Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 233, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 February 1932 — Page 4

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Two Japans Friends of Japan in the United States have wondered during these dark days what has become of the liberals of Japan. For several weeks no word has been allowed to come out of Japan indicating that there is any popular protest against the insane course of the Tokio government and military dictators. Now it is encouraging to discover that the still powerful Baran Shidehara, deposed as foreign minister by the war lords two months ago, is trying to preserve at least some of his country’s decency. Writing in the Nichi Nichi, one of Japan's largest dailies, Shidehara said Friday: “The deplorable trouble at Shanghai comes at a time when confusion prevails and when a mistake on the part of Japan will jeopardize her national existence. The Shanghai affair complicates the situation by arousing excitement among the powers. If Japan does not act with circumspection, her future will be compromised. . . . “Japan should set aside her face-saving and settle the trouble at Shanghai in concert with the other powers.” It is not necessary to overestimate the importance of the Shidehara appeal. It is true that he dared not sign it, using instead the signature, “a member of the house of peers." It is true that his statement nssumes that Japan is right in her Manchurian conquest, and only wrong in her method in Shanghai. It is true that Shidehara is tarred with the first ten weeks of the Manchurian crime against the peace treaties. But making full allowance for all those factors, It is significant that the large commercial class for which Shidehara speaks dares to challenge the militarists at the peak of war fever. It indicates, apparently, that the large business Interests of the country, embarrassed by the Chinese boycott and threatened with world ostracism, are seeking a graceful means of retreat from the military blunder. If Shidehara and the bankers and merchants are beginning to oppose the militarists, one can imagine what must be going on in the minds of the oppressed Japanese peasants and workers, forced to give their last yen and their sons to this war. When we think of Japan we must try to remember the Japanese masses who are as much the victims of the Japanese war lords as are the Chinese. It is too early to despair of the Japanese people. They may assert themselves. Taking Our Medicine Great Britain’s new tariff bill is in retaliation against our Hoover high tariff law and the general tariff was precipitated by our act. In the commercial field, America is guilty of the same kind of ruthless aggression as Japan in the military field. Indeed, the tariff war we started has been even more expensive and destructive to date than the Japanese adventure. Since Great Britain is our largest customer, the wall she is raising against our trade will injure American business and labor, either directly or indirectly. It is an especially serious development coming on top of similar retaliation by Canada, our largest customer until the tariff war. Wo get the ill effects coming and going. Not only do we lose the foreign trade, but our factories have moved by the hundreds to Canada and England to get under the tariff wall and employ foreign workers. No wonder there is no decrease in our army of 8,500,000 unemployed. President Hoover and congress were warned of this disastrous result in 1930, when they enacted the Hawley-Smoot law over the protest of 1,100 economists, a majority of the press, and leading bankers and industrialists. Perhaps that error can be forgiven, put down to plain petty politics which so frequently afflicts Capitol Hill and the White House. But nothing can excuse President Hoover and congress for failing to repeal the suicidal higher tariff law now. Little was expected of the Republican old guard. But the country had a right to expect the Democrats, after all their verbal ranting against the law, to try to repeal it. The country is watching the Democrats on the tariff. A Cruel Tax Among the revenue-raising proposals now before the house ways and means committee is one that should be rejected with all possible speed. That is the plan for taxing customers of gas and electric utilities. All (he arguments that make a sales tax on bread or other necessities iniquitous apply also to a utilities tax. Gas for cooking is an absolute necessity of life in many parts of this country. To the families near the margin of want, every cent they must spend to cook food is a problem. Light is no less essential. To burden the small electric bill with a federal tax levy would be cruel end unjust. The utility tax is not a proposal for collecting revenues from a business that has withstood the depression better than most of its fellows. It is a tax on families already paying well for services they can not do without. It is a discriminatory tax, not adjusted to the principle of ability to pay, but designed to fall most heavily on the urban poor, who can not cut wood to warm themselves or make candles for light. The revenue problem is a difficult one, but certainly a more satisfactory solution tahn this can be found. The Wizard Returns And so again speaks the great one-time imperial Wizard, now generalissimo of the White Band: “Americans, beware! Poison gas is sweeping over our country! Human reptiles breathing deadly fumes are trying to strangle the nation! Disguised as a political party—Communism—these scorpions are tearing at the vitals of our government, our jobs, our homes, our very lives!” This is the old flavor of the great William Joseph Simmons, founder of the Ku-Klux Klan, he who wrote fiery assaults upon the Catholic, the Jew, the alien, the Negro, and clanged the famed cash register at $lO and more a head. Now he is operating in New York, head of the White Band, claiming 300,000 members. There are traces of the same old Klan spirit in his new ritualism; the more cash you put in, the higher you go into the secrets. In New York, too, is Edward Young Clarke, the promoter who put the fire under the boiler of Klandom and put feathers in the good old tar of racial and religious hatred. He is head of the patriotic anti-graft Esskaye. These stalwarts of the Klan wielded gigantic na-tion-wide forces of hate of man for man, setting hieghbor against neighbor. I s her against son, , / /

