Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 237, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 February 1932 — Page 4

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An Historic Vote Friday the house of representatives takes a vote which will be historic. The measure probably will become the twentieth amendment to the Constitution. It is the amendment sponsored so long and valiantly by Senator Norris, for abolition of the lame duck sessions of congress. At present the legislative branch of government, the one designed to give direct expression to the country’s voters, can not do this for two reasons. Congressmen arc elected in November and are denied the right to begin work until thirteen months later. Alter the people of the country have issued their mandate on current questions, holdover legislators, often men who have been repudiated at the polls, control an entire short session of congress. Now there is no way in which the voters can secure a prompt change in the policies of their national government. The second ill which the amendment seeks to correct is the inability of the legislative branch, the people’s branch of the government, to meet and act without consent of the President. Under the Constitution, every second session of congress must adjourn on March 4 and can not reassemble again until the following December unless the President calls it into special session. To ameliorate this condition, the lame duck amendment does away with the date for mandatory adjournment. Finally, the amendment would end the protracted filibuster, the weapon with which opponents of legislation have prevented action until arrival of the fixed adjournment date. It will do away with physical endurance as a test of whether laws shall or shall not be enacted. The measure has been delayed many years by party machines seeking to preserve presidential control of congress. Now that there is definite prospects of its passage, it should be passed in a form that accomplishes all the ends sought. Half-way reforms usually are selfdefeating. Amendments fixing a date for adjournment of congress should be rejected, for, unless they are, the people will not secure the fuller measure of representative government for which they have waited 150 years. Let the Ban Be Permanent America loves to organize. And Washington is the natural shrine. Clubs, lodges, associations and societies beat a constantly widening path to the capital. All the delegates share one supreme ambition. They want to shake the hand of the President—and then go back home and tell about it. . The whole span of national life is represented. From obstetricians to undertakers, they come, thousands strong, reaching the crescendo with the spring, when it’s cherry blossom time in the tidal basin. At last the hand has rebelled. Politely, but firmly, it is announced that receptions of visitors appearing for hand-shaking purposes only is off, during this season of emergency. The ban should be made permanent. The handshaking job is too much. Even if that were all the President had to do it would be too much. But when added to the multitude of necessary work the President has to perform, even in the calmest times, the extra load is killing. If the visiting hands must be shaken, let the nation hire a greeter. Great though* the need for economy be, let that expense be added, rather than ever return to a custom which is nothing less than torture. Pilots* Pay Twenty-one pilots flying passenger planes on regular schedules for Century airlines between St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit and Cleveland have been discharged after threatening to strike because of a drastic pay cut. Century has suspended service until new pilots can be obtained. The pilots claim it is a 40 per cent cut. If it .is, Century pilots in the future will make only about $2,500 a year. The human element—the pilot—still is the most vital and important link in aviation, so long as that situation exists the pilot should be worth more than $2,500. It takes him years to acquire the skill, experience and judgment necessary to fly on the airlines. In the air the lives of human beings depend day after day on him and him alone. If an airline can’t afford to pay its pilots what they are worth to safeguard its patrons and to insure regularity of its schedules, then it should get out of the business. Twenty-one pilots have sacrificed themselves for the continuance of a decent wage in aviation. Every pilot on the airlines of this country will benefit if the fight is won, and suffer if it is lost. Shanghai Dynamite The situation at Shanghai is explosive enough without the threat of the British commander to fire upon Chinese troops if they are driven into the international settlement. If that threat is carried out anything may happen—at best, probably would be a stampede of Chinese soldiers and civilians, resulting in the loss of lives of foreigners as well as natives. China has replied, through a statement from the headquarters of the Nineteenth route army, defenders of the native city, who have held back the invading Japanese for nearly two weeks. The statement properly objects to use by the Japanese troops of part of the neutral international settlement as a base for attack on the native city. It points out that, in withdrawing, the Chinese troops would be under attack from four sides, from the Japanese on three sides and from the British or international settlement troops on the remaining side. The appeal to world opinion and to the foreign powers, which China makes in this statement, is tenable and fair. No time should be lost by the Washington government or the United States commander at Shanghai in disavowing the British ultimatum. If the vacillating powers will not, or can not, make Japan respect the neutrality of the international settlement by ceasing to use it as an offensive military base, their position is virtually that of passive intervention in the war on the side of Japan. If the Chinese troops are forced into the international settlement they should not be fired upon. The most the powers would have a right to do would be to disarm the Chinese troops, as is customary when belligerents enter a neutral zone—a rule which the powers have failed to follow in the case of the Japanese Invaders of that neutral zone. *

