Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 232, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 February 1932 — Page 6

PAGE 6

It* / !>P J - M OW AMD

Off the Hooks How co-operative credit is saving members of the fire department from the clutches of the loan shark and the 42 per centers was revealed at the annual meeting of the Indiana League of Credit Unions held in this city Thursday evening. Credit unions, operating under the state banking commission, are voluntary associations of persons who lend their own money to themselves. They were formed as a means of giving credit in small sums to their members and to fight the injustice and hardships that have come from the exaction of huge interest charges to those who need money most. In this state there are 150 of these associations and their members annually lend many thousands. of dollars to themselves. Less than a year ago one of these associations was formed in the city fire department. Up to that time many of the city employes were in the hands of the loan sharks. A large portion of their pay envelopes went for interest charges. “The boys are getting off the hooks,” was the dramatic report of the representative of the firemen at the annual gathering. That means something, not only to the firemen but to the entire city in terms of better service. Men who are worried by the everlasting shadow of debt can not give the best service, whether the:* be public employes or engaged in private industry. Last year the concerns which find rich profit in charging the legal rate of 42 per cent a year for loans under S3OO killed measures before the legislature which would have limited usury to more reasonable greed. That business is well fortified and well organized. It has power in high places. It is respectable because it is legal. The credit union movement, spreading in many states, may be the answer. It meets the urgent need which has been capitalized by those who charge high rates. It does something else. It is part of a cooperative movement. If your lodge, your business, your church, or any other group finds the problem of debt for its members too pressing, you may be interested in what these credit unions are doing. Propaganda in Schools When college presidents and professors demand, as they just have done, that the war department henceforth limit its educational activities to things -rtaining strictly to military life, they are tackling i job that should have been done long ago. For several years the war department has taken m itself the task of instructing young men students in high schools, colleges and citizens training camps in economics, history, peace, government, and duties of a citizen. Its textbook is the war department training nanual, which requires the boys to recite that government ownership, Socialism, the initiative, recall and referendum, Communism, pacifism and democracy are all horrors to be fought wherever they raise their head, and that all virtue resides in the status quo, the utility companies and preparedness. This, for instance, is the sort of “education ’ which •he war department offers: “The United States is a republic, not a democracy democracy is a government of the masses . . . results in mobocracy . . . the attitude toward property is Communistic . . . the attitude toward law is that the will of the majority shall regulate, whether, it is based upon deliberation or governed by passion, prejudice, and impulse . . . results in demagogism, license, agitation, discontent, anarchy. A republic, it continues, means “respect for laws and individual rights and a sensible economic procedure .. . statesmanship, liberty, reason, justice, contentment, progress . . . under the representative form of government there is no place for direct action. The people are permitted to do only two things: They may vole every four years for the executive and once in two years for members of the legislative body.” The manual teaches that “there is no class domination in America.” Regarding working men, it says: “A surfeit of food, clothes, comfortable homes and much time for idleness easily can become the first step to the overthrow of civilization.” It praises modern methods of industry, which “discipline the lazy, wasteful, disloyal workman.” Through some 150 pages, this gospel is taught to the young. “Without passing upon the merits of any particular theory of national defense or ‘citizenship,’ we want to reiterate the importance of keeping the sdhools free of such definitely propaganda and partisan influences,” say the educators, in a petition just sent to the military appropriations committee of the house. “We believe that this policy is not in accord with the best American traditions or with the best interests of education.” This is a sentiment which millions of Americans will echo. It. may never be possible to keep propaganda completely out of education, but at least the federal government can refrain from warping the growing mind. Too Many Counties Professor Thomas H. Reed, director of political science at the University of Michigan, puts his finger on one of the chief causes of the high cost of government when he points to the baffling multiplicitj of small governmental units in America, such as districts, townships and counties. Some 100 years or more ago, the school district and its "little red schoolhouse” were the centers of culture and democracy, and the county was a sizable unit of government. Today good roads and the automobile have changed that. In the old days, a county had to be only about 500 square miles in size to allow the farmer to drive to and from the county seat in a day; now it could be 2,000 square miles, or forty by fifty miles, by the same time measurement. Smaller units have become almost obsolete. Reed finds that “there are far more counties than can be administered efficiently.” In New York, in spite of recommendations to consolidate made by Governors Smith and Roosevelt, there are 13,544 units of government, "most of them worse than unnecessary.” There is a school district for every twenty farms, many with only a handful of pupils. In Michigan there are 8,230 units supporting 42.902 officers, which Reed calls “a vast army of tax wasters and a veritable battalion of death in resisting local government reform.” In North Carolina 25 per cent of the counties have less than $10,000,000 in assessed valuation, the minimum necessary to maintain the simplest county government. In Tennessee it is 61 per cent: in Minnesota. 37 per cent. “The remedy,” says Reed, “is to stop giving artificial respiration to rural units smaller than the