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPg-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolia, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana, $3 a year: outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLET. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER, Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley irl SATURDAY. FEB. 6. 1932. Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

mother against daughter, sending a fourth of the male populations of towns, cities and states into rural clearings on dark nights to put on pillow slips and sheets and make monkeys of themselves in droves for the glory of Allah, country and the Nordic race. The curious thing about the new organizations— Simmons’ "White Band,” Clarke’s “Esskaye”—is that the enemies against whom the suspicion, hate, and even fury of millions was incited during the Klan days now are welcomed to the new orders. The joke is on the ardent Klansmen who stood with bated breath in bedsheets in rain and cold in some field, accepting as inspired truth of the antiPapist, anti-Semitic, anti-alien diatribes from the pens of Clarke and Simmons, and went home to argue with their wives or partners, to win them over to the blessed, fire-eating cause. The Cost of Rackets The racket, most revolting of prohibition’s illfavored brood, is also its most expensive child, according to a book by Fred D. Pasley, New York journalist. The book, “Muscling In,” - is published by Ives Washburn. Tribute to the new underworld’s terrorists mounts into the annual billions, he says. New York City pays them $200,000,000 to $600,000,000 a year; Chicago, $200,000,000; Philadelphia, $100,000,000; Detroit, $75,000,000; Los Angeles, $50,000,000; Cleveland and Pittsburgh, $25,000,000 each. These millions, extorted from every sort of business, create a great law-defying aristocracy of crime and wealth. They are sequestered from the tax collector and deprive the government of millions in taxes. Pasley admits that the racket’s father is prohibition. He blames also greedy and cowardly employers, who have hired racketeers to break strikes and destroy their competitors. The law, apparently, Is powerless to cope with these super-gangsters, whose crimes make those of the pirates of history seem petty by comparison. Obviously, we need fearless and honest law enforcement. But first we need honest laws. Such a hypocritical and unpopular law as prohibition gives the gangster his opportunity to corrupt policemen and judges and make them partners to his crime. Always Humane In kind-hearted Nevada you may be divorced and remarried more painlessly than in any other state. You may be executed with equal show of charity. Like all other states, Nevada catches few of its first degree murderers and convicts even fewer. Those that it catches it does not ruthlessly kill with electricity, as do the eastern commonwealths, nor choke with a hempen rope, as do its western neighbors. Instead, Nevada has built a little lethal gas house. Therein the murderers is domiciled and allowed to live in regal, if lonely, luxury for a time. Then, with no more discomfort than it takes to have a tooth extracted, he is sent on his way to eternity. But even this arrangement, it seems, is not perfect. Like all states that kill men legally, Nevada sometimes makes mistakes a: i gasses the wrong man. Recently it disposed of Robert A. White for murdering an Elko merchant. And down in Texas the other day a man asserted that it was his partner, under arrest for a Leadville bank robbery, who did the Elko murder. The late Mr. White, if innocent, doubtless was critical of the Nevada system. His surviving relatives and friends probably will not be comforted by the fact that even if Nevada, sometimes kills the wrong man, it does it humanely. Another Holmes It is more than three weeks since Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes resigned as a member of the United States supreme court. During this period, President Hoover is reported to have been examining with care the qualifications of jurists and lawyers suggested as his successor. We hope Hoover’s study has convinced him—as hundreds of others, Republicans and Democrats, alike, have been convinced —that the man best qualified to succeed Justice Holmes is Chief Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo of the New York state court of appeals. In accepting Justice Holmes’ resignation, Hoover wrote; “No appreciation I could express even feebly would represent the gratitude of the American people for your whole life of wonderful public service.” The selection of Judge Cardozo would be practical evidenoe that this “appreciation” means more than hollow words. From the way business and nations are economizing, it appears they are saving everything but the situation. Now that the presidential movement is on, many a politician would like to go to Washington. But many voters wouldn’t be that specific.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