The Indianapolis Times (A BCKIPPB-HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates In Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD CORLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551 THURSDAY, FEB. 11. 1932, Member of United Press, Bcrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Stacking a Commission Since congress apparently is unwilling to reduce tariff rates and lead the world out of its state of trade-killing economic warfare, it should at least see that our tariff commission Is manned by publicspirited experts. Two new Hoover appointees, Robert L. O’Brien and I. M. Omburn, are before the senate for confirmation. Neither is particularly fitted, Omburn least of the two. “The issue,” says Senator Costigan, who, as a former tariff commissioner, knows what he’s saying, “is not personal, but public. “It is recognized almost universally that more liberal commerce is of basic importance to the prosperity, peace and happiness of the world. Yet constantly the United States and other nations, through tariff legislation and tariff commissions, are pressing forward in the race toward higher and, in the long run, war-inviting tariff barriers. “There is no way to improve the unhappy situation except by changing our course. There is nothing personal in this reference to the two nominees (O’Brien and Ornburn) except that in my judgment they will not correct the less-than-first-class reputation of the commission for scientific disinterestedness.’’ Ornburn is a Connecticut cigar maker, union official, and high tariff advocate, whose backers are the highly protected manufacturing interests. Better no tariff commission than one manned by Ornburn, lacking the scientific attitude and expert training required. The Issue Won’t Die Those who try to make us believe that water power no longer is an important factor in the national economy and therefore unimportant in government and politics, have reckoned without the 1931 annual report of the United States geological survey, just released in Washington. This report reviews the “almost phenomenal” improvement of steam power-plant equipment during the last ten years, and then points out that, in spite of this, the capacity of water power plants practically has doubled In the same period. It adds: In 1930 an important water power company was looking for sites at which power could be produced at 3 mills a kilowatt hour. An authority on steam power plants recently published estimates which indicated that to produce power at 3 mills a kilowatt hour at a modern steam plant, the plant would have to be operated at a load facto? of 100 per cent, with coal costing less than 90 cents a short ton. Asa 40 per cent load factor represents good practice at public utility power plants at the present time, and as the average cost of coal at power plants is probably not far from $4 a ton, it is evident that water power still is a live issue.” It is indeed, and the more utility companies try to belittle the extent and usefulness of water power in the future, the more carefully we shall look for comparative production costs and whys and wherefores. Now that it’s leap year, women can propose. After the last couple of years, men will be glad to have them propose almost anything. And then, of course, in the years to come the men who accept leap year proposals can always say they were sweet and young and that wordly women talked them into it. army is maintaining recruiting stations, hough in many of them no enlistments are open So the recruiting officers have nothing to do but soldier. Paris diessmakers are using dollar signs for buttons. Which brings up to date the old line, “Button, button, who’s got the button?” Scientists say that certain stars are not as distant as formerly believed, sort of taking off the high hat. * Twenty years ago the automobile had no accessories. Those were the days when a man told a girl they were out of gasoline she had to believe him. The man who said the automobile of twenty years ago had no accessories probably overlooked the back seat driver. The man who wrote "Alice in Wonderland” would have a lot more material today—now that everybody’s in it. If all the gold in the United States were melted into a lump it would fill a box car. But with things as they are, it probably wouldn’t have a silver lining. A specialist says we are worrying over imagainary difficulties. As, for instance, where is our wandering prosperity tonight?

