations “I will not make a pre-convention campaign to * secure the support of delegates.” “After all, nobody expected the ex-Governor to set up a stepladder on the street corners at this early date, and there is nothing on earth to prevent his friends and supporters organizing in his behalf, which they assuredly will do. There is every reason why A1 Smith should enter the fight. Few will deny that he is at least as well qualified as any other candidate in the Democratic party, and the one reason advanced against his coming into the contest seems to me no reason at all, but rather a clarion call for enlistment. I refer to the point of view expressed in a r . editorial in the New York Times. That newspaper praises Smith for his many virtues, then sounds a cry of alarm. a a a Counsel of Extreme Caution “SOMETHING else, however, will come back if he is nominated for the presidency. It is a revival of those religious prejudices which so distressed thoughtful men of 1928. Must those forbidden yet furious passions be roused again? This is a question which many of former Governor Smith’s warmest admirers and stanchest friends will be asking with regret and pain. Not long ago a leading newspaper in the south, after expressing the utmost confidence in Mr. Smith and

of water ceases to have the configuration of a bay. What is the origin and meaning of the expression "solid pudding against empty praise?” It is from Alexander Pope s "Dunciad.” In olden times kings protected poets, artists and musicians, and frequently gave them board and lodging, or a stipend on which to live. When aspiring poets received only praise and needed solid sustenance, an empty stomach made the praise empty. Do both coffee and tea contain caffein? Coffee contains caffein and tea contains tannin. When did Thomas Edison and Charles A. , Lindbergh receive the congressional medal of honor? The medal was presented to Thomas A. Edison by Andrew Mellon on Oct. 20, 1928, and Charles A. Lindbergh received it from President Coolidge March 21 of the same year. What does C. I. F. stand for in the laguage of shipping? Cost, insurance, freight, meaning that goods are delivered at port of entry with those costs paid by the shipper. How is Notre Dame pronounced? No-tr-csia or no-ter dam*.

No Steam!

flat, or falling downward; whether we are moving forward or backward. As an example of the way in which they work, all of us have on occasion felt the sensation that we are still going forward when riding on a train that has stopped. This is due to the brief time required for the fluid in the semi-cir-cular canals to readjust itself to the new situation. Anything that interferes with the mechanism of the semi-circular canals will produce attacks of dizziness. Sometimes these attacks take the form of making the person feel that everything else is moving while he is standing still; sometimes he feels himself moving when he is not. If the body tends to accumulate acid a sense of dizziness is a prominent symptom.

praising him to the skies for his splendid personal qualities, almost went on its knees to beg him not to run for the presidency again with the consequence of making the swprd'of bigotry cleave the southern states asunder once more. The plea is made that the nation should be given twenty or thirty years more to recover before being stretched on that rack once more.” This is a question for which a free America v should have only one answer. Call it religious prejudice if you please. I call it Bishop Cannon, and I say to hell with it! Those who say to A1 Smith that he must stand aside because mean and vicious propaganda will be used against him are visiting the sins of the guilty upon the righteous. They are willing to abdicate the choice of a candidate by delegates in convention assembled and leave the whole matter to James Cannon Jr. If the unterrified Democracy is to fall en its knees and beg whenever a cleric shakes his forefinger it would be better not to designate a party gathering as a convention at all. Just call it the Quadrennial Strawberry Festival of the Methodist Episcopal church, South, and let it go at that. n n No Compromise With Evil IT is a true saying, and an excellent one, that no issue ever is settled until it is settled right. We should not tremble because an opportunity comes once again to fight out the issue of religious bigotry in America. Only the timid will counsel a breathing spell of twenty or thirty years. Such interval gives aid and comfort to the enemy. The Heflins and the Cannons will say, and say with reason: “We taught them a lesson that lime. They do not dare to challenge our authority again.” Nor can the breaking of the solid south be regarded as pure tragedy. The existence of a great section which voted solely by label has tended to corrupt our political machinery. This condition has made every Republican national convention a sort of market day. It has reduced the south itself to political subserviance, since not even the most brilliant leader from that part of the country w-as ever considered eligible as a candidate because of political expediency. Anybody who believes in the potentialities of democratic government must rejoice at the advent of a day when eyty state in the Union becomes a doubtful state. In that direction freedom lies. BUM Chance for a Body Blow BUT knowing the tactics of major political parties as we all do, it must be admitted that no convention is going to be stampeded in favor of something which seems to it both righteous and disastrous. It would be better by far to wage a losing war against bigotry than not to fight at all. But it is pleasant to report that the chance of success in this endeavor was never better. Surely A1 Smith has stood the test of second thought and sober recapitulation better than the men who did the dirty work against him. It is not the proudest feather in Hoover’s cap thatjhc countenanced the Kian campaign for hie election.

Since the eye helps the internal ear and the muscle sense to judge position in space, any disorder affecting the ability of the eye to coordinate with these other senses will result in this symptom. If the sensation of dizziness is transitory, and if it yields promptly to proper hygiene, such as suitable attention to the diet, digestion, the action of the kidneys, and correction of disorders of vision, the person need not feel disturbed. However. repeated dizziness, which may be the result of an insufficient blood supply to the brain, of insufficient action of the heart, of a tumor growing in connection with the semi-circular canals, or of some disturbance in the brain, demands careful scientific study. A spell of dizziness, like a cough, is a danger sign—unless heeded, disaster may ensue.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those f one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without re-ard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

And by now even the solidest of the solid south knows Bishop Cannon for what he is. Bigotry is not done, but it is bruised and bleeding. Now is the time to hang a solid punch on the point of the jaw. During the election of 1928, Republican workers circulated in certain parts of the south a picturo of Al Smith at the opening of the Holland tubes. The voters were gravely informed that this was the beginning of a tunnel leading from the White House to the Vatican. And many who saw the picture went out eagerly to whoop it up for Hoover. They might do so again but, after all, the future of America depends upon manhood suffrage and not moronic.