The Indianapolis Times CA gCKII’rs-HOWAKI) NEWSPAPER) Ownml anti published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. Mail subscrip, tion rates in Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY, ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER, Editor President Business Manager PHONE —RUey WM FRIDAY, FEB. 5. 1932. Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

county; to reorder county boundaries to correspond with the real communities which modern means of transportation have bound together; and to reform county government along the lines which have given some decency and efficacy to municipal government.” This latter, we take it, means county managers. Private industry, even farming, is incorporating into larger units to conform to modem time and space. Why should not the public’s business reorganize itself to fit these conditions? Now. with the taxpayer groaning under his load of government expenses, w r ould be a good time to ease his burden. Overdone Bills looking to elimination of high-pressure advertising talks with which virtually all our radio programs are interspersed have been introduced in senate and house. One would limit all advertising to the sentence, “This program is sponsored by such and such company.” The other, not aiming at such a sweeping reform, merely would keep Sunday programs free from commercial talks. The hearing on these bills will be heated. Owners cf radio stations and advertisers will oppose them with all their strength, which is considerable. We will be told that our programs are infinitely better than those in Great Britain, where there is no upkeep of radio by advertising. We will be threatened with “radio tax” if advertisers are not allowed to din into our ears the merits of their wares. But—we hope the long-suffering radio public will be represented somewhere, somehow. Surely some compromise can be worked out which will give the listener a measure of relief. To clutter the air with commercial talks is fully as reprehensible as to allow the scenery of our roadways to be defaced with horrible billboards. Restraint in radio advertising probably would benefit the advertiser as much as the listener. One of the cleverest hotel advertisements in the national capital long has been a searchlight at night, illuminating the beauty of the Washington monument. Invariably the visitor asks, "Where is it coming from?” and the unwitting host, replying, always names the hotel. Postal Savings vs. Hoarding Congress can help the Hoover anti-hoarding campaign. Uncle Sam’s postal savings system has become a favorite bank in these hard times. And it can become an even more important and helpful one if congress will permit the deposit limit to be increased. Banking difficulties have sent' people everywhere to postoffices to deposit their savings, for people have no fear of turning their money over to the federal government for safe keeping. Effort is being made to permit a person, now limited to $2,500, to deposit as much as $5,000 or •fIO.OOO in his postal savings account. This would be a splendid plan, for more than one reason. It is calculated to draw more hoarded money out into the open, and to help banks generally. For the law provides that postal savings funds lent to banks shall go to banks in the same community from which the funds have been received. Raising the limit would not injure the present savings systems of individual banks, for the government pays less interest than do the private financial houses. Postals savings competes only with hoarding; and hoarding, all will agree, needs a very aggressive and powerful competitor now. Running for mayor of Seattle, a candidate has for his slogan, “Make Seattle famous if we have to put hula hula skirts on the cops.” Well, maybe that would be one way to make them show a little movement. One weather man says weather is not getting milder, we’re just unaware of the cold. Apparently the result of being left out in it by the depression. India isn’t the only country that has untouchables. Chronic borrowers say we’ve had millions of them since the stock crash. Warships from three nations responded to the revolt in San Salvador. Well, first come, first served. Universities are beginning to retrench. Henceforth college youths will have to be well disciplined dough boys. Now that depression is gripping the world, the economist has come into his own. Trouble is, he doesn’t know how long he’ll have it.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