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

NOW and then somebody lets out a faint cheer for the clinging vine woman, who is supposed to be a very knowing and fortunate creature. “She understands men,” they say, “and realizes that nothing appeals to the sturdy male like dependence. “So this delicate mortal tendril goes clothed in fine raiment, though she neither toils nor spins; she is helpless, yet cared for. She is beloved, though she renders no service to another.” And what’s more, she is just about the last word in the human zero. While she may be of some use to prop up masculine egoism, I myself fail to see where she herself has much fun. There are a few of her type still, leftovers from the crinoline days. And what battered, inept, trivial figurines they are! For the clinging vine is a very sad state once she is a bit the "worse for wear. Age withers her, and custom stales her inevitable monotony. nan SHE can’t drive her automobile. She is afraid to stay home alone after dark. Business makes her head ache. She doesn’t know anything about politics. She always lets dear John do her thinking for her. The only thing she seems to have any energy left for is bridge. To that pastime she brings a boundless vitality. And one almost disregards her helplessness when one looks upon her dear John. Poor thing! He seems like a monument of patience, only now and then there can be detected upon his face a puzzled expression as if he were inwardly begging heaven’s mercy. But being a gentleman (for only gentlemen, it seems, fell for these clinging vines) he makes no public moan. Now, this type of being, this much touted feminine featherweight, who drapes herself around some helpless man, does not live; she merely vegetates. She gets nothing out of existence save a little service of hand and lip, a vast discontent, and a vacuum where her mind should have been.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

The Stage Is Being Set for More Lying, Deceit and Hypocrisy by the Kind of Talk Noiv Going on at Geneva. NEW YORK, Feb. 11.—Horror at the destructiveness of modern devices has played a major part in turning people against war. For the first time in history, mortal man is afraid of his power to kill; afraid of the devilish instrumentalities which science has placed at his disposal. This fear is slowly, but steadily crystallizing into an incentive for peace. Realizing our helplessness in the face of such devastating power as twentieth century civilization can mobilize, we are beginning to think of safety through order and protection. Air raids, mustard gas and the possibility of man-made epidemics have done a lot to enlighten us on this point. it tt tt Not Far Enough TAKE the ugliness out of war, and it is right back where it used to be—a sporting proposition, in which the chance for individual glory offsets the risk. That, however, is what the disarmament conference at Geneva seems bent on doing. The thought of a general reduction in military establishments appears to have been supplanted by the idea of eliminating this or that instrument of terror. All the plans and proposals thus far submitted are much stronger in their soothing effect on fear than in their bearing on the amount of money spent for equipment, or the number of men under arms. tt tt tt Futile Reform OBVIOUSLY, we still are trying to civilize war, still trying to surround it with such rules and regulations as will make it a reasonably comfortable game, especially for generals and statesmen. Such an attitude is futile. When men are ready to kill each other, they are ready to lay aside all their refinements and grab the most effective weapon within reach. The world war began with the highest kind of ideals, but how did it end? tt tt tt Rules for Murder AS a Russian delegate once said, “the way to disarm is to disarm.” This effort to cure the evil by abolishing the submarine, bombing plane, poison gas, or any other specified device only represents so much wasted time and talk. We can reduce the armies and navies of the civilized world to the requirements of police power, to what is necessary for the maintenance of order within the respective governments. We can quit talking about imaginary enemies and imaginary conflicts as an excuse for a free for all race in armaments. Above all else, we can cease teaching our children that wars represent the most glorious phase of human progress. What we can not do is make progress by formulating a few inconsequential rules as to the way men shall be murdered. tt tt a / Breeding Deceit THE stage is only being set for more lying, deceit and hypocrisy by the kind of talk now going on at Geneva. As long as war Is visualized as the greatest game on earth, as long as it is considered probable, as long as nations feel they must protect themselves by force, every government will strive to outmatch the others in the deadlines of its military machine, and what it has agreed not to do in public, it will practice in secret. Meanwhile, horror stands forth as one of the greatest deterrents to war, and the more of it there is in prospect, the less inclination there will be to start war.