& T ?J?£ Y $ ‘ WORLD WAR V ANNIVERSARY

LLOYD GEORGE’S REPLY Feb. 12. ON Feb. 12, 1918, Premier Lloyd George of England, speaking before parliament, answered the addresses of Chancellor von Hertling of Germany and Count Czernin of Austria-Hungary. Lloyd George charged Germany with insincerity, and warned that anew war situation had been created by swinging of Teuton reinforcements from the east to the west. King George of England ard_ Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany made j speeches the same day. Speaking from his throne, King George declared that Germany had ignored the allies’ just demands and the war would be ‘‘prosecuted with all the vigor we possess.” Kaiser Wilhelm said that Germany would like to live at peace with its neighbors, but that a victory of German -rms first must be recognized.

The Age of Science This is the scientific age. Civilization as we know it today is the child of science. You can not keep up with modem developments without a knowledge of modem scientific thought. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a packet of eight of its interesting and authoritative bulletins on various phases of science. Here are the titles: 1. Popular Astronomy K. Psychoanalysis Simplified 2. Electricity 6. History of Radio 3. Evolution Pro and Con 7. Seven Modem Wonders 4. Great Inventions 8. Weather and Climate If you want this packet, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed: —CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-22, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the packet of eight bulletins on SCIENCE, and inclose herewith 25 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

_FEB. 12, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

The Human Body Is a Heat Radiator Constantly Striving to Adjust Itself to thq Temperature of Its Surroundings. FpHE human body, like a stove or A a star, is a heat radiator. This interesting phase of human activity is being given intensive study at the Smithsonian institution. Every living creating keeps up a constant interchange of heat waves with its surroundings. Almost half the heat lost by an individual is given off in the form of heat waves. To remain alive, every warmblooded creature must maintain a oenstant relationship between the heat that it radiates and the heat that it receives by radiation from its surroundings. A number of physiological processes are concerned with the adjustment of this relationship. The astrophysical laboratory of the Smithsonian institution, which for many years has been interested particularly in the study of the heat radiation of the sun, has undertaken the study of the heat radiation of the human body. Scientists of the laboratory have found that the well-known radiation formulae which apply to stoves or stars, apply also to the human body. Their studies, it now appears, will have important bearing upon such subjects as the heating of schoolrooms and the arrangement of the seats in the schoolroom. a a a Radiation Varies A REPORT just issued by Dr. L. B. Aldrich of the astrophysical laboratory of the Smithsonian institution points out that from one point of view the arrangement of a schoolroom is a problem in heat. The schoolroom consists of an inclosed space in which dozens of healthy human bodies are exchanging heat with each other, the desks, the walls, the blackboards and the heating appliances. Dr. Aldrich finds that on a cold winter day, when the temperature of a schoolroom wall in direct contact with the chilly air outside might easily be about 10 degrees lower than the air temperature of the room, a child might radiate twice as much heat from the side of its body nearest the wall than from the other side. Thus there would be a 25 per cent increase in the total amount being radiated, and a consequent demand on the body for the production of more heat. “Os even greater importance.” Dr. Aldrich says, “is the condition of the surrounding objects which are at higher than air temperature. “Suppose the mean surface temperature of a clothed subject to be 89 degrees Fahrenheit and the temperature of the surrounding walls be raised to the same figure from about 71 degrees. “Radiation loss from a human subject now would be negligible, the normal balance between heat produced and heat lost would be destroyed, and a condition of discomfort would result until readjustment was made. “In actual schoolroom conditions, a student near an unshielded steam radiator or other artificial heat source is exposed to a temperature much higher than his surface temperature.” a a a Blood Carries Heat “TN classes the student is sur- -• rounded by other students,” Dr. Aldrich continued. “Asa rough example, assume a class placed in rows, with spaces of two feet between students in a row and the same distance between rows. Imagine each student to be cylindrical, one foot in diameter and four feet high. “The four students nearest to a given student would occupy roughly 10 per cent of the space to which a central student is radiating. The amount of space occupied by all the surrounding students would be about 20 per cent of the total space to which the central student is radiating. “If we reduce the space between students to only one foot, the area occupied by the other students increases to about 35 per cent of the whole. For a spacing of three feet it reduces to only 10 per cent. “In other words, when students are spaced one foot apart, the total radiation loss of each is some 35 per cent less than if he were alone in the room. “When the spacing is three feet, the radiation loss is 10 per cent less.” The radiation from a human being, Aldrich found, is almost entirely from the skin and clothing. The heat produced by the food combustion processes, inside the body is transferred to the outer surfaces mainly by the circulation of the blood. Human skin, measurements in the Smithsonian laboratory showed, is an almost perfect non-transmitter of the long wave radiation which is felt as heat. Does the United States own the Canal Zone? The Republic of Panama owns it and the United States government has a perpetual lease on the territory.