TO my way of thinking, the greatest religious error of modern times was made when the Protestant churches insisted that the cause of prohibition was the cause of God. One may argue that the eighteenth amendment is an excellent act, but to link it up in importance with the Ten Commandments is to overstep the mark a bit. It should be possible to discuss prohibition with sanity and leave God entirely out of the question. The churches have not been able to do this. They have made the dry cause a religious cause, and by so doing have hopelessly divided their ranks and weakened their spiritual authority. In may localities the good people are so hot upon the heels of the demon rum that they almost believe man has no other vice save that of drinking. They have crusaded so vigorously against liquor that such evils as greediness, vainglory, lying, public graft and the preying of strong men upon the weak have escaped their notice. a a a I KNOW that a great many good women believe sincerely that God marches in every dry parade. For them prohibition has become the first and most important moral law, a veritable tablet of stone handed down by the saintly Frances E. Willard and interpreted, alas, by our Billy Sundays and our Bishop Cannons. For their denominational authorities to permit them to cherish this delusion not only harms their cause, but undermines the very foundation of the church. Gradually, tragically, organized religion is losing its influence over the young. Youth has sharp ey and nimble wits, and today’s generation has witnessed the disaster that prohibition has wrought among us. East, west, north, south, our land seethes with the viciousness bred of our inability to enforce this law they call sacred Legitimate business fails and honest men go bankrupt while thuggery flourishes and rogues grow rich. With every rural community alive with stills, can the honest religious leader continue to uphold the idea that Divinity and Mr. Volstead are one? Is it not time for the church to abandon the Anti-Saloon League and go back to God and his commandments? r

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

The Shanghai Situation Is Such That a Misguided Corporal Could Set the World by the Ears as a Misguided Student Did 18 Years Ago. NEW YORK, Feb. s.—Though moves for peace in the Orient have not failed, they have met with such opposition on Japan’s part as to make success very doubtful. Japan has refused to accept two of the five points suggested. She will not permit the Manchurian situation to be investigated, or arbitrated by outside parties, and she will not agree to cease mobilizing. Japanese spokesmen contend that the Manchurian situation is something for their government and China to adjust, and that it has no connection with the battle now raging at Shanghai. Whether they have convinced themselves that the latter proposition is true, they will find it hard to convince tljp rest of the world. tt tt tt Strange ‘Protection’ ACCORDING to Premier Inukai, the Japanese are attacking Shanghai in proof of their right to defend it, or at least, certain portions of it. According to Japanese delegates attending the disarmament conference and League of Nations council, the Chinese started trouble it Shanghai. All this sounds very strange, considering where Shanghai is and to whom it belongs. There certainly was no bombing, burning and blockading until the Japanese landed. They claim that their sole object in landing was to protect the person and property of their nationals, but they seem to have been far more interested in destroying those of Chinamen. tt B B Where Is France? BE that as it may, Japan appears to have made some progress in convincing her league and conference associates now gathered at Geneva that the Manchurian and Shanghai situations should be treated separately. Some attribute this to French influence. Some, indeed, go so far as to assert that France has a secret understanding with Japan. The charge was made openly by radical members in the French chamber of deputies Thursday. b b b A Tinder Box SUCH a complicated state of affairs leaves but one thing clear, and that is the possibility of war. As long as bombs and bullets continue to fall on Shanghai, as long as men and ships of various nations continue to gather there, and as long as efforts for peace prove unavailing, people throughout the civilized world will be troubled by the thought that war can occur. And it can, even though no one in a responsible position wants such a thing. Shanghai is a tinder box likely to be set off by any spark. The situation is such that a misguided corporal could set the world by the ears, just as a misguided student did eighteen years ago. b b War Fatal to Nippon IF Japan has any sense, she is more anxious to avoid such an unhappy occurrence than any other nation, for it would mean her extinction as a rising power. Japan is an island empire. She can not go anywhere, or get back, except by water. She can not export or import a single item of trade, except by water. She absolutey is dependent on ships. Let her ships be kept from the seas ! and she is undone. Remembering what havoc Ger- j many was able to create with her ! comparatively small fleet, who doubts what England and the United States would be able to do to Japan with their combined navies. Why, they could annihilate her, without ever landing so much as a single soldier," or marine anywhere, could seize or sink her entire merchant marine and immobilize her battle fleet by sending it to the bottom, or driving it to cover. They could make it impossible for her to ship a pound of silk, or get a bale of cotton. Japan has enjoyed a rapid rise in the world, not only in the field of material achievement, but in the esteem of other people. She can destroy it all by a single false step.