Questions and Answers

What is the Irish population of the United States? According to the 1930 census for-dgn-born Irish persons from the Irish Free State numbered 744,810 and from northern Ireland 178,832. Native white of foreign or mixed parentage from northern Ireland were 517.167 and 2,341,712 from the Irish Free State. When and by whom was California ceded to the United States? It was ceded by Mexico, under treaty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo, concluded Feb. 2, 1848. WTiat is the shape of an acre of land? It may be any shape so long as it contains 4,840 square yards. What direction is it through the Panama canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific? South-easterly. What is the population of Indianapolis? 364,161. Who is the author of “White Lies?” Charles Reade. Where is “Tin Pan Alley?” This nickname has been applied to the 800 block of Eighth avenue, New York, where many publishers of popular music are grouped. There is anew tin pan alley district in the vicinity of Fifty-seventh street and Broadway. Is the word suite always .pronounced sweet? Yes. What is the distinction between a sanatorium and sanitarium? Sanitarium is sometimes restricted to a place where the location, climate, and external conditions are beneficial to the health. Sanatorium is a corrupt form of sanitarium, but may be used for a place where therapeutic agents are employed for recovery Is one of the Marx brothers actually deaf and dumb, or does he only act that way? He is only acting. How many children did Benjamin Franklin have? Two sons and a daughter.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Cough Is Warning Signal, No Disease

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. A COUGH is a sign that there is some interference with breathing. The interference may be in the throat, due to tickling from mucous; it may be in the lungs, due to obstruction of some of the passages from the lungs into the throat, or it may be some involvement of the nervous system reaching the tissues involved in coughing. Probably most ordinary coughs are due to irritation at the back of the throat, and represent an attempt by the body to throw out the irritating substances. Coughs sometimes are associated with heart disease, when there is a sufficient amount of fluid accumulated in the lungs, because of the inability of the

IT SEEMS TO ME

I HAVE been opposed to censorship for many years, but now am going to recant a little. It would be an excellent thing for the world if every nation had a provision forbidding all members of the army or the navy from making public speeches. And it might be just as well not to let them write books or magazine articles, no matter what the loss to literature. Soldiers and sailors make poor speeches and bad breaks. When an audience seems to be slipping away, every after dinner orator is gravely tempted to throw in something to check the march for the exits. As a rule, he is reminded of a story. A run on the outer door is often stopped in this way. Even though the anecdote begins oy mentioning Pat and Mike, people will wait a little while in the vain hope that it may turn out to be anew one. tt tt tt No Cantors or Jessels BUT public speaking seems to have been neglected at both Annapolis and West Point. At any rate, “the lads at both institutions are turned out in a world of banquets wholly unprepared with any flock of funny stories. The speech-making admiral accordingly is betrayed into a much more dangerous practice than tossing an ancient wheeze to the famished listeners. He instead will seek to startle his audience into attention by announcing that we should Immediately declare war on some neighbor or that some nation or other is just about to attack us. For the sake of national defense, all generals and admirals ought to be interested as soon as war clouds loom and be restrained until the danger has been averted. Or, at the very least, they might be required to have their meals sent to the rooms, wheere no one will be on hand to listen to their muttering. Os course I’m not contending that these men in uniform are peculiarly villainous. They are reasonable humaj| beings, or, to be more precise, i mean thev are about likp the rest of us. Unfortunately, military or naval service is very dull during times of peace. Few warriors have enough to do to occupy their minds. Even the mildest admiral grows a little restless after he has completed the sixth crossword puzzle. He wants to be up and doing. tt tt tt Only Two Vocations AND there are only two things an admiral can do. He can fight sham battles or real ones. And naturally he prefers real ones. When a man has spent the best years of his life preparing himself for a certain profession, he naturally wants to have an opportunity to practice it. A man trained to build bridges could hardly be expected to say, “I hope I never get a chance to build one of these blamed things.” The surgeon may be the kindliest of men, but his eyes light up at the prospect of a difficult and interesting operation. And to indicate that these reflec-