NOW and then the movies are enlightening; especially the news reels. A short time ago an audience of despondent taxpayers, seeking momentary escape from the burdens of reality, viewed upon the screen the activities of that portion of our army now stationed at Ft. Riley, Kan. This film offered food for thought, as well as entertainment. Beautiful horses, carrying booted and spurred military gentlemen, were put through fancy gaits. The drill was pleasing and exceptionally skillful. Next we had a sight of the lieutenants doing their cross-country stuff. They sped through covert and wood like baroneted Englishmen riding to hounds. Their coursers did high jumps. They skimmed over hedges and fences and ditches and skittered down slippery hillsides. Then they put on a fast gaipe of polo. Thus, the horny-handed laborer could see at first hand how thrilling is the life of a part of our great army of defense. a tt tt THE whole thing was indeed a pretty sight until one remembers that tanks now are used generally in battle maneuvers and that couriers charged with important dispatches, who killed their noble steeds racing to headquarters, went out with the advent of the telephone and wireless. A humble citizen might have been more impressed if he had not recalled that the day of riding blood ap to the bridle bit is definitely over and that the horse, so fa ras usefulness in battle is concerned, is as extinct as the cutless. In this day of airplanes it is as senseless to train army horses to high jumping as it would be to train bird dogs to carry help to the wounded. Why not cut expenses by “grounding” some of our horse majors? True, the caparisoned steed lent* glamor to the military man, but when we ponder tiAt the taxpayer Is putting up for the oats, we feel that we could get along with fewer cavalry colonels.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M: E. Tracy Says:

Hoarding Can Be Traced Directly to Lack of Faith, Which Means That It Will Continue Until Faith Is Restored. NEW YORK, Feb. 5. T T AVE you heard any one publicly ! disagree with the President s statement on hoarding? Os course, you haven’t. But how about it in private conversation? Reminds you of prohibtion—lots of people saying one thing and doing another. One billion three hundred million dollars, if not more, quietly withdrawn from circulation and tucked away somewhere—do you suppose such a thing could happen without hundreds of thousands of people having the same idea and acting on it? Os course, it’s bad. but merely saying so wont stop it. tt u tt Confidence Shaken HOARDING is not due to a childish impulse. You couldn’t locate one billion three hundred million dollars in this, or any other country, without finding any number of practical, hard-headed folks. We are up against something more than a spasm or fright. This wholesale withdrawal of money evidences real concern, and the concern goes back to some very raw mismanagement of finances. People have lost confidence because they have lost money through no fault of their own, because they have been led into making investments by those supposed to know which have turned out badly, because they have seen one bank after another go down, not as a result of the slump in business, but as a consequence of unwise and unnecessary speculation. tt tt tt Faith the Cure HOARDING will cease when the cause for it has been removed, and not before. Like so many other present-day ills, it can be traced directly to lack of faith, which means that it will continue until faith is resored. Restoring faith sounds like a very academic proposition, but it is not. Faith was hurt by practices and enterprises which touched people right down where they live; it will have to be rehabilitated the same way. an Lax Regulation TO a large extent, the problem of restoring popular confidence in banks is one for bankers to solve, but the federal government and the states can help. The states can help by adopting more rigid regulations for the inspection and supervision of banks. The federal government can help by stopping the haphazard, unrestricted sale of foreign securities. While these two items do not cover the field by any means, they would contribute a great* deal to make depositors and investors feel safer. tt tt n Deflated Supermen IT would be unfair to blame all our financial difficulties on the bankers. They were caught off guard like the rest of us, but largely because they took too many tips from a few big boys, set too much store by the call market and fell for the notion that certain great houses could not possibly go wrong. Indeed, the most remarkable phase of this whole business is the deflation of some of our supposed super-men, some of the industrial and commercial wizards whom we had clothed with God-like attributes, but who have turned out to be common clay. They were as badly fooled by “prosperity” as the common herd, and when it collapsed, they weren’t any wiser as to what should be done. tt tt tt Leadership at Fault BECAUSE we got into the mess by following bad leadership, we are yelling for good leadership to pull us out. What we have overlooked all along is the fact that, whether times are good or bad, much of the leadership must come from the bottom, from among the plain people. Whenever we get to a point where we permit a few to do our thinking for us, we are headed for trouble, because they wlh take advantage of the privilege. That’s human nature.