M TODAY joa IS THE- Vf> WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY SINKING OF TUSCANIA February 5 ON Feb. 5, 1918, the British ship Tuscania, carrying American troops, was sunk by a submarine off the north coast of Ireland. There were 2,179 American soldiers aboard. First reports said that there were eighty-two known dead and 216 missing. However, lb 4 bodies were later washed ashore on the Scottish coast and buried there. At that time thirty or more had not been identified. A number of the crew were killed in the explosion in the engine room. The soldiers were mostly national guardsmen from Michigan and Wisconsin. The Tuscania was torpedoed in the early morning. Two torpedoes were launched at the ship, but one passed astern. Rescue work was done by British destroyers and trawlers.

Questions and Answers

Does the term American apply only to citizens of the United States? By popular usage it does. What is the sports nickname for Gene Tunnty? Gentleman Gene. What is black thorn and for what is it nsed? It is a hard and tough wood from which walking sticks are made.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Cold Vaccines Still Are Experiments

This is the last of five articles on prevention and treatment of the common cold. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. TNVESTIGATIONS concerning vitamin A indicate that it bears some part in the development of resistance to infection. When animals are completely deprived of vitamin A, their mucous membranes in the respiratory tract break down and afford easy access to infective germs. Hence it would seem to be desirable to add a sufficient amount of vitamin A to diets which are deficient in this principle. On the other hand, recent experiments carried out over periods of several months have indicated that feeding of excess amounts of vitamin A did not prevent colds among groups of children who were compared with others not receiving excess amounts of vitamin A. Certainly there is reason to believe that feeding of sufficient amounts of vitamin A is beneficial

IT SEEMS TO ME

WHEN Alfalfa Bill receives the gentlemen of the press, he generally removes his shoes in order not to scratch the table. But aside from this concession to good form, the Governor of Oklahoma presents a picture of rugged southwest individualism uncorrupted by the niceties of Mammon manners. It will not suffice to call Bill a “he man.” This candidate for the presidency is even more aggressively self-reliant than that. He is, in fact, a me-man.” Accordingly, it comes as a shock to this very distant admirer of Alfalfa Bill to find that he is sitting for his portrait in a Washington studio. And I believe that it will cost him votes down among the hills of Oklahoma. It is bad enough for Bill to go to a studio at all. People who know their motion pictures can’t be fooled as to what goes on in these haunts of the art artists. Suppose, for instance, Bill had been ushered into the den while a model was silhouetted against the north light. How would Bill like that? And, what is more important, what would have been the reaction of a hundred thousand honest citizens back home? It St It Murray as a Model HOWEVER, no such scandalous goings-on are suggested in the all-too-brief news dispatches. But in clearing Alfalfa Bill from one dilemma, he is pronged by the horn of another. In this case the facts are more damning than any invention, William H. Murray, the roaring

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times —I am one of those who, by reason of unfortunate conditions, have been forced to call upon our charitable organizations for help, and, in behalf of my fellow countrymen, who, like myself, desire nothing but justice and the consideration to which our American citizenship entitles us, I wish to state to the public some of the demoralizing and humiliating conditions which are the lot of the unemployed workers of this city. I want it understood that I am a patriotic American, and am writing this in behalf of those who have the welfare of American citizens and American institutions as their greatest ambition. In the first place, I want to say that the attitude which the chanty worker takes toward the needy citizen is u most important factor which will be remembered long after this depression is a thing of the past. “He who would have friends must show himself friendly,” is a mighty good rule for individuals, charitable organizations, jolitical parties and government agencies to remember when dealing '.nth the public. The patriotism of millions of American citizens is being tested severely and it is of vital importance

The Eclipse

to health and that its long continued use may aid in building resistance to colds or other infections of the respiratory tract. • tt tt b THE injection of vaccines for the prevention of colds is a debatable subject. The use of these vaccines, or as they are commonly called, “shots,” sometimes aids in building resistance because the vaccine may be given over a long period of time, whereas the cold is usually brief. The purpose of vaccines is to build resistance to a specific disease in exactly the same way that an infectious disease builds resistance. Thus people who have had measles or scarlet fever are not likely to develop these diseases again. In some instances people who suffer frequently with colds seem to have developed resistance by the use of vaccines, but the method must still be considered experimental. tt tt tt THE common cold tends to be a self-limited disease. The average human being gets well in a week almost regardless of what he may do.