Hara Kiri

'heart to push the fluid around in the circulation. Almost every mother knows ways of relieving a cough. One of the best is to inhale sfeam from water to which a few drops of the compound tincture of benzoin have been added. This merely relieves the tension in the tissues and soothes them; it is not a cure for the basic cause of the cough. Hot drinks produce a similar relaxation of the tissues, and since the cough usually is associated with some infection, it is customary to add the juice of lemon, orange, or grapefruit to help out the alkalinization of the body and to make the flavor of the drink more agreeable. If a cough is associated with the production of a considerable amount of material that is expec-

tions are not inspired by any smug and sanctimonious attitude, I must admit that newspaper psychology is much the same. Asa reporter on space I could not withstand the wish that the fires to which I was sent would turn out to be big ones. And even the most calloused copy reader thrills when it becomes his duty to write a head which is to swing all the way across eight columns. It is only when a normal instinct has been recognized that it can be handled. The duty of a peaceful citizenry is to think up harmless pursuits for admirals lest they stand about the market place inciting conflict. Before prohibition everything was simple enough. Military men could get drunk and hurt nobody at all. Just such a system kept General Grant out of mischief for many years. Contract bridge and other games of chance may also suffice to keep gentlemen in gold lace from screaming for bombinb planes and a navy big enough to lick the whole world. a tt tt Error of Senator Jones A ND here it might be well to point out the fatal error contained in the bill introduced by Senator Jones. The senator would have all members of the military and naval establishment removed from such states as lack enforcement legislation or a disposition to maintain it. Under this dispensation Emporia, Kan., would probably become the great naval base of the United States. Picture to yourself the plight of an admiral exiled among the sunflowers. Lacking any of the more simple methods of release, he would grow as truculent as a retired major general at a banquet of the National Security League. After a week there would be no speaking to him. Out of these dull fastnesses would come wars and the rumors of war. Wililam Allen White, the patron saint of Emporia, has to

Daily Thought

Behold the day, behold, it is come: the morning is gone forth; and the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded.—Ezekiel 7:10. Hope is the ruddy morning of joy. —Richter. What high school in the United States has the largest enrollment? The De Witt Clinton high school in New York, which has an enrollment of approximately 10,000. On what river is the United States Naval academy at Annapolis located? The Severn. When and where was the first mint established in the American colonies? In Massachusetts in 1652. It was closed by royal decree in 1686. What is the title of the theme song in the motion picture, "The Smiling Lieutenant,” and who is the composer? “While Hearts Axe Singing,” by Strauss.

torated, the person certainly demands most careful medical attention. Such material may indicate an infection in the throat or in the lungs with the formation of pus. It may indicate a serious infection of the nose or of the sinuses with the infectious material dropping back into the throat. It may indicate an infection in the throat itself as sometimes occurs with an abscess in the tonsils. A cough, therefore, must be considered not as in itself a disease, but as a warning signal, ringing like a bell, to indicate that danger lurks elsewhere. The detection of that danger, provided the cough does not yield readily to the simple measures that have been suggested, is a problem that will demand the most careful study by a competent physician.

nv HEYWOOD BROUN

take frequent trips to Europe and New York to keep from getting in the mood where he wants to bite somebody. And even so he growls upon occasion. By all means let us keep our generals and our admirals as happy as we can. Llet there be parties, charades, and spelling games. Let them have everything their hearts desire with only two reservations: No speeches and no wars. (Copyright. 1932. bv The Times t

M TODAY >1 IS THE- V> 7 WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

WILSON’S REPLY Feb. 11 ON Feb. 11, 1918, President Wilson replied to the speeches of Chancellor von Hertling of Germany and Count Czernin of Aus-tria-Hungary in an address before congress, setting forth his four requirements for peace. First—Each part of the final settlement must be based upon the essential justice of that particular case and upon such adjustments as are most likely to bring a peace that will be permanent. Second—Peoples and provinces are not to be bartered. Third—Every territorial settlement involved In this war must be made in the interest and for the benefit of the populations concerned. Fourth—All well-defined national aspirations shall be accorded the utmost satisfaction that can be accorded them without introducing new or perpetuating old elements of discord. On this date also the Bolshevik! declared war at an end with the central powers, and Russian troops were ordered demobilized.