Questions and Answers

What nationality is Jessica Dragonette, the radio singer, and what is her age and past history? * She comes from French and Italian parentage, and was born in Calcutta, India. At the age of 6 she was brought to the United States, and was educated at a convent school in New Jersey. She sang a solo part in Max Reinhardt’s production of “The Miracle” in New York about five years ago and later played Kathie in “The Student Prince,” and in 1926 she was the ingenue in “The Grand Street Follies.” She is about 24 years old and is not a member of any opera company. What is metaphysics? In current usage it is the systematic study or science of the first principle of being and knowledge; the reasoned doctrine of the essential nature and fundamental relations of all that is real; it is a part of the general study of philosophy in the nature of life or being. What was the score of the ArmyNavy football game played for charity at the Yankee stadium in December. 1930? Army defeated Navy by 6 to 0. On which finger should an engagement ring be worn? On the third finger of the left hand.

Daily Thought

A wise man is strong; yea, a man of knowledge increaseth strength.—Proverbs 24:5. Wisdom is to the sonl what health is to the body.—La Rochefoucauld.

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Back Injuries Require Prompt Rest

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyceia, the Health Magazine. 'T'HE spine is made up of a large number of joints. As long as these joints are used within normal range of motion there is no strain. When motion is forced beyond the extreme of normal range, a strain may occur. The muscles or ligaments compensate for overstrain. If they did not, all of the joints of the body would constantly be in trouble. When the body is being handled properly, from a mechanical point of view, the weight of the body in a standing or sitting position is carried on the bodies of the bones of the spine, with the tissues that

IT SEEMS TO ME

BROADWAY columnists reveal the fact that a state of warfare exists between Walter Winchell and Earl Carroll. I never have known a conflict in which it was easier to be neutral. In shifting from the trivial to the tragic, the situation in the east demands, I think, a cooler sort of judgment than Washington is exercising at the moment. I am prepared to believe that everybody in power is anxious to avert any participation on our part in hostilities. Indeed, I think there is no present need to fly into a panic about the possibility of our being involved. Mass sentiment in America seems solidly for peace. The country shows as yet no tendency to be stampeded. St tt tt Lives at Flome and Abroad BUT it would be folly to relax in the matter of taking all proper emotional precautions. The greatest threat lies in that very dangerous theory that Americans in foreign countries are entitled to the armed protection of our forces. Naturally I am not eager to see the lives of any of our countrymen needlessly endangered, but I would not have them guarded by measures which might threaten millions. The protection of our people in Shanghai should remain a secondary consideration, giving precedence to the protection of peace itself. Speaking of the western powers, Walter Lippmann writes that they “must send ships and troops to Shanghai not to threaten Japan, but to guard and, if necessary, remove the large colony of foreigners who are there and in the interior cities.” Nevertheless the assembling of any considerable fleet must carry with it the suggestion of threat, even though our intentions may be the best in the world. The Japanese are likely to be a little skeptical of our undivided desire to transport our nationals to places of safety by means of a flock of destroyers. An unarmed passenger ship might seem logically the better sort of vessel for transport duty. Fast fighting ships are practically useless for such purposes. tt tt tt Making Copy for Cables NOR is the safety of peace increased by any martial display upon our part. Rather it serves as inspiration for Floyd Gibbons to write as he did: “Believe me, boys and girls, you don’t know how helpful it is to know that three more American destroyers are out there in the Yangtze with their guns uncovered and that the Asiatic fleet is full-drafting it up the China sea, with the good old Thirty-first army regiment on the Chaumont and a gang of 500 leathernecks with them.” But when Floyd Gibbons says “helpful - ’ he fails to specify “helpful to whom.” Having been a close friend of Gibbons for years, I think I know what he means. I venture the guess that he means that this show of force heightens the tension, increases the excitement, and serves to build up the story. But with the warmest personal feelings in the world for Floyd, I am heartily opposed to having Washington co-operate in an effort to furnish him with copy. There are many more convincing symbols of peaceful intent than destroyers “with their guns uncovered.” In fact, it does not seem to me that the half-way. house into which