cyclone of the unterrified democracy was himself the model. Not to put too fine a point upon it, Alfalfa Bill sat for his portrait. In all fairness to a receptive candidate, let it be announced that he did not pose for the figure. The artist displays him in traditional choke collar and long black coat of the statesman. The reproductions do not quite show whether the garment happens to be a cutaway or a Prince Albert. I rather incline to the opinion that it’s a duster. Governor Murray may be able to stave off the first wave of criticism by explaining that he sat for his portrait to give posterity a break. But that isn’t good enough. After all, if he just had to submit his countenance to be copied in a hand-painted picture, why rush ’way up north to Yankeeland? Are there no struggling artists in the great commonwealth of Oklahoma? tt tt tt Home Talent THE question is not rhetorical. I ask for information. It may be that down in his territory they still are burning Indian heads on leather sofa pillows. And decidedly Alfalfa Bill’s is not a face to be burned. But there are rigid limits beyond which the internationalists may not be permitted to go. Washington, D. C., is at least a part of the United States, and since Governor Murray expects to live there pretty soon, it is not unreasonable that he should begin to make the acquaintanceship of the local artisans. If only he had confined himself to that! Candor compels the statement that it was not an American

to this nation that only kindly, capable, and sympathetic officials be permitted to deal with the great army of unemployed. One of the worst features to be met by those seeking aid is a seeming disregard for the convenience or time of the applicants. I have stood for a full hour in company with several others, including women, waiting to be interviewed by a woman worker in the trustee’s office, while this same employe spent her time in conversation with other women workers in the office. This is an example of conditions which thousands of unemployed citizens are meeting daily. I appeal to those in authority that we be treated with the consideration to which our common bond of American citizenship entitles us. UNEMPLOYED. Who were oldest, youngest, tallest, shortest, stoutest and leanest Presidents of the United States? William H. Harrison was the oldest; Theodore Roosevelt the youngest, Abraham Lincoln the tallest, Madison the shortest, Polk the leanest and Taft th stoutest. How old is Will Rogers, the humorist? He was 52 on Nov. 4, 1931.

The physician called to treat a cold arranges for the enforcement of several procedures which are bound to be beneficial. He is likely to demand first of all that the patient stay in bed. Certainly when there is fever the patient should stay in bed. He may be given drinks of hot lemonade and of orange juice, not only for the alkalinization value, but also for the vitamin content and in order to make him take fluids in abundance. Sweating under heavy blankets or perhaps induced by similar measures is sometimes helpful. The physician has a large variety of remedies which do much to make the patient comfortable. It is important to warn against too violent blowing of the nose. This is likely to force infectious material into the ears and into the estuchlan tubes which pass from the back of the nose to the ear. Infection of the ear is a dangerous complication. There are many preparations which may be used in the nose to bring about comfort and the lessening of secretion and relieving the sense of stuffiness.

Ideals and opinions expressed m this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and arc presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

at all for whom Bill sat. His choice fell upon a Hungarian fellow. This is the sort of heresy which may lead to excommunication. A statesman has his picture painted by some man from across the seas, and before you know it that same statesman has begun to order goulash in public places and undertaken a campaign for the repudiation of all foreign debts. And it isn’t going to help Bill much when Oklahoma learns that the name of the artist who has consigned the Governor to posterity is Adolphe Kiss. How will that look in the school books of a generation hence? “William H. Murray, the great uncle of his'country, a reproduction of the familiar portrait by A. Kiss.” tt n Miss Marcelle IN the illustrated section which I saw the ordeal of Alfalfa Bill was pictured just beside a steamship portrait of a French actress newly arrived in America. Unless these aging eyes deceive me, she goes by the forbidding name of Sugar Marcelle. Very likely she is a granddaughter of someone or all of the three misses who lived at the bottom of a treacle well. But I will grant you that rotogravure sections make strange juxtapositions, to put it mildly. Alfalfa Bill was not consulted before he appeared cheek to jowl with Sugar Marcelle in the Wall Street press. Besides, Governor Murray was not pictured wtih his legs crossed. Still, I think the state can rest its case as it stands. Governor Murray owes me nothing, but just what is he going to tell Will Rogers and all the rest about his studio spree and the hand-painted picture executed by Mr. A. Kiss? Better make it good, Bill! (Copyright. 1933. bv The Times i