Tom Dick or Harry? Whatever your given name may be, it has a meaning, a his- • tory, a derivation from language root. The story of names and their meanings is one of the most interesting subjects of the world. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you one of its most absorbing bulletins on the origins and meanings of First Names—the material dr awn from authoritative sources and carefully checked from authorities on the subject. You will be interested m finding the origin and meaning of your own name, and the names of your families and friends. You can pick out a suitable name for the baby. You can follow up the subject from a suggested bibliography on the subject. Fill out the coupon below and send for this bulletin: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 165, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times: 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, FIRST NAMES, and Inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are nrcsented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

_FEB. 11, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Influence of the Ocean* on Earth's Life Leads to Recent Study of the Seas; Science Certain First Existence Here TLas Under Water. THE surface of our earth, as we all learned in grammar school, Is more water than land. Viewed from another planet, the continents would be islands serin a fluid medium. The astronomers of Mars or Venus—if there were any there—would recognize the oceans as the chief feature of the terrestial scene. Man, because he lives on land—and for the most part away from the edge of the ocean—is apt to forget the importance of the ocean. Yet the ocean is important to man in a variety of ways. Biologists believe that life started in the ocean, that the original ancestors of ail land animals lived in the ocean. Meteorologists are certain that the ocean, and particularly the various currents like the gulf stream, the Japanese current, and the Labrador current, have important effects upon the weather. It may be that long-range weather forecasting will be possible once we know more about the ocean. At La Jolla, near San Diego, stands an important scientific institution devoted to the study of the ocean. It is the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, founded by the late Edward W. Scripps, the founder of the Scripps-Howard newspapers. tt tt tt Movements Vary AT a recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Dr. Thomas Wayland Vaughan, director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, discussed the “oustanding problems of the oceanography of the Pacific.” “Since the physical and chemical properties of sea water and its circulation in the ocean basins determine the conditions of all the processes that take place in the sea. they are the features which demand first attention in considering the problem of the ocean,” Dr. Vaughan said. “Some elements in the marine environment are temperature and salinity of the water, the quantity of the gases and of the substances needed as plant food dissolved in the water, the relatively alkalinity and acidity of the water, and the depth of the penetration of light. “Instability is characteristic of the ocean—there is movement apparently throughout the entire mass of the ocean water. The direction of the movement may be horizontal, upward, downward, or at an angle between the horizontal and the vertical, including spirals. “The maintenance of approximately uniform' conditions within any oceanic realm is due not so much to the prevalence of a state of equilibrium as to continuous change, that is the circulation of the water. “Therefore, in evaluating the problems of oceanography, first rank must be accorded those that are concerned with oceanic circulation.” tt tt it Recent Researches DURING the last six or seven years there has been great stimulation of research on the problems of oceanic circulation, Dr. Vaughan said. “Much of the credit for this stimulation belongs to Alfred Mertz. who contemplated an expedition to the Pacific and organized the ‘Meteor’ expedition to the South Atlantic,” Dr. \aughan continued. “Mertz died in Rio Janiero in August, 1925, but his plans for work have been carried out by the other members of the staff of the ‘lnstitut fur Meereskunde’ of the University of Berlin. “George Wust has published two longitudinal sections of the Atlantic ocean and two for the Pacific, one for the western and the other for the central Pacific, and Lotte Moller has published sections of the Indian ocean. “Besides the compilation mentioned and the attempts of Wust and Moller to interpret the results, there has been much other oceanographic activity, especially In the Pacific. “The work pf the Japanese, the internal fisheries commission in Alaskan waters, and the Scripps institution should be mentioned. “Johannes Schmidt, on the voyage of the Dana around the world, has made important contributions. The greatest role during recent years in adding to knowledge of circulation in the Pacific was played by the Carnegie, which to the regret of all the world was destroyed in Apia harbor in November, 1929, when its commanding officer, Captain J. P. Ault, lost his life. “The results of other important expeditions are not yet available for use. They are those of the Russians in Okhotsk sea and in the northern part of the Sea of Japan, the Netherlands expedition in the East Indies and Sir Douglas Mawson’s expedition in the Antarctic Indian ocean.”