The Big One Gets Away Again

are between the bones acting as shock absorbers. The bones of the spine and the disks are fitted together in such a way that certain points act as stabilizers. These are not built to support the whole weight of the body. They help to keep it in proper position. If through bad posture or wrong mechanical construction the weight of the body is thrown backward or forward, pressures pre brought to bear on parts of the bones and on the soft tissues that are not built to stand such pressure, with resulting inflammation, pain, even a severe acute injury associated with backache. Whenever an injury takes place, fluid pours out and swelling follows. Then comes pressure from

Washington has scurried is a very satisfactory mansion for any shade of opinion. A pacifist may well say that our little fleet of fighters anchored off the bund is too big for safety. And, on the other hand, stanch defenders of big stick policies may argue with logic that we have sent too small a force to be of any practical use in the event of actual hostilities. Destroyers are the gnats of the navy. And there is no tenable point of view which maintains that the acute situation in the east may be solved by a stinging readiness on our part. tt tt a A One Law Dictator SOME little time ago I was supposed to write an article in a series on “What I Would Do If I Were Dictator.” I didn’t write it, because my article would merely have consisted of a single sentence, “I would immediately resign.” Yet in the last few days I have decided on one reservation. I would

People s Voice

Editor Times The American i Legion either is camaflouging or \ seeking publicity in its advocacy of I the reduction of interest rates on ! World war adjusted compensation | certificates. It most certainly is not I representing the need or the desire : of the rank and file of the ex-service 1 men. What the veterans want is a settlement now in cash on these certi- j ficates and not a reduced rate of interest, with the certificate maturing in 1945. The ex-service men are interested in furnishing food, shelter and clothing for their families now. Their services were rendered on demand, not twenty years from the date of enlistment. Possibly a third of them will not be here in 1945 and the only thing the government can do at that distant date will be to furnish the customary headstone. Why do the leaders of the American Legion insist on following a policy contrary to the mandate of their membership, in no way representative of the ex-service men. Twenty-two delegations of the legion were instructed by their state organizations to vote for the immediate cash payment of all adjusted compensation certificates at their last national encampment in Detroit. Politics and personal ambition practiced by their national officers defeated this direct mandate. Now these same officials would beclolid the issue with a lot of talk about reduced interest rates. Silence would be welcome as far as the national officers of the legion are concerned, especially at a time when the Veterans of Foreign Wars are fighting with every ounce of strength they have for the passage in congress of a bill that will give the nations’ defenders what rightfully is theirs, the cash on these graveyard bonus certificates. ARTHUR G. GRESHAM. Is there anv truth to the report that the Lindbergh baby is deaf and dumb? It is not true. For whom was America named? For the Italian explorer, Amerigo yespucci.

the swelling on the nerves or blood vessels, and the pain may be severe. Since a sufficient amount of swelling to cause pain may not develop for some hours after the injury, painful symptoms sometimes do not occur for as long as twfentyfour hours. The treatment of any strain or sprain involves first of all complete rest until the inflammation has quieted down, then the patient must be properly strapped to prevent further injury. The strapping is done to keep the patient from getting into a position which will cause further strain. If the original swelling and pain are not so great as to demand immediate rest, the strapping may be done immediately and the individual may proceed with his work.

„ v HEYWOOD BROUN

like to have sufficient power to promulgate and enforce a single ordinance. It would merely stipulate that big headlines may never be used by newspapers except in time of peace. In certain quarters it is said that the outbreak in China puts an end to all movements for international co-operation and world peace. I don’t see why. Insufficient co-operation was the very thing which brought about the present crisis, and I fail to see how any person can read accounts of the bombing of defenseless men, women, and children without dedicating himself all over again to the task of lidding mankind of these horrors and brutalities. (Convright. 1932. bv The Timesi

* today 39 ' WORLD WAR \ adversary

AIR RAIDS IN ITALY February 6

ON Feb. 6, 1918, four Italian cities Calliano, Bassano, Treviso and Mestre —were raided by enemy airplanes. In reprisal, an Italian aviator dropped a ton of bombs on the hostile aviation grounds at Motto di Livenza. A report was made the next day that since Jan. 26, 1918—a matter of thirteen days—fifty-six Teuton planes had been brought down by allied airmen on the Italian front. The American freighter, Alamance, was sunk off the English coast by a submarine. Six lives were lost. The Aurania. sister ship to the Cunard liner Andanis, which was torpedoed and sunk off the Ulster coast on Jan. 27, was attacked by a submarine, but remained afloat. General Mackensen sent an ultimatum to the Rumania government.