Tom Dick or Harry? Whatever your given name may be, it has a meaning, a history, a derivation from language root. The story of names and their meanings is one of the most interesting subjects of the world. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you one of its most absorbing bulletins on the origins and meanings of First Names—the material dr awn from authoritative sources and carefully checked from authorities on the subject. You will be interested in finding the origin and meaning of your own name, and the names of your families and friends. You can pick out a suitable name for the baby. You can follow up the subject from a suggested bibliography on the subject. Fill out the coupon below and send for this bulletin: CLIP COUPON HERE , Dept. 165, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times: • 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, FIRST NAMES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncairceled United States stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

FEB. 5, 1932

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ 1 New Volume by Government Expert Is Treat to Bird, Lovers; Describes Variety of Feathered Life i Florida. NO bird lover who sees “Florida Bird Life” will be quite content until he owns a copy of tha book. The work of Arthur H. Howell, senior biologist of the United States bureau of biological survey, the book is at one and the same time a scientific achievement and an artistic triumph. The name of Howell is a signal to all ornithologists —as scientific students of bird life are known—that they can not do without the book. For thirty-five years Howell has been a biologist in the United States department of agriculture. He is a fellow' of the American Ornithologists Union, and the author of “Birds of Alabama,” “Birds of Arkansas," and other treatises of recognized scientific authority. During recent years he has been in charge of the biological survey’s investigation of Florida wild life. The artistic merits of “Florida Bird Life” include the excellent job of printing which the publishers have done, and the splendid illustrations. These include thirty-seven strikingly beautiful color plates made from original paintings especially prepared for the book by Francis L. Jaques, staff artist of the American Museum of Natural History. They show various birds of Flor ida in their native habitat. In a dition, there are many photographs, maps and diagrams. tt tt tt Bird Highway THE bird life of Florida is unusually varied and interesting. The state extends southward into the tropics, nearly surrounded the waters of the Atlantic ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Within its borders there are many inland lakes and flooded marshes. Asa result, the state is an ideal haven for many types of birds nob found elsewhere in the United States. In addition, Florida provides & highway for thousands of migrating birds who journey from the United States to winter homes in South America or the West Indies. In “Florida Bird Life,” Howell discusses both the resident and the migrant birds to be found in the state. The United States biological survey, in pursuance of Its program of studying the wild life and mapping the life zones of North America, instituted a survey of wild life in Florida in 1918. Howell was put in charge of thq work. He completed the manuscript of “Florida Bird Life” in 1930, but sufficient funds for its publication were not available at the time. The book now is published by the Florida department of game and fresh water fish in co-operation with the United States biological survey. This was made passible through the financial assistance of Marcia Brady Tucker of New York. (The book is issued by CowardMcCann, as publisher’s agent, at $6.) tt a tt Popular State “'P'LORIDA BIRD LIFE” consists -F of 579 pages. Os them, 402 pages are devoted to the actual description of the various species of birds found in the state. The recognition marks, range, distribution in Florida, haunts and habits are given in the case of each species. Other chapters in the book Include a history of Florida ornithology, a list of birds originally described from Florida, the history of bird protection in Florida, the physiographic regions of Florida and the life zones of Florida. As Howell points out in the inj troduction, Florida long has been a i favorite locale with ornithologists, i Apparently, they discovered the state before the tourists did. "Florida occupies a unique position biologically among the states of the union,” he writes, “and has been a Mecca for naturalists since the days of Bartram, a century anc| a half ago. “Comprising as it does, a long, narrow peninsula projecting southward into the tropics, and provided with myriad lakes, ponds, marshes and tidal lagoons, it is an attractive lane of migration for many birds, and furnishes an ideal home at all seasons for immense numbers ofl waterfowl, shore birds and swamploving species. “Nowhere else in America can bd found such populous rookeries of pelicans, water turkeys, egrets, herons and ibises.” “Birds of Florida” treats of 423 birds, comprising 362 species, and sixty-6ne sub species.

I Daily Thought

That which hath been is now; ! and that which is to be hath already been; and God reqaireth that which is past.—Ecclesiastes 3:15. The thought of eternity consoles for the shortness of life.—Malei sherbes.