Tom Dick or Harry? Whatever your given name may be, it has a meaning, a history, a derivation from language root. The story of names and their meanings is one of the most interesting subjects of the world. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you one of its most absorbing bulletins on the origins and meanings of First Names—the material dr awn fiom authoritative sources and carefully checked from authorities on the subject. You will be interested in finding the origin and meaning of your own name, and the names of your families and friends. You can pick out a suitable name lor the baby. You can follow up the subject from a suggested bibliography on the subject. Fill out the coupon below and send for this bulletin": CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 165, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times: 1322 New York avenue, Wasnington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, FIRST NAMES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed 111 this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are n>csented without reeard to their agreement or disarreerr.eut with the editorial attitude of this oancr.—The Editor.

FEB. 6, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Book by Seven Psychologists Aid to Layman in Comprehension of Difficult Subjeet; Tells Achievements of Science. PSYCHOLOGY is a much-dis-cussed subject, so much discussed, in fact, that the average layman is a bit confused as to just what it is and just, what it bas accomplished. This has been inevitable since psychology has split into so many fields. There is the savant who regards psychology as a gateway to the secrets of philosophy; there is the research worker who regards psychology as a branch of physiology; .here is the educational psychologist, the industrial psychologist. And unfortunately there is the fringe of self-styled psychologists, running all the way from wellmeaning but deluded souls, down to positive quacks who fill lecture halls with anxious individuals eager to learn the secrets of health, happiness, success and wealth. The intelligent layman therefore will welcome the publication of ‘ Psychology at Work,” edited by Paul S. Achilles. tThe book is published by Whittlesey House at $2.50.) In it, seven psychologists, each a member of the faculty of a leading American university, present an appraisal of the more significant achievements and aims of psychology in a different field. Each author, of course, has written about the particular field in which he is an authority. tt tt tt Range of Subjects THE seven authors of “Psychology at Work” and the subjects which they discuss are as follows: Dr. Lois Hayden Meek, director, Child Development institute, Teachers college, Columbia university: "Psychology and the Prc-School Cl}ild.” Dr. Arnold Gesell, director, Clinic of Child Development, Yale university: “The Study and Guidance of Infant Behavior." Dr. Arthur I. Gates, professor of educational psychology, Teachers’ college, Columbia university; "Psychology and Education. - ’ Dr. Mark A. May, professor of educational psychology and executive secretary, institute of human relations, Yale university: “The Foundations of Personality.” Dr. Walter R. Miles, professor of experimental psychology, Stanford university: “Psychology and the Professions, Medicine, Law and Theology." Dr. Morris S. Viteles, assistant professor of psychology, University of Pennsylvania: “Psychology and Industry.” Dr. Floyd H. Allport, professor of social and political psychology, school of citizenship and public affairs, Syracuse university: "Psychology in Relation to Social and Political Problems.” The book also contains a foreword written by Dr. Robert S. Wood • worth, professor of psychology, Columbia university. The book grew out of a series of lectures on “Psychology and Its Useful Applications,” which was arranged by the Psychological Corporation of New York, and given under its auspices during the winter of 1931. tt tt tt Adult Education IN the chapter devoted to “Psychology and Education,” Dr. Gates discusses, among other things, the subject of adult education. He points out that psychology has demonstrated that the old notion that one was too old to learn after 30 was a great mistake. According to Professor Gates “the decade of maximum learning capacities in all those tasks which require intellectual facility and retentiveness is from 20 to 30. The period from 30 to 40,” he declares, “is superior to the 10 to 20 decade, and the span from 40 to 50 is only slightly inferior to that from 30 to 40. “There is evidence,” Professor Gates continues, "that many school subjects, such as history, sicence, philosophy, economics, literature, and others may, in considerable measure, be learned more effectively after 35 than before. There are doubtless many vocational activities, now denied to adults over 40, which may be learned as well and as rapidly after 35 as before. “The more carefully psychologists and educators study the relations of competence to age, the more certain they become that the growing tendency to refuse employment indiscriminately to older men is an unwise and preventable tragedy. If the future brings as radical changes in industrial life as the past fifty years have brought, we should have agencies for vocational selection, guidance, and re-educa-tion in recognition of the entire feasibility of learning anew vocation at intervals of ten years, more Dr less, as conditions demand.” Has the ratio of males to females increased in the United States? In 1920 there were 53,900,431 males and 51,810,189 females, and in 1930 there were 62,137,080 males and 60,637.966 females. The ratio of females to male has increased.